page_title: Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
section_title: Route followed in Brazil during 1817-1820 expedition
hierarchical_section_title: Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius / Route followed in Brazil during 1817-1820 expedition
caption_attribution_description: Map of Brazil showing 1817-20 route followed by von Martius and von Spix
context_page_description: Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius was a German botanist and explorer.
context_section_description: Martius and Spix, accompanied by Johann Christian Mikan who was with his wife and the artist Thomas Ender travelled to Brazil with the Austrian Commission, which joined the wedding train of Archduchess Leopoldina of Austria and Dom Pedro de Alcantara, the future Emperor of Brazil. The party left from Trieste on April 10, 1817.
  The first natural history collections were made in the city of Rio de Janeiro at Laranjeiras, Corcovado, Aqueduto, Fonte da Carioca, Tijuca, Botafogo, Jardim Botanico) immediately following the wedding.
  Spix and Martius then spent some days at "Fazenda Mandioca" with Grigori Ivanovitch Langsdorff and then went to a fazenda near Rio Paraiba before returning to Rio. A mounted expedition took them on horseback to Itaguaí (December 13, 1817) through São Paulo state to the city of São Paulo where they arrived on December 31, 1817. They left on January 9th, 1818 for Sorocaba and Itu on to Minas Gerais, then through Camanducaia to cross the Rio Sapucaí for São Gonçalo and Ouro Prêto. On May 1, 1818, they left for Diamantina, Minas Novas and then Montes Claros.
  On August 12, 1818, they headed North-North East to Rio Carinhanha, as far as the Serra Geral then returned by Codó to Carinhanha arriving at Rio de Contas on October 17, 1818, then riding east to cross the Rio Paraguaçu arriving at Salvador on the November 10th, 1818, and leaving on February 18th, 1819 via Coit and Jacobina. The party then travelled to Piaui, Oeiras where they arrived on May 3. They departed on May 11, arriving on May 15 at São Gonçalo do Amarante, where Martius became seriously ill. Spix had at this time contracted the schistosomiasis from which he eventually died.
  On June 3, 1819, they arrived in Maranhão to replenish funds and supplies. They then sailed down the Rio Itapicuru to São Luis from where they left on July 20 for Belém, arriving there on July 25, having collected specimens at several places in between. They left Belém on August 21 for an Amazon voyage, up the Tocantins to Breves, arriving in Gurupá on September 9 and Porto de Moz on the Rio Xingu on September 10. They spent September 19 through 30th in Santarém, arriving at Barra do Rio Negro on October 22 and leaving on November 2nd. They reached Tefé, then called Ega, on November 26, then split up.
  Spix left Tefé on December 7, 1819, for Solimões and visiting Tabatinga before returning to Manaus on February 3, 1820. He then travelled up the Rio Negro to Moura, Barcelos returning to Manaus on February 26. Martius left Tefé on December 12th, ascended Rio Japurá, returning to Manaus on March 11, where they reunited. They departed for Belém arriving on April 16, 1820, and left for Europe on June 13, 1820.
  After this journey, Martius and Spix published their account of their travels and work in Brazil.
  In the appendix, they published a piece of dance music, a lundu, the earliest example of this form of music recorded, it is now known as Lundu: Recolhido por C.P.F. von Martius. One recording of this work is by Orquestra e Coro Vox Brasiliensis & Ricardo Kanji in their recording História da Música Brasileira - Período Colonial II.
caption: Route followed by Martius and Spix between 1817 and 1820
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