page_title: Naumkeag
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Naumkeag / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Naumkeag estate, Stockbridge, MA. Detail of a garden wall. This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 75000264
context_page_description: Naumkeag is the former country estate of noted New York City lawyer Joseph Hodges Choate and Caroline Dutcher Sterling Choate, located at 5 Prospect Hill Road, Stockbridge, Massachusetts. The estate's centerpiece is a 44-room, Shingle Style country house designed principally by Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White, and constructed in 1886 and 1887.
  The estate is noted for its large gardens, which were designed in the mid-20th century by noted landscape designer Fletcher Steele in conjunction with Mabel Choate. A National Historic Landmark District, Naumkeag is now owned by The Trustees of Reservations, who operate it as a nonprofit museum.
context_section_description: Colonial settlement of the Prospect Hill section of Stockbridge began with the town's founding as a Native American mission community in the 1730s.  The future site of Naumkeag was probably acquired by New York lawyer David Dudley Field in the 1870s, and purchased by Joseph Hodges Choate in 1884.  Choate's family had vacationed in Stockbridge (where Choate's law partners also summered), and had picnicked on the property.  Choate persuaded Field (whom he had opposed in the Boss Tweed legal cases) to part with 40 acres (16 ha) on the south side of the hill.
  Choate was a longtime friend of architect Charles McKim, but most of the architectural design work was done by McKim's partner Stanford White.  Although design work began shortly after the purchase, construction was delayed by the death of Choate's son.  The house was completed in 1887 at a cost of about $35,000.  White was also instrumental in providing the decorations and furnishings of the house, traveling to Europe with the Choates for the purpose.
  The house underwent a variety of alterations and additions, some guided by architects George de Gersdorff and Charles Platt. The library was expanded in 1897, enclosing a space that had once served as a south-facing porch. The number of bathrooms was raised from four to seven in the early years of the 20th century. These changes, which included the addition of a porch to the master bedroom, necessitated the addition of a dormer on the third floor and a number of new windows.  During the period of Mabel Choate's ownership only modest changes were made.
  Joseph Choate first offered the landscape design to Frederick Law Olmsted, but rejected his proposal to place the house halfway down the hill, where a favorite oak tree was located.  The landscaping contract was instead given to Nathan Barrett, a self-taught designer then best known for his municipal work.  Barrett's vision of the landscape was implemented between 1884 and 1894.  His design included formal flower gardens near the house, and had a broad meadow slope down the hill, with an orchard and the family cemetery plot at the bottom.  For the main fountain Choate commissioned White's friend and sculptor Frederick MacMonnies to produce a work; the result was Young Faun with Heron.
  Between 1895 and 1925 minor changes were made to the gardens under the guidance of Percival Gallagher and Marian Coffin.  Design decisions in the later years were dominated by Choate's daughter Mabel, especially after Choate's death in 1917.  Mabel acquired full control of the estate after her mother's death in 1929.  Mabel Choate began her long and fruitful collaboration with designer Fletcher Steele in 1926.  Upon her death in 1958 the estate was bequeathed to the Trustees of Reservations, to be "an authentic representation of the times and manner of living which it now [1958] reflects."
  Naumkeag's main house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975; the listing was expanded and the entire estate was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 2007.  Its designation was made for the architecture and content of the house, which are well-preserved examples of a Gilded Age country estate, and for the innovative landscape design work of Fletcher Steele.
caption: A garden wall.
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