page_title: Invasions of the British Isles
section_title: The Franco-Scottish invasion of 1385
hierarchical_section_title: Invasions of the British Isles / Invasions of England and Wales (1284–1797) / Scottish Wars / The Franco-Scottish invasion of 1385
caption_attribution_description: English: A Franco-Scottish force led by Jean de Vienne attacks Wark Castle in 1385, from an edition of Froissart's Chronicles.
context_page_description: Invasions of the British Isles have occurred throughout history. Various sovereign states within the territorial space that constitutes the British Isles have been invaded several times, including by the Romans, by the Germanic peoples, by the Vikings, by the Normans, by the French, and by the Dutch.
context_section_description: In May 1385, a French force led by admiral Jean de Vienne sailed from Sluys to Leith in Scotland.  It consisted of at least 1000 men-at-arms plus servants and crossbowmen, and carried 50,000 gold francs as gifts for the Scots nobility   A joint attack on the North of England was planned but there was considerable disharmony between the Scots and French contingents.  Eventually a joint force invaded England in July and succeeded in taking the castle at Wark. However, an English relief army was approaching and the Franco-Scottish force fell back before them to Edinburgh, which was burned by the English on August 11.   Admiral de Vienne led his men on a counterattack on the English West March, launching an assault on Carlisle on September 7. The assault failed and the French force fell back into Scotland harried by English forces.  De Vienne returned to Edinburgh hoping to over winter but morale among his army was failing and many determined to return home to France, despite the lateness of the season.
caption: A Franco-Scottish force attacks Wark, from an edition of Froissart's Chronicles
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