page_title: Catholic Church in Scotland
hierarchical_section_title: Catholic Church in Scotland
caption_attribution_description: Español: La obra representa la crucifixión del apóstol San Andrés. Flanquean al apóstol y observan pacientemente su larga agonía tres soldados, ataviados con los atuendos característicos de este tipo de personajes en muchas obras de Correa. Los dos situados a la izquierda recuerdan, por sus formas y actitudes similares, aunque en distinta posición, a los dos representados a la izquierda en La Resurrección de Cristo del claustro del desaparecido convento de San Juan de la Penitencia de Toledo, considerada obra de Juan de Borgoña y discípulos, no anterior a 1530, fecha en la que Correa ya estaba incorporado al taller del maestro. La historia se representa delante de un edificio de aparejo toledano. Al fondo se desarrolla un paisaje en profundidad, en el que se divisa una extensión de agua y a lo lejos, entre montañas, diversas construcciones de planta circular, de inspiración clasicista, muy habituales en Correa (Texto extractado de Cortés Hernández, S.; Ocaña Rodríguez, E. en: Juan Correa de Vivar, c. 1510-1566. Maestro del Renacimiento español, 2010).
context_page_description: The Roman Catholic Church in Scotland, overseen by the Scottish Bishops' Conference, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church headed by the Pope. After being firmly established in Scotland for nearly a millennium, the Catholic Church was outlawed following the Scottish Reformation in 1560. Catholic Emancipation in 1793 helped Catholics regain civil rights. In 1878, the Catholic hierarchy was formally restored. Throughout these changes, several pockets in Scotland retained a significant pre-Reformation Catholic population, including parts of Banffshire, the Hebrides, and more northern parts of the Highlands, in Galloway at Terregles House, Munches House, Kirkconnell House, New Abbey and Parton House and at Traquair in Peebleshire.
  In 1716, Scalan seminary was established in the Highlands and rebuilt in the 1760s by Bishop John Geddes, a well-known figure in the Edinburgh of the Enlightenment period. When Robert Burns wrote to a correspondent that "the first [that is, finest] cleric character I ever saw was a Roman Catholick", he was referring to Geddes. The Gàidhealtachd has been both Catholic and Protestant in modern times.
context_section_description: The Roman Catholic Church in Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: An Eaglais Chaitligeach), overseen by the Scottish Bishops' Conference, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church headed by the Pope. After being firmly established in Scotland for nearly a millennium, the Catholic Church was outlawed following the Scottish Reformation in 1560. Catholic Emancipation in 1793 helped Catholics regain civil rights. In 1878, the Catholic hierarchy was formally restored. Throughout these changes, several pockets in Scotland retained a significant pre-Reformation Catholic population, including parts of Banffshire, the Hebrides, and more northern parts of the Highlands, in Galloway at Terregles House, Munches House, Kirkconnell House, New Abbey and Parton House and at Traquair in Peebleshire.
  In 1716, Scalan seminary was established in the Highlands and rebuilt in the 1760s by Bishop John Geddes, a well-known figure in the Edinburgh of the Enlightenment period. When Robert Burns wrote to a correspondent that "the first [that is, finest] cleric character I ever saw was a Roman Catholick", he was referring to Geddes. The Gàidhealtachd has been both Catholic and Protestant in modern times. A number of Scottish Gaelic areas now are mainly Catholic, including Barra, South Uist, and Moidart. The poet and novelist Angus Peter Campbell writes frequently about the Catholic Church in his work. (See also the "Religion of the Yellow Stick".)
  In the 2011 census, 16% of the population of Scotland described themselves as being Catholic, compared with 32% affiliated with the Church of Scotland. Many Catholics are Scottish Highland minorities or the descendants of Irish immigrants and of Highland migrants who moved to Scotland's cities and towns during the 19th century, especially when there was a famine in Ireland. However, there are significant numbers of Italian, Lithuanian, and Polish descent, with more recent Polish immigrants again boosting the numbers of continental Catholic Europeans in Scotland. Owing to immigration (overwhelmingly white European), it is estimated that, in 2009, there were about 850,000 Catholics in a country of 5.1 million. Between 1994 and 2002, Catholic attendance in Scotland declined 19% to just over 200,000. By 2008, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland estimated that 184,283 attended Mass regularly.
caption: Crucifixion of Saint Andrew, by Juan Correa de Vivar (1540–1545)
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