page_title: Poliorcetica
hierarchical_section_title: Poliorcetica
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Einsatz eines Handsiphones, eines tragbaren Flammenwerfers, von einem Belagerungsturm mit Enterbrücke gegen die Verteidiger auf den Mauern. Mittelalterliche Darstellung aus dem Manuskript Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1605. Die Bildüberschrift lautet: "Und wenn dann noch Einzelne auf der Brücke aus feuerwerfenden Handrohren den Feinden mit Feuer ins Gesicht schiessen, so werden sie die Verteidiger der Mauer so einschüchtern, daß sie baldigst ihren Platz räumen, wie auf dem Bild ersichtlich." English: Use of a hand-siphon, a portable flame-thrower, from a siege tower equipped with a boarding bridge against the defenders on the walls. Medieval illumination in the manuscript Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1605.
context_page_description: A poliorceticon is any member of the genre of Byzantine literature dealing with manuals on siege warfare, which is formally known as poliorcetics. As with much Byzantine literature, the poliorcetica tend to be compendia of earlier guides illustrated with Biblical and Classical anecdotes. The extent to which they might be up-to-date or representative of actual experiences in the field is sometimes questionable and greatly depends upon the author.
  Composed as they were during the era immediately antecedent to the arrival of heavy artillery, the poliorcetica tend to focus less upon large machines and more upon techniques for bringing men close to fortifications, as well as on ways of undermining these once attacking forces are positioned. These Byzantine manuals also tend to give a good amount of insight on morale and advice on psychological defense employable by those being besieged, either to avoid betrayal or dissension harmful to successful and prolonged defense. They also cover means of avoiding one's own betrayal when invested by a siege.
  Two examples of the genre are:
  Parangelmata Poliorcetica of Hero of Byzantium
  De obsidione toleranda, anonymous
context_section_description: A poliorceticon (Greek: πολιορκητικόν, also transliterated poliorketikon, poliorketika in the plural) is any member of the genre of Byzantine literature dealing with manuals on siege warfare, which is formally known as poliorcetics. As with much Byzantine literature, the poliorcetica tend to be compendia of earlier guides illustrated with Biblical and Classical anecdotes. The extent to which they might be up-to-date or representative of actual experiences in the field is sometimes questionable and greatly depends upon the author.
  Composed as they were during the era immediately antecedent to the arrival of heavy artillery, the poliorcetica tend to focus less upon large machines and more upon techniques for bringing men close to fortifications, as well as on ways of undermining these once attacking forces are positioned. These Byzantine manuals also tend to give a good amount of insight on morale and advice on psychological defense employable by those being besieged, either to avoid betrayal or dissension harmful to successful and prolonged defense. They also cover means of avoiding one's own betrayal when invested by a siege.
  Two examples of the genre are:
  Parangelmata Poliorcetica (Παραγγέλματα πολιορκητικά) of Hero of Byzantium
  De obsidione toleranda ("On Withstanding Sieges"), anonymous
  Although not technically poliorcetica, other Byzantine military texts such as Kekaumenos's Strategikon and Nikephoros Ouranos's Taktika often include sections or chapters dealing with siege operations. Sources which were composed by soldiers or generals themselves are naturally the most invaluable of these for reconstructing actual procedures in the field.
  The English word poliorcetic (relating to the siege of cities) derives from Greek poliorkētikos, from poliorkētēs "taker of cities" (from poliorkein to besiege, from polis city + herkos fence, enclosure).
caption: Use of a portable Byzantine flamethrower for Greek fire from atop a flying bridge against a castle. Illumination from the Poliorcetica of Hero of Byzantium.
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