page_title: Makassarese language
section_title: Historical writing system
hierarchical_section_title: Makassarese language / Historical writing system
caption_attribution_description: Nederlands: Handschrift. Gedeelte van het dagboek van de Vorsten van Gowa, in oud Makassaarschrift. Français&#160;: Manuscrit. Extrait de l’agenda des princes de Gowa (alors un puissant Royaume situé au sud de l’île de Sulawesi, dans l’est de l'actuelle Indonésie), écrit en langue makassar, dans l’alphabet brahmique traditionnel lontara (ou bugis). English: Manuscript. Excerpt from the diary of the princes of Gowa (then a powerful kingdom situated to the south of the island of Sulawesi, in the east of present-day Indonesia), written in the Makassarese language using Makasar script (also known as "Old Makassarese" or "Makassarese bird script"). 한국어: 문서. (오늘날 인도네시아 동부에 있는 술라웨시섬 남부의 강력한 왕국이었던) 고와의 군주의 일기장에서 발췌. 마카사르 문자("고대 마카사르 문자" 또는 "마카사르 새 문자"라고도 함)를 사용해 마카사르어로 기록함.
context_page_description: Makassarese, sometimes spelled Makasar, Makassar, or Macassar, is a language of the Makassarese people, spoken in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia. It is a member of the South Sulawesi group of the Austronesian language family, and thus closely related to, among others, Buginese.
context_section_description: Makassarese was historically written using Makasar script (also known as "Old Makassarese" or "Makassarese bird script" in English-language scholarly works).
  In Makassarese the script is known as ukiri' jangang-jangang or huruf jangang-jangang ("bird letters").
  It was used for official purposes in the kingdoms of Makasar in the 17th century but ceased to be used by the 19th century, being replaced by Lontara script.
  In spite of their quite distinctive appearance, both the Makasar and Lontara scripts are derived from the ancient Brahmi script of India. Like other descendants of that script, each consonant has an inherent vowel "a", which is not marked. Other vowels can be indicated by adding diacritics above, below, or on either side of each consonant.
caption: Sample of a handwritten book, written in Makassarese using the Makasar script, of a diary of the Princes of Gowa. The palláwa punctuation signs, typical of this script, are drawn and colored in red, as well as a few proper names and some inserts in Arabic.
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