page_title: List of forts of the Lines of Torres Vedras
hierarchical_section_title: List of forts of the Lines of Torres Vedras
caption_attribution_description: English: Fort of Alqueidão Powder Magazine. The Fort of Alqueidão was the largest fort on the Lines of Torres Vedras, just north of Lisbon, Portugal
context_page_description: The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts and other military defences built in secrecy to defend Lisbon, capital of Portugal, from the French during the Peninsular War. Named after the town of Torres Vedras, their construction was ordered by the commander of the British troops, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. The Lines were declared a National Heritage by the Portuguese Government in March 2019.
  In total, 152 military works were carried out from October 1809 to 1812 by Portuguese workers supervised by British engineers. Most involved completely new constructions, although some existing structures, such as the castle at Torres Vedras, were adapted and it was also common to incorporate existing hilltop windmills in the designs. Some of the forts remain visible and 29 are maintained by the municipalities of Torres Vedras, Arruda dos Vinhos, Loures, Mafra, Sobral de Monte Agraço, and Vila Franca de Xira. Much restoration work has been carried out to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Lines.
  The individual forts include:
  Fort of Aguieira
  Forts of Ajuda
  Fort of Alqueidão
  Fort of Archeira
  Fort of Arpim
  Fort of Carvalha
  Fort of Casa
  Fort of Cego
  Fort of Feira
context_section_description: The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts and other military defences built in secrecy to defend Lisbon, capital of Portugal, from the French during the Peninsular War. Named after the town of Torres Vedras, their construction was ordered by the commander of the British troops, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. The Lines were declared a National Heritage by the Portuguese Government in March 2019.
  In total, 152 military works were carried out from October 1809 to 1812 by Portuguese workers supervised by British engineers. Most involved completely new constructions, although some existing structures, such as the castle at Torres Vedras, were adapted and it was also common to incorporate existing hilltop windmills in the designs. Some of the forts remain visible and 29 are maintained by the municipalities of Torres Vedras, Arruda dos Vinhos, Loures, Mafra, Sobral de Monte Agraço, and Vila Franca de Xira. Much restoration work has been carried out to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Lines.
  The individual forts include:
  Fort of Aguieira
  Forts of Ajuda
  Fort of Alqueidão
  Fort of Archeira
  Fort of Arpim
  Fort of Carvalha
  Fort of Casa
  Fort of Cego
  Fort of Feira
  Fort of Feiteira
  Fort of Machado
  Fort of Mosqueiro
  Forte Novo (New fort)
  Fort of Olheiros
  Fort of Portela Grande
  Fort of Portela Pequena
  Fort of Ribas (Fort of Freixial)
  Fort of São Vicente
  Fort of Simplicio
  Fort of Subserra
  Fort of Zambujal
  Torres Vedras Castle
caption: Fort of Alqueidão
exif: {"Image Make": "OnePlus", "Image Model": "ONEPLUS A5010", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "OnePlus5T-user 9 PKQ1.180716.001 1902221914 release-keys", "Image DateTime": "2019:04:27 11:29:50", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered", "Image ExifOffset": "250", "GPS GPSLatitudeRef": "N", "GPS GPSLatitude": "[38, 59, 31931/2500]", "GPS GPSLongitudeRef": "W", "GPS GPSLongitude": "[9, 9, 14811/10000]", "GPS GPSAltitudeRef": "0", "GPS GPSAltitude": "498973/1000", "GPS GPSTimeStamp": "[10, 29, 50]", "GPS GPSDate": "2019:04:27", "Image GPSInfo": "770", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "1058", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "21063", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/1692", "EXIF FNumber": "17/10", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Unidentified", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "100", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0220", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2019:04:27 11:29:50", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2019:04:27 11:29:50", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "2681/250", "EXIF ApertureValue": "153/100", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "737/100", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Unidentified", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "4103/1000", "EXIF SubSecTime": "609585", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "609585", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "609585", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "4608", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "3456", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "739", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "24", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard"}