page_title: Chemorepulsion
section_title: Bidirectional decisions
hierarchical_section_title: Chemorepulsion / Mechanism / Bidirectional decisions
caption_attribution_description: English: Directional Decision Making in Human Neutrophil
context_page_description: Chemorepulsion is the directional movement of a cell away from a substance. Of the two directional varieties of chemotaxis, chemoattraction has been studied to a much greater extent. Only recently have the key components of the chemorepulsive pathway been elucidated. The exact mechanism is still being investigated, and its constituents are currently being explored as likely candidates for immunotherapies.
context_section_description: Leukocytes can exhibit active chemorepulsion away from a factor that is normally considered to stimulate chemoattraction depending on the context. For example, lymphocytes can migrate away from a high concentration of the chemokine SDF-1 rather than be attracted by lower concentrations of the same factor. Similar results have been reported for human neutrophils to the chemokine IL-8. 
  • The directional decision to move towards or away from a chemokine appears to be determined by:
  • Differential receptor occupancy
  • Intracellular kinase activation
  • Cyclic nucleotide concentrations
caption: Directional Decision Making Mechanism in a Human Neutrophil
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