page_title: Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991)
section_title: 1960s
hierarchical_section_title: Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991) / Cold War (1946–1991) / 1960s
caption_attribution_description: English: Apollo 15 Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin salutes the U.S. flag.Astronaut James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot, gives a military salute while standing beside the deployed U.S. flag during the Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Hadley-Apennine landing site. The flag was deployed toward the end of EVA-2. The Lunar Module (LM) "Falcon" is in the center. On the right is the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). This view is looking almost due south. Hadley Delta in the background rises approximately 4,000 meters (about 13,124 feet) above the plain. The base of the mountain is approximately 5 kilometers (about 3 statute miles) away. This photograph was taken by Astronaut David R. Scott, Apollo 15 commander. Original NASA description (From http://nix.larc.nasa.gov) Dansk: Månelandingsmodulet for Apollo 15 med pilot James Irwin gør honnør til det amerikanske flag.Astronaut James B. Irwin, giver en militær hilsen, mens han står ved siden af det plantede amerikanske flag under aktiviteter på Månens overflade ved Hadley-Apennine-landingspladsen. Flaget blev plantet ved afslutningen af den anden aktivitetsrunde. Månemodulet "Falcon" er delvist synligt til den højre side. Hadley Delta rejser sig i baggrunden ca. 4.000 meters over overfladen. Bjergbasen er ca. 5 km væk. Billedet blev taget af astronaut David R. Scott, Apollo 15-kommandør Deutsch: James Irwin, Pilot der Mondlandefähre von Apollo 15, salutiert vor der amerikanischen Flagge. Der Astronaut James B. Irwin, Pilot des Mondlandemoduls, salutiert militärisch neben der aufgestellten US-Fahne stehend, während eines Apollo 15 Außeneinsatzes an der Hadley-Apennin Landestelle. Die Fahne wurde gegen Ende des zweiten Außeneinsatzes aufgestellt. Das Mondlandemodul „Falcon“ steht in der Bildmitte. Das Mondauto (LRV) ist rechts am Bildrand zu sehen. Der Blick richtet sich fast genau nach Süden. Mons Hadley Delta erhebt sich im Hintergrund rund 4000 Meter hoch über die Ebene. Der Fuß des Berges ist ungefähr fünf Kilometer entfernt. Dieses Foto wurde von Astronaut David R. Scott, dem Kommandanten von Apollo 15, aufgenommen. Français&#160;: Le pilote du module Apollo 15 James Irwin salue le drapeau américain. Italiano: Il pilota del modulo Apollo 15, James Irwin, inaugura il suolo lunare con la bandiera degli USA, posizionata sul monte Apenninus, luogo di atterraggio. La foto è stata scattata dall'astronauta David R. Scott, il comandante. Slovenščina: Pilot lunarnega modula Apolla 15 James Irwin salutira ob zastavi ZDA.Astronavt James B. Irwin, pilot lunarnega modula, nam daje vojaški pozdrav, medtem ko stoji ob postavljeni zastavi ZDA med misijo Apollo 15. Fotografija je nastala med raziskovanjem vesoljske lunarne aktivnosti (EVA) na pristajališču Hadley-Apennine. Zastavo je postavil proti koncu podviga EVA-2. V središču je lunarni modul (LM) "Falcon". Na desni je lunarno vozilo (LRV). Pogled je usmerjen proti jugu. V ozadju se dviga Hadley Delta približno 4.000 metrov nad ravnino. Temelji gore se od stojišča nahajajo na razdalji okoli 5 kilometrov. Fotografijo je posnel astronavt David R. Scott, komandir Apolla 15. Po originalnem opisu agencije NASA (Iz http://nix.larc.nasa.gov)
context_page_description: A timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the era of the Cold War, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the original invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress:
  To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.
  In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt. On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 into law which proclaimed that patents were to be authorized for "any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement therein not before known or used."
context_section_description: 1960 Child safety seat
  A child safety seat (sometimes referred to as an infant safety seat, a child restraint system, a restraint car seat, or ambiguously as car seats), are seats designed specifically to protect children from injury or death during collisions. They are commonly used by children when riding in a vehicle. In 1960, Leonard Rivkin of Denver, Colorado invented the first child safe car seat for use in vehicles equipped with bucket seats. A patent was filed on March 5, 1962 and was issued on October 22, 1963.
  1960 Artificial turf
  Artificial turf, or synthetic turf, is a man-made surface made to look like natural grass. It is most often used in arenas for sports that were originally or are normally played on grass. In 1960, David Chaney is the man long credited with inventing the first generation of artificial grass turfs. Artificial turf then had its commercial birth in 1965 when it was installed at the Reliant Astrodome, a stadium in Houston, Texas.
  1960 Magnetic stripe card
  A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. The magnetic stripe, sometimes called a magstripe, is read by physical contact and swiping past a reading head. Magnetic stripe cards are commonly used in credit cards, identity cards such as a driver's license, and transportation tickets. The magnetic stripe card was invented in 1960 by IBM engineer Forrest Parry, who conceived the idea of incorporating a piece of magnetic tape in order to store secured information and data to a plastic card base.
  1960 Global navigation satellite system
  A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) provides autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. A GNSS allows small electronic receivers to determine their location such as longitude, latitude, and altitude to within a few meters using time signals transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites in outer space. Receivers on the ground with a fixed position can also be used to calculate the precise time as a reference for scientific experiments. The first such system was Transit, developed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory under the leadership of Richard Kershner. Development of the system for the United States Navy began in 1958, and a prototype satellite,Transit 1A, was launched in September 1959. That satellite failed to reach orbit. A second satellite, Transit 1B, was successfully launched April 13, 1960 by a Thor-Ablestar rocket. The last Transit satellite launch was in August 1988.
  1960 Combined oral contraceptive pill
  The combined oral contraceptive pill, or birth-control pill, or simply "the Pill", is a combination of an estrogen and a progestin taken orally to inhibit normal female fertility. On May 9, 1960, the FDA announced it would approve Enovid 10 mg for contraceptive use. By the time Enovid 10 mg had been in general use for three years, at least a half a million women had used it. Beginning his research and studies in the feasibility of women's fertility in 1950, Dr. Gregory Pincus invented the combined oral contraceptive pill in 1960.
  1960 Obsidian hydration dating
  Obsidian hydration dating is a geochemical method of determining age in either absolute or relative terms of an artifact made of obsidian. Obsidian hydration dating was introduced in 1960 by Irving Friedman and Robert Smith of the United States Geological Survey.
  1960 Gas laser
  A gas laser is a laser in which an electric current is discharged through a gas to produce light. The first gas laser, the Helium-neon, was invented by William R. Bennett, Don Herriott, and Ali Javan in 1960. The first continuous visible gas laser, operating at 632.8 nm in the red, was invented by A. D. White and J. D. Rigden in 1962.
  1961 Spreadsheet (electronic)
  An electronic spreadsheet organizes data information into computerized software defined columns and rows. Primarily used for business and accounting purposes, the data can then be "added up" by a formula to give a total or sum
caption: Apollo Lunar Module
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