page_title: Gábor Kornél Tolnai
section_title: Exhibition of his inventions
hierarchical_section_title: Gábor Kornél Tolnai / Exhibition of his inventions
caption_attribution_description: Svenska: Södra Kungstorn takfigur med telefon LME
context_page_description: Gábor Kornél Tolnai, born November 22, 1902 in Budapest, died on February 3, 1982 in Stockholm, was a Hungarian-Swedish Diploma engineer, inventor, constructor, mechanical engineer, precision engineer, electrical engineer and a self-employed person. He is best known for his inventions and patents for spinning machines, devices for the Swedish National Defense and several types of tape recorders.
context_section_description: In 1930 Kornél Tolnai exhibited his inventions at the Leipzig Trade Fair (German:Leipziger Messe), (English: Leipsic Trade fair), which was a major fair for trade across Central Europe for nearly a millennium, and then he came into contact with the textile industries in Norrköping and Borås. Norrköping developed with the construction of a cotton refinery. It was at the Spring Fair in 1930. The industry in Norrköping, including textile manufacturers, expanded into the 20th century. Borås is the leading textile city of Sweden, starting as a location spot for textile mills. In Borås he established contact with the engineer and executive director of the textile firm AB Hugo Hennig & Company (Sven Bjurqvist), who also was the editor for the Scandinavian Journal of Textile Industry, where some articles of Kornél Tolnai was printed (i.e. No 7-8, 1931). Hugo Hennig also was a member of Flax Cultivation Committee in Sweden. He founded his own agency and machine company in Borås. Over time, the company became, under his sons direction, only a sales agency for a variety of manufacturers of machines and accessories for the textile industry.
  In 1931 Kornél Tolnai set out his own inventions and patents at the Leipzig Trade Fair again during the Leipzig Spring Fair in February 1931. Gábor Kornél Tolnai came in contact with the Swedish company Ericsson (LM Ericsson. Telefonaktiebolaget L. M. Ericsson is a telecommunications equipment manufacturer and the company is one of the largest Swedish companies, that provides telecommunications equipment and data communication systems and related services covering a range of technologies.
  In the beginning of the 1930s a new material came to dominate the productions of telephones. It was the Bakelite, an early plastic. The plastic was developed by Belgian-born chemist Leo Baekeland in New York in 1907. It was one of the first plastics made from synthetic components.
   The United States Patent and Trademark Office granted Baekeland a patent for a "Method of making insoluble products of phenol and formaldehyde" on December 7, 1909.
  In 1931 L.M. Ericsson introduced the Bakelite phone, and acquired the patent rights to Tolnai's Centralograph machine-status-recorder. When Ericsson’s Bakelite telephone was first distributed worldwide in 1931 it was called the Swedish type of telephone and set the standard for how a modern plastic telephone should look. The distinctive Ericsson styles soon became subdued by the increasing use of moulded thermoplastic phones. Ericsson's innovative bakelite telephone, which was launched in 1931, was primarily known for its trend-setting (early adopter) design, but it also contained an important technical innovation called anti-side tone coupling. The line of telephones, the Ericsson DBH 1001 telephone, was the Bakelite phone, officially also called DBH 1001, m33, N1020 or DE 702, was a Swedish standard telephone bakelite produced in over thirty years between 1931 and 1962.
  LM Ericsson bought the rights to the Centralograph from Gábor Kornél Tolnai and accordingly they acquired the patent rights from him. The procedure for granting patents, requirements placed on the patentee, and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely between countries according to national laws and international agreements. A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, and may be a product or a process. Patents are a form of intellectual property. Intellectual property (IP) is a legal concept for creations of the mind for which exclusive rights are recognized.
  When LM Ericsson had bought Tolnai's patents Kornél Tolnai became an employee of LM Ericsson, both in Stockholm and in Budapest in 1930-1931. In Stockholm Ericsson had an office on Döbelnsgatan 18 with workshops on Thulegatan 5, 15, 17 and 19 and in Budapest Ericsson had a branch with workshops and offices on Vörösmarty útca 67, Budapest VI, 
caption: Detail, South Tower, Angel "Victoria" with an Ericsson phone with the phrase "LME".
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