page_title: Garrard Engineering and Manufacturing Company
section_title: The Garrard 301 and 401 Transcription Turntables
hierarchical_section_title: Garrard Engineering and Manufacturing Company / The Garrard 301 and 401 Transcription Turntables
caption_attribution_description: English: Garrard 401 turntable with SME 3009 tonearm
context_page_description: The Garrard Engineering and Manufacturing Company of Swindon, Wiltshire, was a British company that was famous for producing high-quality gramophone turntables. It was formed by the jewellers Garrard & Co in 1915. The company was sold to Plessey, an electronics conglomerate, in 1960. During the period 1976-1978, Garrard developed demonstrators of the novel video disc technology. Although the team recognised the future potential of this data storage technology, Plessey chose not to invest. After several years in decline, Garrard was sold by Plessey to Gradiente Electronics of Brazil in 1979 and series production was moved to Brazil. The remaining Garrard research and development operation in Swindon was reduced to a skeleton operation until completely shut down in 1992. Then, Gradiente licensed the Garrard name to Terence O'Sullivan, who operated as Loricraft Audio, in 1997.
  Between 1992 and 1997, the Garrard brand name was licensed to other companies in the US, which imported many electronic items built by many different and unrelated Far Eastern manufacturers.
context_section_description: The Garrard 301 Transcription Turntable was the first transcription turntable that supported all extant commercial playback formats – the 33, 45 and 78 rpm records of the time. The first model was called the Garrard 301. Oil and grease bearing versions were made. The later 401 was nearly identical mechanically, but with a redesigned exterior, more powerful motor, slightly different eddy current braking speed control and different turntable thrust bearing.  Both models were used by the BBC and in commercial radio stations, mostly in Europe; the 301 and to a lesser extent the 401 were also exported. Production of the 301 started in 1953; the 301 was launched in 1954. The 401 was introduced in 1965 and produced until 1976.
caption: Garrard 401 turntable with SME 3009 tonearm.
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