page_title: Fortress of São Mateus da Calheta
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Fortress of São Mateus da Calheta / History
caption_attribution_description: English: The walls of the Forte Grande de São Mateus and the parochial Church of São Mateus, São Mateus da Calheta, Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira (Azores), Portugal Português: Igreja Paroquial de São Mateus da Calheta, São Mateus da Calheta, Angra do Heroísmo, Ilha Terceira, Açores. Em primeiro plano a muralha do Forte Grande de São Mateus.
context_page_description: Fortress of São Mateus da Calheta is a fort in the civil parish of São Mateus da Calheta, in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, island of Terceira, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.
context_section_description: Construction of the fort of São Mateus began in 1581, after the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580, under the determination of the Corregidor of the Azores, Ciprião de Figueiredo e Vasconcelos. This fort was part of a larger plan for the defense of the island drawn out by engineer Tommaso Benedetto de Pesaro, in 1567, after an attack by the French corsair Pierre Bertrand de Montluc in Funchal (October 1566), and attempt/failure by pirates to seize Angra in the same year.
  It was in the shadow of the fort, that the carracks from Indian trade routes would appear, making landfall for the first time.
  With the installation of the Captaincy General of the Azores, its state was described in the following terms (1767):
  Fort of Prainha of São Mateus. This is the largest (of the redoubt fortresses) that are on the west of the city of Angra and remodeled anew. It has six canons and requires another two and another six...another two with its emplacements and to garrison eight artillerymen and two auxiliaries.
  It was referred to as Forte da Praya de S. Matheus, in the report Revista aos fortes que defendem a costa da ilha Terceira, by adjutant Manoel Correa Branco (1776), who indicated, ...it is the best on the coast. This fort was rebuilt, and does not require reconstruction.
  In 1767, in his Revista dos Fortes (Review of Forts), engineer/sergeant major João António Júdice, conducted a review and expansion under orders from the Captain-General of the Azores; in his plans he referred to the fort as the largest located to the west of the city of Angra. At that time, the fort was protected by between six and eight artillery pieces and 32 auxiliaries; it had six canons, equipped with pieces in steel, all in good condition. He concluded that the fort's artillery should be reinforced with two cannons and their respective equipment.
  By the beginning of the 19th century, José Rodrigo de Almeida, developed a plan that included six cannons, each three in directed to the sea.
  Between 1828 and 1834, the fort took on a great importance during the defense of the island, owing to the Civil War, when Terceira became the headquarters of the Regency supporting Queen Maria II. During this time (1830), the fort's plan was reinforced by José Rodrigo de Almeida.
  The Baron of Basto, writing on the fort's condition, described it In good state. It is likely conserved owing to it being the more important along the coast; there are five canon emplacements, an area of five fathom squared, lodging for 20 squares, magazine and storehouse.
  By 1871, the fort was at the disposition of the Ministry of War (Portuguese: Ministério da Guerra) and summarily given to a veteran, so that he could reside with his family. Later, it was used to house the needy. Yet, by 1881, an area of approximately 483 meters squared was added to the fort, likely by the Ministry of War.
  The fort, under little need, was given over to the Junta Freguesia of São Mateus, in order to stage open-air concerts and cinema in the 20th century. It was during this century that the first remodeling was attempted, with work carried out by the municipal council of Angra do Heroísmo. In 2010, the area around the land-side portion of the fort was remodeled in order to appeal to tourism.
caption: A foreground perspective of the fort, with the Church of São Mateus da Calheta in the background
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