page_title: Kawade Shibatarō
section_title: Biography
hierarchical_section_title: Kawade Shibatarō / Biography
caption_attribution_description: English: Box by Kawade Shibatarō (1856-c.1921). Exhibit in the George Walter Vincent Smith Art Museum, 21 Edwards Street, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. This item is old enough so that it is in the public domain. The museum permitted photography without restriction.
context_page_description: Kawade Shibatarō was a Japanese artist working in shippo. As head of the Ando Cloisonné Company, he introduced a number of technical innovations, expanding the colours that could be rendered in enamel and bringing the company to a new level of success. Under his leadership, the company exhibited at world's fairs, winning multiple awards. It was also appointed as an official supplier of cloisonné works for the Japanese imperial family.
context_section_description: Kawade came to prominence during the "Golden Age" of Japanese cloisonné in the late Meiji era. This was a time of experimentation and technical innovation, when Japanese artists produced works more advanced than had been achieved before, which could not be replicated with modern techniques. During the 1880s he ran his own workshop and also worked for the Ando Cloisonné Company in Nagoya. In 1902 he became the head of the company, succeeding Kaji Satarō.
  Along with Hattori Tadasaburō, Kawade developed the moriage (盛上七宝 "piling up") technique which places layers of enamel upon each other to create a three-dimensional effect, often used in depicting flowers or blossoms. Another technique he invented was nagare-gusuri (drip-glaze), which produces a rainbow-coloured glaze. In 1902, he was the first Japanese artist to use the uchidashi (repoussé) technique, in which the metal foundation is hammered outwards to create a relief effect. He also used the new plique-à-jour technique (shōtai-jippō 省胎七宝in Japanese) which creates panels of transparent or semi-transparent enamel. Enamel cloisons, linked by wires, are prepared on a copper surface which is then burned away with acid while the enamel itself is protected by lacquer. This was invented in France and came to Japan when Ando Jubei, one of the founders of the Ando Cloisonné Company, bought an enamel by André Fernand Thesmar at the Paris Exposition of 1900. Kawade analysed this piece to replicate and then further develop the technique.
caption: Cloisonné circular box with colourful flowers in yūsen shippō (有線七宝) technique
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