page_title: Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)
section_title: Alfonsists
hierarchical_section_title: Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War) / Belligerents / Political groups / Monarchists / Alfonsists
caption_attribution_description: Español: Billete emitido por el bando «nacional», «sublevado», «franquista» o Estado español durante la Guerra Civil Española. 1 Peseta. Burgos (impreso en Milán, Italia), 12 Octubre 1937. Serie F. Fuente citada: Edifil. Catálogo especializado de Billetes de España. Madrid, 2002, D26a.English: Bank note issued by the "Nationalist", "Rebel", or "Francoist" faction during the Spanish Civil War. 1 Peseta. Burgos (printed in Milan, Italy), 12 October 1937. Series F. Source: Edifil. Catálogo especializado de Billetes de España. Madrid, 2002, D26a.Català: Billet emés per el "bàndol nacional", "bàndol sublevat", "bàndol franquista" o "Estat espanyol" durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola. 1 Pesseta. Burgos (imprés a Milà, Itàlia), 12 d'octubre de 1937. Serie F. Font citada: Edifil. Catálogo especializado de Billetes de España. Madrid, 2002, D26a.
context_page_description: The Nationalist faction or Rebel faction was a major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939. It was composed of a variety of right-wing political groups that supported the Spanish coup of July 1936 against the Second Spanish Republic and sought to depose Manuel Azaña, including the Falange, the CEDA, and two rival monarchist claimants: the Alfonsist Renovación Española and the Carlist Traditionalist Communion. In 1937, all the groups were merged into the FET y de las JONS. One of the members of the 1936 coup, General Francisco Franco, would after the death of the faction's earlier leaders head the Nationalists throughout most of the war and emerge as the dictator of Spain until 1975.
  The term Nationalists or Nationals was coined by Joseph Goebbels following the visit of the clandestine Spanish delegation led by Captain Francisco Arranz requesting war material on 24 July 1936, in order to give a cloak of legitimacy to Nazi Germany's help to the Spanish rebel military.
context_section_description: The Alfonsists were a movement that supported the restoration of Alfonso XIII of Spain as monarch following the founding of the Spanish Second Republic in 1931. They competed with rival monarchists, the Carlists, for the Spanish throne. After the overthrow of the monarchy of Alfonso XIII, Alfonsist supporters formed the Renovación Española, a monarchist political party, which held considerable economic influence and had close supporters in the Spanish army. Renovación Española did not, however, manage to become a mass political movement.  In 1934, the Alfonsists, led by Antonio Goicoechea, along with the Carlists, met with Italian dictator Benito Mussolini to gain support for an uprising against the republic, in which Mussolini promised to provide money and arms for such a rising. From 1934 to 1936, the charismatic Alfonsist leader José Calvo Sotelo spoke of the need for the "conquest of the state" as the only means to secure the establishment of an ideal authoritarian, corporatist state. Sotelo made passionate speeches in support of violent counterrevolution and emphasized the need for a military insurrection against the republic to counter the threats of communism and separatism that he blamed as being caused by the republic. Sotelo was kidnapped and assassinated by political opponents (who were initially searching out Gil-Robles of the CEDA to kidnap) on 13 July 1936 which sparked fury on the political right and helped legitimize the military coup against the republic.
  When the war broke out, Infante Juan, the son of Alfonso XIII and heir to the Spanish throne, requested the permission of Franco to take part in the Nationals' war effort by enlisting as a member of the crew of the cruiser Balaeres, which was nearing completion. He promised to abstain from political activities, but Franco refused, believing that he would become a figurehead for the Alfonsists who held a strong presence in the military.
caption: Bank note issued by the Nationalist government in October 1937 with the coat of arms of Alfonso XIII
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