page_title: Expressionist architecture
section_title: 1910
hierarchical_section_title: Expressionist architecture / Timeline / 1910
caption_attribution_description: Polski: Wieża Górnośląska w Poznaniu
context_page_description: Expressionist architecture was an architectural movement in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts that especially developed and dominated in Germany. Brick Expressionism is a special variant of this movement in western and northern Germany and in The Netherlands. Expressionist architecture is one of the three dominant styles of Modern architecture: International Style, Expressionist, and Constructivist architecture.
context_section_description: Publication in Berlin of the journals, Der Sturm by Herwarth Walden and Die Aktion by Franz Pfemfert as counterculture mouthpieces against the Deutscher Werkbund.
  1911
  Hans Poelzig sets up practice in Breslau. Designs a water tower for Posen (now: Poznań, Poland), described by Kenneth Frampton as a certain Die Stadtkrone image, and an office building which led to the architectural format of Erich Mendelsohn's later Berliner "Mosse-Haus" in 1921.
  Wassily Kandinsky resigns chairmanship of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München.
  Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer (architect) build the Fagus Factory, Alfeld an der Leine.
  Der Blaue Reiter forms and has first exhibits in Munich, and Berlin
  1912
  Hans Poelzig designs a chemical plant in Luboń with strongly expressively articulated brick massing.
  Wassily Kandinsky publishes Über das Geistige in der Kunst, ("Concerning the Spiritual in Art")
  Work of the Amsterdam School starts with the cooperative-commercial Scheepvaarthuis (Shipping House), designed by Johan van der Mey
  1913
  Michel de Klerk starts work on the first of three apartment buildings at Spaarndammerplantsoen, Amsterdam the last to be completed in 1921.
  Rudolf Steiner commences work on the first Goetheanum. Work is completed in 1919.
  Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint wins design competition for Grundtvig's Church in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  1914
   
  Paul Scheerbart publishes Glasarchitecktur
  Cologne Werkbund exhibition demonstrates ideological split between:
  Normative form (Typisierung) – Behrens, Muthesius, and,
  Individualists – Taut, van de Velde, Gropius
  1915
  Death of Paul Scheerbart.
  Franz Kafka publishes The Metamorphosis
  1917
  Michel de Klerk starts building the Het Schip the third and most accomplished apartment buildings at Spaarndammerplantsoen, for the Eigen Haard development company in Amesterdam . Work is completed in 1921.
  Bruno Taut publishes Alpine architecture.
  1918
  Adolf Behne expands the socio-cultural implications Scheerbarts writings about glass.
  Armistice – Republican revolution in Germany. Social Democrats form Workers and Soldiers Councils. General strikes.
  Free expression of the Amsterdam School elucidated in the Wendingen (Changes) magazine.
  November – Arbeitsrat für Kunst (Worker's Council for the Arts), founded by Bruno Taut and Adolf Behne. They model themselves consciously on the Soviets and attach a leftist programme to their Utopian and Expressionist activities. They demand; 1. A spiritual revolution to accompany the political one. 2. Architects to form ‘Corporations’ bound by ‘mutual aid’.
  November – Novembergruppe formed only to merge with Arbeitsrat für Kunst the following month. It proclaims; 1. Creation of collective art works. 2. Mass housing. 3. The destruction of artistically valueless monuments (This was a common reaction of the Avant Garde against the elitist militarism that was perceived as the cause of World War I).
  December – Arbeitsrat für Kunst declares its basic aims in Bruno Tauts Architeckturprogramm. It calls for a new 'total work of art', to be created with active participation of the people.
  Bruno Taut publishes Die Stadtkrone.
  1919
  Spring manifesto of Arbeitsrat für Kunst is published. Art for the masses. Alliance of the arts under the wing of architecture. 50 artists, architects and patrons join led by Bruno Taut, Walter Gropius and Adolf Behne.
  April – Erich Mendelsohn, Hannes Meyer, Bernard Hoetger, Max Taut and Otto Bartning stage exhibition called 'An Exhibition of Unknown Architects'. Walter Gropius writes the introduction, now considered to be a first draft for the Bauhaus programme published later in the month. Called for a ‘Cathedral of the Future’, to unify the creative energy of society as in the Middle Ages.
  Bauhaus established and begins expressionist phase, to last until 1923.
  Adolf Behne publishes Ja! Stimmen des Arbeitsrates für Kunst in Berlin (Yes! Voices from the art Soviet in Berlin).
  Spartacist revolt ends the overt activities of Arbeitsrat für Kunst. The group starts the first Utopian letter of the Glass Chain by Bruno Taut. They are joined by previously peripheral a
caption: Water tower in Poznań by Hans Poelzig
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