page_title: Stocking frame
section_title: Description
hierarchical_section_title: Stocking frame / Description
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Maschenbildung mit Spitzennadeln
context_page_description: A stocking frame was a mechanical knitting machine used in the textiles industry. It was invented by William Lee of Calverton near Nottingham in 1589. Its use, known traditionally as framework knitting, was the first major stage in the mechanisation of the textile industry, and played an important part in the early history of the Industrial Revolution. It was adapted to knit cotton and to do ribbing, and by 1800 had been adapted as a lace making machine.
context_section_description: Lee's machine consisted of a stout wooden frame. It did straight knitting, not tubular knitting. It had a separate needle for each loop - these were low carbon steel bearded needles where the tips were reflexed and could be depressed onto a hollow, closing the loop. The needles were supported on a needle bar that passed back and forth, to and from the operator. The beards were simultaneously depressed by a presser bar. The first machine had eight needles per inch and was suitable for worsted. The next version had 16 needles per inch and was suitable for silk.
  The mechanical movements:
  The needle bar goes forward; the open needles clear the web.
  The weft thread is laid on the needles; the jack sinkers descend and form loops.
  The weft thread is pushed down by the divider bar.
  The jack sinkers come forward pulling the thread into the beard of the open needles.
  The presser bar drops, the needle loops close and the old row of stitches is drawn off the needle.
  The jack sinkers come down in front of the knitting and pull it up so the process can begin again.
caption: Six stages in the knitting machine cycle
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