page_title: Conservation and restoration of panel paintings
section_title: Surface and painting
hierarchical_section_title: Conservation and restoration of panel paintings / Treatments / Surface and painting
caption_attribution_description: English: After Robert Hooke had finished his education and secured his doctorate at Christ Church, Oxford, he assisted Robert Boyle in his work. Robert Hooke is setting up an experiment using the air pump he designed and made. It is taking place at the rear of an apothecary’s shop in Oxford owned by Dr. Cross. Hooke is fitting on the glass globe while Boyle supervises. The artist has used Hooke's own working drawing of the air pump for accuracy.
context_page_description: The conservation and restoration of panel paintings involves working with an object that is composed of two media: wood and paint. The process of conservation and restoration of paintings on canvas is different from that of panel paintings. In the United States, it is recommended that conservation practices follow the "Code of Ethics" set by the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
context_section_description: The conservation of paintings varies for the different types of oil, acrylic and fresco paintings. These techniques include cleaning, removal and replacement of degraded varnish and the restoration of paint losses. The Tate Museum described that "Cleaning is a particularly delicate and demanding part of conserving and restoring paintings. Layers of dirt, discoloured varnish and old restorations that may be disfiguring or obscuring parts of the composition are painstakingly removed."
  The evolution of modern paints, that can be used in panel paintings, has contributed to facilitate conservation. "The introduction of synthetic binders—most notably acrylic, alkyd, polyvinyl acetate, and nitrocellulose—has resulted in paints that exhibit fast drying times, reduced yellowing tendencies, a vast range of appearances and handling properties and, in the case of emulsion formulations, great flexibility and the elimination of organic solvents as thinners and diluents.
caption: The Scientists by Rita Greer, 2007
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