page_title: Russian Empire–United States relations
section_title: 1880–1918
hierarchical_section_title: Russian Empire–United States relations / 1880–1918
caption_attribution_description: English: Herman S. Shapiro. "Kishinever shekhita, elegie" [Kishinev Massacre Elegy]. New York: Asna Goldberg, 1904. Irene Heskes Collection. The illustration in the center of this elegy depicts the April 1903 Kishinev massacre. Русский: Иллюстрация в центре афиши изображает Кишинёвский погром 1903 года.
context_page_description: The relations between the Russian Empire and the United States of America predate the Soviet Union–United States relations and the Russia–United States relations. Relations between the two countries were established in 1776.
context_section_description: From 1880 to 1917, about 3.2 million immigrants arrived in the U.S. from the Russian Empire.  Most were Jews or Poles; only 100,000 were ethnic Russians. Meanwhile large numbers of minorities-– especially Jews, Poles, and Lithuanians emigrated to the United States before 1914.  Few ethnic Russians emigrated. Relations remained cool, especially because of the repeated pogroms, although there was no antagonism against Russia among American public due to close relations between two governments.
caption: Herman S. Shapiro. "Kishinever shekhita, elegie" [Kishinev Massacre Elegy]. Sheet music cover, New York: 1904.
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