page_title: Self-supply of water and sanitation
section_title: Manually drilled wells
hierarchical_section_title: Self-supply of water and sanitation / Approaches for water supply / Manually drilled wells
caption_attribution_description: English: Mzuzu Drilling
context_page_description: Self-supply of water and sanitation refers to an approach of incremental improvements to water and sanitation services, which are mainly financed by the user. People around the world have been using this approach over centuries to incrementally upgrade their water and sanitation services. The approach does not refer to a specific technology or type of water source or sanitation service although it does have to be feasible to use and construct at a low cost and mostly using tools locally available. The approach is rather about an incremental improvement of these services. It is a market-based approach and commonly does not involve product subsidies.
  "Self-supply" is different from "supported self-supply." The first term refers to situations where people improving their water and sanitation services on their own. "Supported self-supply" refers to a deliberately guided process, usually by a government agency or a non-governmental organization. Many examples of self-supply taking off in a short time come from situations where government-led service provision broke down.
context_section_description: A wide range of manual well drilling technology exist in developing countries.  Manually driven tube wells are ubiquitous on the coasts of Madagascar. EMAS in Bolivia uses a hybrid percussion-jetting-rotation manual drilling method for the installation of tube wells.  Hand-auger drilling is common in Niger where it has been used for the past 30 years. The Manual Drilling Compendium gives a good overview of the status of these technologies worldwide.
caption: Manual drilling using the "Mzuzu" method
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