page_title: 2012 Kermadec Islands eruption
section_title: Pumice raft
hierarchical_section_title: 2012 Kermadec Islands eruption / Pumice raft
caption_attribution_description: English: Image of Kermadec Island pumice raft, 12 August 2012
context_page_description: The 2012 Kermadec Islands eruption was a major undersea volcanic eruption that was produced by the previously little-known Havre Seamount near the L'Esperance and L'Havre Rocks in the Kermadec Islands of New Zealand. The large volume of low density pumice produced by the eruption accumulated as a large area of floating pumice, a pumice raft, that was originally covering a surface of 400 square kilometres, spread to a continuous float of between 19,000 and 26,000 square kilometres and within three months dispersed to an area of more than twice the size of New Zealand.
  The thickness of the raft may initially have been as high as 3.5 metres and was reduced to around 0.5 metres within a month.
  Three months after the eruption, the mass had dispersed into very dilute rafts and ribbons of floating pumice clasts. Most pumice clasts became waterlogged and sank to the sea floor while some flocks have stranded in the Tonga islands, on the northern shores of New Zealand, and eventually on the eastern coast of Australia one year after the eruption.
context_section_description: Scientists were not aware that any eruption had occurred until a huge pumice raft was sighted and photographed at 14:40 NZST on 31 July 2012 by Maggie de Grauw while on a commercial flight from Faleolo, Samoa to Auckland, New Zealand. She emailed her pictures to Dr Scott Bryan, senior research fellow at Queensland University of Technology. After discussion it was ascertained that the raft was around 1,000 kilometres (620 miles) north of Auckland. Bryan then contacted Olivier Hyvernaud from the Laboratoire de Géophysique, Tahiti, who confirmed the location from Terra/MODIS imagery from NASA. The raft was subsequently sighted by members of the New Zealand Defence Force on 9 August 2012—several weeks after the eruption had occurred. It was spotted by an Orion aircraft and then approached and sampled by the strategic sealift ship HMNZS Canterbury. The pumice raft measured approximately 480 kilometres (300 mi) in length and more than 48 kilometres (30 mi) in width, making the floating island larger in surface area than Israel. An officer in the Royal Australian Navy said that it was "the weirdest thing [he had] seen in 18 years at sea".
caption: Kermadec Islands pumice raft on 12 August 2012. Raft can be seen as fibrous tendrils primarily in lower right quadrant; Raoul Island can be seen as green dot near upper right.
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