page_title: History of Hungary
section_title: Conquest and early principality (895–1000)
hierarchical_section_title: History of Hungary / Medieval Hungary / Conquest and early principality (895–1000)
caption_attribution_description: English: Miniature of St. Istvan, first king of HungaryMagyar: Képes krónika miniatúra»S«&#160;iniciáléban István király hadi díszben. Kék háttér előtt, sziklás talajon áll a harcos király, férfikora teljében. Lábán barna, aranypettyes lábvért, páncélingét piros-fehér csíkozású ruha borítja. Glóriás fején királyi korona, jobbjában zászlót, baljában pajzsot tart, mindkettőn az apostoli király voltát jelképező kettőskereszt hármashalmos címer. A krónika szövege nem említi, de a miniátor nyilván tudta, hogy I. István nemcsak koronát, hanem az apostoli hivatást jelképező keresztet is kapott a pápától. Lapszéldísz.
context_page_description: Hungary in its modern borders roughly corresponds to the Great Hungarian Plain.
  During the Iron Age, it was at the boundary of Celtic, Illyrian and Iranian cultural spheres.
  The name "Pannonian" comes from Pannonia, a province of the Roman Empire. Only the western part of the territory of modern Hungary formed part of the ancient Roman Province of Pannonia. The
  Roman control collapsed with the Hunnic invasions of 370–410 and Pannonia was part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom during the late 5th to mid 6th century, succeeded by the Avar Khaganate.civil
  The Magyar invasion takes place during the 9th century.
  The Magyars were Christianized at the end of the 10th century, and the Christian Kingdom of Hungary was established in AD 1000,
  ruled by the Árpád dynasty for the following three centuries.
  In the high medieval period, the kingdom expanded beyond Pannonia, to the Adriatic coast. In 1241 during the reign of Béla IV, Hungary was invaded by the Mongols under Batu Khan. The outnumbered Hungarians were decisively defeated at the Battle of Mohi by the Mongol army. King Béla fled to the Holy Roman Empire and left the Hungarian population under the mercy of the Mongols.
context_section_description: The Magyar conquest begins at the very end of the 9th century, in a series of raids during 892–895.
  An armed conflict between Bulgaria and the nomadic Hungarians forced the latter to depart from the Pontic steppes and began the conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 895.
  The Magyars (Hungarians) had destroyed Great Moravia and firmly established themselves in the Pannonian Basin by 907.
  The name Hungary derives from the designation Οὔγγροι for the Magyars, first recorded in Byzantine sources of the 9th century (in the 10th century as Latin Ungarii). 
  The initial H- is a non-phonemic addition made in Middle Latin, first used in the late 12th century. The name is thought to ultimately reflect a Byzantine loan of the Old Bulgarian ągrinŭ, itself from 
  the Old Turkic name of the On-Oğur ("ten tribes") confederation. During the Middle Ages, Byzantine sources also referred to the Magyar state as Tourkía (Greek: Τουρκία).
  Árpád was the leader who unified the Magyar tribes via the Covenant of Blood (Hungarian: Vérszerződés), forging what was thereafter known as the Hungarian nation.
  He led the new nation to the Carpathian Basin in the 9th century. Between 895 and 902 the whole area of the Carpathian Basin was conquered by the Hungarians.
   An early Hungarian state was formed in this territory in 895. The military power of the nation allowed the Hungarians to conduct successful fierce campaigns and raids as far as the territories of modern Spain. A defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 signaled an end to raids on western territories, although they continued into lands controlled by the Byzantine Empire until 970, and links between the tribes weakened. Prince (fejedelem) Géza of the Árpád dynasty, who ruled only part of the united territory, was the nominal overlord of all seven Magyar tribes. He aimed to integrate Hungary into Christian Western Europe by rebuilding the state according to the Western political and social models.
  Géza established a dynasty by naming his son Vajk (later King Stephen I of Hungary) as his successor. This decision was contrary to the dominant tradition of the time to have the eldest surviving member of the ruling family succeed the incumbent. (See:agnatic seniority) By ancestral right, Prince Koppány, the oldest member of the dynasty, should have claimed the throne, but Géza chose his first-born son to be his successor instead. Koppány did not relinquish his ancestral rights without a fight. After Géza's death in 997, Koppány took up arms, and many subjects in Transdanubia joined him. The rebels claimed to represent the old political order, ancient human rights, tribal independence and pagan belief. They did not prevail. Stephen won a decisive victory over his uncle Koppány and had him executed.
caption: King Stephen I of Hungary, patron saint of Kings (from the Chronicon Hungariae Pictum).
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