page_title: Interventional cardiology
section_title: Procedures
hierarchical_section_title: Interventional cardiology / Procedures
caption_attribution_description: English: 3D Medical Animation still shot of procedure of Percutaneous coronary intervention (formerly known as angioplasty with stent)
context_page_description: Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases. Andreas Gruentzig is considered the father of interventional cardiology after the development of angioplasty by interventional radiologist Charles Dotter.
  Many procedures can be performed on the heart by catheterization. This most commonly involves the insertion of a sheath into the femoral artery and cannulating the heart under X-ray visualization. The radial artery may also be used for cannulation; this approach offers several advantages, including the accessibility of the artery in most patients, the easy control of bleeding even in anticoagulated patients, the enhancement of comfort because patients are capable of sitting up and walking immediately following the procedure, and the near absence of clinically significant sequelae in patients with a normal Allen test. Downsides to this approach include spasm of the artery and pain, inability to use larger catheters needed in some procedures, and more radiation exposure.
context_section_description: Angioplasty
  is an intervention to dilate either arteries or veins.
  Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI/Coronary angioplasty)
  the use of angioplasty for the treatment of obstruction of coronary arteries as a result of coronary artery disease. A deflated balloon catheter is advanced into the obstructed artery and inflated to relieve the narrowing; certain devices such as coronary stents can be deployed to keep the blood vessel open. Various other procedures can also be performed at the same time. After a heart attack, it can be restricted to the culprit vessel (the one whose obstruction or thrombosis is suspected of causing the event) or complete revascularization; complete revascularization is more efficacious in terms of major adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality.
  PCI is also used in people after other forms of myocardial infarction or unstable angina where there is a high risk of further events. The use of PCI in addition to anti-angina medication in stable angina  may reduce the number of patients with angina attacks for up to 3 years following the therapy, but it does not reduce the risk of death, future myocardial infarction, or need for other interventions.
  Valvuloplasty
  It is the dilation of narrowed cardiac valves (usually mitral, aortic, or pulmonary).
  Congenital heart defect correction
  Percutaneous approaches can be employed to correct atrial septal and ventricular septal defects, closure of a patent ductus arteriosus, and angioplasty of the great vessels.
  Percutaneous valve replacement
  An alternative to open heart surgery, percutaneous valve replacement is the replacement of a heart valve using percutaneous methods. This is performed on the aortic valve (percutaneous aortic valve replacement/TAVI procedure), pulmonary valve and recently the mitral valve
  Percutaneous valve repair
  An alternative to open heart surgery, percutaneous valve repair is performed on the mitral valve using the MONARC system or MitraClip system
  Coronary thrombectomy
  Coronary thrombectomy involves the removal of a thrombus (blood clot) from the coronary arteries.
  Open heart surgery of the heart is performed by a cardiothoracic surgeon. Some interventional cardiology procedures are performed in conjunction with a cardiothoracic surgeon.
caption: 3D Medical Animation still shot of Percutaneous coronary intervention
exif: {}