page_title: List of female scientists before the 20th century
section_title: 18th century
hierarchical_section_title: List of female scientists before the 20th century / 18th century
caption_attribution_description: Depicted person&#58; &#32;Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquise du Châtelet (1706-1749), French mathematician and physicist
context_page_description: This is a historical list, intended to deal with the time period where it is believed that women working in science were rare. For this reason, this list ends with the 20th century.
context_section_description: Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799), Italian mathematician
  Geneviève Charlotte d'Arconville (1720–1805), French anatomist
  Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen (1751–1827), German astronomer
  Maria Angela Ardinghelli (1728–1825), Italian mathematician and physicist
  Sarah Sophia Banks (1744–1818), British natural history collector
  Giuseppa Barbapiccola (c. 1702–1740), natural philosopher, translator
  Jeanne Baret (1740–1807), French circumnavigator and botanist
  Laura Bassi (1711–1778), Italian physicist
  Marie Marguerite Bihéron (1719–1795), French anatomist
  Celia Grillo Borromeo (1684–1777), Italian natural philosopher
  Jacoba van den Brande (1735–1794), Dutch founder of first all-female science academy
  Maria Christina Bruhn (1732–1808), Swedish inventor
  Margaret Bryan (c. 1760–1815), British natural philosopher
  Elsa Beata Bunge (1734–1819), Swedish botanist
  Lydia Byam (fl. 1797–1800), naturalist
  María Andrea Casamayor (1700–1780), Spanish mathematician
  Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749), French mathematician and physicist
  Maria Medina Coeli (1764–1846), Italian physician
  Jane Colden (1724–1766), American biologist
  Rosalie de Constant (1758-1834), Swiss naturalist
  Angélique du Coudray (1712–1794), French midwife
  Maria Dalle Donne (1778–1842), Italian physician
  Eva Ekeblad (1724–1786), Swedish agronomist
  Dorothea Erxleben (1715–1762), German physician
  Charlotta Frölich (1698–1770), Swedish agronomist and historian
  Elizabeth Fulhame (fl. 1794), British chemist
  Lucia Galeazzi Galvani (1743–1788), Italian physician
  Sophie Germain (1776–1831), elasticity theory, number theory
  Clelia Durazzo Grimaldi (1760–1830), Italian botanist
  Catherine Littlefield Greene (1755–1814), American inventor
  Salomée Halpir (1718-fl. 1763), Lithuanian oculist
  Caroline Herschel (1750–1848), German-British astronomer
  Catherine Jérémie (1664–1744), French-Canadian botanist
  Christine Kirch (1696–1782), German astronomer
  Margaretha Kirch (1703–1744), German astronomer
  Maria Margarethe Kirch (1670–1720), German astronomer
  Marie Lachapelle (1769–1821), French midwife
  Marie-Jeanne de Lalande (1760–1832), French astronomer
  Marie Paulze Lavoisier (1758–1836), French chemist and illustrator
  Nicole-Reine Lepaute (1723–1792), French astronomer
  Elisabeth Christina von Linné (1743–1782), Swedish botanist
  Martha Daniell Logan (1704–1779), American horticulturalist
  Eliza Lucas (1722–1793), American agronomist and indigo dye pioneer
  Maria Lullin (1750–1831), Swiss entomologist
  Catharine Macaulay (1731–1791), British social scientist
  Anna Morandi Manzolini (1716–1774), Italian physician and anatomist
  Marie Le Masson Le Golft (1750–1826), French naturalist
  Sybilla Masters (1675–1720), patent for a corn mill
  Lady Anne Monson (1726–1776), English botanist
  Maria Petraccini (1759–1791), Italian anatomist and physician
  Zaffira Peretti (fl. 1780), Italian anatomist and physician
  Claudine Picardet (1735–1820) French chemist, mineralogist and meteorologist
  Louise du Pierry (1746–1807), French astronomer
  Marie Anne Victoire Pigeon (1724–1767), French mathematician
  Faustina Pignatelli (1705–1785), Italian physicist
  Anna Barbara Reinhart (1730–1796), Swiss mathematician
  Cristina Roccati (1732–1797), Italian physics teacher
  Clotilde Tambroni (1758–1817), Italian philologist and linguistic
  Petronella Johanna de Timmerman (1723–1786), Dutch scientist
  Wang Zhenyi (1768–1797), Chinese astronomer
caption: Portrait of Émilie du Châtelet by Maurice Quentin de La Tour
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