page_title: Streptococcus
section_title: Genomics
hierarchical_section_title: Streptococcus / Genomics
caption_attribution_description: English: Shared and unshared genes among Streptococcus sanguinis, S. mutans, and S. pneumoniae
context_page_description: Streptococcus is a genus of gram-positive coccus or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales, in the phylum Firmicutes. Cell division in streptococci occurs along a single axis, so as they grow, they tend to form pairs or chains that may appear bent or twisted.
  The term was coined in 1877 by Viennese surgeon Albert Theodor Billroth, by combining the prefix "strepto-", together with the suffix "-coccus"
  Most streptococci are oxidase-negative and catalase-negative, and many are facultative anaerobes.
  In 1984, many bacteria formerly grouped in the genus Streptococcus were separated out into the genera Enterococcus and Lactococcus. Currently, over 50 species are recognised in this genus. This genus has been found to be part of the salivary microbiome.
context_section_description: The genomes of hundreds of species have been sequenced. Most Streptococcus genomes are 1.8 to 2.3 Mb in size and encode 1,700 to 2,300 proteins. Some important genomes are listed in the table. The four species shown in the table (S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and S. mutans) have an average pairwise protein sequence identity of about 70%.
caption: Common and species-specific genes among Streptococcus sanguinis, S. mutans, and S. pneumoniae. Modified after Xu et al. (2007)[25]
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