page_title: Gibran (crater)
hierarchical_section_title: Gibran (crater)
caption_attribution_description: English: Date Acquired: January 14, 2008 Instrument: Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) of the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) Resolution: 510 meters/pixel (0.32 miles/pixel) Scale: The central impact crater Gibran, with a pit crater on its floor, is 102 kilometers (63 miles) in diameter. Location: 35.5°N, 249.1°E Projection: This image is an orthographic reprojection created from NAC images taken as MESSENGER approached Mercury during its first flyby. Of Interest: The newly named crater Gibran, located at the center of this image, contains a large, nearly circular pit crater, identified with the white arrow. Multiple examples of pit craters have been observed on Mercury on the floors of impact craters, leading to the name pit-floor craters for the impact structures that host these features. Unlike impact craters, pit craters are rimless, often irregularly shaped, steep-sided, and display no associated ejecta or lava flows. These pit craters are thought to be evidence of shallow volcanic activity and may have formed when retreating magma caused an unsupported area of the surface to collapse, creating a pit. Pit-floor craters may provide an indication of internal igneous processes where other evidence of volcanic processes is absent or ambiguous. The discovery of multiple pit-floor craters augments a growing body of evidence that volcanic activity has been a widespread process in the geologic evolution of Mercury's crust.
context_page_description: Gibran is a crater on Mercury and is in the east of the Shakespeare quadrangle. It was named after Lebanese-American poet Khalil Gibran. It has a diameter of 102 km. Gibran is located east of the rayed crater of Degas and nearby Damer.
  The crater was discovered in January 2008 during the first flyby of the planet by the MESSENGER spacecraft. It contains a large, nearly circular pit crater. Multiple examples of pit craters have been observed on Mercury on the floors of impact craters, leading to the name pit-floor craters for the impact structures that host these features. Unlike impact craters, pit craters are rimless, often irregularly shaped, steep-sided, and often display no associated ejecta or lava flows. These pit craters are thought to be evidence of shallow volcanic activity and may have formed when retreating magma caused an unsupported area of the surface to collapse, creating a pit. They are analogs of Earth's volcanic calderas. Pit-floor craters may provide an indication of internal igneous processes where other evidence of volcanic processes is absent or ambiguous.
context_section_description: Gibran is a crater on Mercury and is in the east of the Shakespeare quadrangle. It was named after Lebanese-American poet Khalil Gibran. It has a diameter of 102 km. Gibran is located east of the rayed crater of Degas and nearby Damer.
  The crater was discovered in January 2008 during the first flyby of the planet by the MESSENGER spacecraft. It contains a large (29 × 29 km), nearly circular pit crater. Multiple examples of pit craters have been observed on Mercury on the floors of impact craters, leading to the name pit-floor craters for the impact structures that host these features. Unlike impact craters, pit craters are rimless, often irregularly shaped, steep-sided, and often display no associated ejecta or lava flows. These pit craters are thought to be evidence of shallow volcanic activity and may have formed when retreating magma caused an unsupported area of the surface to collapse, creating a pit. They are analogs of Earth's volcanic calderas. Pit-floor craters may provide an indication of internal igneous processes where other evidence of volcanic processes is absent or ambiguous. The discovery of multiple pit-floor craters augments evidence that volcanic activity has been a widespread process in the geologic evolution of Mercury's crust.
caption: Arrow indicates pit crater within Gibran
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