page_title: Max Samuel
section_title: Last years in Britain
hierarchical_section_title: Max Samuel / Life / Last years in Britain
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Die Paterson Street Mill, auch Rockliffe Mill, zwischen Paterson Street und Leeds and Liverpool Canal, inzwischen abgebrochen. Erbaut 1851-52 durch James und A. W. Paterson als Weberei mit anfangs 337 Webstühlen angetrieben von einer 25-PS-Maschine. A. W. Patersons Stiefvater, David Nichol, führte das Werk in den 1860er Jahren und ging 1868 bankrott. R. W. Hutchinson erwarb die Liegenschaft 1870 und betrieb darin die Rockcliffe Cloth Co. mit Weberei und zusätzlich einer Spinnerei mit 15'998 Spindeln. Die Weberei wurde 1887 an George Holden verpachtet, Hutchinson ging 1890 mit der Spinnerei pleite und statt ihrer zog eine chemische Fabrik ein. Die Weberei wurde in den 1890er Jahren ausgebaut auf 648 Webstühle. Eine neue horizontale Maschine sorgte für den Antrieb. Hergestellt wurden in der Weberei hauptsächlich Batist und Hemdenstoff. George Holden Ltd. produzierte bis zur Schließung 1955. Der Bau hatte Keller, Parterre und ersten Stock, das backsteinerne Lagerhaus mit Garnfertigung mit 16 Achsen zur Paterson Street, die Weberei schloss am Ostgiebel an. Die EMSA Works &amp; Herbert Foot Appliance nutzten 1938 bis 1960 die untere Etage im Lagerhaus zur Paterson Street.
context_page_description: Max Samuel was a businessman and self-made man, founder and managing-director of the EMSA-Werke, chair of the Jewish congregation in Rostock and head deputy of the Israelite Upper Council of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
context_section_description: Among the Samuel family the three Kaisers were the first to find a new home in Britain, a house near Corporation Park, Blackburn, taking in Ilse Samuel and in the course of 1939 Hermann Kaiser's parents Simon Kaiser (1876–1950) and Fanny Wertheim (1875–1948) from Mardorf in Hesse, their other son Hugo, daughter-in-law Dinah and the latters' twin sons, while Herbert first stayed in London preparing the move of the company office. Max Samuel first lived in a hotel in Blackburn until in 1939 he found a house on 2, Azalea Road to move in with Julie and Hermann Geßner, having arrived in Britain after a two day journey on 30 June 1939, first staying with the Kaisers. By the time of the British 1939 National Registration also Hoffmann lived with Max Samuel.
   
  Kate, her husband, and their daughter left in January 1940 for Tulsa, Oklahoma, receiving Affidavits of Support and Sponsorship by the Kaisers' relatives there. Soon after, the German and Soviet invasion of Poland had been followed by the German occupation of much of western and central Europe and the Soviet occupation of much of eastern Europe. The British government, alone in its military resistance to Nazi Germany, ordered the internment of enemy aliens. Hugo Kaiser was interned and only released shortly before emigrating with his wife to Tulsa in May 1940, while Herbert Samuel was spared from internment on the grounds of his task as business manager and Max Samuel due to his bad heart condition. 
  On 16 May 1940 a fire broke out in the rooms of Lancashire Manufacturers Ltd. on the floor above the EMSA-works in the Paterson Street Mill premises, with Herbert and Max Samuel racing to help, fighting damages by leaking quench water with machinery and stocks of the EMSA-Works, while Hermann Geßner attended his dying wife at the Herbert's and Ilse's, then on Barker Lane. 
   
  In his last years in Britain Max Samuel became very gloomy, melancholic, and pessimistic. Denaturalised, like about 250,000 other Jewish Germans, by a German decree issued on 25 November 1941, Max Samuel remained stateless until his death. Not long before his death he received the information about the birth of his grandson George Kaiser. Max Samuel died in Blackburn at the age of 59. He was buried in the Jewish section of the Blackburn Old Cemetery. The Friends of Blackburn Old Cemetery take care of his grave and those of his relatives (brother-in-law Geßner and the latter's two wives) buried in the same cemetery.
caption: Blackburn: Cotton Mill on Paterson Street, EMSA was on the ground floor, by 2012
exif: {}