page_title: Krishnasami Venkataraman
section_title: Biography
hierarchical_section_title: Krishnasami Venkataraman / Biography
caption_attribution_description: English: Morus alba - Tehranفارسی: یک درختچه توت سفید در تهران
context_page_description: Krishnaswami Venkataraman FRS, popularly known as KV, was an Indian organic chemist and the first Indian director at National Chemical Laboratory and University Department of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. He was known for the demonstration of an organic chemical reaction involving 2-acetoxyacetophenones which later came to be known as the Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement and for his contributions in developing NCL into one of the leading research centres in organic chemistry. He was an elected fellow of several science academies which included the Royal Society of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, USSR Academy of Sciences, Chemical Society, Prussian Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Indian Academy of Sciences, and Indian National Science Academy. The Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan, the third highest Indian civilian award, in 1961.
context_section_description: Krishnaswami Venkataraman was born on 7 June 1901 in Madras (present-day Chennai), in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu, to P. S. Krishnaswami, a civil engineer, Sanskrit scholar and the translator of Valmiki Ramayana into Tamil, as the middle-born of his three sons. His brothers were K. Swaminathan, a professor of English who was the chief editor of the collected works of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Krishnaswami Srinivas Sanjivi, a noted medical doctor who founded Voluntary Health Services and is considered by many to be the father of the primary health care movement in India. He studied chemistry at Presidency College, Madras and obtained his MA from Madras University in 1923. Subsequently, he moved to England where he joined the University of Manchester on a scholarship from the Government of Tamil Nadu and obtained MSc (Tech) in colour chemistry. He remained in England for his doctoral research, along with another noted chemist, T. R. Seshadri, at the laboratory of Robert Robinson which earned him a PhD and later a DSc from the University of Manchester.
  On his return to India in 1927, he worked at the Indian Institute of Science as a research fellow for almost a year and in 1928, joined Forman Christian College, Lahore (then part of undivided India). He stayed in Lahore until 1934 when he joined the then newly formed University Department of Chemical Technology (UDCT-present-day Institute of Chemical Technology) of the University of Bombay as a reader and became a full Professor of Chemical Engineering in 1936. In 1938, he was appointed as the head of the department and as the director in 1943, thus becoming the first Indian director of the Institute. After retiring from UDCT in 1957, he became the third director of the National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, the first Indian director to hold the post. He served as the director of NCL until 1966, but continued his association with the laboratory eve after his retirement.
  Venkataraman married Shakunthala at the age of nineteen when his bride was only fourteen. The couple had one daughter, Dharma Kumar, who went on to become a noted economic historian. Lovraj Kumar, an Indian civil servant and a former secretary of the ministries of Petroleum and Steel, was his son-in-law and Radha Kumar, a noted author, historian, feminist and academic was his granddaughter. Venkataraman died on 12 May 1981 at New Delhi, survived by his wife and daughter.
caption: Morus alba
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