page_title: Van 't Hoff equation
section_title: Endothermic reactions
hierarchical_section_title: Van 't Hoff equation / van 't Hoff plot / Endothermic reactions
caption_attribution_description: English: Van't Hoff plot for an endothermic reaction.
context_page_description: The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, Keq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, ΔH⊖, for the process. It was proposed by Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff in 1884 in his book Études de dynamique chimique. This equation is sometimes also referred to as the Vukančić–Vuković equation.
  The van 't Hoff equation has been widely utilized to explore the changes in state functions in a thermodynamic system. The van 't Hoff plot, which is derived from this equation, is especially effective in estimating the change in enthalpy, or total energy, and entropy, or number of accessible microstates, of a chemical reaction.
context_section_description: For an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed, making the net enthalpy change positive. Thus, according to the definition of the slope:
  for an endothermic reaction, ΔH > 0 (and the gas constant R > 0), so
  Thus, for an endothermic reaction, the van 't Hoff plot should always have a negative slope.
caption: van 't Hoff plot for an endothermic reaction
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