page_title: Edwin Ginn
section_title: Peace movement
hierarchical_section_title: Edwin Ginn / Peace movement
caption_attribution_description: English: Twelve-inch globe manufactured by the textbook firm of Ginn and Heath, with a mounting system of vertical rings patented by Ellen Fitz of New Brunswick Author: Fitz, Ellen Eliza Publisher: Ginn &amp; Heath Date: [1879] Scale: Scale [ca. 1:80,000,000] Call Number: G3170 1879.F6 Designed for educators to use in the classroom, this twelve-inch globe was published in Boston by the textbook firm of Ginn and Heath. A special feature of this globe is its mounting with two vertical rings showing the changing daylight, twilight and nighttime hours any place on the Earth. The mounting system of vertical rings was patented by Ellen Fitz, a governess from New Brunswick. She was the first women involved in the design and manufacturing of globes. The actual globes that were used with the Fitz mountings were fairly standard mid-19th century globes, derived from the ones published by Gilman Joslin of Boston or W. &amp; A.K. Johnston of Edinburgh. By the third quarter of the 19th century, the outlines and interiors of all the major land masses, except Greenland and Antarctica, had been fairly well explored and mapped. In promoting the study of physical geography, the globe also shows ocean currents (white lines) and average isotherms (lines of equal temperature) for January (blue lines) and July (red lines). The globe's mounting, which was Fitz's unique contribution to this educational tool, was designed to help students understand the effects of the Earth's daily rotation on its axis and yearly revolution around the Sun, with regard to daylight, twilight, and nighttime. By turning the globe's base in relation to the pointer representing the Sun's vertical ray, it is possible to observe these changes through the seasons. Zoom into this photograph at maps.bpl.org.
context_page_description: Edwin Ginn was an American publisher, peace advocate, and philanthropist.
context_section_description: Influenced by Edward Everett Hale, a pastor of Boston's South Congregational Church, Ginn dedicated himself to the cause and the possibility of peace. On July 12, 1910, through a $1 million endowment, Ginn founded the International School of Peace in Boston.  whose purpose was 
  Educating the people of all nations to a full knowledge of the waste and destructiveness of war and of preparation for war, its evil effects on present social conditions and on the wellbeing of future generations, and to promote international justice and the brotherhood of man, and generally by every practical means to promote peace and goodwill among all mankind.
  The School later became the World Peace Foundation.  In 2007,  Robert I. Rotberg published  A Leadership for Peace: How Edwin Ginn Tried to Change the World (ISBN 0804754551).
caption: Globe manufactured by Ginn and Heath in 1879
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "2836", "Image ImageLength": "3788", "Image BitsPerSample": "[8, 8, 8]", "Image Compression": "Uncompressed", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image Make": "Sinar AG", "Image Model": "Sinarback 54 FW, Sinar m", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image XResolution": "600", "Image YResolution": "600", "Image PlanarConfiguration": "1", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CS3 Macintosh", "Image DateTime": "2008:07:10 18:05:30", "Image Artist": "Boston Public Library", "Image ExifOffset": "348", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "486", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "3949", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "1498", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2000"}