page_title: Suriyothai
section_title: First Burmese invasion
hierarchical_section_title: Suriyothai / Life / First Burmese invasion
caption_attribution_description: English: Painting of the Battle between Queen Suriyothai and the Viceroy of Prome in the Burmese-Siamese War of 1548-49. Painted 400 years later. ไทย: "พระสุริโยทัยขาดคอช้าง" จิตรกรรมฝีพระหัตถ์ของสมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ เจ้าฟ้ากรมพระยานริศรานุวัติวงศ์ ประกอบโคลงภาพพระราชพงศาวดาร นับเป็นภาพจิตรกรรมภาพที่ 10 ในบรรดาภาพประกอบโคลงชุดเดียวกันนี้ ในภาพดังกล่าวเล่าเรื่องสมเด็จพระสุริโยทัย (กลาง) ไสช้างเข้าขวางช้างสมเด็จพระมหาจักรพรรดิ (ขวา) ซึ่งกำลังเสียทีช้างพระเจ้าแปร (ซ้าย) ในสงครามพระเจ้าตะเบ็งชเวตี้ เมื่อ พ.ศ. 2091 อนึ่ง หนังสือชุดโคลงภาพพระราชพงศาวดารและภาพจิตรกรรมในชุดดังกล่าว ได้มีการจัดพิมพ์เผยแพร่ครั้งแรกเมื่อพุทธศักราช 2430 โดยพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว โปรดเกล้าฯ ให้พิมพ์พระราชทานในงานพระเมรุ สมเด็จพระเจ้าลูกยาเธอ เจ้าฟ้าพาหุรัดมณีมัย สมเด็จพระเจ้าลูกเธอ เจ้าฟ้าตรีเพชรุตม์ธำรง เจ้าฟ้าศิริราชกกุธภัณฑ์ และพระอรรคชายาเธอ พระองค์เจ้าเสาวภาคนารีรัตน์ จำนวน 1,000 เล่ม[1]
context_page_description: Suriyothai or Mahathewi was a royal queen consort during the 16th century Ayutthaya period of Siam. She is famous for having given up her life in the defense of her husband, King Maha Chakkraphat, in a battle during the Burmese–Siamese War.
  Somdet Phra and Sri, pronounced and often transcribed Si, are her honorifics. Her given name Suriyothai สุริโยทัย means "dawn". It is a compound of Suriya, from Sanskrit surya सूर्य "sun"; plus Uthai from udaya उदय "rising", a cognate of Aurora and Ushas.
context_section_description: The invasion initially met little resistance, as the Burmese force was too large for the small guard posts on the border. Upon hearing of the Burmese invasion, Maha Chakkraphat mobilized his kingdom, then gathered his forces at Suphanburi, a town just west of Ayutthaya. When Tabinshwehti and his Burmese army arrived at the walled town of Kanchanaburi, they found it deserted. The King of Burma then continued his march eastward, capturing the villages of Ban Thuan, Kaphan Tru and Chorakhe Sam Phan. Tabinshwehti divided his army into three columns, the first commanded by Bayinnaung, the second by the Viceroy of Prome, and the third by Yong, the Governor of Bassein. The Burmese continued their advance and captured the ancient town of Uthong as well as the villages of Don Rakhang and Nong Sarai and closed on Suphanburi. When the Burmese attacked the town, the Siamese defenders could not withstand the onslaught and retreated towards Ayutthaya. Tabinshwehti ordered his army southeast along two canals, and crossed the Chao Phraya River near Phong Phaeng. From here he encamped his army directly north of the Siamese capital of Ayutthaya on a field called the Lumpli Plain.
  Maha Chakkraphat left the capital with his forces to engage Tabinshwehti and test Burmese strength. On this occasion, he mounted his chief war elephant. Accompanying him were his Chief Queen, Sri Suriyothai, and one of their young daughters, Princess Boromdhilok, the two riding together on a smaller war elephant. Both royal ladies were dressed in male military attire (helmet and armour), with the queen wearing the uniform of an Uparaja. Also accompanying their father on elephant mounts were two sons, the Uparaja and heir apparent, Prince Ramesuan, and his brother Prince Mahin.
caption: Painting by Prince Narisara Nuvadtivongs, depicting Queen Suriyothai (center) on her elephant putting herself between King Maha Chakkraphat (right) and the Viceroy of Prome (left).
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