page_title: John Todd (Canadian biologist)
section_title: Findhorn Ecovillage, Moray, Scotland
hierarchical_section_title: John Todd (Canadian biologist) / Projects / Findhorn Ecovillage, Moray, Scotland
caption_attribution_description: "Living Machine" waste water treatment plant, located at en:Findhorn Ecovillage, Scotland
context_page_description: John Todd is a biologist working in the general field of ecological design.
  He addresses problems of food production and wastewater processing by using ecosystems technologies that incorporate plants, animals and bacteria. Todd has developed "Arks" or "bioshelters", ecologically closed "life-support systems" with the goal of sustainable functioning. He combines alternative technologies for renewable energy, organic farming, aquaculture, hydroponics and architecture to create "living machines"
  or "eco-machines".
  John Todd is a co-founder with Nancy Jack Todd of the non-profits New Alchemy Institute and Ocean Arks International,
  and the founder and president of the design and engineering firm John Todd Ecological Design Inc.
  A research professor emeritus and distinguished lecturer at the University of Vermont,
  Todd has published books on ecological design, as well as over 200 scientific papers, popular articles and essays.
context_section_description: The first "Living Machine" was created at Findhorn Ecovillage in Moray, Scotland in 1995.  
  For its design, John Todd drew on the work of Käthe Seidel and H.T. Odum. 
  The system had to accommodate wastewater from an ongoing population of about 300 residents, and a seasonally fluctuating population of as many as 10,000 visitors per year. 
  The resulting installation resembles a tropical conservatory garden.
  Every organism provides food for the next step in the food chain until the cycle is complete.
  As a first-generation system, the Findhorn installation has undergone numerous changes.  During its first fifteen years of operation it passed regular quality checks from the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA), and was never out of compliance.
caption: Living Machine, Findhorn Ecovillage, 2006
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