page_title: Flat Earth
hierarchical_section_title: Flat Earth
caption_attribution_description: English: A "flat-Earth" map drawn by Orlando Ferguson in 1893. The main text reads: MAP OF THE SQUARE AND STATIONARY EARTH. BY PROF. ORLANDO FERGUSON, HOT SPRINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA. Four Hundred Passages in the Bible that Condemns the Globe Theory, or the Flying Earth, and None Sustain It. This Map is the Bible Map of the World. Copyright by Orlando Ferguson, 1893. The four corner angels each have the note: Four Angels standing on the Four Corners of the Earth&#8212;Rev. 7: 1. The Orlando Ferguson medallion note reads PROF. ORLANDO FERGUSON, HOT SPRINGS, S. DAKOTA. The Globe Earth medallion note reads These men are flying on the globe at a rate of 65,000 miles per hour around the sun, and 1,042 miles per hour around the center of the earth (in their minds). Think of that speed! The footnote on the left reads: SCRIPTURE THAT CONDEMNS THE GLOBE THEORY &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;And his hands were steady until the going down of the sun&#8212;Ex. 17: 12. And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed.&#8212;Joshua 10: 12&#8211;13. The world also shall be stable that it not be moved.&#8212;Chron. 16: 30. To him that stretched out the earth, and made great lights (not worlds).&#8212;Ps. 136: 6&#8211;7. The sun shall be darkened in his going forth.&#8212;Isaiah 12: 10. The four corners of the Earth.&#8212;Isaiah 11: 12. The whole earth is at rest.&#8212;Isaiah 14: 7. The prophecy concerning the globe theory.&#8212;Isaiah: 29th chapter. Woe to the rebellious children, sayeth the Lord, that take counsel, but not of me.&#8212;Isaiah 30: 1. So the sun returned ten degrees.&#8212;Isaiah 38: 8&#8211;9. It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth.&#8212;Isaiah 40: 22. He that spreads forth the earth.&#8212;Isaiah 52: 5. That spreadeth abroad the earth by myself.&#8212;Isaiah 54: 24. My hand also hath laid the foundation of the earth.&#8212;Isaiah 58: 13. Thus sayeth the Lord, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the moon and stars for a light by night (not worlds).&#8212;Jer. 31: 35&#8211;36. The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood.&#8212;Acts 2: 20. The footnote on the right reads: Send 25 cents to the Author, Prof. Orlando Ferguson, for a book explaining this Square and Stationary Earth. It Knocks the Globe Theory Clean Out. It will Teach You How to Foretell Eclipses. It is Worth Its Weight in Gold. Français&#160;: Traduction des notes présentes sur cette gravure polychrome&#160;: Une carte de la «&#160;terre plate&#160;» tracée par Orlando Fergusson en 1893. Texte principale&#160;: CARTE DE LA TERRE CARRÉE ET STATIONAIRE PAR LE PROF. ORLANDO FERGUSON, À HOT SPRINGS, DANS LE DAKOTA DU SUD. Quatre cent passages de la bible condamnent la théorie du globe, ou de la terre volante, et aucun ne la soutient. Cette carte est la carte biblique du monde. Copyright Orlando Ferguson, 1893. Les quatre anges dans les coins ont chacun la même légende&#160;: Quatre anges se dressent aux quatre coins du monde&#8212;Rev. 7: 1. Légende sous le médaillon d'Orlando Ferguson&#160;: PROF. ORLANDO FERGUSON, HOT SPRINGS, DAKOTA DU SUD. Légende sous le médaillon globe terrestre&#160;: Ces hommes volent sur un globe à la vitesse de 65&#160;000 miles par heure [100&#160;000 km/h] autour du soleil, et à 1&#160;042 miles par heure [1&#160;650 km/h] autour du centre de la terre (dans leur esprit). Imaginez la vitesse! Note de bas de page de gauche&#160;: ÉCRITURES QUI CONDAMNENT LA THÉORIE DU GLOBE TERRESTRE &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Et ses mains travaillaient jusqu'au coucher du soleil&#8212;Ex. 17: 12. Et le soleil s'arrêta, et la lune restait immobile.&#8212;Josué 10: 12&#8211;13. Le monde doit aussi rester stable et ne pas être déplacé.&#8212;Chron. 16: 30. Pour lui qui s'étendait sur la terre, et faisait de grandes lumières (pas des mondes).&#8212;Ps. 136: 6&#8211;7. Le soleil sera noirci dans son parcours.&#8212;Isaïe 12: 10. Les quatre coins de la terre.&#8212;Isaïe 11: 12. Toute la terre est au repos.&#8212;Isaïe 14: 7. La prophétie concernant la théorie du globe.&#8212;Isaïe: 29e chapitre. Malheur aux enfants rebelles, dit le seigneur, qui prennent conseil, mais pas de moi&#8212;Isaïe 30: 1. Le soleil recula de dix degrés.&#8212;Isaïe 38: 8&#8211;9. C'est lui qui est assis au dessus du cercle de la terre.&#8212;Isaïe 40: 22. Lui, qui répand la terre.&#8212;Isaïe 52: 5. Je répands à l'étranger la terre par moi même.&#8212;Isaïe 54: 24. Ma main a aussi posé les fondations de la terre.&#8212;Isaïe 58: 13. Ainsi dit le seigneur, qui donne le soleil pour la lumière du jour, la Lune et les étoiles pour la lumière de la nuit (pas des mondes).&#8212;Jer. 31: 35&#8211;36. Le soleil se transformera en obscurité, et la lune en sang.&#8212;Lois 2: 20. Note de bas de page de droite&#160;: Donnez 25 cents à l'auteur, Prof. Orlando Ferguson, pour un livre qui explique cette terre carrée et stationnaire. Il se débarrasse proprement de la théorie du globe terrestre. Il vous apprendra comment prévoir les éclipses. Il vaut son poids en or.
context_page_description: The flat Earth model is an archaic conception of Earth's shape as a plane or disk. Many ancient cultures subscribed to a flat Earth cosmography, including Greece until the classical period, the Bronze Age and Iron Age civilizations of the Near East until the Hellenistic period, India until the Gupta period, and China until the 17th century.
  The idea of a spherical Earth appeared in ancient Greek philosophy with Pythagoras, although most pre-Socratics retained the flat Earth model. In the early 4th century BC Plato wrote about a spherical Earth, and by about 330 BC his former student Aristotle provided evidence for the spherical shape of the Earth on empirical grounds. Knowledge of the spherical Earth gradually began to spread beyond the Hellenistic world from then on.
  Despite the scientific fact of Earth's sphericity, pseudoscientific flat Earth conspiracy theories are espoused by modern flat Earth societies and, increasingly, by unaffiliated individuals using social media.
context_section_description: The flat Earth model is an archaic conception of Earth's shape as a plane or disk. Many ancient cultures subscribed to a flat Earth cosmography, including Greece until the classical period, the Bronze Age and Iron Age civilizations of the Near East until the Hellenistic period, India until the Gupta period (early centuries AD), and China until the 17th century.
  The idea of a spherical Earth appeared in ancient Greek philosophy with Pythagoras (6th century BC), although most pre-Socratics (6th–5th century BC) retained the flat Earth model. In the early 4th century BC Plato wrote about a spherical Earth, and by about 330 BC his former student Aristotle provided evidence for the spherical shape of the Earth on empirical grounds. Knowledge of the spherical Earth gradually began to spread beyond the Hellenistic world from then on.
  Despite the scientific fact of Earth's sphericity, pseudoscientific flat Earth conspiracy theories are espoused by modern flat Earth societies and, increasingly, by unaffiliated individuals using social media.
caption: Flat Earth map drawn by Orlando Ferguson in 1893. The map contains several references to biblical passages as well as various jabs at the "Globe Theory".
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