page_title: Anarchism in Chile
section_title: The Santa María School Massacre (1907)
hierarchical_section_title: Anarchism in Chile / First stage: The early years (1880–1921) / The First Demonstrations / The Santa María School Massacre (1907)
caption_attribution_description: Español: Fotografía de Antonio Ramón Ramón del 14 de diciembre de 1914, donde es conducido por soldados luego de su atentado en contra del general Roberto Silva Renard, ejecutor de la Matanza de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique, efectuada en 1907.
context_page_description: The anarchist movement in Chile emerged from European immigrants, followers of Mikhail Bakunin affiliated with the International Workingmen's Association, who contacted Manuel Chinchilla, a Spaniard living in Iquique. Their influence could be perceived at first within the labour unions of typographers, painters, builders and sailors. During the first decades of the 20th century, anarchism had a significant influence on the labour movement and intellectual circles of Chile. Some of the most prominent Chilean anarchists were: the poet Carlos Pezoa Véliz, the professor Dr Juan Gandulfo, the syndicalist workers Luis Olea, Magno Espinoza, Alejandro Escobar y Carballo, Ángela Muñoz Arancibia, Juan Chamorro, Armando Triviño and Ernesto Miranda, the teacher Flora Sanhueza, and the writers José Domingo Gómez Rojas, Fernando Santiván, José Santos González Vera and Manuel Rojas.
  At the moment, anarchist groups are experiencing a comeback in Chile through various student collectives, affinity groups, community and cultural centres, and squatting.
context_section_description: In 1906 a general strike was declared in Antofagasta, run by the railroad workers. On 21 December 1907, the strike aimed at improving the pay of the saltpetre miners in Iquique ended in a massacre carried out by the authorities, known as the Santa María School massacre. It was there that the army fired into the crowd that had gathered in Santa María square, killing around 3000 people, among them workers, women, and children.
caption: Antonio Ramón Ramón, the "avenger" of the Santa María School Massacre.
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