page_title: Ice segregation
section_title: Common frost heaving
hierarchical_section_title: Ice segregation / Description of the phenomena / Common frost heaving
caption_attribution_description: English: Uploaded for an article under development on ice lenses. Based on figures in the following texts. Dash2006 - Dash, G.,; A. W. Rempel, J. S. Wettlaufer&#32;(2006).&#32;"The physics of premelted ice and its geophysical consequences". Rev. Mod. Phys.&#32;78&#32;(695).&#32;American Physical Society. DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.78.695. Retrieved on 30 November 2009. Murton2006 - Murton, Julian B.; Peterson, Rorik &amp; Ozouf, Jean-Claude&#32;(17 November 2006).&#32;"Bedrock Fracture by Ice Segregation in Cold Regions". Science&#32;314&#32;(5802): 1127 - 1129. DOI:10.1126/science.1132127. Retrieved on 30 November 2009. Rempel2007 - Rempel, A.W.&#32;(2007).&#32;"Formation of ice lenses and frost heave". Journal of Geophysical Research&#32;112&#32;(F02S21).&#32;American Geophysical Union. DOI:10.1029/2006JF000525. Retrieved on 30 November 2009. Rempel2008 – Rempel, A. W.&#32;(2008).&#32;"A theory for ice-till interactions and sediment entrainment beneath glaciers". Journal of Geophysical Research: F01013.&#32;American Geophysical Union.. DOI:10.1029/2007JF000870.. Retrieved on 30 November 2009. Peterson2008 - Peterson, R. A.,; Krantz , W. B.&#32;(2008).&#32;"Differential frost heave model for patterned ground formation: Corroboration with observations along a North American arctic transect". Journal of Geophysical Research&#32;113: G03S04.&#32;American Geophysical Union.. DOI:10.1029/2007JG000559.. Retrieved on 30 November 2009., Walder1985 - Walder, Joseph; Hallet, Bernard&#32;(March 1985).&#32;"A theoretical model of the fracture of rock during freezing". Geological Society of America Bulletin&#32;96&#32;(3): 336-346.&#32;Geological Society of America.. DOI:&lt;336:ATMOTF&gt;2.0.CO;2 10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96&lt;336:ATMOTF&gt;2.0.CO;2. Retrieved on 30 November 2009.
context_page_description: Ice segregation is the geological phenomenon produced by the formation of ice lenses, which induce erosion when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates in a localized zone. The ice initially accumulates within small collocated pores or pre-existing cracks, and, as long as the conditions remain favorable, continues to collect in the ice layer or ice lens, wedging the soil or rock apart. Ice lenses grow parallel to the surface and several centimeters to several decimeters deep in the soil or rock. Studies between 1990 and present have demonstrated that rock fracture by ice segregation is a more effective weathering process than the freeze-thaw process which older texts proposed.
  Ice lenses play the key role in fracture of bedrock and frost induced heaving of soils, which are fundamental to weathering in cold regions. Frost heaving creates debris and dramatically shapes landscapes into complex patterns. Rock fracture in periglacial regions has often been attributed to the freezing and volumetric expansion of water trapped within pores and cracks.
context_section_description: Frost heave is the process by which the freezing of water-saturated soil causes the deformation and upward thrust of the ground surface.  This process can distort and crack pavement, damage the foundations of buildings and displace soil in regular patterns. Moist, fine-grained soil at certain temperatures is most susceptible to frost heaving.
caption: Ice lens formation resulting in frost heave in cold climates.
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