page_title: 70 Pine Street
section_title: Form
hierarchical_section_title: 70 Pine Street / Design / Form
caption_attribution_description: English: 70 Pine Street
context_page_description: 70 Pine Street – formerly known as the 60 Wall Tower, Cities Service Building, and American International Building – is a 67-story, 952-foot residential building in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It was designed by the firm of Clinton & Russell, Holton & George in the Art Deco style. 70 Pine Street, built in 1930–1932 by energy conglomerate Cities Service Company, was Lower Manhattan's tallest building and the world's third-tallest structure upon its completion.
  70 Pine Street occupies a trapezoidal lot on Pearl Street between Pine and Cedar Streets. It features a brick, limestone, and granite facade with numerous setbacks. The building contains an extensive program of ornamentation, including the Cities Service Company's triangular logo and solar motifs. The interior features included escalators at the base and double-deck elevators linking the tower's floors. A three-story penthouse, intended for Cities Service's founder Henry Latham Doherty, was later utilized as a public observatory.
  70 Pine Street's construction was funded through a public offering of stock, rather than a mortgage loan.
context_section_description: The building contains numerous setbacks on its exterior. Though setbacks in New York City skyscrapers were mandated by the 1916 Zoning Resolution in order to allow light and air to reach the streets below, they later became a defining feature of the Art Deco style. As a result of the several layers of setbacks, the top stories are 25% of the size of the lowest stories. The first setback happens on the 32nd floor, followed by another large setback on the 56th floor. The intermediate levels also contained smaller setbacks, which were used as private patios for the offices on the respective floors. 
  Above the 67th-floor observation deck was the building's spire, composed of a glass lantern rising 27 feet (8.2 m), topped by a stainless steel pinnacle extending another 97 feet (30 m). The spire is a total of 124 feet (38 m) and weighs 8 short tons (7.1 long tons; 7.3 t). The spire had a beacon, which was described as being "visible for 200 miles at sea and inland".
caption: Upper section of the building, showing the small terraces on each setback
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