page_title: Dutch Maiden
section_title: 19th-century and later
hierarchical_section_title: Dutch Maiden / 19th-century and later
caption_attribution_description: English: Title page Leo Belgicus (Belgick Lion) History book Nederlands: Titelblad Leo Belgicus (Nederlandse Leeuw) Geschiedenis boek
context_page_description: The Dutch Maiden is a national personification of the Netherlands. She is typically depicted wearing a Roman garment and with a lion, the Leo Belgicus, by her side. In addition to the symbol of a national maiden, there were also symbolic provincial maidens and town maidens.
  The Dutch Maiden has been used as a national symbol since the 16th century. During the Dutch Revolt, a maiden representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands became a recurrent theme in allegorical cartoons. In early depictions she may be shown in the "Garden of Holland", a small garden surrounded by a fence, recalling the medieval hortus conclusus of the Virgin Mary. On 25 May 1694, the States of Holland and West Friesland introduced a uniform coin design for the United Provinces, showing a Dutch Maiden leaning on a bible placed on an altar and holding a lance with the cap of liberty, the Liberty pole.
  Initially carrying a martyr's palm, by the late 17th century she often carries a cap of liberty on a liberty pole, though the hat is a conventional male style for the period, rather than the Phrygian cap that later images of liberty personified in other countries used.
context_section_description: During the French Revolutionary occupation, the short-lived Batavian Republic adopted the Dutch Maiden as its main symbol. The symbol was depicted on the upper left corner of the Batavian Republic's flag, with a lion at her feet. In one hand, she holds a shield with the Roman fasces and in the other a lance crowned with the cap of liberty.
  The Dutch Maiden continued to be used as a symbol after the foundation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. She was integrated into a number of 19th century monuments, including:
  the statue in the centre of Plein 1813 in The Hague;
  the statue commemorating the Battle of Heiligerlee, and
  the statue on the Nieuwemarkt in Rotterdam.
caption: The Dutch Maiden always carries her cap of liberty on a pole, and it is not of the Phrygian cap form.[citation needed] 1660
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