page_title: List of rebellions in China
section_title: Du Wenxiu Rebellion
hierarchical_section_title: List of rebellions in China / Qing dynasty / Du Wenxiu Rebellion
caption_attribution_description: A battle of the Panthay Rebellion (1856–1873) from the set "Victory over the Muslims", set of twelve paintings in ink and color on silk,136.0x310.0 cm. Palace Museum, Beijing.
context_page_description: This is an incomplete list of some of the rebellions, revolts and revolutions that have occurred in China.
context_section_description: The Du Wenxiu Rebellion, or Panthay Rebellion (1856–1872) was a separatist movement of Muslim Hui in western Yunnan, led by Du Wenxiu (born Sulayman ibn `Abd ar-Rahman).
  Du claimed the title of Qa´id Jami al-Muslimin ("Leader of the Community of Muslims"). He was known in English as the Sultan of Dali upon the city's capture. It became the base for the rebels, who declared themselves "Pingnan" (平南国, lit. "The Pacified South"). The rebels besieged the city of Kunming four times (1857, 1861, 1863, and 1868) and briefly held the city during the third attempt. Later, as Qing forces began to gain the upper hand against the rebellion, the rebels sent a letter to Queen Victoria, asking the British for formal recognition and for military assistance; the British demurred. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by Qing troops, who killed and posthumously decapitated Du. The brutal suppression led to many Hui people fleeing to neighboring countries bordering Yunnan. Surviving Huis escaped to Burma, Thailand and Laos, forming the basis of a minority Chinese Hui population in those nations. Hundreds of thousands of Hui people were massacred or died in these purges.
  The rebellion had a significant negative impact on the Burmese Konbaung dynasty. After losing lower Burma to the British, Burma lost access to vast tracts of rice-growing land. Not wishing to upset China, the Burmese kingdom agreed to refuse trade with the Hui rebels in accordance with China's demands. Without the ability to import rice from China, Burma was forced to import rice from the British. In addition, the Burmese economy had relied heavily on cotton exports to China, and suddenly lost access to the vast Chinese market.
caption: Capture of Dali, the capital of the Pingnan Sultanate in Yunnan, 1873
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