page_title: Robert Sutherland Rattray
hierarchical_section_title: Robert Sutherland Rattray
caption_attribution_description: English: Adinkra symbols, including first documented occurence of sankofa symbol Rattray gives the names of the symbols as follows: 1. Gyawu Atiko, lit. the back of Gyawu's head. Gyawu was a sub-chief of Bantama who at the annual Odwira ceremony is said to have had his hair shaved in this fashion. 2. Akoma ntoaso, lit. the joined hearts. 3. Epa, handcuffs. See also No. 16. 4. Nkyimkyim, the twisted pattern. 5. Nsirewa, cowries. 6. Nsa, from a design of this name found on nsa cloths. 7. Mpuannum, lit. five tufts (of hair). 8. Duafe. the wooden comb. 9. Nkuruma kese, lit. dried okros. 10. Aya, the fern; the word also means ' I am not afraid of you ', ' I am independent of you' and the wearer may imply this by wearing it. 11. Aban, a two-storied house, a castle; this design was formerly worn by the King of Ashanti alone. 12. Nkotimsefuopua, certain attendants on the Queen Mother who dressed their hair in this fashion. It is really a variation of the swastika. 13 and 14 Both called Sankofa, lit. turn back and fetch it. See also Fig. 149 , No. 27. 15. Kuntinkantan, lit. bent and spread out&#160;; nkuntinkantan is used in the sense of ' do not boast, do not be arrogant '. 16. Epa, handcuffs, same as No. 3.
context_page_description: Robert Sutherland Rattray, GBE, known as Captain R. S. Rattray, was a barrister and held a diploma in Anthropology from Oxford.
  He was an early Africanist and student of the Ashanti. He was one of the early writers on Oware, and on Ashanti gold weights. An amusement park constructed by the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly is named Rattray park in memorial of R.S. Rattray.
context_section_description: Robert Sutherland Rattray, GBE, known as Captain R. S. Rattray (1881 in India – 1938), was a barrister and held a diploma in Anthropology from Oxford.
  He was an early Africanist and student of the Ashanti. He was one of the early writers on Oware, and on Ashanti gold weights. An amusement park constructed by the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly is named Rattray park in memorial of R.S. Rattray.
caption: Traditional adinkra symbols gathered by Rattray, symbolizing values, often with proverbs associated with symbol
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