page_title: Piano Sonata No. 26 (Beethoven)
hierarchical_section_title: Piano Sonata No. 26 (Beethoven)
caption_attribution_description: The first two bars of the Sonata opus 81a ("Das Lebewohl") by Beethoven
context_page_description: Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 26 in E♭ major, Op. 81a, known as Les Adieux, was written during the years 1809 and 1810.
  The title Les Adieux implies a programmatic nature. The French attack on Vienna, led by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1809, forced Beethoven's patron, Archduke Rudolph, to leave the city. Yet, there is some uncertainty about this nature of the piece — or at least, about the degree to which Beethoven wished this programmatic nature would be known. He titled the three movements "Lebewohl", "Abwesenheit", and "Wiedersehen", and reportedly regarded the French "Adieux" as a poor translation of the feeling of the German "Lebewohl". Indeed, Beethoven wrote the syllables "Le-be-wohl" over the first three chords.
  On the first 1811 publication, a dedication was added reading "On the departure of his Imperial Highness, for the Archduke Rudolph in admiration".
  An average performance of the piece lasts about 17 minutes. The sonata is one of Beethoven's most challenging sonatas because of the mature emotions that must be conveyed throughout. It is also the bridge between his middle period and his later period and is considered the third great sonata of the middle period.
context_section_description: Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 26 in E♭ major, Op. 81a, known as Les Adieux ("The Farewells"), was written during the years 1809 and 1810.
  The title Les Adieux implies a programmatic nature. The French attack on Vienna, led by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1809, forced Beethoven's patron, Archduke Rudolph, to leave the city. Yet, there is some uncertainty about this nature of the piece — or at least, about the degree to which Beethoven wished this programmatic nature would be known. He titled the three movements "Lebewohl", "Abwesenheit", and "Wiedersehen" ('farewell', 'absence', and 'reunion'), and reportedly regarded the French "Adieux" (said to whole assemblies or cities) as a poor translation of the feeling of the German "Lebewohl" (said heartfully to a single person). Indeed, Beethoven wrote the syllables "Le-be-wohl" over the first three chords.
  On the first 1811 publication, a dedication was added reading "On the departure of his Imperial Highness, for the Archduke Rudolph in admiration".
  An average performance of the piece lasts about 17 minutes. The sonata is one of Beethoven's most challenging sonatas because of the mature emotions that must be conveyed throughout. It is also the bridge between his middle period and his later period and is considered the third great sonata of the middle period.
caption: First two bars of the piece, indicating the syllables "Le-be-wohl" over the three-note theme, here an interrupted cadence.
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