page_title: Cropmark
section_title: Examples
hierarchical_section_title: Cropmark / Examples
caption_attribution_description: English: A lawn after a long hot dry period, caused by a line of flagstones which the grass had overgrown and buried.
context_page_description: Cropmarks or crop marks are a means through which sub-surface archaeological, natural and recent features may be visible from the air or a vantage point on higher ground or a temporary platform. Such marks, along with parch marks, soil marks and frost marks, can reveal buried archaeological sites not visible from the ground.
context_section_description: Examples of archaeological sites where cropmarks have been observed are Balbridie and Fetteresso in Scotland.
  In 2009, investigation of crop marks near Stonehenge revealed a variety of 6,000-year-old prehistoric subterranean structures.
  Another example is the rediscovery of the Roman city Altinum, a precursor to the city of Venice, from a combination of visible and near-infrared photos of the area taken during a drought in 2007,  which stressed the maize and soy crops. 
  The multi period site at Mucking was discovered as a result of aerial photographs showing cropmarks and soil marks. The earliest photographs to reveal the site were taken by the Luftwaffe in 1943. The importance of the site was recognised following photographs taken by Kenneth Joseph in 1959 (published in 1964). In 1982, Margaret Jones (site director at the Mucking excavation) noted that some sites were being interpreted on crop mark evidence alone. She pointed out that some features do not produce crop marks and that some crop marks, when excavated, turn out not to be what they seem.
caption: After a long hot dry period, cropmark on a lawn caused by a line of flagstones which the grass had overgrown and buried.
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