page_title: List of Russian scientists
section_title: Historians and archaeologists
hierarchical_section_title: List of Russian scientists / Historians and archaeologists
context_page_description: Karl Ernst von Baer, polymath naturalist, formulated the geological Baer's law on river erosion and embryological Baer's laws, founder of the Russian Entomological Society, co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society
  Alexander Borodin, chemist and composer, author of the famous opera Prince Igor, discovered Borodin reaction, co-discovered Aldol reaction
  Alexander Chizhevsky, interdisciplinary scientist, biophysicist, philosopher and artist, founder of heliobiology and modern air ionification, Russian cosmist
  Johann Gottlieb Georgi, naturalist, chemist, mineralogist, ethnographer and explorer, the first to describe omul fish of Baikal, published the first full-scale work on ethnography of indigenous peoples of Russia
context_section_description: Friedrich von Adelung, historian and museologist, researched the European accounts of the Time of Troubles
  Valery Alekseyev, anthropologist, proposed Homo rudolfensis
  Mikhail Artamonov, historian and archaeologist, founder of modern Khazar studies, excavated a great number of Scythian and Khazar kurgans and settlements, including the fortress of Sarkel
  Artemiy Artsikhovsky, archaeologist, discoverer of birch bark documents in Novgorod
  Vasily Bartold, turkologist, the "Gibbon of Turkestan", an archaeologist of Samarcand
  Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin, 19th-century historian and paleographer, founder of the Bestuzhev Courses for women
  Nikita Bichurin, a founder of Sinology, published many documents on Chinese and Mongolian history, opened the first Chinese-language school in Russia
  Nikolay Danilevsky, ethnologist, philosopher and historian, a founder of Eurasianism, the first to present an account of history as a series of distinct civilisations
  Igor Diakonov, historian and linguist, a prominent researcher of Sumer and Assyria
  Boris Farmakovsky, archaeologist of Ancient Greek colony Olbia
  Vladimir Golenishchev, egyptologist, excavated Wadi Hammamat, discovered over 6,000 antiquities, including the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, the Story of Wenamun, and various Fayum portraits
  Timofey Granovsky, a founder of mediaeval studies in Russia, disproved the historicity of Vineta
  Boris Grekov, prominent researcher of Kievan Rus' and Golden Horde
  Lev Gumilev, historian and ethnologist, prominent researcher of ancient Central Asian peoples, related ethnogenesis and biosphere, influenced the rise of Neo-Eurasianism
  Boris Hessen, physicist who brought externalism into modern historiography of science
  Dmitry Ilovaysky, major 19th-century anti-Normanist
  Pyotr Kafarov, prominent sinologist, discovered many invaluable manuscripts, including The Secret History of the Mongols
  Nikolai Karamzin, sentimentalist writer and historian, author of the 12-volume History of the Russian State, the principal early 19th-century account of national history
  Vasily Klyuchevsky, dominated Russian historiography at the turn of the 20th century, shifted focus from politics and society to geography and economy
  Alexander Kazhdan, Byzantinist, editor of the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
  Nikodim Kondakov, prominent researcher of Byzantine art
  Andrey Korotayev, historian and anthropologist, a founder of cliodynamics, a prominent developer of social cycle theory
  Nikolay Kostomarov, historian, folklorist and romantic writer, researched the differences between Great Russia and Little Russia and the history of Ukraine
  Pyotr Kozlov, explorer of Central Asia, discoverer of the ancient Tangut city of Khara-Khoto and Xiongnu royal burials at Noin-Ula
  Platon Levshin, president of the Most Holy Synod during the Age of Enlightenment, author of the first systematic course of the history of Russian Orthodox Church
  Nikolay Likhachyov, the first and foremost Russian sigillographer, prominent also in a number of other auxiliary historical disciplines
  Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky, statesman, published the major Russian Genealogical Book
  Mikhail Lomonosov, polymath scientist and artist, the first opponent of the Normanist theory, published an early account of Russian history
  Boris Marshak, excavated the Sogdian ruins at Panjakent
  Friedrich Martens, legal historian, drafted the Martens Clause of the Hague Peace Conference
  Vladimir Minorsky, prominent historian of Persia
  Gerhardt Friedrich Müller, co-founder of the Russian Academy of Sciences, explorer and the first academic historian of Siberia, a founder of ethnography, author of the first academic account of Russian history, put forth the Normanist theory
  Aleksei Musin-Pushkin, prominent collector of ancient Russian manuscripts, discovered The Tale of Igor's Campaign
  Nestor the Chronicler, author of the Primary Chronicle (the first East Slavic chronicle) and several hagiographies, saint
  Dimitri Obolensky, Byzantine commonwealth researcher
  Alexey Okladnikov, prominent historian and archaeologist of Siberia and Mongolia
  Sergey Oldenburg, a
caption: Danilevsky
exif: {}