page_title: Haarlem
section_title: Linen and silk
hierarchical_section_title: Haarlem / History / Golden age / Linen and silk
caption_attribution_description: English: The Spaarnwouder- or Amsterdamse poort is the only gate of Haarlem that is still standing. It's now a landmark next to the road from Haarlem to Amsterdam. Nederlands: De Spaarnwouder- of Amsterdamse poort is de enige stadspoort van Haarlem die nog overgebleven is. Het is nu het herkenningspunt op de weg van Haarlem naar Amsterdam.
context_page_description: Haarlem is a city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland and is situated at the northern edge of the Randstad, one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe, and is also part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area. Haarlem had a population of 161,265 in 2019.
  Haarlem was granted city status or stadsrechten in 1245, although the first city walls were not built until 1270. The modern city encompasses the former municipality of Schoten as well as parts that previously belonged to Bloemendaal and Heemstede. Apart from the city, the municipality of Haarlem also includes the western part of the village of Spaarndam. Newer sections of Spaarndam lie within the neighbouring municipality of Haarlemmermeer.
context_section_description: The new citizens had a lot of expertise in linen and silk manufacture and trading, and the city's population grew from 18,000 in 1573 to around 40,000 in 1622. At one point, in 1621, over 50% of the population was Flemish-born. Haarlem's linen became notable and the city flourished. Today an impression of some of those original textile tradesmen can be had from the Book of Trades document created by Jan Luyken and his son.
caption: The Amsterdamse Poort, former gateway to the city from Amsterdam, is one of the few visible traces left of the old city wall.
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