page_title: Philo
hierarchical_section_title: Philo
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Philo(n) von AlexandriaEnglish: Philo of Alexandria
context_page_description: Philo of Alexandria, also called Philo Judaeus, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.
  Philo's deployment of allegory to harmonize Jewish scripture, mainly the Torah, with Greek philosophy was the first documented of its kind, and thereby often misunderstood. Many critics of Philo, who failed to actually read his texts, assumed his allegorical perspective, would lend credibility to the notion of legend over historicity. Notwithstanding, whereby one actually reads Philo's works in both translated and original Greek forms, one finds Philo most certainly believed in the literal understanding of the Torah and the historicity of such described events, and simply allegorizes the additional meaning behind the text.
  Though never properly attributed, Philo's marriage of Jewish exegesis and Stoic philosophy provided a formula later picked up by other Midrash content from the 3rd and 4th century C.E.
context_section_description: Philo of Alexandria (/ˈfaɪloʊ/; Ancient Greek: Φίλων, romanized: Phílōn; Hebrew: יְדִידְיָה הַכֹּהֵן‎‎, romanized: Yedidia (Jedediah) HaCohen; c. 20 BCE – c. 50 CE), also called Philo Judaeus, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.
  Philo's deployment of allegory to harmonize Jewish scripture, mainly the Torah, with Greek philosophy was the first documented of its kind, and thereby often misunderstood. Many critics of Philo, who failed to actually read his texts, assumed his allegorical perspective, would lend credibility to the notion of legend over historicity. Notwithstanding, whereby one actually reads Philo's works in both translated and original Greek forms, one finds Philo most certainly believed in the literal understanding of the Torah and the historicity of such described events, and simply allegorizes the additional meaning behind the text. 
  Though never properly attributed, Philo's marriage of Jewish exegesis and Stoic philosophy provided a formula later picked up by other Midrash content from the 3rd and 4th century C.E. Some claimed this lack of credit or affinity for Philo by the Rabbinic leadership at the time, was due to his adoption of allegorical instead of literal interpretations of the Hebrew Bible, though it was likely due to his criticism of Rabbinic scholars, citing their works and ideas were "full of Sybaritish profligacy and licentiousness to their everlasting shame", "eager to give a specious appearance to infamous actions, so as to secure notoriety for disgraceful deeds", and ultimately, that he "disregards the envious disposition of such men, and shall proceed to narrate the true events of Moses' life" of which Philo felt were unjustly hidden and covered over.
  According to Josephus, Philo was largely inspired by Aristobulus of Alexandria and the Alexandrian school,. The only event in Philo's life that can be decisively dated is his participation in the embassy to Rome in 40 CE; whereby He represented the Alexandrian Jews in a delegation to the Roman Emperor Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Caligula) following civil strife between the Alexandrian Jewish and Greek communities.
caption: Imaginative illustration of Philo made in 1584 by the French portrait artist André Thevet
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