page_title: Punched card
section_title: Powers/Remington Rand/UNIVAC 90-column punched card format
hierarchical_section_title: Punched card / Card formats / Powers/Remington Rand/UNIVAC 90-column punched card format
caption_attribution_description: English: Remington Rand punched card at the bottom, IBM card at the top. Note that the Remington Rand card has round holes. There are 45 columns and two groups of six rows each that are encoded independently, for a total of 90 possible encoded characters. The IBM card has rectangular holes and 80 columns, with only one character per column.
context_page_description: A punched card or punch card is a piece of stiff paper that can be used to contain digital data represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. Digital data can be used for data processing applications or used to directly control automated machinery.
  Punched cards were widely used through much of the 20th century in the data processing industry, where specialized and increasingly complex unit record machines, organized into semiautomatic data processing systems, used punched cards for data input, output, and storage. The IBM 12-row/80-column punched card format came to dominate the industry. Many early digital computers used punched cards as the primary medium for input of both computer programs and data.
  While punched cards are now obsolete as a storage medium, as of 2012, some voting machines still use punched cards to record votes.
context_section_description: The Powers/Remington Rand card format was initially the same as Hollerith's; 45 columns and round holes.  In 1930, Remington Rand leap-frogged IBM's 80 column format from 1928 by coding two characters in each of the 45 columns – producing what is now commonly called the 90-column card.  There are two sets of six rows across each card.  The rows in each set are labeled 0, 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 and 9.  The even numbers in a pair are formed by combining that punch with a 9 punch. Alphabetic and special characters use 3 or more punches.
caption: A punched Remington Rand card with an IBM card for comparison
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