page_title: Lithuanian book smugglers
hierarchical_section_title: Lithuanian book smugglers
context_page_description: Lithuanian book smugglers or Lithuanian book carriers transported Lithuanian language books printed in the Latin alphabet into Lithuanian-speaking areas of the Russian Empire, defying a ban on such materials in force from 1864 to 1904. In Lithuanians it literally means the one who carries the books. Opposing imperial Russian authorities' efforts to replace the traditional Latin orthography with Cyrillic, and transporting printed matter from as far away as the United States to do so, the book smugglers became a symbol of Lithuanians' resistance to Russification.
context_section_description: Lithuanian book smugglers or Lithuanian book carriers (Lithuanian: knygnešys, plural: knygnešiaĩ) transported Lithuanian language books printed in the Latin alphabet into Lithuanian-speaking areas of the Russian Empire, defying a ban on such materials in force from 1864 to 1904. In Lithuanians it literally means the one who carries the books.  Opposing imperial Russian authorities' efforts to replace the traditional Latin orthography with Cyrillic, and transporting printed matter from as far away as the United States to do so, the book smugglers became a symbol of Lithuanians' resistance to Russification.
caption: Motiejus Valančius, one of the main supporters of the Lithuanian press during the ban
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