page_title: List of fossil bird genera
section_title: Sphenisciformes
hierarchical_section_title: List of fossil bird genera / Neornithes / Sphenisciformes
caption_attribution_description: Waimanu manneringi, an extinct penguin from the Middle Oligocene of New Zealand.
context_page_description: Birds evolved from certain feathered theropod dinosaurs, and there is no real dividing line between birds and non-avian dinosaurs except that some of the former survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event while the latter did not. For the purposes of this article, a 'bird' is considered to be any member of the clade Aves in the broadest sense. Some dinosaur groups which may or may not be true birds are listed below under Proto-birds.
  This page contains a listing of prehistoric bird taxa only known from completely fossilized specimens. These extinctions took place before the Late Quaternary and thus took place in the absence of significant human interference. While the earliest hominids had been eating birds and especially their eggs, human population and technology was simply insufficient to seriously affect healthy bird populations until the Upper Paleolithic Revolution. Rather, reasons for the extinctions listed here are stochastic abiotic events such as bolide impacts, climate changes due to orbital shifts, mass volcanic eruptions etc.
context_section_description: Unresolved and basal forms
  †Waimanu Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Early – Late Palaeocene)
  †W. manneringi Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Mannering's penguin)
  †W. tuatahi Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Waipara penguin)
  †Perudyptes devriesi Clarke et al. 2007 – basal? (middle Eocene)
  Sphenisciformes gen. et sp. indet. CADIC P 21 (middle Eocene)
  Spheniscidae – penguins
  †Kaiika maxwelli Fordyce & Tomas 2011
  †Palaeoapterodytes ictus (Ameghino 1891) Ameghino 1905 (nomen dubium) [Apterodytes Ameghino 1891 non Hermann 1783; Apterodytes ictus Ameghino 1891]
  †Tereingaornis moisleyi Scarlett 1983 (Moisley's penguin)
  †Crossvallia unienwillia Tambussi et al. 2005 (Late Paleocene)
  †Anthropornis Wiman 1905 (mid-Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
  †A. nordenskjoeldii Wiman 1905 (Nordenskjoeld's giant penguin)
  †A. grandis (Wiman 1905) [Arthrodytes grandis  (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905]
  †Archaeospheniscus Marples 1952 (mid-/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene)
  †A. lowei Marples 1952 (Lowe's penguin)
  †A. lopdelli Marples 1952 (Lopdell's penguin)
  †Delphinornis Wiman 1905 [Notodyptes Marples 1953] (mid-/Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
  †D. gracilis Myrcha et al. 2002
  †D. larseni Wiman 1905
  †D. arctowskii Myrcha et al. 2002
  †D. wimani (Marples 1953) Ksepka & Clarke 2010 [Notodyptes wimani Marples 1953; Archaeospheniscus wimani (Marples 1953) Simpson 1971a]
  †Palaeeudyptes Huxley 1859 [Eosphaeniscus Wiman 1905] (mid-/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene)
  †P. klekowskii Myrcha, Tatur & del Valle 1990
  †P. gunnari (Wiman 1905) [Eosphaeniscus gunnari Wiman 1905]
  †Icadyptes salasi Clarke et al. 2007 (Late Eocene)
  †Inkayacu paracasensis Clarke et al. 2010 (Late Eocene)
  †Pachydyptes ponderosus Oliver 1930 (Late Eocene)
  †Marambiornis exilis Myrcha et al. 2002 (Late Eocene–? Early Oligocene)
  †Mesetaornis polaris Myrcha et al. 2002 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
  †Tonniornis Tambussi et al. 2006 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
  †T. mesetaensis Tambussi et al. 2006
  †T. minimum Tambussi et al. 2006
  †Wimanornis seymourensis Simpson 1971 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
  †Arthrodytes andrewsi Ameghino 1901 (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  †Duntroonornis parvus Marples 1953 (Duntroon penguin) (Late Oligocene)
  †Kairuku Ksepka et al. 2012 (Late Oligocene)
  †K. grebneffi Ksepka et al. 2012
  †K. waitaki Ksepka et al. 2012
  †Korora oliveri Marples 1952 (Oliver's penguin) (Late Oligocene)
  †Platydyptes Marples 1952 (Late Oligocene)
  †P. marplesi (Brodkorb 1963) Simpson 1971 [Palaeeudyptes marplesi Brodkorb 1963] (Simpson's/Marples' penguin)
  †P. novaezealandiae(Oliver 1930) Marples 1952 (wide-flippered penguin)
  †P. amiesi Marples 1952 (Amies’ penguin)
  †Eretiscus tonnii (Simpson 1981) Olson 1986 [Microdytes Simpson 1981 non Balfour-Browne 1949; Microdytes tonnii Simpson 1981] (Patagonia Early Miocene)
  †Palaeospheniscus Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [Neculus Ameghino 1905; Paraspheniscus Ameghino 1905 nec Hendel 1927; Perispheniscus Ameghino 1905; Pseudospheniscus Ameghino 1905; Chubutodyptes Simpson 1970] (Early? – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene)
  †P. huxleyorum Simpson 1973
  †P. wimani (Ameghino 1905) [Perispheniscus wimani Ameghino 1905; Palaeospheniscus robustus (partim) Simpson 1946]
  †P. gracilis Ameghino 1899 [?Delphinornis gracilis; Palaeospheniscus nereius Ameghino 1901; Neculus rothi Ameghino 1905; Palaeospheniscus rothi Ameghino 1905; Paraspheniscus nereius (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905; Palaeospheniscus medianus Ameghino 1905]
  †P. patagonicus Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [Palaeospheniscus menzbieri Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Palaeospheniscus interruptus Ameghino 1905; Palaeospheniscus intermedius Ameghino 1905; Palaeospheniscus affinis Ameghino 1905]
  †P. bergi Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [Paraspheniscus bergi (Moreno & Mercerat 1891) Ameghino 1905; Palaeospheniscus planus Ameghino 1905; Palaeospheniscus interplanus Ameghino 1905; Pseudospheniscus interplanus Ameghino 1905; Pseudospheniscus planus Ameghino 1905 nom rej.; Pseudospheniscus concavus Ameghino 1905; Pseudospheniscus convexus Ameghino 1905 nom rej.]
  †P. biloculata (Simpson 1970) Acosta Hospitaleche 2007 [Chubutodyptes biloculata Simpson 1970]
  †Pa
caption: Waimanu
exif: {}