page_title: Steinheim skull
section_title: Brain tumor
hierarchical_section_title: Steinheim skull / Brain tumor
caption_attribution_description: A contrast enhanced CT scan of the brain, demonstrating the appearance of a Meningioma.
context_page_description: The Steinheim skull is a fossilized skull of a Homo heidelbergensis found on 24 July 1933 near Steinheim an der Murr, Germany.
  It is estimated to be between 250,000 and 350,000 years old. The skull is slightly flattened and has a cranial capacity between 950 and 1280 cc. Sometimes referred to as Homo steinheimensis in older literature, the original fossil is housed in the State Museum of Natural History in Stuttgart, Germany. Some believe that the Steinheim skull may have belonged to an adult female due to its gracile nature.
context_section_description: The investigations completed at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen in 2003 by Alfred Czarnetzki, Carsten M. Pusch and Erwin Schwaderer, showed that the owner of the skull suffered from a meningioma, which is an arachnoid tumor. Meningiomas are a diverse set of tumors that arise from the meninges, which is the membranous layers surrounding the central nervous system.
  The slow-growing tumor had a size of 51 mm × 43 mm × 25 mm and a volume of 29 ml (1 imp fl oz; 1 US fl oz). It is believed that this tumor may have caused headaches. It is also possible that no neurological deficiencies were suffered, due to the slow growing nature of meningiomas. Whether the tumor should be considered the cause of death cannot be determined from the remains. Having the rest of the skeleton would be necessary for further investigation into a possible cause of death. Meningiomas
  are very rare with roughly 2 out of 100,000 causing symptoms, so finding evidence of one in such ancient remains is a very exciting discovery. It is the earliest evidence of a meningioma tumor on record.
caption: A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the brain, demonstrating the appearance of a meningioma
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