page_title: Surgeon
section_title: Pioneer surgeons
hierarchical_section_title: Surgeon / Pioneer surgeons
caption_attribution_description: English: Victor Horsley Polski: Victor Horsley
context_page_description: In modern medicine, a surgeon is a physician who performs surgery. There are also surgeons in podiatry, dentistry, orthodontics, and the veterinary medicine.
context_section_description: Sushruta (the first to document an operation of open rhinoplasty)
  al-Zahrawi, regarded as one of the greatest medieval surgeons and a father of surgery.)
  B. K. Misra -  First neurosurgeon in the world to perform image-guided surgery for aneurysms, first in South Asia to perform stereotactic radiosurgery, first in India to perform awake craniotomy and laparoscopic spine surgery.
  Charles Kelman (Invented phacoemulsification, the technique of modern cataract surgery)
  William Stewart Halsted (initiated surgical residency training in U.S., pioneer in many fields)
  Alfred Blalock (first modern day successful open heart surgery in 1944)
  C. Walton Lillehei (labeled "Father of modern day open heart surgery")
  Christiaan Barnard (cardiac surgery, first heart transplantation)
  Victor Chang Australian pioneer of heart transplantation
  John Hunter (Scottish, viewed as the father of modern surgery, performed hundreds of dissections, served as the model for Dr. Jekyll.)
  Sir Victor Horsley (neurosurgery)
  Lars Leksell (neurosurgery, inventor of radiosurgery)
  Joseph Lister (discoverer of surgical sepsis, Listerine named in his honour)
  Harvey Cushing (pioneer, and often considered the father of, modern neurosurgery)
  Paul Tessier (French Surgeon, Father of Craniofacial surgery)
  Gholam A. Peyman (Inventor of LASIK,)
  Ioannis Pallikaris (Greek surgeon. Performed the first LASIK procedure on a human eye. Developed Epi-LASIK.)
  Nikolay Pirogov (the founder of field surgery)
  Valery Shumakov (pioneer of artificial organs implantation)
  Svyatoslav Fyodorov (creator of radial keratotomy)
  Gazi Yasargil (Turkish neurosurgeon, founder of microneurosurgery)
  Rene Favaloro (first surgeon to perform bypass surgery)
  Michael R. Harrison (pioneer of fetal surgery)
  Michael DeBakey (educator and innovator in the field of cardiac surgery)
  Fidel Pagés (pioneer of epidural anesthesia)
  Wilder Penfield (neurosurgery)
  Harold Gillies (pioneer of plastic surgery)
  Maria Siemionow (pioneer of near-total face transplant surgery)
caption: Victor Horsley pioneered neurosurgery
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