page_title: Zamoskvorechye District
section_title: Old Muscovy
hierarchical_section_title: Zamoskvorechye District / History / Old Muscovy
caption_attribution_description: Palace in Chernigovsky Lane, Zamoskvorechye, Moscow. Small chambers (left) date back to early 17th century
context_page_description: Zamoskvorechye District is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: 55,612; 50,590.
  The district contains the eastern half of historical Zamoskvorechye area, and the territories of Zatsepa Street and Paveletsky Rail Terminal south of the Garden Ring. The boundary between Yakimanka and Zamoskvorechye districts follows Balchug Street and Bolshaya Ordynka Street, Korovy Val and Mytnaya streets.
context_section_description: This section is based on P.V.Sytin's History of Moscow Streets'
  Territories on the right (southern) bank of Moskva River, now known as Zamoskvorechye, were first colonized in the 14th century. Two river crossings, west and east of the Moscow Kremlin's walls, provide access to roads which originally continued south to Kaluga and Serpukhov, and served as main axes of settlement. Bolshaya Ordynka Street (Serpukhov road), currently the western boundary of the district, is named after Orda, Golden Horde, and was initially home to the Tatar community. Regular floods and the north-south migration of Moskva river bed limited construction to a narrow, 500-700 meter wide strip of land between Ordynka and Tatarskaya streets. The development of Zamoskvorechye followed the eastward expansion of the city on the northern bank, thus eastern Zamoskvorechye is younger than the western Yakimanka District. For example, present-day Pyatnitskaya Street emerged early in the 15th century, when the expansion of Moscow Kremlin moved the wooden Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge one block eastward.
  The fortified line on the site of the present-day Garden Ring was built in 1591-1592 during the reign of Feodor I. Within the fortress wall, life was organized in a patchwork sloboda system. Soldiers, craftsmen and foreigners settled in clearly defined communities, with some degree of personal liberty and independence from the tsar's authorities:
  Royal garden attendants (садовники, sadovniki) settled around Balchug Street, in the beginning of present-day Sadovnicheskaya Street from 1495 until the fire of 1701
  Tanners specializing in sheepskin (oвчинники, ovchinniki) settled the beginning of Pyatnitskaya Street, and gave their name to Ovchinnikovsky Lanes
  Royal mint workers (монетчики, monetchiki) settled in the southern end of the neighborhood on Pyatnitskaya Street (Monetchikovsky Lanes)
  Streltsy troops under command of colonel Veshniakov gave name to Vishnyakovsky Lane
  Tatar community, still identifiable in Tatarskaya Streets population
  Court translators (толмачи, tolmachi, German: Dolmetscher) in Tolmachevsky Lanes
caption: 17th century chambers, left, 18th century mansion, right, in Chernigovsky Lane
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