page_title: Antiochus III the Great
hierarchical_section_title: Antiochus III the Great
caption_attribution_description: This head bears a resemblance to profiles of the king of Syria Antiochus III (223–187 BC) found on coins and is thought to have been modelled on an equestrian statue of that monarch executed in bronze in the late 3rd century BC and known to us from an inscribed base found at Delphi bearing the signature of the sculptor Meidias. A priest’s head dating from the 1st century BC found on the Athens Agora (National Museum of Athens, inv. NM 351) has a similar diadem however. Acquired as a head of “Caesar” by Napoleon III from the comte Pepoli and displayed in the Palais de l'Elysée in 1870; entered the Louvre in 1872 Department of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities
context_page_description: Antiochus III the Great was a Macedonian Hellenistic king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire. He ruled over the region of Syria and large parts of the rest of western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC. Rising to the throne at the age of eighteen in 222 BC, his early campaigns against the Ptolemaic Kingdom were unsuccessful, but in the following years Antiochus gained several military victories and substantially expanded the empire's territory. His traditional designation, the Great, reflects an epithet he assumed. He also assumed the title Basileus Megas, the traditional title of the Persian kings. A militarily active ruler, Antiochus restored much of the territory of the Seleucid Empire, before suffering a serious setback, towards the end of his reign, in his war against Rome.
  Declaring himself the "champion of Greek freedom against Roman domination", Antiochus III waged a four-year war against the Roman Republic beginning in mainland Greece in the autumn of 192 BC before being decisively defeated at the Battle of Magnesia. He died three years later on campaign in the east.
context_section_description: Antiochus III the Great /ænˈtaɪəkəs/ (Greek: Ἀντίoχoς Μέγας; c. 241 – 3 July 187 BC, ruled April/June 222 – 3 July 187 BC) was a Macedonian Hellenistic king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire. He ruled over the region of Syria and large parts of the rest of western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC. Rising to the throne at the age of eighteen in 222 BC, his early campaigns against the Ptolemaic Kingdom were unsuccessful, but in the following years Antiochus gained several military victories and substantially expanded the empire's territory. His traditional designation, the Great, reflects an epithet he assumed. He also assumed the title Basileus Megas (Greek for "Great King"), the traditional title of the Persian kings. A militarily active ruler, Antiochus restored much of the territory of the Seleucid Empire, before suffering a serious setback, towards the end of his reign, in his war against Rome.
  Declaring himself the "champion of Greek freedom against Roman domination", Antiochus III waged a four-year war against the Roman Republic beginning in mainland Greece in the autumn of 192 BC before being decisively defeated at the Battle of Magnesia. He died three years later on campaign in the east.
caption: Bust from the Louvre, possibly Roman copy of Hellenistic portrait of Antiochus III
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