page_title: TurboDuo
section_title: Technical specification
hierarchical_section_title: TurboDuo / Technical specification
caption_attribution_description: A controller adapter for the NEC TurboDuo gaming console. The TurboDuo was an all-in-one combination of the TurboGrafx-16 console and TurboGrafx-CD add-on. Its controller port was different than the TurboGrafx-16's however, making an adapter necessary. By using this one could hook up TurboGrafx-16 controllers to the TurboDuo or use accessories like the TurboTap. This item comes courtesy of Jeremy Butler.
context_page_description: The TurboDuo is a fourth-generation video game console developed by NEC Home Electronics and Hudson Soft for the North American market. The TurboDuo was test-marketed in Los Angeles in October 1992, before a nationwide rollout in May 1993. It is the North American version of the Japanese PC Engine Duo game console which was released in September 1991.
  In the United States, the TurboDuo was marketed by Turbo Technologies, Inc. of Los Angeles, a joint venture of NEC Home Electronics and Hudson Soft. It was established to market NEC consoles in North America after NEC Home Electronics USA failed to effectively market the platform.
  The TurboDuo integrates the capabilities of the TurboGrafx-16 and its CD-ROM drive into a single, redesigned unit with an updated BIOS and 192 KB of additional RAM. TTI also offered the Super System Card via mail order, which provided the original TurboGrafx-CD with the 192 KB RAM upgrade.
  The RAM increase and BIOS update afford the TurboDuo and PC Engine Duo compatibility with all CD-ROM² and Super CD-ROM² titles. Like the TurboGrafx-CD, the TurboDuo can read Compact Disc Digital Audio and CD+G discs.
context_section_description: CPU
  The Hudson Soft HuC6280 is a modified 65C02 with an effective clock rate of 1.79 or 7.16 MHz (switchable by software). The integrated components of this 8-bit processor include a timer, general-purpose I/O port, and bankswitching hardware (which drives a 21-bit external address bus from a 6502-compatible 16-bit address bus). It is capable of block transfer instructions, as well as dedicated move instructions for communicating with the TurboDuo's video display controller, the HuC6270A.
  Video processing
  One 16-bit HuC6260 video color encoder (VCE)
  One 16-bit HuC6270A video display controller (VDC). Like the TMS99xx family of video display processors, it has port-based I/O.
  Display resolution
  Horizontal lines: Maximum of 512, programmable in 8-pixel increments
  Vertical lines: Maximum of 240, programmable in 8-pixel increments
  Nearly all TurboGrafx-16 games use 256×224. Sherlock Holmes Consulting Detective did use 512×224.
  Color
  Color depth: 9-bit
  512-color palette (maximum of 481 colors on-screen: 241 for background tiles, 240 for sprites)
  Up to 32 palettes (16 for background tiles, 16 for sprites)
  Up to 16 colors per palette
  Sprites
  Sizes: 16×16, 16×32, 32×16, 32×32, 32×64
  Simultaneously displayable: 64 (maximum of 8–16 per line, depending on sprite width)
  Each sprite can use up to 15 unique colors (one color must be reserved as transparent) via one of the 16 available sprite palettes.
  The HuC6270A VDC can display one sprite layer. Sprites could be placed either in front of or behind background tiles.
  Tiles
  Each 8×8-pixel background tile can use up to 16 unique colors via one of the 16 available background palettes. The first color entry of each background palette must be the same across all background palettes. The HuC6270A VDC can display one background layer.
  Memory
  Work RAM: 8 KB
  Video RAM: 64 KB
  Additional 192 KB of built in Memory (System 3.0)
  Sound
  Six PSG audio channels, programmable through the CPU
  One ADPCM channel
  Compact Disc Digital Audio
  Software media
  TurboChip (called HuCard in Japan), a thin, card-like ROM cartridge. Published games consumed up to 20 Mb (2.5 MB).
  CD-ROM² (pronounced "CD-ROM-ROM" in Japan), a proprietary CD-ROM-based media. Unlike the TurboGrafx-CD add-on, the TurboDuo could play standard CD-ROM² discs, as well Super CD-ROM² discs, without the need of a System Card. Early CD-ROM² games released in North America were branded as TurboGrafx-CD discs, but this relabeling fell into disuse after the launch of the TurboDuo in favor of keeping the CD-ROM² and Super CD-ROM² labeling used in Japan.
caption: Since the TurboGrafx-16 used a different controller port, its input devices and peripherals required an adapter in order to be used on a TurboDuo.
exif: {"Image Make": "NIKON CORPORATION", "Image Model": "NIKON D7100", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "240", "Image YResolution": "240", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CS5 Windows", "Image DateTime": "2014:05:30 22:28:44", "Image Artist": "Evan Amos", "Image Copyright": "Vanamo Media", "Image ExifOffset": "264", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "1050", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "4771", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/250", "EXIF FNumber": "18", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Manual", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "100", "EXIF SensitivityType": "Recommended Exposure Index", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2014:05:30 20:52:40", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2014:05:30 20:52:40", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "995723/125000", "EXIF ApertureValue": "166797/20000", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "17/5", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF LightSource": "Unknown", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "60", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "10", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "10", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "2910", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2160", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "83841555/32768", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "83841555/32768", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "3", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF CVAPattern": "[2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2]", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Manual Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Manual", "EXIF DigitalZoomRatio": "1", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "90", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF GainControl": "None", "EXIF Contrast": "Normal", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF SubjectDistanceRange": "0", "EXIF BodySerialNumber": "2557295", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[60, 60, 14/5, 14/5]", "EXIF LensModel": "60.0 mm f/2.8"}