page_title: Pogrom
section_title: Rest of the world
hierarchical_section_title: Pogrom / Historical background / Rest of the world
caption_attribution_description: English: Front cover of the Le Petit Journal, depicting the massacre of Adana.
context_page_description: A pogrom is a violent riot aimed at the massacre or expulsion of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at Jews. The Slavic-languages term originally entered the English language to describe 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews in the Russian Empire. Similar attacks against Jews at other times and places also became retrospectively known as pogroms. The word is now also sometimes used to describe publicly sanctioned purgative attacks against non-Jewish ethnic or religious groups. The characteristics of a pogrom vary widely, depending on the specific incidents, at times leading to, or culminating in, massacres.
  Significant pogroms in the Russian Empire included the Odessa pogroms, Warsaw pogrom, Kishinev pogrom, Kiev Pogrom, and Białystok pogrom. After the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, several pogroms occurred amid the power struggles in Eastern Europe, including the Lwów pogrom and Kiev Pogroms.
  The most significant pogrom in Nazi Germany was the Kristallnacht of 1938.
context_section_description: In the early 20th century, pogroms broke out elsewhere in the world as well. In 1904 in Ireland, the Limerick boycott caused several Jewish families to leave the town. During the 1911 Tredegar riot in Wales, Jewish homes and businesses were looted and burned over the period of a week, before the British Army was called in by then-Home Secretary Winston Churchill, who described the riot as a "pogrom". In 1919 there was a pogrom in Argentina, during the Tragic Week.
  In the Mandatory Palestine under British administration, the Jews were targeted in the 1929 Hebron massacre and the 1929 Safed pogrom. In 1934 there were pogroms against Jews in Turkey and Algeria.
caption: A massacre of Armenians and Assyrians in the city of Adana, Ottoman Empire, April 1909
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