page_title: Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean
hierarchical_section_title: Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean
caption_attribution_description: English: Caption: "Fig. 18.—The Indian Ocean according to Mohit, as interpreted by Dr Tomaschek."The EB&#8217;s version of George Philip &amp; Son's engraving for Ernest George Ravenstein's Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497–1499 (London, 1898), simplified from Wilhelm Tomaschek's reconstructed map for Maximilian Bittner's Die topographischen Capitel des Indischen Seespiegels Moḥîṭ (Vienna, 1897), based upon the Indian Ocean data in the Turkish admiral Sidi Ali Ben Hosein's 1554 Mohit ("Encyclopedia of the Sea") [i.e., Seydi Ali Reis's Kitab i-Muhit or "Book of the Ocean"].For a discussion of the isbas ("fingers") used here in place of degrees, see Ravenstein (1898), p. 26–27.
context_page_description: The Ottoman expeditions in the Indian Ocean were a series of Ottoman amphibious operations in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century. There were four expeditions between 1538 and 1554, during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.
context_section_description: The Ottoman expeditions in the Indian Ocean (Turkish: Hint seferleri or Hint Deniz seferleri, lit. "Indian Ocean campaigns") were a series of Ottoman amphibious operations in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century. There were four expeditions between 1538 and 1554, during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.
caption: A 1911 reconstruction of Ottoman knowledge of the Indian Ocean, recorded in Seydi Ali Reis's 1554 Mohit.
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