page_title: List of German inventions and discoveries
section_title: Education, language and printing
hierarchical_section_title: List of German inventions and discoveries / Education, language and printing
caption_attribution_description: Peter Small demonstrating the use of the Gutenberg press at the International Printing Museum.
context_page_description: German inventions and discoveries are ideas, objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated or discovered, partially or entirely, in Germany or abroad by a person from Germany. Often, things discovered for the first time are also called inventions and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two.
  Germany has been the home of many famous inventors, discoverers and engineers, including Carl von Linde, who developed the modern refrigerator; Paul Nipkow, who laid the foundation of the television with his Nipkow disk; Hans Geiger, the creator of the Geiger counter; and Konrad Zuse, who built the first fully automatic digital computer and the first commercial digital computer. Such German inventors, engineers and industrialists as Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, Otto Lilienthal, Gottlieb Daimler, Rudolf Diesel, Hugo Junkers and Karl Benz helped shape modern automotive and air transportation technology. Aerospace engineer Wernher von Braun developed the first space rocket at Peenemünde and later on was a prominent member of NASA and developed the Saturn V Moon rocket.
context_section_description: 12th century: Lingua Ignota, the first entirely artificial language, by St. Hildegard of Bingen, OSB
  c. 1440: Printing press with movable type by Johannes Gutenberg
  1605: First newspaper (Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien) by Johann Carolus in Strasbourg (then part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation)
  1774: The process of deinking by Justus Claproth
  1796: Lithography by Alois Senefelder
  Early 19th century: Humboldtian model of higher education by Wilhelm von Humboldt
  1812–1858: Grimms' Fairy Tales by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
  1830s: Kindergarten concept by Friedrich Fröbel
  1844: Wood pulp process for use in papermaking by Friedrich Gottlob Keller
  1879–80: The constructed language Volapük by Johann Martin Schleyer
  1884–1886: Linotype machine by Ottmar Mergenthaler
  1905: The Morse code distress signal SOS (▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄)
  1919: Waldorf education by Emil Molt and Rudolf Steiner in Stuttgart
  1937–1951: Interlingua by German-born Alexander Gode
caption: Recreated Gutenberg press
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