page_title: Waterfowl hunting
section_title: Regulations, sportsmanship, and safety
hierarchical_section_title: Waterfowl hunting / Regulations, sportsmanship, and safety
caption_attribution_description: English: Ducks Illegally Netted in Lake Ontario Subject: Poaching, Ducks Geographic Subject: United States--New York--Ontario, Lake, Canada--Ontario--Ontario, Lake Tag: Water Birds
context_page_description: Waterfowl hunting is the practice of hunting ducks, geese, or other waterfowl for food and sport.
  Many types of ducks and geese share the same habitat, have overlapping or identical hunting seasons, and are hunted using the same methods. Thus it is possible to take different species of waterfowl in the same outing. Waterfowl can be hunted in crop fields where they feed, or, more frequently, on or near bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps, sloughs, or oceanic coastlines.
context_section_description: Waterfowl hunting is highly regulated in most western countries. Hunters are required to obtain a hunting license and face strict limits on the number of birds that can be taken in a day (bag limits), and the total number of birds a hunter can possess (possession limits). 
  There were no regulations on waterfowl hunting from when the Paleo Indians arrived in North America to the early 20th century. In the early 20th century large bore shotguns and rifles were used. Traps were used.  Live decoys were used in front of blinds, as well as shotguns holding many shells.  Hunting was done throughout the year.  In 1913 the United States Congress passed the Weeks–McLean Act regulating waterfowl hunting; however, the states were successful in arguing that the constitution gave no such regulatory power to the federal government, and the statute was struck down.  In response, the United States negotiated the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 with the United Kingdom (which at the time was largely responsible for Canada's foreign affairs) covering the same substance, but would be constitutional because of the Supremacy Clause.  The treaty was upheld by the Supreme Court in Missouri v. Holland.
  In the United States, hunters must also purchase a federal duck stamp and often a state stamp. It is illegal to shoot ducks from a motor vehicle or a moving boat. Shooting sitting or swimming ducks is considered unsportsmanlike by some and possibly unsafe. Many practices that were once common in commercial duck hunting before the start of the 20th century, including laying baits such as corn, use of live ducks as "decoys," and use of guns larger than a 10-gauge, are now prohibited. In most areas, shotguns that can hold more than three shells must be modified to reduce their magazine size.  A wooden plug is installed in the hollow magazine of the shotgun.  Legal hunting is limited to a set time period (or "season"), which generally extends from fall to early winter, while birds are migrating south.
  The Conservation Order established by the USF&WS allows for hunting snow geese in March and April. The reason for this is that snow geese populations have become so large that more hunting is needed to control their populations, as they are destroying their habitat. Shotguns can be loaded to full capacity for hunting these geese.
  It is also considered good sportsmanship to make every possible attempt to retrieve dead or injured waterfowl the hunter has shot (In the Australian state of Victoria it is required by law). Birds are shot within range to prevent cripples. Shooting before birds are within range is also considered poor sportsmanship, as this often merely injures the birds and may drive them away before other hunters can fire.
  Many provinces in Canada and all states require hunters, including waterfowl hunters, to complete hunter safety courses before they can obtain a license. Waterfowl hunters fire short-range shotgun rounds into the air over often deserted bodies of water, so accidental injuries are rarer than in other hunting activities such as big game or deer hunting.
caption: Ducks are illegally netted in this photograph taken in 1916 which was presented to the Canadian Conservation of Fish, Birds and Game Committee.
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