page_title: Alikhan Bukeikhanov
section_title: Political life
hierarchical_section_title: Alikhan Bukeikhanov / Political life
caption_attribution_description: English: Akhmet Baitursynuly, Alikhan Bokeikhan and Mirzhakip Dulatuly in Orenburg Eesti: Ahmet Baitursõnulõ, Alihhan Bukeihhanov ja Miržakip Dulatulõ Orenburgis Русский: Ахмет Байтурсынулы, Алихан Букейханов и Миржакип Дулатулы в Оренбурге
context_page_description: Alikhan Nurmukhamedovich Bukeikhanov was a Kazakh statesman, politician, publicist, teacher, writer and environmental scientist who was a founder and led the Alash party. He served as the Prime Minister of the Alash Autonomy from 1917 to 1920, making him the first person in the history of Kazakhstan to hold such a position.
context_section_description: In 1905, Bukeikhanov's political activism began when he joined the Constitutional Democratic Party. In late 1905 at the Uralsk oblast party congress, he tried to create the Kazakh Democratic party but failed. As a result of this action, he was arrested and prohibited from living in the Steppe Oblasts. During his exile, he relocated to Samara. He was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Empire as a member of that party in 1906, and signed the Vyborg petition to protest the dissolution of the Duma by tsar. In 1908, he was arrested again and was exiled in Samara until 1917. While in Samara, he participated in the Samara Guberniya Committee of the People's Freedom party set up in 1915.
  In April 1917, Bukeikhanov, Akhmet Baitursynov and several other native political figures took the initiative to convening an All-Kazakh Congress in Orenburg. In its resolution the Congress urged the return to the native population of all the lands confiscated from it by the previous regime, and the expulsion of all the new settlers from the Kazakh-Kirghiz territories. Other resolutions demanded the transfer of the local schools into native hands, and the termination of the recruitment introduced in 1916. Within the group, Bukeikhanov sought to direct attention first to economic problems along with Russian liberals, chiefly the Kadets, whereas others sought to unite the Kazakhs with the other Turkic peoples of Russia. Three month later another Kazakh-Kirghiz Congress met in Orenburg. There for the first time the idea of territorial autonomy emerged, and a national Kazakh-Kirghiz political party was formed Alash Autonomy. Before the February Revolution, he collaborated with the Kadets in the hope of getting autonomous status for Kazakhs and contacted the head of the Russian Provisional Government Alexander Kerensky. Kerensky proceeded to make Bukeikhanov a commissar. On March 19, 1917, he was appointed as the Provisional Government Commissioner of Turgay Oblast. After the October Revolution, he was elected in 1917 as president of the Alash Orda government of Alash Autonomy.
  In 1920, after the establishment of Soviet hegemony, Bukeikhanov joined the Bolshevik party and returned to scientific life. His earlier political activities caused the authorities to view him with suspicion, leading to arrests in 1926 and 1928. In 1926, Bukeikhanov was arrested on the charge of counter-revolutionary activity and put into Butyrka prison in Moscow. But due to the lack of evidence in the criminal case against him, he was released from prison. In 1930, the authorities banished him to Moscow, where he was arrested a final time in 1937 and executed.
  It was not until 1989 that the Soviet authorities rehabilitated him.
caption: Akhmet Baitursynov, Alikhan Bukeikhanov and Mirjaqip Dulatuli in Orenburg in 1913.
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