page_title: José María de Oriol y Urquijo
section_title: Family and youth
hierarchical_section_title: José María de Oriol y Urquijo / Family and youth
caption_attribution_description: English: a corpse in uniform
context_page_description: José María de Oriol y Urquijo, 3rd Marquis of Casa Oriol was a Spanish entrepreneur and a Carlist and Francoist politician. During early Francoism a mayor of Bilbao, he is known mostly for his business activity, especially for his role in the Spanish energy industry, TALGO train development and the banking sector. He is counted among the most influential Spanish business managers of the 20th century.
context_section_description: José María Lucas Eusebio de Oriol y Urquijo was born to a distinguished family of Catalan origins, its first members noted in the history of Spain in the 17th century. Buenaventura de Oriol y Salvador sided with the legitimists during the First Carlist War. In recognition of his merits the claimant awarded him with Marquesado de Oriol in 1870; he was elected to the Cortes in 1872. The son of his brother and José María's paternal grandfather, José María de Oriol y Gordo (1845-1899), the native of Tortosa, joined Carlos VII during the Third Carlist War and served as jefe de Ayudantes of general Dorregaray. Following the amnesty he settled in Bilbao and married descendant of a local high bourgeoisie Urigüen family. His son and José María's father, José Luis de Oriol y Urigüen (1877-1972), emerged as a Carlist political mogul in Álava, withdrawing from active politics after the Civil War. Having wedded Catalina de Urquijo y Vitórica, descendant to a liberal oligarchic family controlling much of the Biscay finance, he married into enormous wealth. In the early 20th century he replaced his father-in-law as CEO of Hidroeléctrica Española and in 1942 was co-founder of TALGO; he is considered one of the most important Spanish entrepreneurs of the 20th century. In 1958 he was declared 2nd marquis of Oriol.
  José Luis and Catalina initially lived in Biscay, but they soon moved to Madrid. The couple had 8 children, all brought up in a fervently religious ambience; José María was the oldest one. Though born in the Vascongadas, he was raised in the capital, frequenting the Jesuit Areneros college in Chamartin district until obtaining bachillerato in 1922. Raised to be the future head of the family and especially key person to manage its huge and complex business, he entered the Madrid Escuela de Ingenieros Industriales. His studies progressed with some difficulty and were interrupted by military service in 1926-7; he resumed academic career as unenrolled student and graduated as engineer in 1928. A sportsman, he played football in Atlético Madrid and won local Biscay laurels in tennis.
  In 1929 José María married a sevillana, María Gracia Ibarra y Lasso de la Vega (1908-1981), daughter of 3rd conde de Ibarra. The couple had 7 children, José Luis (1930), María de Gracia (1931), Miguel (1933), Iñigo (1934), Maria del dulce Nombre (1937) Carlos (1940), and Begoña. José Luis, Iñigo and Carlos were active in family business and became recognized nationwide as entrepreneurs, while Miguel made his name as architect, author of Torre de Europa. His daughter and José María's granddaughter, Mónica de Oriol Icaza, until 2015 headed the Spanish Círculo de Empresarios. Brothers of José María grew to top Francoist dignitaries; Antonio María served as minister of justice (1965-1973) and president of Consejo de Estado (1973-1979), while Lucas was consejero nacional of FET until its dissolution, both active also as successful entrepreneurs. Another brother, Fernando, died as Carlist requeté volunteer.
caption: Corpse of Fernando Oriol
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