page_title: Quercus havardii
section_title: Management
hierarchical_section_title: Quercus havardii / Management
caption_attribution_description: English: Quercus havardii resprouting following disturbance along a west Texas highway.
context_page_description: Quercus havardii is a deciduous, low-growing, thicket-forming shrub that occupies some 2 to 3 million hectares in the southern Great Plains of North America. Clones may reach hundreds to thousands of years old, although aboveground stems typically live only 11 to 15 years. Shinnery oak stems are usually 1–2 m tall and codominate the plant community with mid- and tall-grasses which are usually taller than the oaks.
  The specific epithet honors U.S. Army surgeon and botanist Valery Havard, who contributed much to the knowledge of southwestern plants. The word "shinnery" seems to be derived from chêne, and not from the height of the plant.
context_section_description: A majority of shinnery oak occurs on private land used for agriculture and/or livestock production. It is considered undesirable on grazing lands, because it competes with better livestock forage and its buds and leaves are toxic to cattle for several weeks in spring. In addition, where cotton is grown near shinnery oak, boll weevils overwinter in the oak litter and infest nearby cotton fields in spring.  Thus, most research and other human effort concerning shinnery oak have been devoted to its eradication.
  The use of chemical and mechanical control methods has been extensive, making it likely that shinnery oak's distribution is decreasing.  Most authorities do not recommend complete eradication of shinnery oak, indicating that forage production is typically greater if some shinnery oak remains in the community.  Stocking rates and rotational grazing patterns exist that reduce the incidence of shinnery oak poisoning of cattle.  Excessive control of shinnery oak is controversial because it can open sandy soils to wind erosion and can conflict with wildlife-habitat quality.
  Shinnery oak sprouts prolifically from rhizomes soon after fire.  Researchers described the communities as "extremely fire hardy".
caption: Quercus havardii resprouting
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