page_title: Zhonghua minzu
hierarchical_section_title: Zhonghua minzu
caption_attribution_description: 穿旗袍的女人 (Woman wearing a cheongsam)
context_page_description: Zhonghua minzu is a key political term in modern Chinese nationalism related to the concepts of nation-building, ethnicity, and race in the Chinese nationality.
  Zhonghua minzu was established during the early Republican and Nationalist periods to include Han Chinese people and four major non-Han ethnic groups: the Man, the Meng, the Hui, and the Zang, under the notion of a republic of five races advocated by Sun Yat Sen and the Chinese Nationalist Party.
  Zhonghua minzu was initially rejected in the People's Republic of China but resurrected after Mao Zedong's death to include the mainstream Han Chinese and 55 other ethnic groups as a huge Chinese family. Since the late 1980s, the most fundamental change of the PRC's nationalities and minorities policies is the renaming from "the Chinese People" to "the Chinese Nation", signalling a shift away from a multi-national communist people's statehood of China to one multi-ethnic Chinese nation state with one single Chinese national identity.
context_section_description: Zhonghua minzu (simplified Chinese: 中华民族; traditional Chinese: 中華民族; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínzú; "Chinese nation") is a key political term in modern Chinese nationalism related to the concepts of nation-building, ethnicity, and race in the Chinese nationality.
  Zhonghua minzu was established during the early Republican (1912–1927) and Nationalist (1928–1949) periods to include Han Chinese people and four major non-Han ethnic groups: the Man (Manchus), the Meng (Mongols), the Hui (ethnic groups of Islamic faith in Northwest China), and the Zang (Tibetans), under the notion of a republic of five races (Chinese: 五族共和 or Wǔzú gònghé) advocated by Sun Yat Sen and the Chinese Nationalist Party.
  Zhonghua minzu was initially rejected in the People's Republic of China (PRC) but resurrected after Mao Zedong's death to include the mainstream Han Chinese and 55 other ethnic groups as a huge Chinese family. Since the late 1980s, the most fundamental change of the PRC's nationalities and minorities policies is the renaming from "the Chinese People" (中国人民 or Zhōngguó rénmín) to "the Chinese Nation" (Zhōnghuá mínzú), signalling a shift away from a multi-national communist people's statehood of China to one multi-ethnic Chinese nation state with one single Chinese national identity. With this the Chinese state shifts its claim of representation of people through citizenship, to representing a wider nation with anyone of one of the Chinese ethnicities as nationals, even if they are legaly nationals of other states, such as Taiwan or Singapore. This has caused confusion with calling people Chinese nationals which is the term in international law to refer to the Chinese citizens and not any people who are included in the national identity applied by the Chinese state.
caption: Woman wearing a cheongsam or qipao, a typical ethnic fusion dress of Manchu origin absorbing Han and Mongol styles.
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