page_title: Expressionism
section_title: Expressionist visual artists
hierarchical_section_title: Expressionism / Expressionist visual artists
caption_attribution_description: Height: 335 mm (13.18 in); Width: 595 mm (23.42 in) dimensions QS:P2048,335U174789;P2049,595U174789
context_page_description: Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas. Expressionist artists have sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality.
  Expressionism developed as an avant-garde style before the First World War. It remained popular during the Weimar Republic, particularly in Berlin. The style extended to a wide range of the arts, including expressionist architecture, painting, literature, theatre, dance, film and music.
  The term is sometimes suggestive of angst. In a historical sense, much older painters such as Matthias Grünewald and El Greco are sometimes termed expressionist, though the term is applied mainly to 20th-century works. The Expressionist emphasis on individual and subjective perspective has been characterized as a reaction to positivism and other artistic styles such as Naturalism and Impressionism.
context_section_description: Some of the style's main visual artists of the early 20th century were:
  Armenia: Martiros Saryan
  Australia: Sidney Nolan, Charles Blackman, John Perceval, Albert Tucker, and Joy Hester
  Austria: Egon Schiele, Oskar Kokoschka, Josef Gassler and Alfred Kubin
  Belgium: Marcel Caron, Anto Carte, Auguste Mambour, - Flemish Expressionism: Constant Permeke, Gustave De Smet, Frits Van den Berghe, James Ensor, Albert Servaes, Floris Jespers and Gustave Van de Woestijne.
  Brazil: Anita Malfatti, Cândido Portinari, Di Cavalcanti, Iberê Camargo and Lasar Segall.
  Denmark: Einer Johansen
  Estonia: Konrad Mägi, Eduard Wiiralt, Kuno Veeber
  Finland: Tyko Sallinen, Alvar Cawén, and Wäinö Aaltonen.
  France: Frédéric Fiebig, Georges Rouault, Georges Gimel, Gen Paul, Chaim Soutine, Marie-Thérèse Auffray and Bernard Buffet.
  Germany: Ernst Barlach, Max Beckmann, Fritz Bleyl, Heinrich Campendonk, Otto Dix, Conrad Felixmüller, George Grosz, Erich Heckel, Carl Hofer, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Käthe Kollwitz, Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler, August Macke, Franz Marc, Ludwig Meidner, Paula Modersohn-Becker, Otto Mueller, Gabriele Münter, Rolf Nesch, Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein, and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
  Greece: George Bouzianis
  Hungary: Tivadar Kosztka Csontváry
  Iceland: Einar Hákonarson
  Ireland: Jack B. Yeats
  Indonesia: Affandi
  Italy: Emilio Giuseppe Dossena
  Japan: Kōshirō Onchi
  Mexico: Mathias Goeritz (German émigré to Mexico), Rufino Tamayo
  Netherlands: Willem Hofhuizen, Herman Kruyder, Jan Sluyters, Vincent van Gogh, Jan Wiegers and Hendrik Werkman
  Norway: Edvard Munch, Kai Fjell
  Poland: Henryk Gotlib
  Portugal: Mário Eloy, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso
  Russia: Wassily Kandinsky, Marc Chagall, Alexej von Jawlensky, Natalia Goncharova, Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, and Marianne von Werefkin (Russian-born, later active in Germany and Switzerland).
  Romania:Horia Bernea
  South Africa: Maggie Laubser, Irma Stern
  Sweden: Leander Engström, Isaac Grünewald, Axel Törneman
  Switzerland: Carl Eugen Keel, Cuno Amiet, Paul Klee
  Ukraine: Alexis Gritchenko (Ukraine-born, most active in France), Vadim Meller
  United Kingdom: Francis Bacon, Frank Auerbach, Leon Kossoff, Lucian Freud, Patrick Heron, John Hoyland, Howard Hodgkin, John Walker
  United States: Ivan Albright, David Aronson, Milton Avery, Leonard Baskin, George Biddle, Hyman Bloom, Peter Blume, Charles Burchfield, David Burliuk, Stuart Davis, Lyonel Feininger, Wilhelmina Weber Furlong, Elaine de Kooning, Willem de Kooning, Beauford Delaney, Arthur G. Dove, Norris Embry, Philip Evergood, Kahlil Gibran, William Gropper, Philip Guston, Marsden Hartley, Albert Kotin, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Rico Lebrun, Jack Levine, Alfred Henry Maurer, Robert Motherwell, Alice Neel, Abraham Rattner, Ben Shahn, Harry Shoulberg, Joseph Stella, Harry Sternberg, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Dorothea Tanning, Wilhelmina Weber, Max Weber, Hale Woodruff, Karl Zerbe.
caption: Rolf Nesch, Elbe Bridge I
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