page_title: Wh-movement
section_title: Bulgarian
hierarchical_section_title: Wh-movement / Multiple Wh-Questions / Bulgarian
caption_attribution_description: English: Syntax Tree of Bulgarian Multiple Wh-Movement structure under [Spec,CP] derrived from jsSyntaxtree online syntax tree maker
context_page_description: In linguistics, wh-movement concerns rules of syntax involving the placement of interrogative words. In plain terms, it refers to an asymmetry between the syntactical arrangement of words or morphemes in a question and the form of answers to that question; specifically, the placement of the question word. An example in English is "What are you doing?", a response to which could be "I am editing Wikipedia."; in which the answer is at the end of the sentence but the question word is at the beginning.
  Interrogative forms are known within English linguistics as wh-words because most question words in the English language start with a wh-; such as what, when, where, who, and why. In English, only one interrogative word does not begin with wh-, namely how. In languages with wh-movement, sentences or clauses with a wh-word show a special word order that places the wh-word at the front of the sentence or clause instead of the canonical position later in the sentence. Leaving the wh-word in its canonical position is called wh-in situ.
context_section_description: ln Bulgarian, the [+ wh] feature of C motivates multiple Wh-word movements, which leads to multiple specifiers. It requires formation of clusters of wh-phrases in [Spec,CP] in the matrix clause. This is different from English because in English, only one Wh-word moves to [Spec,CP] when there is multiple wh-words in a clause. This is because in Bulgarian, unlike English, all movements of wh-elements take place in the syntax, where movement is shown overtly. The phrase structure for Wh-words in Bulgarian would look like is shown in Figure 1 below, where a Wh-cluster is formed under [Spec, CP].
  In Bulgarian and Romanian, a Wh-element is attracted into [Spec,CP] and the other Wh-elements are adjoined into the first Wh-word in [Spec,CP].
  In Example 1, we see that the both Wh-words underwent movement and are in a [Spec,CP] cluster.
caption: Figure 1. Phrase structure of Multiple Wh-Movement in Bulgarian
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