page_title: The Flashman Papers
section_title: Other references
hierarchical_section_title: The Flashman Papers / Other references
caption_attribution_description: The battle between Crib [Cribb] and Molineaux. Hand colored engraving.
context_page_description: The Flashman Papers is a series of novels and short stories written by George MacDonald Fraser, the first of which was published in 1969. The books centre on the exploits of the fictional protagonist Harry Flashman. He is a cowardly British soldier, rake and cad who is placed in a series of real historical incidents between 1839 and 1894. While the incidents and much of the detail in the novels have a factual background, Flashman's actions in the stories are either fictional, or Fraser uses the actions of unidentified individuals and assigns them to Flashman. Flashman is a character in the 1857 novel by Thomas Hughes, Tom Brown's School Days; Hughes' version of the character is a bully at Rugby School who is expelled for drunkenness. The character was then developed by Fraser, and appeared in the 1969 novel Flashman. Fraser went on to write a total of eleven novels and one collection of short stories featuring the character.
  During the course of Fraser's novels, Flashman goes from his expulsion from school into the army.
context_section_description: Flashman also appears in another book by Fraser, Mr American, age 88, while his father was one of the financial backers of the bare-knuckle boxer Tom Molineaux in Black Ajax.
caption: Tom Molineaux—Black Ajax—(fourth from the left) was financially backed by Flashman's father.
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