page_title: Charibael
section_title: Identification
hierarchical_section_title: Charibael / Identification
caption_attribution_description: Himyarite Kingdom (South Arabia) Augustus Imitation coin, 1st Century CE
context_page_description: Charibael was a South Arabian ruler described in and contemporary with the 1st-century AD Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.
context_section_description: Since Glaser's 19th-century work with Arabian inscriptions, Charibael is usually identified with the Kariba-il Watar Yuhan'im who ruled Himyar sometime between AD 40 and 70. The issue is muddied by two factors. First, the rulers of Himyar and Saba both employed the title "king of Saba and Dhu Raydan"; the title was also assumed by Hadramauti invaders around the time. The existence of such competing claims is even implied by the Periplus's own phrasing, calling Charibael the "lawful" king in probable distinction to less powerful rivals. Second, the inscriptions have revealed five different Karibʾīls during the 1st century. Thus, the Periplus’s "Charibael" is sometimes identified as Karibʾīl Bayān, son of Dhamarʿalī Dharib and king of Saba during the AD 80s.
caption: A counterfeit Roman coin from 1st-century Yemen
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