page_title: HMS Royal Charles (1655)
hierarchical_section_title: HMS Royal Charles (1655)
caption_attribution_description: Nederlands: IdentificatieTitel(s): Spiegelversiering van de Royal CharlesObjecttype: spiegelversiering Objectnummer: NG-MC-239Opschriften / Merken: opschrift, op de kousenband: ‘[HONI] SOIT Q[VI M]AL Y PEN[S]E’opschrift, op de banderol: ‘DIEV ET MON DROIT’opschrift, op de dij van de leeuw, gebeiteld: ‘EY’Omschrijving: Gepolychromeerd, gebeeldhouwde spiegelversiering, voorstellende het Engelse koningswapen van het huis Stuart, gedragen door een gekroonde leeuw aan bakboord en een geketende eenhoorn aan stuurboord.VervaardigingVervaardiger: houtsnijder: anoniemPlaats vervaardiging: EngelandDatering: ca. 1663 - ca. 1664Fysieke kenmerken: houtMateriaal: hout Techniek: polychromieAfmetingen: h 277 cm. × b 378 cm. × d 120 cm. × g 600 kgToelichtingHet Engelse linieschip van 100 stukken Naseby werd in 1655 gebouwd; de naam werd gekozen ter ere van Cromwells overwinning bij die plaats. Bij het herstel van de Engelse monarchie in 1660 werd het herdoopt The Royal Charles toen het de in ballingschap verkerende prins Karel Stuart van Scheveningen terug naar Engeland bracht om aldaar tot koning Karel II te worden gekroond; het schip kreeg kort daarna deze versiering. Het schip was het Engelse admiraalschip in vele confrontaties met de Nederlanders. In juni 1667, bij de roemruchte Tocht naar Chatham van Michiel Adriaensz. de Ruyter en Cornelis de Witt, werd het schip met enige anderen buitgemaakt en naar de Maas gesleept. Het bleek echter te groot voor gebruik in de Nederlandse vloot, en werd daarom in 1673 te Hellevoetsluis gesloopt. Het wapen werd gedurende lange tijd in de magazijnen te Hellevoetsluis beWaar: d, en in het begin van de 19de eeuw door schout-bij-nacht Job Seaburn May in de wapenkamer van de Rijkswerf te Rotterdam gehangen en van een opschrift voorzien dat boven aan de spiegelversiering werd bevestigd. Na de opheffing van die werf werd het stuk in 1855 aan de Marinemodellenkamer te Den Haag overgedragen.OnderwerpWat: knighthood orderbeasts of prey, predatory animals: lionunicornTocht naar ChathamWanneer: 1660 - 1673WaarChathamHellevoetsluisWie: Michiel Adriaansz. de RuyterCornelis de WittKarel II (koning van Engeland)Orde van de KousebandRoyal Charles (schip)Verwerving en rechtenVerwerving: overdracht van beheer 1883Copyright: Publiek domein
context_page_description: Royal Charles was an 80-gun first-rate three-decker ship of the line of the English Navy. She was built by Peter Pett and launched at Woolwich Dockyard in 1655, for the navy of the Commonwealth of England. She was originally called Naseby, named in honour of Sir Thomas Fairfax's decisive 1645 victory over the Royalist forces during the English Civil Wars. She was ordered in 1654 as one of a programme of four second rates, intended to carry 60 guns each. However, she was altered during construction to mount a complete battery of guns along the upper deck, and so was reclassed as a first rate.
  In the run-up to the Restoration of the monarchy in May of 1660, she was anchored in The Downs off Deal, where her laurel-crowned figurehead of Oliver Cromwell was removed before sailing to the Dutch Republic at the head of the fleet sent to bring King Charles II back to England, captained by Sir Edward Montagu and still under her Parliamentary name. On arrival in Scheveningen she took Charles and his entourage on board. on 23 May 1660 the King and the Duke renamed her from Naseby to HMS Royal Charles. The ship landed them at Dover on 25 May.
context_section_description: Royal Charles was an 80-gun first-rate three-decker ship of the line of the English Navy.  She was built by Peter Pett and launched at Woolwich Dockyard in 1655, for the navy of the Commonwealth of England. She was originally called Naseby, named in honour of Sir Thomas Fairfax's decisive 1645 victory over the Royalist forces during the English Civil Wars.  She was ordered in 1654 as one of a programme of four second rates, intended to carry 60 guns each.  However, she was altered during construction to mount a complete battery of guns along the upper deck (compared with the partial battery on this deck of her intended sisters, on which there were no gunports in the waist along this deck), and so was reclassed as a first rate.
  In the run-up to the Restoration of the monarchy in May (June, New Style) of 1660, she was anchored in The Downs off Deal, where her laurel-crowned figurehead of Oliver Cromwell was removed before sailing to the Dutch Republic at the head of the fleet sent to bring King Charles II back to England, captained by Sir Edward Montagu and still under her Parliamentary name. On arrival in Scheveningen she took Charles and his entourage (including Samuel Pepys) on board.  on 23 May 1660 the King and the Duke renamed her from Naseby to HMS Royal Charles. The ship landed them at Dover on 25 May.
  Under her new name, she joined the Royal Navy, which formally came into being in 1660. At 1,229 tons, Naseby was larger than Sovereign of the Seas built by Phineas Pett, Peter's father. Unlike Sovereign of the Seas, which was in service from 1637 to 1697, Naseby was to enjoy only twelve years in service.
  As Royal Charles she took part in the Second Anglo-Dutch War. In 1665, she fought in the Battle of Lowestoft under the command of the Lord High Admiral, James Stuart, Duke of York, her captain being Sir William Penn. During that battle she probably destroyed the Dutch flagship Eendracht. In 1666, she participated in two further actions, the Four Days Battle and the defeat of Admiral Michiel de Ruyter in the St. James's Day Battle off the North Foreland.
  In 1667, flagging English national morale was further depressed by the Raid on the Medway in which a Dutch fleet invaded the Thames and Medway rivers and on 12 June captured the uncommissioned Royal Charles, removing her with great skill to Hellevoetsluis in the United Provinces. The Dutch did not take her into naval service because it was considered that she drew too much water for general use on the Dutch coast. Instead the Royal Charles was permanently drydocked near Hellevoetsluis as a tourist attraction, with day trips being organised for large parties, often of foreign state guests. After vehement protests by Charles that this insulted his honour, the official visits were ended when she was auctioned for scrap in 1673.
  The wooden carving showing the royal arms, originally placed on the ship's transom, was, however, preserved. After remaining at Hellevoetsluis for a while, it was brought to a naval shipbuilding yard in Rotterdam in the nineteenth century, and in 1855 was transferred to the Dutch navy's model collection. It is now on display in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, which took most of the naval collection in the 1880s.
caption: The stern piece preserved at Amsterdam
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