page_title: Johann Georg Stauffer
section_title: Instruments
hierarchical_section_title: Johann Georg Stauffer / Instruments
caption_attribution_description: Stauffer Guitars &amp; early Martin Guitars - C.F. Martin Guitar Factory 2012-08-06 - 004 Exhibits Vienna era Johann Stauffer Terz Guitar (c.1820-1830) (Vienna Stauffer-style guitar by C. F. Martin, Sr.) (1834-1835) Details Vienna era Johann Stauffer Terz Guitar (c.1820-1830) Johann Stauffer Terz Guitar ca. 1820-1830 (Signed Johann A. Stauffer) This pre-Martin guitar was made at the Stauffer factory in Vienna, possibly during the time period between 1811 and 1824 when C. F. Martin, Sr. worked in Stauffer's shop. It is the Luigi Legnani model. Legnani was perhaps the most famous guitarists of his day, and his special endorsee relationship with the luthiers at the Stauffer shop is well documented. "Terz" models had a shorter string length and were intended to be tuned a minor third above standard pitch. C. F. Martin, Sr. also made Terz model in the Stauffer style after coming to America. This special guitar was acquired through the courtesy of James Westbrook of the Guitar Museum in East Sussex, England. (Vienna Stauffer-style guitar by C. F. Martin, Sr.) (1834-1835) ... ... ... collection of Peter Stego Although C. F. Martin, Sr. ... ... that 3... of his earlier guitars were produced with "one sided screws" (referring to a sloped headstock with machine tuners), this guitar, built in 1834-35, is one of the few known examples. The original machine tuners were replaced with ones made in the 1850s by John Ashborn. C. F. Martin's only major competitor. On loan courtesy of Peter Stego
context_page_description: This page is mainly based on a translation of the German Wikipedia article, located here.
  Johann Georg Stauffer was an Austrian luthier and the most important Viennese luthier of his time.
context_section_description: The "Viennese guitar" as built by Johann Georg Stauffer is a gut string guitar with a curved back, narrower waist and bridge pins. In 1822 Stauffer and Johann Ertl received an imperial commission for improvement of the guitar, focusing on the extension of the fingerboard, above (not attached to) the soundboard, the development of machine heads and the use of embedded metal frets.
  By 1825/30, the instruments usually had a headstock in a figure eight shape (similar in shape to the guitar's body). In 1825 Stauffer invented the machine heads named after him: a metal plate with an asymmetrical "scroll" headstock, machine heads with worm gears mounted on the plate, arranged in a single line on the upper side of the head stock (six-in-line). This "Stauffer" headstock and design was reproduced by his son Anton, and copied by many luthiers in the 19th century. The asymmetrical headstock is variously referred to as being shaped like a "scroll" (a violin scroll in profile), a "snail", and a "Persian slipper". The Stauffer-style scroll headstock and tuning machines have been in use since the 19th century and continue to be used on guitar-related instruments in Central Europe such as larger tamburica. As of 2018, Stauffer style tuning machines are still made by some companies, and some luthiers continue to make “Viennese guitars”.
  In 1823 J. G. Stauffer built his Arpeggione, an instrument with characteristics of the guitar and the cello.  Composer Franz Schubert (1797-1828), who also had a Stauffer guitar, wrote a sonata for the Arpeggione, an otherwise almost unnoticed instrument (see Sonata for Arpeggione and Piano in A minor (D 821)). Stauffer also built Terz guitars, the Contraguitar, and experimented with new forms of violin. The luthier Peter Teufelsdorfer, based in the Hungarian city of Pest was for some time in dispute with Stauffer over some of his inventions, which Teufelsdorfer said he had developed himself (but which may have been invented independently).
caption: left: Johann Georg Stauffer Terz Guitar (c. 1820-30) 
  right: Vienna Stauffer-style guitar by Christian Frederick Martin (1834–35)
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