page_title: World Chess Championship
section_title: Karpov and Kasparov (1975–1993)
hierarchical_section_title: World Chess Championship / History / FIDE title (1948–1993) / Karpov and Kasparov (1975–1993)
caption_attribution_description: Nederlands: Collectie / Archief&#160;: Fotocollectie Anefo Reportage / Serie&#160;: Interpolis Schaaktoernooi in Tilburg Beschrijving&#160;: De 18-jarige Rus Garri Kasparov aan zet Datum&#160;: 2 oktober 1981 Locatie&#160;: Noord-Brabant, Tilburg Trefwoorden&#160;: portretten, schaken, sport, wedstrijden Persoonsnaam&#160;: Kasparov, Garri Fotograaf&#160;: Antonisse, Marcel / Anefo Auteursrechthebbende&#160;: Nationaal Archief Materiaalsoort&#160;: Negatief (zwart/wit) Nummer archiefinventaris&#160;: bekijk toegang 2.24.01.05 Bestanddeelnummer&#160;: 931-7203
context_page_description: The World Chess Championship is played to determine the world champion in chess. The current world champion is Magnus Carlsen of Norway.
  The first generally recognized world championship took place in 1886, when the two leading players in the world, Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort, played a match, which was won by Steinitz. From 1886 to 1946, the champion set the terms, requiring any challenger to raise a sizable stake and defeat the champion in a match in order to become the new world champion. Following the death of reigning world champion Alexander Alekhine in 1946, FIDE took over administration of the World Championship, organizing their first championship in a 1948 tournament. In 1993, reigning champion Garry Kasparov broke away from FIDE, which led to a rival claimant to the title of World Champion for the next thirteen years. The titles were unified at the World Chess Championship 2006, with the unified title again administered by FIDE.
  Since 2014, the schedule has settled on a two-year cycle with a championship held in every even year. Magnus Carlsen has been world champion since he defeated Viswanathan Anand in 2013.
context_section_description: After becoming world champion by default, Karpov confirmed his worthiness for the title with a string of tournament successes from the mid 70s to the early 80s. He defended his title twice against ex-Soviet Viktor Korchnoi, first in Baguio in 1978 (6–5 with 21 draws) then in Merano in 1981 (6–2, with 10 draws).
  He eventually lost his title to Garry Kasparov, whose aggressive tactical style was in sharp contrast to Karpov's positional style. The two of them fought five incredibly close world championship matches, the World Chess Championship 1984 (controversially terminated without result with Karpov leading +5 −3 =40), World Chess Championship 1985 (in which Kasparov won the title, 13–11), World Chess Championship 1986 (narrowly won by Kasparov, 12½–11½), World Chess Championship 1987 (drawn 12–12, Kasparov retaining the title), and World Chess Championship 1990 (again narrowly won by Kasparov, 12½–11½).
  In the five matches Kasparov and Karpov played 144 games with 104 draws, 21 wins by Kasparov and 19 wins by Karpov.
caption: Garry Kasparov defeated Karpov to become the 13th World Champion. He was undisputed World Champion from 1985 to 1993, and held the split title until 2000.
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