page_title: Δ13C
hierarchical_section_title: Δ13C
context_page_description: In geochemistry, paleoclimatology, and paleoceanography δ¹³C is an isotopic signature, a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes ¹³C: ¹²C, reported in parts per thousand. The measure is also widely used in archaeology for the reconstruction of past diets, particularly to see if marine foods or certain types of plants were consumed
  The definition is, in per mil:
  ‰
  where the standard is an established reference material.
  δ¹³C varies in time as a function of productivity, the signature of the inorganic source, organic carbon burial, and vegetation type. Biological processes preferentially take up the lower mass isotope through kinetic fractionation. However some abiotic processes do the same, methane from hydrothermal vents can be depleted by up to 50%.
context_section_description: In geochemistry, paleoclimatology, and paleoceanography δ¹³C (pronounced "delta c thirteen") is an isotopic signature, a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes ¹³C : ¹²C, reported in parts per thousand (per mil, ‰). The measure is also widely used in archaeology for the reconstruction of past diets, particularly to see if marine foods or certain types of plants were consumed 
  The definition is, in per mil:
   ‰
  where the standard is an established reference material.
  δ¹³C varies in time as a function of productivity, the signature of the inorganic source, organic carbon burial, and vegetation type. Biological processes preferentially take up the lower mass isotope through kinetic fractionation. However some abiotic processes do the same, methane from hydrothermal vents can be depleted by up to 50%.
caption: Foraminifera samples
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