page_title: Inorganic carbodiimide
hierarchical_section_title: Inorganic carbodiimide
caption_attribution_description: Français&#160;: Electrochemical performance of FeNCN as anode material for Li-ion batteries
context_page_description: Inorganic carbodiimides design a family of compounds containing the carbodiimide anion NCN²⁻ bonded to an inorganic group such as a metal.
  Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro were the first to synthesize calcium cyanamide and to develop a route for its production at the industrial level in 1898. But, the very first beginning of the metal carbodiimides/cyanamides goes back to the 1870s. One can find detailed reports by E. Drechsel on the preparation of Ag₂NCN, CaNCN, BaNCN, K₂NCN and Li₂NCN between 1875 and 1898. The preparation of Cd, Zn, Tl, Cu, Pb and Hg carboimides has been described during the 1950s. CaNCN is by the far the most known since it has been produced since 1898 and used as a fertilizer.
  Starting from 2000s, rare earth metal carbodiimides Ln₂(NCN)₃ and transition metal carbodiimides TNCN and Cr₂(NCN)₃have been reported. Non-metallic carbodiimides are also known such as Si(NCN)₂.
  Tₓy binaries adopt generally structures with cationic layers made of octahedrally coordinated T²⁺/T³⁺ cations alternating with anionic layers of NCN2– in various structures such as rock-salt, NiAs- and NaN₃-like structures.
context_section_description: Inorganic carbodiimides (or cyanamides depending on the NCN²⁻ form) design a family of compounds containing the carbodiimide (or cyanamide) anion NCN²⁻ bonded to an inorganic group such as a metal. 
  Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro were the first to synthesize calcium cyanamide (CaNCN) and to develop a route for its production at the industrial level in 1898. But, the very first beginning of the metal carbodiimides/cyanamides goes back to the 1870s. One can find detailed reports by E. Drechsel on the preparation of Ag₂NCN, CaNCN, BaNCN, K₂NCN and Li₂NCN between 1875 and 1898 (before even XRD invention). The preparation of  Cd, Zn, Tl, Cu, Pb and Hg carboimides has been described during the 1950s. CaNCN is by the far the most known since it has been produced since 1898 and used as a fertilizer.
  Starting from 2000s, rare earth metal carbodiimides Ln₂(NCN)₃ (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Tm) and transition metal carbodiimides TNCN (T= Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)  and Cr₂(NCN)₃have been reported. Non-metallic carbodiimides are also known such as Si(NCN)₂.
  Tₓ(NCN)y binaries adopt generally structures with cationic layers made of octahedrally coordinated T²⁺/T³⁺ cations alternating with anionic layers of NCN2– in various structures such as rock-salt, NiAs- and NaN₃-like structures. A side of binary carbodiimides, ternary (SrZn(NCN)2) and quaternary ones (Li₂Sm₂Sr(NCN)₅ ) have also been prepared via solid-state metathesis.
  Dimorphism is observed in inorganic carbodiimide. HgNCN for example can adopt two structures with two different NCN configurations, this means that HgNCN can have either carbodiimide or cyanamide structures.
  Recently, metal carbodiimides are explored as anode materials for lithium and sodium ion batteries and found to present better specific capacities compared to conventional graphite and hard carbon electrode materials.
caption: Electrochemical performance of FeNCN as anode material for Li-ion batteries
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