page_title: Samuel Sewall
section_title: Biography
hierarchical_section_title: Samuel Sewall / Biography
caption_attribution_description: English: Photograph of broadside of poem written in Latin by Nehemiah Hobart, originally of Hingham, Massachusetts, and printed at Boston 27 March 1712 by Samuel Sewall of Boston. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/rbpe:@field(DOCID+@lit(rbpe03304100)) The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
context_page_description: Samuel Sewall was a judge, businessman, and printer in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, best known for his involvement in the Salem witch trials, for which he later apologized, and his essay The Selling of Joseph, which criticized slavery. He served for many years as the chief justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature, the province's high court.
context_section_description: Sewall was born in Bishopstoke, Hampshire, England, on March 28, 1652, the son of Henry and Jane (Dummer) Sewall.  His father, son of the mayor of Coventry, had come to the English North American Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635, where he married Sewall's mother, and returned to England in the 1640s.
  Following the restoration of Charles II to the English throne, the Sewalls again crossed the Atlantic in 1661, settling in Newbury, Massachusetts. It is there the young Samuel "Sam" grew up along the Parker River and Plum Island Sound.
  Like other local boys he attended school at the home of James Noyes, whose cousin, Reverend Thomas Parker, was the principal instructor.  From Parker, Sewall acquired a lifelong love of verse, which he wrote in both English and Latin.  In 1667 Sewall entered Harvard College, where his classmates included Edward Taylor and Daniel Gookin, with whom he formed enduring friendships.  Sewall received his first degree, a BA, in 1671, and his MA in 1674.  In 1674 he served as librarian of Harvard for nine months, the second person to hold that post.  That year he began keeping a journal, which he maintained for most of his life; it is one of the major historical documents of the time.  In 1679 he became a member of the Military Company of Massachusetts.
  Sewall's involvement in the political affairs of the colony began when he became a freeman of the colony, giving him the right to vote.  In 1681 he was appointed the official printer of the colony; one of the first works he published was John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress.  After John Hull died in 1683, Sewall was elected to replace him on the colony's council of assistants, a body that functioned both as the upper house of the legislature and as a court of appeals.  He also became a member of Harvard's Board of Overseers.
  Sewall's oral examination for the MA was a public affair and was witnessed by Hannah Hull, daughter of colonial merchant and mintmaster John Hull.  She was apparently taken by the young man's charms, and pursued him; they were married in February 1676.  Her father, whose work as mintmaster had made him quite wealthy, gave the couple £500 in colonial currency as a wedding gift.  (Biographer Richard Francis notes that the weight of this amount of specie, 125 pounds (57 kg), may have approximated the bride's weight, giving rise to Nathaniel Hawthorne's legend that the gift was her weight in coins.)  Sewall moved into his in-laws' mansion in Boston, and was soon involved in that family's business and political affairs. He and Hannah would have fourteen children before her death in 1717, although only a few survived to adulthood.
  He also entered local politics, and was elevated to the position of assistant magistrate in the judiciary. In 1692 he was one of the nine judges appointed to the court of Oyer and Terminer in Salem, charged with trying those from Salem Town and elsewhere who were accused of witchcraft. His diary recounts many of the more famous episodes of the trials, such as the agonizing death under torture of Giles Corey, and reflects the growing public unease about the guilt of many of the accused.  Sewall's brother Stephen had meanwhile opened up his home to one of the initially afflicted children, Betty Parris, daughter of Salem Village's minister, Samuel Parris, and shortly afterward Betty's "afflictions" appear to have subsided.
  Sewall was perhaps most remarkable among the justices involved in the trials in that he later regretted his role, going so far as to call for a public day of prayer, fasting, and reparations. Following the dissolution of the court, the Sewall family was blighted by what Sewall thought to be punishments from God.  In the five years after the Trials, two of Sewall's daughters and Hannah's mother died and Hannah gave birth to a stillborn child.  What convinced Sewall of his need for public repentance was a recitation of Matthew 12:7, "If ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless".  Not only had Sewall's home life been shaken, but 
caption: Poem by Nehemiah Hobart in Latin, printed by Samuel Sewall, Boston, 1712
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