page_title: Lawrence Milner
section_title: Legacy
hierarchical_section_title: Lawrence Milner / Legacy
caption_attribution_description: English: Frances Perkins, U.S. Secretary of Labor.
context_page_description: Major Lawrence Milner was a retired major in the Oregon National Guard, who served for four years as an undercover G-2 agent in the Portland Communist Party, lied under oath while testifying, and "brought the state of Oregon into the plot" against Australian-born longshoremen union leader Harry Bridges in what TIME magazine called "the most important deportation hearing of the decade."
context_section_description: As the hearing ended, TIME magazine noted that "some Congressmen think" Labor Secretary Perkins should have been "impeached for not sending Bridges away long ago."
  In its August 13, 1940, issue, the New Masses called Milner a "self-professed Communist chauffeur and undercover operative of the Military Department of Oregon" who became "cornered by his admitted perjury, virtually begging for mercy." 
  One of the legacies of this hearing was the Smith Act of 1940, written so federal authorities could deport Bridges in a future attempt (the Smith Act allowed deportation of an alien who was a member or affiliated "at any time" since arriving in the U.S. with such an organization advocating overthrow of the government). The Smith Act led in turn to the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders, which lasted from 1949 to 1958.
caption: Frances Perkins, 4th United States Secretary of Labor, received calls for her own impeachment for her role in the Bridges case from the Republican-dominated US Congress
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