page_title: Schiaparelli EDM
section_title: Instrument and sensor payload
hierarchical_section_title: Schiaparelli EDM / Instrument and sensor payload
caption_attribution_description: English: Image of the LaRRI (Laser RetroReflector for InSight) instrument installed on the InSight Mars lander.
context_page_description: Schiaparelli EDM was a failed Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module of the ExoMars programme—a joint mission of the European Space Agency and the Russian space agency Roscosmos. It was built in Italy and was intended to test technology for future soft landings on the surface of Mars. It also had a limited but focused science payload that would have measured atmospheric electricity on Mars and local meteorological conditions.
  Launched together with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter on 14 March 2016, Schiaparelli attempted a landing on 19 October 2016. Telemetry signals from Schiaparelli, monitored in real time by the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope in India, were lost about one minute from the surface during the final landing stages. On 21 October 2016, NASA released an image by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter showing what appears to be the lander's crash site. The telemetry data accumulated and relayed by ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and Mars Express were used to investigate the failure modes of the landing technology employed.
context_section_description: The primary mission goal was to test the landing systems, including the parachute, Doppler radar altimeter, hydrazine thrusters, etc. The secondary mission goal was scientific. The lander was to measure the wind speed and direction, humidity, pressure and surface temperature, and determine the transparency of the atmosphere.  The surface science payload was called DREAMS, and was designed to conduct meteorological data for a few days after landing, as well as measure the first measurements of atmospheric static electricity on Mars.
  A descent camera (DECA) was included in the payload. Its captured images were to be transmitted after landing. AMELIA, COMARS+, and DECA collected data during the entry, descent, and landing for about six minutes. Much of this data was transmitted while it was descending. Although EDL portion was designed to last literally a few minutes, and the surface observations at most a few days, one instrument, INRRI, was a passive laser retro-reflector that could be used as long as possible, even decades later, for laser range-finding of the lander.
  INRRI was mounted to the top (zenith) side of the lander, to enable spacecraft above to target it. Its mass was about 25 grams, and it was contributed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI). The design used a cube corner reflector to return incoming laser light. The cubes are made of fused silica which are mounted to an aluminum support structure. INRRI was also mounted to the InSight Mars lander.
  Summary of the science-technology payload
  DREAMS (Dust Characterization, Risk Assessment, and Environmental Analyser on the Martian Surface)
  MetWind (wind detection)
  DREAMS-H (humidity detection)
  DREAMS-P (pressure detection)
  MarsTem (temperature detection)
  Solar Irradiance Sensor (transparency of the atmosphere)
  Micro-ARES (atmospheric electricity detector)
  AMELIA (Atmospheric Mars Entry and Landing Investigation and Analysis)
  DECA (Descent Camera)
  COMARS+ (Combined Aerothermal Sensor Package)
  Measured heat during Mars atmospheric entry.
  INRRI (INstrument for landing - Roving laser Retroreflector Investigations)
  Compact laser retro-reflector for detecting the lander by laser-ranging
caption: INRRI was included on the InSight Mars lander. It is seen here on InSight's deck in preparation for launch.
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