page_title: Brussels
section_title: 20th century
hierarchical_section_title: Brussels / History / 20th century
caption_attribution_description: العربية: مؤتمر سولڤاي عن ميكانيكا الكم، سنة 1927م. ألتُقطت الصورة من قبل بنيامين كوپري، في مؤسسة سولڤاي للدراسات الفيزيائيَّة، في بروكسل، ببلجيكا. من الخلف إلى الأمام ومن اليسار إلى اليمين: أوگست پيكارد، إيميل هنريوت، پول إهرنفست، إدوارد هرتزن، تيوفيل دو دوندر، إرڤين شرودنگر، يولس-إيميل ڤيرشافت، ڤولفگانگ پاولي، ڤيرنر هايزنبيرگ، رالف فاولر، ليون برويون، پيتر ديباي، مارتن كنودسن، ويليام لورنس براگ، هندريك أنطوني كرامرز، پول ديراك، آرثر كومپتون، لويس دي بروي، ماكس بورن، نيلس بور، إرڤينگ لانگموير، ماكس پلانك، ماري كوري، هندريك أنطون لورنتس، ألبرت أينشتاين، پول لانجڤان، شارل أوجين گاي، تشارلز ويلسون، أوين ريتشاردسون هذه الصورة مُتوافرة أيضًا بأسماءٍ أسفلها. Deutsch: Solvay-Konferenz, 1927 (Thema: Neu entwickelte Quanten-Theorie) English: 1927 Solvay Conference on Quantum Mechanics. Photograph by Benjamin Couprie, Institut International de Physique Solvay, Brussels, Belgium. From back to front and from left to right&#160;: Auguste Piccard, Émile Henriot, Paul Ehrenfest, Édouard Herzen, Théophile de Donder, Erwin Schrödinger, Jules-Émile Verschaffelt, Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, Ralph Howard Fowler, Léon Brillouin, Peter Debye, Martin Knudsen, William Lawrence Bragg, Hendrik Anthony Kramers, Paul Dirac, Arthur Compton, Louis de Broglie, Max Born, Niels Bohr, Irving Langmuir, Max Planck, Marie Skłodowska Curie, Hendrik Lorentz, Albert Einstein, Paul Langevin, Charles-Eugène Guye, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Owen Willans Richardson This picture is also available with names at the bottom. Français&#160;: Participants au Congrès Solvay de 1927 sur la mécanique quantique. Photographie de Benjamin Couprie pour le compte de l'Institut international de physique Solvay, Parc Léopold, Bruxelles, Belgique. De l'arrière vers l'avant et de gauche à droite&#160;: Auguste Piccard, Émile Henriot, Paul Ehrenfest, Édouard Herzen, Théophile de Donder, Erwin Schrödinger, Jules-Émile Verschaffelt, Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, Ralph H. Fowler, Léon Brillouin, Peter Debye, Martin Knudsen, William Lawrence Bragg, Hendrik Anthony Kramers, Paul Dirac, Arthur Compton, Louis de Broglie, Max Born, Niels Bohr, Irving Langmuir, Max Planck, Marie Curie, Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Albert Einstein, Paul Langevin, Charles Eugène Guye, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Owen Willans Richardson 中文（简体）‎: 1927年索尔维会议 http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/courses/gpp1/intro/solvay1927.html 摄影：Benjamin Couprie于比利时布鲁塞尔索尔维国际物理研究所
context_page_description: Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium. The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community, but is separate from the Flemish Region and the Walloon Region. Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita. It covers 162 km², a relatively small area compared to the two other regions, and has a population of over 1.2 million. The five times larger metropolitan area of Brussels comprises over 2.5 million people, which makes it the largest in Belgium. It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent, Antwerp, Leuven and Walloon Brabant, home to over 5 million people.
  Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe. Since the end of the Second World War, it has been a major centre for international politics and home to numerous international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants.
context_section_description: During the 20th century, the city hosted various fairs and conferences, including the Solvay Conference on Physics and on Chemistry, and three world fairs: the Brussels International Exposition of 1910, the Brussels International Exposition of 1935 and the 1958 Brussels World's Fair (Expo '58). During World War I, Brussels was an occupied city, but German troops did not cause much damage. During World War II, it was again occupied by German forces, and spared major damage, before it was liberated by the British Guards Armoured Division on 3 September 1944. The Brussels Airport, in the suburb of Zaventem, dates from the occupation.
  After the war, Brussels underwent extensive modernisation. The construction of the North–South connection, linking the main railway stations in the city, was completed in 1952, while the first premetro (underground tram) was finished in 1969, and the first line of the metro was opened in 1976. Starting from the early 1960s, Brussels became the de facto capital of what would become the European Union, and many modern offices were built. Development was allowed to proceed with little regard to the aesthetics of newer buildings, and numerous architectural landmarks were demolished to make way for newer buildings that often clashed with their surroundings, giving name to the process of Brusselisation.
caption: The 1927 Solvay Conference in Brussels was the fifth world physics conference.
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