page_title: 1866
section_title: October–December
hierarchical_section_title: 1866 / Events / October–December
caption_attribution_description: English: Alfred Nobel
context_page_description: 1866 was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1866th year of the Common Era and Anno Domini designations, the 866th year of the 2nd millennium, the 66th year of the 19th century, and the 7th year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1866, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
context_section_description: October 12 – The Treaty of Vienna ends the war between Austria and Italy; it formalizes the annexation of Venetia by Italy.
  October 14 – French troops under the command of Rear Admiral Pierre-Gustave Roze land at Ganghwa Island, Korea as part of a punitive expedition against that kingdom for the execution of French Jesuit priests. It is the first military contact between Korea and a Western force.
  October 22 – The office of State President of the South African Republic is created by constitutional amendment approved at a session of the Volksraad.
  November 7 – The Ruse–Varna railway line (the first railway in Bulgaria) officially opens.
  December 12– Oaks explosion: The worst mining disaster in England kills 383 miners and rescuers.
  December 18 – The College of Wooster is founded in Ohio.
caption: Alfred Nobel invents dynamite in 1866
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