page_title: Cambridge Castle
section_title: 18th-19th centuries
hierarchical_section_title: Cambridge Castle / History / 18th-19th centuries
caption_attribution_description: English: Painting of the gateway of Cambridge Castle, England. Photographed at Cheffins Auction Rooms, Cambridge, where it was sold as lot 192 on 12 June 2019. The auctioneer's description was 'English School, 19th Century The Gateway to Cambridge Castle, Cambridge inscribed verso "sketched and painted on the spot as it appear June 1841" oil on board 20 x 26cm (8 x 10in)'
context_page_description: Cambridge Castle, locally also known as Castle Mound, is located in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. Originally built after the Norman conquest to control the strategically important route to the north of England, it played a role in the conflicts of the Anarchy, the First and Second Barons' Wars. Hugely expanded by Edward I, the castle then fell rapidly into disuse in the late medieval era, its stonework recycled for building purposes in the surrounding colleges. Cambridge Castle was refortified during the English Civil War but once again fell into disuse, used primarily as the county gaol. The castle gaol was finally demolished in 1842, with a new prison built in the castle bailey. This prison was demolished in 1932, replaced with the modern Shire Hall, and only the castle motte and limited earthworks still stand. The site is open to the public daily and offers views over the historic buildings of the city.
context_section_description: The castle rapidly deteriorated after the slighting and the remaining walls and bastions were taken down in 1785, leaving only the gatehouse and the earth motte. The gatehouse remained in use as the county gaol into the 19th century, being run, like other similar prisons, as a private business — the keeper of the castle gaol was paid £200 a year by the county in 1807 (equivalent to £16,000 in 2019).
  This came to an end when a new county prison was built in the grounds of the castle's former bailey. The new prison was built by G. Byfield between 1807 and 1811 with an innovative octagonal structure, influenced by the designs of the prison reformer John Howard; the castle gatehouse was destroyed to make way for a new county court building.
caption: 1841 painting of the castle gatehouse
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