page_title: Ibn Hawqal
hierarchical_section_title: Ibn Hawqal
caption_attribution_description: English: Ibn Hawqal’s map of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Arran (Albania), which shows their relative positions. Arran is north of the Arax and Kura rivers, while Azerbaijan is south of the Arax River. From Ibn Hawqal’s Surath ul-Ardh, BNF Paris, MS Arabe 2214, p. 58, 1145 AD. فارسی: نقشه ابن حوقل از آران ، آذربایجان و ارمنستان در قرن چهارم هجری قمری ( قرن دهم میلادی).آران در شمال رود ارس و آذربایجان در جنوب رود ارس ترسیم شده است . کپی شده از صفحه رنگی کتاب صورة الأرض ، پاریس ، صفحه 58 ، نسخه سال 1145 میلادی .
context_page_description: Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal, also known as Abū al-Qāsim b. ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī, born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; was a 10th-century Arab Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled 943-969 AD. His famous work, written in 977 AD, is called Ṣūrat al-’Arḍ. The date of his death, known from his writings, was after 368AH/978AD.
context_section_description: Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal (محمد أبو القاسم بن حوقل), also known as  Abū al-Qāsim b. ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī,  born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; was a 10th-century Arab Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled 943-969 AD. His famous work, written in 977 AD, is called Ṣūrat al-’Arḍ (صورة الارض; "The face of the Earth"). The date of his death, known from his writings, was after 368AH/978AD.
caption: 10th century map of the Caspian sea by Ibn Hawqal
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