page_title: Timeline of ceratopsian research
section_title: 1930s
hierarchical_section_title: Timeline of ceratopsian research / 20th century / 1930s
caption_attribution_description: Triceratops at Science Museum of minnesota
context_page_description: This timeline of ceratopsian research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on the ceratopsians, a group of herbivorous marginocephalian dinosaurs that evolved parrot-like beaks, bony frills, and, later, spectacular horns. The first scientifically documented ceratopsian fossils were described by Edward Drinker Cope starting in the 1870s; however, the remains were poorly preserved and their true nature was not recognized. Over the next several decades, Cope named several such genera and species. Cope's hated rival, Othniel Charles Marsh, also described ceratopsian remains. In 1887, Marsh mistook a Triceratops horn for one belonging to a new species of prehistoric Bison. Marsh also named the eponymous genus Ceratops in 1888. The next year, he named the most famous ceratopsian, Triceratops horridus. It was the discovery of Triceratops that illuminated the ceratopsian body plan, and he formally named the Ceratopsia in 1890.
  The early 20th century was a fruitful time for ceratopsian research. In 1907, Hatcher and others published a monograph on ceratopsid anatomy that is still considered the single most significant publication on the topic to date.
context_section_description: 1930
  Carl Wiman described the species Pentaceratops fenestratus.
  Gilmore described the species Styracosaurus ovatus.
  1931
  Yang Zhongjian ("C.C. Young") described the species Psittacosaurus osborni and P. tingi.
  1933
  Brown described the species Chasmosaurus kaiseni.
  Brown described the species Triceratops maximus.
  Lull described the species Chasmosaurus brevirostris.
  Lull described the fossilized skin of Monoclonius cutleri. The skin was preserved as an impression of skin near the far end of the animal's thigh. The skin of M. cutleri was similar to that of Chasmosaurus belli, which had skin covered in small "nonimbricating" polygonal scales interspersed with rows of larger rounded plates up to 5.5 cm across. The larger plate-like scales of M. cutleri, however, were more widely spaced than the 5–10 cm intervals seen in C. belli.
  Lull classified ceratopsids into two groups based on frill length in a scheme similar to that devised by Hatcher and others in 1907. Ceratopsids which he regarded as short-frilled forms include Centrosaurus, Styracosaurus, and Triceratops. Long-frilled taxa included Anchiceratops, Arrhinoceratops, Chasmosaurus, Pentaceratops, and Torosaurus.
  Osborn concurred with Sternberg's opinion that the forelimbs of Triceratops sprawled despite the erect posture of the hindlimb.
  1935
  Erich Maren Schlaikjer described the species Triceratops eurycephalus.
  Russell interpreted ceratopsid frills as sites for the attachment of enlarged jaw muscles.
  1937
  Brown and Schlaikjer described the species Styracosaurus parksi.
caption: Henry Fairfield Osborn lent his support to reconstructing Triceratops with sprawling forelimbs.
exif: {"Image Make": "FUJIFILM", "Image Model": "FinePix F10", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Digital Camera FinePix F10     Ver1.02", "Image DateTime": "2007:01:27 10:44:01", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image Copyright": "", "Image ExifOffset": "354", "Image CustomRendered": "Normal", "Image ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "Image WhiteBalance": "Auto", "Image SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "Image Sharpness": "Normal", "Image SubjectDistanceRange": "0", "Image PrintIM": "[80, 114, 105, 110, 116, 73, 77, 0, 48, 50, 53, 48, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "1252", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "8622", "Thumbnail YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/100", "EXIF FNumber": "14/5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "800", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0220", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2007:01:27 10:44:01", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2007:01:27 10:44:01", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF CompressedBitsPerPixel": "4", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "33/5", "EXIF ApertureValue": "3", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "-51/100", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "3", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF LightSource": "Unknown", "EXIF Flash": "Flash fired, auto mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "8", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "2136", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2848", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "3703", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "3703", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "3", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed"}