page_title: Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
section_title: Modern era
hierarchical_section_title: Chinese Esoteric Buddhism / History / Modern era
caption_attribution_description: 中文: 能海上师（1886年1月20日－1967年1月1日），俗名龚学光，字缉熙，又字阔初，藏传佛教高僧。图为1924年，刚刚出家的能海上师。
context_page_description: Chinese Esoteric Buddhism refers to traditions of Tantra and Esoteric Buddhism that have flourished among the Chinese people. The Tantric masters Śubhakarasiṃha, Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra, established the Esoteric Buddhist Zhenyan tradition from 716 to 720 during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. It employed mandalas, mantras, mudras, abhiṣekas, and deity yoga. The Zhenyan tradition was transported to Japan as Shingon Buddhism by Kūkai as well as influencing Korean Buddhism. The Song dynasty saw a second diffusion of Esoteric texts. Esoteric Buddhist practices continued to have an influence into the late imperial period and Tibetan Buddhism was also influential during the Yuan dynasty period and beyond.
  In Chinese these traditions are also termed Mìjiao, Mìzōng or Tángmì.
caption: Nenghai Lama (能海喇嘛, 1886–1967)
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