page_title: Pristimantis jamescameroni
section_title: Description
hierarchical_section_title: Pristimantis jamescameroni / Description
caption_attribution_description: English: Pristimantis jamescameroni. Intraspecific variation in dorsal and ventral colour pattern in living specimens. A. Dorsolateral view of the male holotype. B. Ventral view of the same specimen. C. Dorsolateral view of a female paratype. D. Ventral view of the same specimen. E. Dorsolateral view of a different female paratype. F. Ventral view of the same specimen.
context_page_description: Pristimantis jamescameroni is a species of frog belonging to the family Craugastoridae. It is an orange-brown coloured small frog reported so far only from the Aprada-tepui, a table-top mountain in the Bolívar state of Venezuela. It was discovered in June 2012 and formally described in October 2013 by Belgian biologist Philippe J. R. Kok at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The species was named after the Hollywood filmmaker James Cameron, in recognition of his efforts in environmental awareness, and in addition to his public promotion of veganism as a way of animal conservation. Due to its restricted occurrence, the species could be classified as "endangered" according to the criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
context_section_description: Pristimantis jamescameroni is a tiny frog, and mostly brown with orange stripes in colour. Sexual dimorphism is characterized by larger female (2.6–2.7 cm or 1.0–1.1 in snout–vent length) against the smaller male (2.3 cm or 0.9 in snout–vent length). Further nuptial pads are present only in males, and the hands and feet are slightly longer than those of female. The dorsal surface is mixed with numerous white flecks. The arms and legs are similarly coloured, with less of orange, and with few small irregular white spots on upper arms. The ventral side of the body is lighter in colour and mostly covered by orange colour. The tips of the toes are whitish. The head is slightly longer than broad, and is wider than the main body. The nares are slightly projecting towards the side of the body. The widest upper eyelid is narrower than interorbital distance. The upper eyelid is shagreen with 1–2 enlarged tubercles on each eyelid. The colour of iris varies from silver or greenish silver to bronze, with dark-brown venation, is ill-defined, and with broad horizontal brownish stripe. Tympanum is absent. Supratympanic fold is extremely large and is slightly arched, originating at posterior corner of eye. There are minute pharyngeal ostia. The tongue is cordiform, slightly longer than wide, and rounded posteriorly. The posterior half of the tongue is free. Vocal slits and vocal sac are absent, in contrast to closely related species. There are two large, not connected, non-spinous, mostly unpigmented nuptial pads on each thumb of the arms in male. One nuptial pad is extending along the preaxial surface of the tubercle and invading most of it, while the other extends along the dorsal and the preaxial surface of the thumb. Finger discs are broadly expanded, elliptical in shape, and broader than long. The circumferential groove on the discs are conspicuous, and the terminal edge is rounded. Legs are moderate in length, and the heels are slightly overlapping. Toe discs are mostly similar in size and shape to the finger discs.
caption: Male (left) and two females, showing variation in dorsal and ventral coloration
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