page_title: Traditional knowledge
section_title: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
hierarchical_section_title: Traditional knowledge / Property rights / Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
caption_attribution_description: Title / Titre&#160;:Mistahi maskwa (Big Bear, lived ca. 1825-1888), (standing forth from left) a plains Cree chief trading at Fort Pitt, Northwest Territories, 1884 / Mistahi maskwa (Big Bear, vers 1825-1888), (4e à partir de la gauche) un chef cri des Plaines, en train de faire de la traiteà Fort Pitt dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, 1884. Creator(s) / Créateur(s)&#160;: Buell, O.B. Date(s)&#160;: 1884 Reference No. / Numéro de référence&#160;: 3192491 Location / Lieu&#160;: Fort Pitt, Northwest Territories / Fort Pitt, Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Now Fort Pitt Provincial Park in Saskatchewan Credit / Mention de source&#160;: O.B. Buell / Library and Archives Canada / PA-118768 / O.B. Buell / Bibliothèque et Archives Canada / PA-118768
context_page_description: Traditional knowledge, indigenous knowledge and local knowledge generally refer to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities. Traditional knowledge includes types of knowledge about traditional technologies of subsistence, midwifery, ethnobotany and ecological knowledge, traditional medicine, celestial navigation, craft skills, ethnoastronomy, climate, and others. These kinds of knowledge, crucial for subsistence and survival, are generally based on accumulations of empirical observation and on interaction with the environment.
  In many cases, traditional knowledge has been orally passed oral tradition for generations from person to person. Some forms of traditional knowledge find expression in culture, stories, legends, folklore, rituals, songs, and laws. Other forms of traditional knowledge are expressed through other means.
context_section_description: Article 27. 3(b) of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) sets out certain conditions under which certain biological materials or intellectual innovations may be excluded from patenting. The Article also contains a requirement that Article 27 be reviewed. In the TRIPs-related Doha Declaration of 2001, Paragraph 19 expanded the review to a review of Article 27 and the rest of the TRIPs agreement to include the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the protection of traditional knowledge and folklore.
caption: Cree men, including Big Bear (Mistahi-maskwa) trading with colonists at Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan, 1884
exif: {}