page_title: Hormuzan
section_title: Family and early life
hierarchical_section_title: Hormuzan / Family and early life
caption_attribution_description: English: Rare golden coin of Khosrau II.
context_page_description: Hormuzan was an Iranian aristocrat who served as the governor of Khuzestan, and was one of the Sasanian military officers at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah. He was later taken prisoner by the Muslims after the fall of Shushtar in 642. Two years later, he was accused of the assassination of the Rashidun caliph Umar, and was killed by 'Ubaid-Allah, the deceased caliph's son.
context_section_description: Hormuzan was a wealthy aristocrat native to Mihragan-kadag, a district in Media, and belonged to one of the seven Parthian clans of the Sasanian Empire. He had a brother named Shahriyar, who was the governor of Susa. According to some sources, Hormuzan was the brother-in-law of Khosrow II (r. 590–628) and the maternal uncle of Kavadh II (r. 628), but this is most likely incorrect, since Kavadh's mother was not an Iranian, but a Byzantine princess named Maria. According to Pourshariati, Hormuzan may have belonged to a Persian family instead of a Parthian one. Although his origin is disputed, it is known that he was part of the Parsig (Persian) faction which is first mentioned in 628 and played a major role in Sasanian politics. Hormuzan ruled his birthplace Mihragan-kadag as a part of his family domain, and all of Khuzestan, one of the richest provinces of the Sasanian Empire.
  Hormuzan is first mentioned in 609 as one of the Sasanian officers who participated in the battle of Dhi Qar. The rebelling Arabs managed to defeat the Sasanians at the battle, but order was soon restored by Ruzbi, the frontier governor (marzban) of al-Hira. In 628, Khosrow II was overthrown by his son Kavadh II, who crowned himself as the new shahanshah (king of kings) of the Sasanian Empire. Three days later, Kavadh ordered Mihr Hormozd to execute his father. In 632, after a period of coups and revolts, Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651) was crowned as king of the Sasanian Empire at Estakhr, an ancient Iranian city in Pars, where the Sasanian family had founded their empire.
caption: Gold dinar of Khosrow II.
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