page_title: Roman military decorations and punishments
section_title: Crowns
hierarchical_section_title: Roman military decorations and punishments / Decorations, awards and victory titles / Crowns
caption_attribution_description: Български: Надгробна стела на Тиберий Клавдий Максим, открита при Граменци, Археологически музей в Драма, ГърцияEnglish: The grave stele of Tiberius Claudius Maximus, which was found at Grammeni, image from the Archaeological Museum, Drama, East Macedonia, GreeceEspañol: Estela funeraria de Tiberio Claudio Máximo, soldado romano que capturó a Decébalo, procedente de Grammeni (Grecia) y depositada en el Museo Arqueológico de Drama (Grecia), correspondiente con AE 1969/70, 583 = AE 1974, 589 = AE 1985, 721: Ti(berius) Claudius / Maximus vet(eranus) / [s(e)] v(ivo) f(aciendum) c(uravit) militavit / eque(s) in leg(ione) VII C(laudia) P(ia) F(ideli) fac/tus qu(a)estor equit(um) / singularis legati le/gionis eiusdem vexil/larius equitum item / bello Dacico ob virtu/te(m) donis donatus ab Im/p(eratore) Domitiano factus dupli(carius) / a divo Tr&lt; a = O &gt;iano in ala secu(n)d(a) / Pannoniorum a quo et fa(c)/tus explorator in bello Da/cico et ob virtute(m) bis donis / donatus bello Dacico et / Parthico et ab eode(m) factus / decurio in ala eade(m) quod / cepisset Decebalu(m) et caput / eius pertulisset ei Ranissto/ro missus voluntarius ho/nesta missione a Terent[io Scau]/riano consulare [exerci]/tus provinciae nov[ae Mes]/[opotamiae
context_page_description: As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry and likewise a range of punishments for military transgressions.
context_section_description: Grass crown – (Latin: corona obsidionalis or corona graminea), was the highest and rarest of all military decorations. It was presented only to a general, commander, or officer whose actions saved the legion or the entire army.
  Civic crown – (Latin: corona civica), was a chaplet of common oak leaves woven to form a crown. During the Roman Republic, and the subsequent Principate, it was regarded as the second highest military decoration a citizen could aspire to (the Grass Crown being held in higher regard) and was rewarded for saving the lives of fellow roman citizens (cives)or stand ground in war. Since Augustus, only the princeps was eligible for this decoration. It may have been identical to the Crown of the Preserver mentioned below.
  Naval crown – (Latin: corona navalis), was a gold crown awarded to the first man who boarded an enemy ship during a naval engagement. In style, the crown was made of gold and surmounted with the beaks of ships.
  Gold crown – (Latin: corona aurea), Awarded to both Centurions and apparently some principales, for killing an enemy in single combat and holding the ground to the end of the battle.
  Battlement crowns – These were made of gold and decorated with the uprights (valli) of an entrenchment or turrets of a city. It was awarded to the first soldier or Centurion to mount the wall or palisade of an enemy town or camp.
  Mural crown – (Latin: corona muralis), Also referred to as the "walled crown", this was a golden crown, or circle of gold intended to resemble a battlement, bestowed upon the first soldier who climbed the wall of a besieged city and to successfully place the standard of the attacking army upon it.
  Camp crown – (Latin: corona vallaris or corona castrensis), A golden crown which was ornamented with the palisades used in forming an entrenchment.
  Crown of the Preserver – awarded to "those who have shielded and saved any of the citizens or allies" – Polybius relates that the crown is presented by those civilians the soldier saved and adds that "the man thus preserved also reverences his preserver as a father all through his life, and must treat him in every way like a parent.".
caption: Tiberius Claudius Maximus memorial showing two awards he received
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