page_title: Choristoneura freemani
section_title: Distribution
hierarchical_section_title: Choristoneura freemani / Distribution
caption_attribution_description: English: Pinus contorta var. latifolia defoliated by western spruce budworm (Choristoneura freemani) near Blewett Pass summit, Chelan County Washington
context_page_description: Choristoneura freemani, the western spruce budworm, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is the most destructive defoliator of coniferous forests in western North America.
context_section_description: It is now widely distributed throughout the Rocky and Coast Mountains. The first recorded outbreak was in 1909 on the southeastern part of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Since that year, infestations have frequently been reported in western Canada.
  The budworm was first recorded in 1914 in the United States, in Oregon. However, it was not initially recognized as a serious threat to coniferous forests in the western U.S. Aerial spraying apparently terminated some smaller epidemics in the southern and central Rockies; others subsided naturally. The insect then appeared to be dormant in US forests until 1922, when two outbreaks were reported near Priest Lake in northern Idaho. Since then, significant outbreaks in the Rockies and in the Pacific Northwest have caused top-killing and serious economic losses in tree growth. Tree mortality from budworm can occur in regeneration, sapling, and pole-sized trees. Trees in mature stands severely defoliated by the western spruce budworm may become susceptible to bark beetles, which kill mature trees.
caption: Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia defoliated by western spruce budworm (Choristoneura freemani) near Blewett Pass summit, Chelan County Washington
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