page_title: Ermita
section_title: Hispanic Era (1569-1898)
hierarchical_section_title: Ermita / History / Hispanic Era (1569-1898)
caption_attribution_description: Original caption (cropped out): The beautiful Luneta, Manila's fashionable promenade and drive. Description (cropped out): This most celebrated promenade and drive in the city of Manila is by the old sea wall. The Governor and Archbishop, with their escorts and striking equipages came every afternoon to air themselves, and in the cool of every summer evening, when the fine military band of the Spanish army used to play. The whole population apprently came out to listen. This was also the place of all great processions, executions, etc.
context_page_description: Ermita is a district in Manila, Philippines. Located at the central part of the city, the district is a significant center of finance, education, culture, and commerce. Ermita serves as the civic center of the city, bearing the seat of city government and a large portion of the area's employment, business, and entertainment activities.
  Private and government offices, museums, and universities thrive in Ermita. It is also home to famous tourist attractions and landmarks, notably the Rizal Park, the premier national park of the Philippines.
  Originally, Ermita and its neighboring district Malate were posh neighborhoods for Manila's high society during the early 20th century where large, grandiose mansions once stood. Unfortunately, Ermita and its surroundings were heavily bombed and flattened during the Second World War after it became a battleground during the Manila Massacre. After the war, Ermita and its twin district, Malate, had undergone commercialization resulting in a shift from being a sprawling upscale suburb to a commercial district.
context_section_description: In pre-Hispanic times, it was originally known as Lagyo in Tagalog. This is reflected in the first record of the barangay in 1582:
  "On the coast near Manila are Laguo, Malahat, Longalo, Palañac, Vakol, Minacaya, and Cavite. All these villages are in the neighborhood of Cavite, and belong to his Majesty, to whom they pay tribute."
  Miguel de Loarca, Relacion de Yslas Filipinas (1582)
  Lagyo was re-christened in the 17th century as La Hermita, the Spanish word for "hermitage", after the fact that a Mexican hermit resided in the area and on this site was built a hermitage housing an image of the Virgin Mary known as the Nuestra Señora de Guia (Our Lady of Guidance). The hermitage has since evolved into Ermita Church, which has been rebuilt several times since the early 17th century. During the Spanish evacuation of Ternate, Indonesia, the 200 families of mixed Mexican-Filipino-Spanish and Papuan-Indonesian-Portuguese descent who had ruled over the Christianized Sultanate of Ternate and included their Sultan who converted, were relocated to Ternate, Cavite and Ermita, Manila.
  By 19th Century, although still considered as an "arrabal" which refers to a rural area, urban expansion had slowly reached the northern portion of the district mainly due to the development of the Luneta also called Bagumbayan as a promenade at the coast of the Manila Bay. The district also saw the construction of the Manila Observatory by Father Federico Faura during the early 1890s, and was once located on a street now renamed after Fr. Faura himself.
caption: Luneta Promenade in the late 1890s.
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