page_title: English art song
section_title: English Art song in the 18th Century
hierarchical_section_title: English art song / English Art song in the 18th Century
caption_attribution_description: Depicted person&#58; &#32;George Frideric Handel&#32;– German, later British Baroque composer
context_page_description: The composition of art song in England and English-speaking countries has a long history, beginning with lute song in the late 16th century and continuing today.
context_section_description: As Italian opera composition developed in the later 17th century, recitative and aria began to split apart as separate parts of solo vocal music. Four types of vocal music began to blossom in the 18th century: church music, early oratorio (esp. with Carissimi in Italy), opera, and the secular (or "chamber") cantata. In the early 18th century, George Frideric Handel (1685–1759) made Italian opera very popular in London, but The Beggar's Opera in 1729, a parody of Handel's Italian operas, created a new fad for English popular opera, and Italian opera in London faded by 1740. Thus, the two important types of English solo vocal music in the mid 18th century are oratorios by Handel, and "pastiche operas" or "ballad operas" from Arne, Boyce and other English composers. The publication of solo vocal music (songs often called "canzonets" or canzonettas") with English texts at the end of the 18th century helped to establish the art song genre in subsequent years.
  English Art song composers in the 18th century
  William Croft (c.1678-1727), sacred songs
  Henry Carey (c.1687-1743), writer and prolific song composer
  Carl Friedrich Abel (1723–87), German born but moved to London, composed symphonies, quartets, and a few vocal pieces
  Thomas Linley the elder (1733–95), composed English ballads and theater music
  Johann Christian Bach (1735–82), J.S. Bach's youngest son, called "the London Bach," was a friend to the young Mozart, composed Italian operas in London like Handel 50 years earlier
  William Jackson (1730–1803), lived in western England, his Op. 9 2-part canzonets were published in 1770
  Samuel Arnold (1740–1802), primarily a theater composer, but published a book of solo songs, Op. 13, in 1778
  Johann Peter Salomon (1745–1815), German-born violinist, composer and impresario, published two books of canzonets, in 1805 and 1807, brought Joseph Haydn to London
  James Hook (1746–1827), composed keyboard works and songs, as well as one oratorio
  Sir John Andrew Stevenson (1761-1833), a prolific Irish composer, known for his work with Thomas Moore
  Stephen Storace (1762–96), half Italian, knew Mozart, composed for the theater
  George Frederick Pinto (1785–1806), a child prodigy, he composed piano works and songs, his canzonets were published in 1804
caption: George Frideric Handel
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