page_title: Japanese dissidence in 20th-century Imperial Japan
section_title: Japanese working with the Chinese resistance
hierarchical_section_title: Japanese dissidence in 20th-century Imperial Japan / Japanese resistance during World War II / Japanese working with the Chinese resistance
caption_attribution_description: English: Wataru Kaji (Japanese novelist). 日本語: 衆議院法務委員会で鹿地事件に関する証言に臨む鹿地亘（1952年12月10日）
context_page_description: Japanese dissidence in 20th-century Imperial Japan during World War II covers individual Japanese opponents to the militarist Empire of Japan before and during WWII.
context_section_description: Kaji Wataru was a Japanese proletarian writer who lived in Shanghai. His wife, Yuki Ikeda, suffered through torture at the hands of the Imperial Japanese. She fled Japan when she was very young, working as a ballroom dancer in Shanghai to earn a living. They were friends with Chinese cultural leader Kuo Mo-jo. Kaji and Yuki would escape Shanghai when the Japanese invaded the city. Kaji, along with his wife, were involved with the re-education of captured Japanese soldiers for the Kuomintang in Chongqing during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
  His relationship with Chiang Kai-shek was troubled due to his anticommunism. Kaji would work with the Office of Strategic Services in the later stages of the war.
  Sanzō Nosaka, a founder of the Japanese Communist Party, worked with the Chinese Communists in
  Yan'an during the Second Sino-Japanese war. He was in charge of the re-education of captured Japanese troops. Japanese Intelligence in China were desperate to eliminate him, but they always failed in their attempts. Sanzo went by the name "Susumu Okano" during the war. Today, Sanzō Nosaka is considered a disgraced figure to the Japanese Communist Party when it was discovered that he falsely accused Kenzō Yamamoto, a Japanese communist, of spying for Japan. Joseph Stalin executed Yamamoto in 1939.
  Sato Takeo was a Japanese doctor who was a member of Norman Bethune's medical team in the Second-Sino Japanese War. Norman's team was responsible for giving medical care to soldiers of the Chinese Eighth Route Army.
caption: Kaji Wataru
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