page_title: Döbereiner's lamp
hierarchical_section_title: Döbereiner's lamp
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Unterteil: zylindrisches Glasgefäß mit nach inne gewölbtem Boden. Durch ein Metallstück an dem sich der Zündmechanismus befindet mit dem oberen Teil verbunden. Oberteil: kugelförmiges Glasgefäß, an der Oberseite offen, nach unten in ein Glasrohr mündend, welches in den Unterteil hinein reicht. Auf dem Oberteil die Gravur: "Hiettel / in / Tetschen." Die Schrift ist von einem Floralmuster umfasst, welches in Form von zwei, unter der Schrift mit einer Schleife gebundenen Planzenranken erscheint. Döbereinsches Feuerzeug = Die Reaktion von verdünnter Schwefelsäuere mit Zink erzeugt Wasserstoff, der, katalysiert über "Platinschwamm" , als Knallgasreaktion mit Sauerstoff zu Wasser verbrennt. Eine sinnvolle Konstruktion erlaubt die kontrollierte Verwendung dieser Reaktion: Das Zink ist räumlich von der Schwefelsäure getrennt, so dass nur bei Bedarf Wasserstoff erzeugt wird, geregelt durch ein Ventil vor dem Platinschwamm und damit vor der Knallgasreaktion. So wird die Funktion als Feuerzeug ermöglicht. Sie wird nach 1880 überflüssig durch Zündholz und Feuerzeug, da hierbei die aufwändige Befüllung mit Schwefelsäure entfällt. "Es eine höchst angenehme Empfindung sei, wenn wir eine bedeutende Naturkraft technisch also bald zu irgend einem nützlichen Gebrauch eingeleitet sehen: und so bin ich in dem Falle, mich Ew. Wohlgeboren immer dankbar zu erinnern, da Ihr so glücklich erfundenes Feuerzeug mir täglich zur Hand steht." Goethe 1826.
context_page_description: Döbereiner's lamp is one of the first lighters. It was developed in 1823 by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner. The lighter was produced until around 1880. The Heidelberg Castle and also the Deutsches Museum still have original Döbereiner lamps to show.
  The lighter works based on a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. In the glass cylinder is sulfuric acid. In the open bottle is zinc and at the top is a valve. With the lever, the bottle will be opened. Then, the sulfuric acid flows into the bottle. When it reaches the Zinc, a reaction starts. It produces hydrogen.
  The hydrogen can go out of the bottle at the top. Next to the valve, there is platinum. The hydrogen gas has to bypass the platinum. The hydrogen and the oxygen from the air react because of the catalytic effect of platinum. The gas mixture then burns, because the reaction is exothermic, and produces water.
  To stop this reaction, the bottle only needs to be closed, that means the lever needs to be released. The hydrogen can no longer go out of the bottle and pushes the sulfuric acid back into the glass cylinder.
context_section_description: Döbereiner's lamp is one of the first lighters. It was developed in 1823 by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner. The lighter was produced until around 1880. The Heidelberg Castle and also the Deutsches Museum (German Museum) still have original Döbereiner lamps to show.
  The lighter works based on a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. In the glass cylinder (a in the picture on the right) is sulfuric acid. In the open bottle (b) is zinc and at the top is a valve. With the lever (f), the bottle will be opened. Then, the sulfuric acid flows into the bottle. When it reaches the Zinc, a reaction starts. It produces hydrogen.
  \mathrm{Zn + H_2SO_4 \longrightarrow Zn^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} + H_2 \uparrow}
  The hydrogen can go out of the bottle at the top. Next to the valve, there is platinum. The hydrogen gas has to bypass the platinum. The hydrogen and the oxygen from the air react because of the catalytic effect of platinum. The gas mixture (called oxyhydrogen) then burns, because the reaction is exothermic, and produces water.
  \mathrm{ 2\ H_2 + O_2 \longrightarrow 2\ H_2O}
  To stop this reaction, the bottle only needs to be closed, that means the lever needs to be released. The hydrogen can no longer go out of the bottle and pushes the sulfuric acid back into the glass cylinder.
caption: Döbereiner's lamp.
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