page_title: Adyghe verbs
section_title: Intransitive bivalent verbs
hierarchical_section_title: Adyghe verbs / Verb valency / Bivalent verbs / Intransitive bivalent verbs
caption_attribution_description: English: AbsolutiveTransitiveVerbs
context_page_description: In Adyghe, like all Northwest Caucasian languages, the verb is the most inflected part of speech. Verbs are typically head final and are conjugated for tense, person, number, etc. Some of Circassian verbs can be morphologically simple, some of them consist only of one morpheme, like: кӏо "go", штэ "take". However, generally, Circassian verbs are characterized as structurally and semantically difficult entities. Morphological structure of a Circassian verb includes affixes which are specific to the language. Verbs' affixes express meaning of subject, direct or indirect object, adverbial, singular or plural form, negative form, mood, direction, mutuality, compatibility and reflexivity, which, as a result, creates a complex verb, that consists of many morphemes and semantically expresses a sentence. For example: уакъыдэсэгъэгущыӏэжьы "I am forcing you to talk to them again" consists of the following morphemes: у-а-къы-дэ-сэ-гъэ-гущыӏэ-жьы, with the following meanings: "you with them from there together I am forcing to speak again".
context_section_description: In a sentence with an intransitive bivalent verb :
  The subject is in the absolutive case.
  The indirect object is in the oblique case.
  This indicates that the subject is changing by doing the verb.
  Examples :
  кӏалэр егупшысэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jaɡʷəpʃəsa/ the boy is thinking of.
  кӏалэр ео /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jawa/ the boy is playing a.
  кӏалэр еджэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jad͡ʒa/ the boy is reading a.
  кӏалэр еплъы /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːpɬa/ the boy is looking at.
  кӏалэр еупчӏы /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jawt͡ʂʼə/ the boy is asking a.
  кӏалэр елӏыкӏы /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jaɬʼət͡ʃʼə/ the boy is dying of.
  кӏалэр ебэу /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jabawə/ the boy is kissing a.
  The conjugation of the intransitive bivalent verb еплъын /japɬən/ "to look at":
caption: All different forms of еплъын.
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