page_title: Studio glass
section_title: Italy
hierarchical_section_title: Studio glass / Modern regional glass art / Italy
caption_attribution_description: English: Barovier Cup
context_page_description: Studio glass is the modern use of glass as an artistic medium to produce sculptures or three-dimensional artworks. The glass objects created are intended to make a sculptural or decorative statement. Their prices may range from a few hundred to hundreds of thousands of dollars. For the largest installations, the prices are in the millions.
  During the early 20th-century, contemporary glass art was generally made by teams of factory workers, taking glass from furnaces containing a thousand or more pounds. This form of glass art, of which Tiffany and Steuben in the U.S., Gallé in France and Hoya Crystal in Japan, Royal Leerdam Crystal in the Netherlands and Orrefors and Kosta Boda in Sweden are perhaps the best known, grew out of the factory system in which all glass objects were hand or mold blown by teams.
  Modern glass studios use a great variety of techniques in creating glass artworks, including:
  Glassblowing,
  Flameworking,
  Glass casting,
  Coldworking,
  Glass fusing,
  Pâte de verre,
  Stained glass.
context_section_description: Glass blowing began in the Roman Empire, and Italy has refined the techniques of glass blowing ever since. Until the very recent explosion of glass shops in Seattle (US), there were more on the Island of Murano (Italy) than anywhere else in world. The majority of the refined artistic techniques of glassblowing (e.g., incalmo, reticello, zanfirico, latticino) were developed there. Moreover, generations of blowers passed on their techniques to family members. Boys would begin working at the fornace (actually "furnace"—called "the factory" in English).
caption: Nuptial bowl by Angelo Barovier, Murano Glass Museum
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