page_title: HLA-DM
section_title: Function
hierarchical_section_title: HLA-DM / Function
caption_attribution_description: English: HLA-DM is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antigen presenting cells (APCs), and transported in endosomes while binding to HLA-DO. The HLA-DM containing endosome fuses with an MHC class II containing endosome, which then subsequently fuses with an antigen-containgin endosome. Once in the presence of antigen, HLA-DM associates with MHC class II and releases CLIP form the peptide binding groove. HLA-DO degrades, and HLA-DM facilitates peptide exchange to ensure high affinity binding between the MHC class II and it's peptide. The late endosome then fuses with the plasma membrane to present MHC class II + peptide on its surface. This can be recognized by other immune cells and initiate a response.
context_page_description: HLA-DM is an intracellular protein involved in the mechanism of antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells of the immune system. It does this by assisting in peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex class II membrane-bound proteins. HLA-DM is encoded by the genes HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB.
  HLA-DM is a molecular chaperone that works in lysosomes and endosomes in cells of the immune system. It works in APCs like macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells by interacting with MHC class II molecules. HLA-DM protects the MHC class II molecules from breaking down, and regulates which proteins or peptides bind to them as well. This regulates how and when a peptide acts as an antigen initiating an immune response. Thus, HLA-DM is necessary for the immune system to respond effectively to a foreign invader. Impairment in HLA-DM function can result in immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases.
caption: HLA-DM transport and functions from the ER to the cell surface of an APC.  HLA-DM is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antigen presenting cells (APCs), and transported in endosomes while binding to HLA-DO. The HLA-DM containing endosome fuses with an MHC class II containing endosome, which then subsequently fuses with an antigen-containgin endosome. Once in the presence of antigen, HLA-DM associates with MHC class II and releases CLIP form the peptide binding groove. HLA-DO degrades, and HLA-DM facilitates peptide exchange to ensure high affinity binding between the MHC class II and it's peptide. The late endosome then fuses with the plasma membrane to present MHC class II + peptide on its surface. This can be recognized by other immune cells and initiate a response.
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