page_title: Umm el-Jimal
section_title: Archaeology
hierarchical_section_title: Umm el-Jimal / Archaeology
caption_attribution_description: English: excavated corner
context_page_description: Umm el-Jimal, also known as Umm ej Jemāl, Umm al-Jimal or Umm idj-Djimal, is a village in Northern Jordan approximately 17 kilometers east of Mafraq. It is primarily notable for the substantial ruins of a Byzantine and early Islamic town which are clearly visible above the ground, as well as an older Roman village located to the southwest of the Byzantine ruins.
context_section_description: Umm el-Jimal was rediscovered in the nineteenth century, during a time of Western interest in antiquities.  The first systematic survey was completed by the Princeton University Expedition to Southern Syria in 1905 and 1909. 
  The first recorded visit to the site was by William John Bankes (1786-1855) in 1818 who conducted a brief description of Umm el-Jimal.  Between 1818 and 1905 many Westerners passed through the site and made a few recordings but all were brief and inconclusive. 
  Howard Crosby Butler led the Princeton Expedition and his papers (PES II: 151) contain a more exhaustive account of those who came to Umm el-Jimal between 1818 and 1905.  Butler remained at the site for two weeks mapping the site and drawing diagrams of several of the buildings.   Butler's work has proved invaluable in guiding others to the site and in garnering further interest in studying the site.   His survey of 1905 provided the groundwork for the field work still being conducted today. 
  G. Corbett came to Umm el-Jimal in 1956 to study the Julianos Church and much of his work corrected the mistakes made by Butler.  Corbett also refined how Umm el-Jimal is thought of today by demonstrating that many of the buildings were constructed reusing pieces from earlier buildings. 
  In 1972 comprehensive work was started at Umm el-Jimal by Bert de Vries of Calvin College.  The ancient village was further mapped out and detailed work conducted refining the theories surrounding the nature and history of the village.  The work has included conservation practices.  In 1977 the walls of the Barracks were fortified with cement to prevent more collapse.  The gate area of House XVIII was also fortified in 1983 with modern cement.         Excavations were conducted during field work between 1972 and 1998, though the nature of the excavations was for survey and research and not for uncovering buried ruins.  Since 1998 the work has centered on presentation and visual documentation of the site.  Started in 2009, efforts are currently being conducted to make the site more presentable to the public (421-435).   A significant component of this effort is the development of a virtual museum with site tours, a compilation of the research and publications, and presentation of the heritage of the modern community and its relationship to the antiquities at 
  www.ummeljimal.org .
  In 2014, extensive damage was done to the site by tomb raiders.  Sparked by rumors of gold, looters have destroyed many tombs. "The looters are looking not only for gold but for ceramics, glassware, 
  lamps, masonry and bits of jewelry, all of which quickly find their way 
  into the global antiquities trade."
caption: Excavation site C2
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