page_title: Hanok
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Hanok / History
caption_attribution_description: Jeongseon Traditional Market The Arari Village June 7, 2014 Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism Korean Culture and Information Service Korea.net (www.korea.net) Official Photographer: Jeon Han This official Republic of Korea photograph is licensed as free content, so while restrictions such as personality or privacy rights may apply, in general, manipulations are allowed. If you want a photograph without a watermark, you may ask via Flickr e-mail. 팔도장터 관광열차 – 강원도 정선 아리랑시장 정선 아라리 村 2014-06-07 강원도 정선군 문화체육관광부 해외문화홍보원 코리아넷 전한
context_page_description: A hanok is a traditional Korean house. Hanoks were first designed and built in the 14th century during the Joseon Dynasty.
  Korean architecture considers the positioning of the house in relation to its surroundings, with thought given to the land and seasons. The interior of the house is also planned accordingly. This principle is called baesanimsu, meaning that the ideal house is built with a mountain in the back and a river in the front. Hanok shapes differ by region. In the cold northern regions of Korea, hanoks are built in a square with a courtyard in the middle in order to retain heat better. In the south, hanoks are more open and L-shaped.
context_section_description: A hanok is a Korean house which was developed in Korean Peninsula and Manchuria.
  Early Time
  Paleolithic people in the Korean Peninsula stayed in caves or made temporary houses. In the Neolithic era, the temporary house developed into a dugout hut. They dug into the ground with a small shovel and built a small house which used rafters and columns. Woods was used for the rafters and columns, and straw was used for roof. In the Bronze Age, there were several columns in the house, so the area of house was extended relative to early houses. Iron Age Hanok had Ondol (Hangul: 온돌, Hanja: 溫堗), and also used Giwa(Hangul: 기와), a kind of roofing tile which was made with baked soil. By using Giwa roof tiles, hanok developed a specific shape.
  The Enlightenment
  The Enlightenment saw many foreigners visit the hermit kingdom. For this reason, Protestantism was spread, but it wasn't common. Anglicanism and Catholicism were the more common branches of the Christian faith in Korea at that time.  Early churches utilized the hanok style. This church is located in Ganghwa County, Jincheon County, Cheongju. 
  South Korea
  After the devastation of the Korean War there was a need for cheap, suitable housing for people displaced by the war. During the period immediately after the war several hanoks of historical value were demolished. In the larger cities of South Korea, only small clusters of hanoks remain. However the value of hanoks has been discussed in the early twentieth century, with many comparing them favourably to the more common but less eco-friendly apartments found across South Korea. Today, some train stations are influenced by traditional hanok design. (Jeonju station for example)
  North Korea
  In Gaesung, the traditional hanoks originally there remain and play a role as a tourist attraction. Kiwajibs surround the hanoks.
  China
  In northeast China, hanoks also can be found and Koreans are living in hanoks building for themselves over 100 years. Also, from 2010, people are working on a project focused on making a hanok village in Heilongjiang, China.
caption: Interior of a traditional house at Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province.
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