page_title: Kabylia
section_title: French colonisation and resistance
hierarchical_section_title: Kabylia / History / French colonisation and resistance
caption_attribution_description: Le père Dom François Régis (1808-1880), abbé de Notre-Dame de Staouëli, célèbre la messe sur les rives de l’Oued-Agrioun au Sud-Est d’Alger, le 14 juin 1853. Prosterné derrière le révérend père Régis figure le père Thomas d’Aquin. Cet épisode se déroule à l'issue de la campagne des Babors menée par le maréchal Randon. Dans une lettre au père régis du 25 mai 1854, Horace Vernet commente son œuvre: «&#160;Le moment que j’ai choisi est celui de l’élévation, lorsque le canon remplaçait la sonnette, et la fumée de la poudre, l’encens.&#160;»
context_page_description: Kabylie is a cultural region, natural region and historical region in northern Algeria. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range, and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea.
  Kabylia covers several provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia, less of Bouira and parts of the wilayas of Boumerdes, Jijel, Setif and Bordj Bou Arreridj. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylie.
context_section_description: Though the region was the last stronghold against French colonization, the area was gradually taken over by the French after 1830, despite vigorous local resistance by the local population led by leaders such as Faḍma n Sumer, until the Battle of Icheriden in 1857 marked a decisive French victory, with sporadic outbursts of violence continuing as late as Mokrani's rebellion in 1871. Much land was confiscated in this period from the more recalcitrant tribes and given to French pieds-noirs. Many arrests and deportations were carried out by the French in response to uprisings, mainly to New Caledonia (hence the origins of the Algerians of the Pacific.) Colonization also resulted in an acceleration of the emigration into other areas of the country and outside of it.
  Algerian migrant workers in France organized the first party promoting independence in the 1920s. Messali Hadj, Imache Amar, Si Djilani, and Belkacem Radjef rapidly built a strong following throughout France and Algeria in the 1930s and actively trained militants who became key players during the struggle for independence and in building an independent Algerian state.
caption: First mass in Kabylie during the French conquest of Algeria, 1837
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