page_title: Căile Ferate Române
section_title: Railways in the early twentieth century
hierarchical_section_title: Căile Ferate Române / History / Railways in the early twentieth century
caption_attribution_description: English: CFR steam engine no. 230039 exhibited in the Sinaia railway station. The 230 series were steam engines used for pulling passenger trains. Română: Locomotiva cu aburi CFR nr. 230039 expusă în gara Sinaia. Locomotivele din seria 230 erau destinate trenurilor de călători
context_page_description: Căile Ferate Române is the state railway carrier of Romania. As of 2014, the railway network of Romania consists of 10,777 km, of which 4,029 km are electrified. The total track length is 22,247 km, of which 8,585 km are electrified. The CIA World Factbook lists Romania with the 23rd largest railway network in the world. The network is significantly interconnected with other European railway networks, providing pan-European passenger and freight services. CFR as an entity has been operating since 1880, even though the first railway on current Romanian territory was opened in 1854. CFR is divided into four autonomous companies:
  CFR Călători, responsible for passenger services;
  CFR Marfă, responsible for freight transport;
  CFR Infrastructură or CFR S.A., manages the infrastructure on the Romanian railway network; and
  Societatea Feroviară de Turism, or SFT, which manages scenic and tourist railways.
  CFR is headquartered in Bucharest and has regional divisions centered in Bucharest, Brașov, Cluj-Napoca, Constanța, Craiova, Galați, Iași and Timișoara. Its International Union of Railways code is 53-CFR.
context_section_description: In 1918, the historical regions of Transylvania, Banat, Bassarabia and Bucovina united with the Kingdom of Romania to form Greater Romania. As a result, all railway lines in these regions, previously under the ownership of Austria-Hungary or the Russian Empire, were placed under the administration of CFR. This event was significant for Romanian railways because it meant that the large Arad rolling stock and steel factory, previously located on Austro-Hungarian territory, was now part of Romania, and was consequently used to produce a wide range of rolling stock and locomotives for CFR.
  During this time, various railways were "doubled"— that is, double tracks were introduced on routes to permit a greater flow of traffic. The first line to be doubled was the Bucharest–Ploiești–Câmpina line, where doubling was completed in 1912. In the period between the wars, various other lines were doubled, including:
  Constanța–Cernavodă (1931)
  Adjud–Tecuci (1933)
  Teiuş–Apahida (1940)
  Câmpina–Brașov (1941)
  Buzău–Mărășești (1942)
  During the 1920s and 1930s CFR also bought several new locomotives and cars, embarking on a plan of widespread modernisation. Diesel traction was introduced, and the Malaxa high-speed DMUs (a modernised version of which are still in use as commuter trains in Banat) were built.
  A significant event in the history of the railways was the Grivița Strike of 1933, which occurred during the Great Depression and resulted in violent clashes between railway workers and police.
caption: CFR steam engine 230-039 exhibited in Sinaia railway station. The 230 series were steam engines used for passenger train service.
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