page_title: Hepatocellular carcinoma
section_title: Epidemiology
hierarchical_section_title: Hepatocellular carcinoma / Epidemiology
caption_attribution_description: English: Liver tumor types by relative incidence in adults in the United States. Reference: Table 37.2 in: Sternberg, Stephen (2012) Sternberg's diagnostic surgical pathology, LWW ISBN&#58; 978-1-4511-5289-0.&#32; OCLC&#58; 953861627.&#32;
context_page_description: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and is the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.
  It occurs in the setting of chronic liver inflammation, and is most closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection or exposure to toxins such as alcohol or aflatoxin. Certain diseases, such as hemochromatosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, markedly increase the risk of developing HCC. Metabolic syndrome and NASH are also increasingly recognized as risk factors for HCC.
  As with any cancer, the treatment and prognosis of HCC vary depending on the specifics of tumor histology, size, how far the cancer has spread, and overall health.
  The vast majority of HCC occurs in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, in countries where hepatitis B infection is endemic and many are infected from birth. The incidence of HCC in the United States and other developing countries is increasing due to an increase in hepatitis C virus infections. It is more common in males than females for unknown reasons.
context_section_description: HCC is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The epidemiology of HCC exhibits two main patterns, one in North America and Western Europe and another in non-Western countries, such as those in sub-Saharan Africa, Central and Southeast Asia, and the Amazon basin. Males are affected more than females usually, and it is most common between the ages of 30 and 50, Hepatocellular carcinoma causes 662,000 deaths worldwide per year about half of them in China.
caption: Liver tumor types by relative incidence in adults in the United States, with hepatocellular carcinoma at left.[70]
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