page_title: Le Règne Animal
section_title: Contents
hierarchical_section_title: Le Règne Animal / Book / Contents
caption_attribution_description: English: Table of the Animal Kingdom based on Cuvier's Règne Animal in Penny Cyclopaedia
context_page_description: Le Règne Animal is the most famous work of the French naturalist Georges Cuvier. It sets out to describe the natural structure of the whole of the animal kingdom based on comparative anatomy, and its natural history. Cuvier divided the animals into four embranchements, namely vertebrates, molluscs, articulated animals, and zoophytes.
  The work appeared in four octavo volumes in December 1816; a second edition in five volumes was brought out in 1829–1830 and a third, written by twelve "disciples" of Cuvier, in 1836–1849. In this classic work, Cuvier presented the results of his life's research into the structure of living and fossil animals. With the exception of the section on insects, in which he was assisted by his friend Pierre André Latreille, the whole of the work was his own. It was translated into English many times, often with substantial notes and supplementary material updating the book in accordance with the expansion of knowledge. It was also translated into German, Italian and other languages, and abridged in versions for children.
context_section_description: The classification adopted by Cuvier to define the natural structure of the animal kingdom, including both living and fossil forms, was as follows, the list forming the structure of the Règne Animal. Where Cuvier's group names correspond (more or less) to modern taxa, these are named, in English if possible, in parentheses. The table from the 1828 Penny Cyclopaedia indicates species that were thought to belong to each group in Cuvier's taxonomy. The four major divisions were known as embranchements ("branches").
  I. Vertébrés. (Vertebrates)
  Mammifères (Mammals): 1. Bimanes, 2. Quadrumanes, 3. Carnassiers (Carnivores), 4. Rongeurs (Rodents), 5. Édentés (Edentates), 6. Pachydermes (Pachyderms), 7. Ruminants (Ruminants), 8. Cétacés (Cetaceans).
  Oiseaux (Birds): 1. Oiseaux de proie (Birds of prey), 2. Passereaux (Passerines), 3. Grimpeurs (Piciformes), 4. Gallinacés (Gallinaceous birds), 5. Échassiers (Waders), 6. Palmipèdes (Anseriformes).
  Reptiles (Reptiles, inc. Amphibians): 1. Chéloniens (Chelonii), 2. Sauriens (Lizards), 3. Ophidiens (Snakes), 4. Batraciens (Amphibians).
  Poissons (Fishes): 1. Chrondroptérygiens à branchies fixes (Chondrichthyes), 2. Sturioniens ou Chrondroptérygiens à branchies libres (Sturgeons), 3. Plectognates (Tetraodontiformes), 4. Lophobranches (Syngnathidae), 5. Malacoptérygiens abdominaux, 6. Malacoptérygiens subbrachiens, 7. Malacoptérygiens apodes, 8. Acanthoptérygiens (Acanthopterygians).
  II. Mollusques. (Molluscs)
  Céphalopodes. (Cephalopods)
  Ptéropodes. (Pteropods)
  Gastéropodes (Gastropods): 1. Nudibranches (Nudibranchs), 2. Inférobranches, 3. Tectibranches, 4. Pulmonés (Pulmonata), 5. Pectinibranches, 6. Scutibranches, 7. Cyclobranches.
  Acéphales (Bivalves etc.): 1. Testacés, 2. Sans coquilles.
  Brachiopodes. (Brachiopods, now a separate phylum)
  Cirrhopodes. (Barnacles, now in Crustacea)
  III. Articulés. (Articulated animals: now Arthropods and Annelids)
  Annélides (Annelids): 1. Tubicoles, 2. Dorsibranches, 3. Abranches.
  Crustacés (Crustaceans): 1. Décapodes (Decapods), 2. Stomapodes (Stomatopods), 3. Amphipodes (Amphipods), 4. Isopodes (Isopods), 5. Branchiopodes (Branchiopods).
  Arachnides (Arachnids): 1. Pulmonaires, 2. Trachéennes.
  Insectes (Insects, inc. Myriapods): 1. Myriapodes, 2. Thysanoures (Thysanura), 3. Parasites, 4. Suceurs, 5. Coléoptères (Coleoptera), 6. Orthoptères (Orthoptera), 7. Hémiptères (Hemiptera), 8. Névroptères (Neuroptera), 9. Hyménoptères (Hymenoptera), 10. Lépidoptères (Lepidoptera), 11. Ripiptères (Strepsiptera), 12. Diptères (Diptera).
  IV. Zoophytes. (Zoophytes, called Radiata in English translations; now Cnidaria and other phyla)
  Échinodermes (Echinoderms): 1. Pédicellés, 2. Sans pieds.
  Intestinaux (Helminths): 1. Cavitaires, 2. Parenchymateux.
  Acalèphes (Jellyfish and other free-floating polyps): 1. Fixes, 2. Libres.
  Polypes (Cnidaria): 1. Nus, 2. À polypiers.
  Infusoires (Infusoria, various protistan phyla): 1. Rotifères (Rotifers), 2. Homogènes.
caption: Table of the Animal Kingdom based on Cuvier's Règne Animal in the Penny Cyclopaedia, 1828
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