page_title: Mise en abyme (in literature and other media)
section_title: Examples
hierarchical_section_title: Mise en abyme (in literature and other media) / Examples
caption_attribution_description: English: Marriage à-la-Mode: 4, The Toilette. William Hogarth. The red circles indicate the parts that are discussed in the chapter "Examples". Mise en abyme in Hogarth's painting "The Toilette".
context_page_description: Mise en abyme is a transgeneric and transmedial technique, which can occur in any literary genre, in comics, film, painting or other media. It is a form of similarity and/or repetition, and hence a variant of self-reference. Mise en abyme presupposes at least two hierarchically different levels. A subordinate level 'mirrors' content or formal elements of a primary level.
  'Mirroring' can mean repetition, similarity or even, to a certain extent, contrast. The elements thus ‘mirrored’ can refer to form or content.
  Mise en abyme can be differentiated according to its quantitative, qualitative and functional features. For instance, ‘mirroring’ can occur once, several times or an infinite number of times. Further, mise en abyme can either be partial or complete and either probable, improbable or paradoxical. It can contribute to the understanding of a work, or lay bare its artificiality.
context_section_description: Mise en abyme is not restricted to a specific kind of literature or art. The recursive appearance of a novel within a novel, a play within a play, a picture within a picture, or a film within a film form mises en abyme that can have many different effects on the perception and understanding of the literary text or work of art.
caption: Marriage à-la-Mode 4: The Toilette by William Hogarth (1697-1764)
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