page_title: Hapkido
section_title: Kicking
hierarchical_section_title: Hapkido / Techniques / Kicking
caption_attribution_description: Hapkido beoefenaar voert gesprongen schaartrap uit. Foto komt uit het persoonlijk fotoalbum van mijn leraar en is geplaatst met zijn toestemming.
context_page_description: Hapkido is a hybrid Korean martial art. It is a form of self-defense that employs joint locks, grappling, throwing techniques, kicks, punches, and other striking attacks. It also teaches the use of traditional weapons, including knife, sword, rope, nunchaku, cane, short stick, and middle-length staff, gun, and bō, which vary in emphasis depending on the particular tradition examined.
  Hapkido employs both long-range and close-range fighting techniques, utilizing jumping kicks and percussive hand strikes at longer ranges, and pressure point strikes, joint locks, and throws at closer fighting distances. Hapkido emphasizes circular motion, redirection of force, and control of the opponent. Practitioners seek to gain advantage over their opponents through footwork and body positioning to incorporate the use of leverage, avoiding the use of brute strength against brute strength.
  The art was adapted from Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu as it was taught by Choi Yong-Sool when he returned to Korea after World War II after having lived in Japan for 30 years.
context_section_description: The wide variety of kicks in hapkido make it distinctly Korean. Taekwondo kicks appear to be similar to many of the kicks found in hapkido, though again circular motion is emphasized. Also, in contrast to most modern taekwondo styles, hapkido utilises a wide variety of low (below the waist), hooking or sweeping kicks, with one of the most distinctive being the low spinning (sweeping) heel kick.
  Hapkido's method of delivery tends toward greater weight commitment to the strikes and less concern for quick retraction of the kicking leg. Traditionally, Choi Yong-Sool's yu kwon sool (Korean: 유권술; Hanja: 柔拳術; RR: yugwonsul) kicking techniques were only to the lower body, but most derived varieties of hapkido, probably as a direct influence from other Korean arts, also include high kicks and jumping kicks. At the more advanced levels of Hapkido the practitioner learns "blade kicks" which utilize sweeping blade strikes of the inner and outer foot against pressure points of the body.
  Two of the earliest innovators in this regard were Ji Han-Jae and Kim Moo-Hong, both of whom were exposed to what were thought to be indigenous Korean kicking arts. They combined these forms together with the yu sool concepts for striking taught to them by Choi and during a period of 8 months training together in 1961 finalized the kicking curriculum which would be used by the Korea Hapkido Association for many years to come.
  Other influences also were exerted on the kicking techniques of important hapkido teachers. Kwon Tae-Man (권태만) initially studied under Ji Han-Jae before immigrating to southern California in the United States. Han Bong-soo studied under Gwonbeop (Korean: 권법; Hanja: 拳法) and Shūdōkan karate from Yoon Byung-In (윤병인), whose students were influential in the later forming of Kong Soo Do and Taekwondo styles, specifically the Chang Moo Kwan and Jidokwan. He, like Kim Moo-Hong, also trained briefly in the Korean art of Taekkyon under Lee Bok-Yong (이복용).
  Many other teachers like Myung Kwang-Sik (명광식), Jeong Kee-Tae (정기태), Lim Hyun-Soo (임현수), and many others trained in tang soo do and kong soo do, Shotokan and Shūdōkan karate based systems which predated and influenced the forming of first tae soo do and later modern taekwondo styles.
  Kim Sang-Cook states that while many of the original yu kwon sool students were exposed to many different contemporary Korean arts the Chung Do Kwan was of particular importance in the transition from the original jujutsu based form to what we know today as modern hapkido.
  Most forms of hapkido include a series of double kicks used to promote balance, coordination and muscular control.
  An example of a double kick set
  Front Kick
  Side Kick
  Front Kick
  Back Kick ("Turning back-side Kick")
  Front Kick
  Roundhouse Kick
  Front Heel/Hook Kick
  Roundhouse Kick
  Inverted Low Side Kick
  High Side Kick
  Inside Crescent Kick/Outside Crescent Kick (or Heeldown/Axe-Kick for both)
  Side Kick (or Inside Heeldown Kick and Side Kick)
  Outside Heel-down Kick
  Roundhouse Kick
  Ankle Scoop Kick
  Side Kick
  Cover Kick
  Front Kick
  Inside Heel Hooking-the-Thigh kick
  Front Kick
  High Spinning Heel Kick
  Low Spinning Heel Kick
  Inside Footblade Kick
  Outside Footblade Kick
  Outside Heeldown Kick
  Roundhouse
  After these kicks are mastered using one foot kick the student moves on to jumping versions using alternate kicking legs.
  Kim Chong Sung (김종성, Jang Mu Won Hapkido Founder), was one of the oldest living active hapkido instructors, maintains that the source of these kicking methods is from the indigenous Korean kicking art of Taekkyon. Others feel that these kicks are more representative of kong soo do and tang soo do styles which emerged from an adaptation of Japanese karate forms.
caption: A bidirectional kick.
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