page_title: Zenica
section_title: Bosnian War
hierarchical_section_title: Zenica / History / End of the 19th century; 20th century / Bosnian War
caption_attribution_description: Српски / srpski: Стара чаршија у Зеници
context_page_description: Zenica, is a city and an administrative and economic center of the Zenica-Doboj Canton in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the valley of river Bosna, about 70 km north of the country's capital Sarajevo. The city is known for Zenica Ironworks and the second heavy industry but also as a significant university center. According to the final results of 2013 population census in BiH, the settlement of Zenica itself counts 70,553 citizens and the administrative area 110,663.
  The urban part of today's city is formed in several phases, including Neolithic, Illyrian, Roman Municipium Bistua Nuova with early Christian dual basilica. Traces of an ancient settlement have been found here as well; villa rustica, thermae, a temple and other buildings were present too. Earliest findings in the place date from the period 3,000–2,000 B.C.; they were found on the localities of Drivuša and Gradišće. Zenica's current name was first mentioned on the 20 March 1436. Medieval church has been unearthed in Zenica, as well as Franciscan Monastery of St. Mary. Time of the independence of the Medieval Bosnia is directly connected to Zenica.
context_section_description: One year before the outbreak of the Bosnian War, in 1991, Zenica became the seat of one of the first private and independent radio stations in Eastern Europe – Radio CD-CEMP. In the spring of 1993, journalist and owner of the Radio CD-CEMP, won a Belgian accolade for independent journalism – "The Pen Of Peace".
  The first official civil victim of the Bosnian War in Zenica was a two-year-old Croat girl Matea Jurić (29 July 1990 – 13 May 1992), who was killed by a gunshot during the blockade of the military barrack of JNA in the urban settlement of Bilimišće. Today, meeting to remember Jurić is traditionally organized in Radakovo, where she has a memorial panel to lay flowers next to it.
  On 19 April 1993, during the Muslim–Croat War, 16 civilians were killed and 50, injured, when HVO's grenade from a howitzer hit the central bazaar of Zenica. The grenade was shot from the village of Putićevo [15 km (9.3 mi)]. A total of six grenades hit the target, three series of two. During this period Zenica was isolated from the rest of the world for a year and a half. The city suffered significant loss of the civic society from sniper fire, arson and hunger. The fourth-biggest city of BiH had neither water nor electricity.
  During the war, an economic meeting ZEPS was still organized.
  Zenica's populace changed much during the war, with the arrival of Muslims (today's Bosniaks) from other parts of BiH and the departure of Serbs to areas under Serb control.
caption: Part of the Old town at night
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