page_title: Cardinals created by John Paul II
section_title: 26 November 1994
hierarchical_section_title: Cardinals created by John Paul II / 26 November 1994
caption_attribution_description: English: picture taken in Rome (visit to CICM meeting)
context_page_description: Pope John Paul II created 231 cardinals in nine consistories held at roughly three-year intervals. Three of those cardinals were first created in pectore, that is, without their names being announced, and only identified by the pope later. He named a fourth in pectore as well but never revealed that name. At his 2001 consistory, where he elevated 42 prelates and announced the names of two created in pectore earlier, he created more cardinals at one time than ever before or since. His consistories in 1985, 1994, and 2003 were among the largest ever.
  In his first three consistories, John Paul adhered to the limit of 120 that Pope Paul VI set on the number of cardinal electors in 1975. and he included that maximum when he reformed the papal conclave procedures in 1996. His appointments exceeded that number for the first time in 1988 when the number of electors rose to 121, and then again in 1998 when it reached 122. In each of his last two consistories, in 2001 and 2003, he raised the number to 135, a figure not yet surpassed by his successors.
  He was the first pope to allow someone not a bishop to become a cardinal since Pope John XXIII mandated that cardinals be bishops in 1962.
context_section_description: On 30 October 1994, John Paul announced the names of 30 new cardinals from 24 countries, scheduling the consistory for 26 November. He said others were deserving but he "thought it appropriate to adhere to the limit set by my Predecessor Paul VI". The total number of cardinals reached 167 after the consistory.
  Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir (1920–2019)
  Miloslav Vlk (1932–2017)
  Luigi Poggi (1917–2010)
  Peter Shirayanagi (1928–2009)
  Vincenzo Fagiolo (1918–2000)
  Carlo Furno (1921–2015)
  Carlos Oviedo Cavada (1927–1998)
  Thomas Winning (1925–2001)
  Adolfo Suárez Rivera (1927–2008)
  Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino (1936–2019)
  Julius Darmaatmadja (b. 1934)
  Jan Pieter Schotte (1928–2005)
  Pierre Eyt (1934–2001)
  Gilberto Agustoni (1922–2017)
  Emmanuel Wamala (b. 1926)
  William Henry Keeler (1931–2017)
  Augusto Vargas Alzamora (1922–2000)
  Jean-Claude Turcotte (1936–2015)
  Ricardo María Carles Gordó (1926–2013)
  Adam Maida (b. 1930)
  Vinko Puljić (b. 1945)
  Armand Razafindratandra (1925–2010)
  Phạm Đình Tụng (1919–2009)
  Juan Sandoval Íñiguez (b. 1933)
  Bernardino Echeverría Ruiz (1912–2000)
  Kazimierz Świątek (1914–2011)
  Ersilio Tonini (1914–2013)
  Mikel Koliqi (1900–1997)
  Yves Congar (1905–1995)
  Aloys Grillmeier (1910–1998)
caption: Jan Pieter Schotte (1928-2005), made a cardinal on 26 November 1994.
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