page_title: Italy–Spain relations
section_title: Interwar period
hierarchical_section_title: Italy–Spain relations / Interwar period
caption_attribution_description: Italiano: Vittorio Emanuele III e Alfonso XIII al Vittoriano
context_page_description: Italy–Spain relations refers to interstate relations between Italy and Spain. Both countries established diplomatic relations after the unification of Italy. Relations between Italy and Spain have remained strong and affable for centuries owing to various political, cultural, and historical connections between the two nations.
context_section_description: Despite some incipient attempts to promote further understanding between the two countries, immediately after the end of World War I there were still issues restraining further Italian-Spanish engagement in Spain, including a sector of public opinion showing aversion towards Italy (a prominent example being Austria-born Queen Mother Maria Christina).
  Once dictators Benito Mussolini (1922) and Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923) got to power, conditions for closer relations became more clear, with the notion of a rapprochement to Italy becoming more interesting to the Spanish Government policy, particularly in terms of the profit those improved relations could deliver to Spain vis-à-vis the Tangier question (with France conversely antagonising Spain on this issue). For Italy, the installment of the dictatorship in Spain offered a prospect for greater cultural ascendancy over a country with a government now widely interesed in the reforms carried out in Italy. The diplomatic relations between the two countries often became entangled in the wider triangular diplomacy that also included France. While showing a will for friendship and rapprochement, the "Treaty for Conciliation and Arbitration" signed in August 1926 between the two countries delivered limited substance in practical terms, compared to the expectations at the starting point of the Primorriverista dictatorship. A diplomatic "honeymoon" between the two regimes followed the signing of the treaty, nonetheless.
caption: Alfonso XIII and Victor Emmanuel III during the visit of the former with Primo de Rivera to Italy in November 1923.
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