page_title: List of Russian people
section_title: Biologists and paleontologists
hierarchical_section_title: List of Russian people / Scientists and scholars / Biologists and paleontologists
caption_attribution_description: English: Portrait of the agriculturist Andrei Bolotov (1738-1833)
context_page_description: This is a list of people associated with the modern Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, Imperial Russia, Russian Tsardom, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Kievan Rus', and other predecessor states of Russia.
  Regardless of ethnicity or emigration, the list includes famous natives of Russia and its predecessor states, as well as people who were born elsewhere but spent most of their active life in Russia.
context_section_description: Johann Friedrich Adam, discovered the Adams mammoth, the first complete woolly mammoth skeleton
  Karl Baer, naturalist, founded the Russian Entomological Society, formulated embryological Baer's laws
  Nikolai Bernstein, neurophysiologist, coined the term biomechanics
  Andrey Bolotov, major 18th century agriculturist, discovered dichogamy, pioneered cross-pollination
  Alexander Chizhevsky, founder of heliobiology and modern air ionification
  Andrey Famintsyn, plant physiologist, inventor of grow lamp, developer of symbiogenesis theory
  Yuri Filipchenko, entomologist, coined the terms microevolution and macroevolution
  Johann Georg Gmelin, the first researcher of Siberian flora
  Alexander Gurwitsch, originated the morphogenetic field theory and discovered the biophoton
  Ilya Ivanov, researcher of artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals, attempted to create a human-ape hybrid
  Dmitry Ivanovsky, discoverer of viruses
  Georgii Karpechenko, inventor of rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through crossbreeding)
  Nikolai Koltsov, discoverer of cytoskeleton
  Vladimir Komarov, plant geographer, President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, founder of the Komarov Botanical Institute
  Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of immune system, probiotics and phagocytosis, coined the term gerontology, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
  Konstantin Merezhkovsky, major lichenologist, developer of symbiogenesis theory, a founder of endosymbiosis theory
  Ivan Michurin, pomologist, selectionist and geneticist, practitioned crossing of geographically distant plants, created hundreds of fruit cultivars
  Alexander Middendorf, zoologist and explorer, studied the influence of permafrost on living beings, coined the term radula, prominent horse breeder
  Victor Motschulsky, prominent researcher of beetles
  Sergei Navashin, discovered double fertilization
  Alexey Olovnikov, predicted existence of Telomerase, suggested the Telomere hypothesis of aging and the Telomere relations to cancer
  Aleksandr Oparin, biologist and biochemist, proposed the "Primordial soup" theory of life origin, showed that many food production processes are based on biocatalysis
  Heinz Christian Pander, embryologist, discovered germ layers
  Peter Simon Pallas, polymath naturalist, explorer, discoverer of multiple animals, including the Pallas's cat, Pallas's squirrel, and Pallas's gull
  Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern physiology, the first to research classical conditioning, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
  Vladimir Pravdich-Neminsky, published the first EEG and the evoked potential of the mammalian brain
  Carl Schmidt, researcher of biochemical crystal structures, proved the chemical similarity of animal and plant cells
  Boris Schwanwitsch, entomologist, applied colour patterns of insect wings to military camouflage during World War II
  Ivan Sechenov, founder of electrophysiology and neurophysiology
  Georg Wilhelm Steller, naturalist, participant of Vitus Bering's voyages, discoverer of Steller's jay, Steller's eider, extinct Steller's sea cow and multiple other animals
  Lina Stern, pioneer researcher of blood–brain barrier
  Armen Takhtajan, developer of Takhtajan system of flowering plant classification, major biogeographer
  Kliment Timiryazev, plant physiologist and evolutionist, major researcher of chlorophyll
  Lev Tsenkovsky, pioneer researcher of the ontogenesis of lower plants and animals
  Mikhail Tsvet, inventor of chromatography
  Nikolai Vavilov, botanist and geneticist, gathered the world's largest collection of plant seeds, identified the centres of origin of main cultivated plants
  Sergey Vinogradsky, microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist, pioneered the biogeochemical cycle concept, discovered lithotrophy and chemosynthesis, invented the Winogradsky column for breeding of microorganisms
  Ivan Yefremov, paleontologist, sci-fi author, founded taphonomy
  Sergey Zimov, creator of the Pleistocene Park
caption: Andrey Bolotov
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