page_title: Sharp QT-8D
hierarchical_section_title: Sharp QT-8D
caption_attribution_description: English: The ICs based on their function: The NRD 2256 handles numerical read-in and display, converting keyboard scan-codes into digit values and activating the various display tube segments based on digit values. The DC 2266 does decimal-point control, performing the automatic floating-decimal logic and aligning decimal points for arithmetic operations. The AC 2261 controls the arithmetic and provides the registers the AU 2271 performs the arithmetic (using a digital adder) and controls input to the registers
context_page_description: The Sharp QT-8D Micro Compet, a small electronic desktop calculator, was the first mass-produced calculator to have its logic circuitry entirely implemented with LSI integrated circuits based on MOS technology. When it was introduced in late 1969, it was one of the smallest electronic calculators ever produced commercially. Previous electronic calculators had been about the size of a typewriter and had logic circuits built from numerous discrete transistors and diodes or small- to medium-scale ICs. The QT-8D's logic circuits were packed into just four LSI ICs.
  The QT-8D was released in Japan at a price of 99,800 Japanese yen, a new low for electronic calculators. The retail price in the United States was $395 in 1970, equivalent to about $2,650 in 2019.
  The QT-8D only performs the four basic arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Like many calculators intended for business use, the QT-8D adds and subtracts in the style of an adding machine: after entering each number, the operator presses either the white += key, to add it to the current total, or the red −= key, to subtract it from the total.
context_section_description: The Sharp QT-8D Micro Compet, a small electronic desktop calculator, was the first mass-produced calculator to have its logic circuitry entirely implemented with LSI (large-scale integration) integrated circuits (ICs) based on MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) technology. When it was introduced in late 1969, it was one of the smallest electronic calculators ever produced commercially. Previous electronic calculators had been about the size of a typewriter and had logic circuits built from numerous discrete transistors and diodes or small- to medium-scale ICs. The QT-8D's logic circuits were packed into just four LSI ICs.
  The QT-8D was released in Japan at a price of 99,800 Japanese yen, a new low for electronic calculators. The retail price in the United States was $395 in 1970, equivalent to about $2,650 in 2019.
  The QT-8D only performs the four basic arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Like many calculators intended for business use, the QT-8D adds and subtracts in the style of an adding machine: after entering each number, the operator presses either the white += key, to add it to the current total, or the red −= key, to subtract it from the total. However, the QT-8D is unusual in that multiplication and division share a single key ×÷. To multiply or divide, the operator enters the first number, presses ×÷, enters the second number, and then presses either += to multiply or −= to divide. The resulting product or quotient is then added to or subtracted from the total in the usual way, by pressing += or −=.
  The keyboard has 15 keys in all and uses magnetic reed switches, which, although expensive, are extremely reliable.
  The display has eight digits, with both a minus sign and an overflow indicator dot on the right hand side. The decimal point is "floating"—it is positioned automatically by the calculator logic. This was an advanced feature for the time; many desk calculators of this era had fixed decimal points and required very wide displays to maintain a minimum level of precision across the entire range of numbers available. The QT-8D's floating decimal allowed its display to be much narrower while still keeping eight digits of precision.
  The display is a vacuum fluorescent display, the first such display ever used in a production calculator. It is built from nine individual tubes, one tube for each digit and a single extra tube for the minus sign and overflow indicator. These Iseden "itron" tubes have a unique digit style which is very different from today's seven-segment displays. Each digit tube uses nine segments to form the digits, and these segments are of varying shapes and lengths, producing a distinctive digit style reminiscent of handwritten digits. The digit "0" is only half the height of the other digits. This half-height zero makes it easy to distinguish zeros from other digits, a useful feature since the QT-8D does not have logic to suppress leading or trailing zeros in the display.
  Because Japanese integrated circuit manufacturers were not yet able to produce the high-density MOS LSI ICs which Sharp needed, Sharp sought help from U.S. semiconductor firms. Sharp eventually made an agreement with Rockwell International, which manufactured the QT-8D's LSI ICs for Sharp based on Sharp's logic designs. Each of the four LSI ICs contains the equivalent of about 700 to 900 transistors, and the ICs are named based on their functions. The NRD 2256 handles numerical read-in and display, converting keyboard scancodes into digit values and activating the various display tube segments based on digit values. The DC 2266 does decimal-point control, performing the automatic floating-decimal logic and aligning decimal points for arithmetic operations. The AC 2261 controls the arithmetic and provides the registers, and the AU 2271 performs the arithmetic (using a digital adder) and controls input to the registers.
  By the standards of its time, the QT-8D is quite a fast calculator. Dividing 99999999 by 1, which is the worst case for the simple long division method used on many calc
caption: Sharp QT-8D Micro Compet Main PCB
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