page_title: Kirchhoff's circuit laws
section_title: Kirchhoff's voltage law
hierarchical_section_title: Kirchhoff's circuit laws / Kirchhoff's voltage law
context_page_description: In 1845, German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff described two laws about electrical circuits..
  These laws are generalizations of Ohm's law.
  Kirchhoff's circuit laws are very useful in solving circuit problems.
context_section_description: Kirchhoff's voltage law is also known as Kirchhoff's second law, a closed circuit law and Kirchhoff's loop law.
  The algebraic sum of the voltage (potential) differences in any loop must equal zero.(This circuit is a closed circuit)
  Any complex circuit can be divided into many closed circuits.
  This law means that in the circuit there is an electric cell and electric resistance.
  The electric cell gives the charge a electromotive force, and then the electric resistance dissipates this force.
  But in electric resistance if the direction is opposite of the current's direction, this electric resistance adds to the electromotive force.
  This Kirchhoff's second law is based on potential energy preservation law.
caption: The sum of all the voltages around the loop is equal to zero. v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 = 0
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