page_title: Wall of Shame
section_title: Applied to the Berlin Wall
hierarchical_section_title: Wall of Shame / Applied to the Berlin Wall
caption_attribution_description: For documentary purposes the German Federal Archive often retained the original image captions, which may be erroneous, biased, obsolete or politically extreme. 29.4.1960 West-Berlin Bürgermeister Willy Brandt im Notaufnahmelager Marienfelde
context_page_description: "Wall of Shame" is a phrase that is most commonly associated with the Berlin Wall. In this context, the phrase was coined by Willy Brandt, and it was used by the government of West Berlin, and later popularized in the English-speaking world and elsewhere from the beginning of the 1960s. Inspired by its usage in reference to the Berlin Wall, the term has later been used more widely.
  For example, the term "Wall of Shame" can be applied to things, including physical barriers serving dishonourable or disputed separation purposes, physical and virtual bulletin boards listing names or images for purposes of shaming, and even lists in print.
  Additionally, "Wall of Shame" may be a significant part in the building of a "Hall of Shame", although, more often, a "Wall of Shame" is a monument in its own right. More recently, the term "Wall of Shame" has been used in reference to the Mexico–United States barrier, the Egypt–Gaza barrier and the Israeli West Bank barrier.
context_section_description: The term was used by the government of West Berlin to refer to the Berlin Wall, which surrounded West Berlin and separated it from East Berlin and the GDR. In 1961, the government of East Germany named the erected wall as the "Anti-Fascist Protection Wall", a part of the inner German border; many Berliners, however, called it "Schandmauer" ("Wall of Shame").
  The term was coined by governing mayor Willy Brandt. Outside Germany it first appeared as "Wall of Shame" in a cover story published by TIME in 1962, and President of the United States John F. Kennedy used the term in his Annual Message to the US Congress on the State of the Union, 14 January 1963. Often, graffiti would be painted on points, where a street would intersect with the wall, often reading, "Road blocked by Wall of Shame".
  The Berlin Wall was referred to as the "Wall of Shame" in many more recent notable contexts, such as:
  The academic article, "The Democratic Invention", by Mário Soares, former Prime Minister and later President of Portugal (1986–1996)
  The "Our Europe" speech by Jacques Chirac, President of France, to the Bundestag, 27 June 2000
  A speech in 2002 by Romano Prodi, Prime Minister of Italy and former President of the European Commission
caption: Willy Brandt coined the term Wall of Shame in reference to the Berlin Wall
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