page_title: Amadu III of Masina
section_title: Defeat and death
hierarchical_section_title: Amadu III of Masina / Defeat and death
caption_attribution_description: English: General outline (red) of El-Hadj Umar Tall's jihad state at the time of his death (1864), at the empire's greatest extent. Covering much of modern Mali, as well as parts of Guinea and Mauritania
context_page_description: Amadu III of Masina, also known as Amadu Amadu was the third and last ruler of the theocratic Massina Empire in the Inner Niger Delta, now the Mopti Region of Mali. He was elected as successor to his father, Amadu II of Masina, in 1853. Throughout most of his rule he was involved in conflict with the jihadist al-Hajj 'Umar Tall, who defeated and executed him on 16 May 1862.
context_section_description: In 1862 'Umar advanced into Masina, receiving deserters and meeting little resistance.
  Amadu III was joined by the Kunta under Ahmad al-Bekkay, who had until then been his enemies but supported him in the face of aggression by a Muslim, 
  which was contrary to the law.
  Before the decisive battle 'Umar proposed to fight a duel with Aḥmadu III, but the latter refused.
  Aḥmadu was defeated in battle on 15 May 1862, and 'Umar occupied Hamdallahi.
  Aḥmadu was captured and decapitated.
  Ba Lobbo briefly continued resistance against the Tokolor, but the death of Amadu III and the loss of Hamdullahi marked the end of the Massina Empire as an effective force in the region.
  Despite al-Hajj 'Umar's eloquent justifications, the controversy over the war against the Muslim state of Masina continued after the death of Amadu III. 
  A revolt broke out against 'Umar in 1863, and he was killed in 1864.
  Although 'Umar did not have time to establish control of Masina, his nephew al-Tijānī (Tidiani Tall) succeeded. 
  It was not until 1897 that the French took control of the region.
caption: Territory controlled by al-Hajj 'Umar at the time of his death.
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