page_title: Presidio
section_title: Philippines
hierarchical_section_title: Presidio / Philippines
caption_attribution_description: English: This is a map outlining the general locations of the Spanish "Presidios" built in the Philippines during the 1600s, according to the book: Fortress of Empire by Rene Javellana, S. J. 1997
context_page_description: A presidio is a fortified base established by the Spanish in areas under their control or influence.
  The term is derived from the Latin word praesidium meaning protection or defense.
  In the Americas, the fortresses were built to protect against pirates and rival colonists, as well as against resistance from Native Americans. In the Mediterranean and the Philippines, the presidios were outposts of Christian defense against Islamic raids. The presidios of Spanish-Philippines in particular, were centers where the martial art of Arnis de Mano was developed, combining Filipino, Latin-American and Spanish fighting techniques. Later in western North America, with independence, the Mexicans garrisoned the Spanish presidios on the northern frontier and followed the same pattern in unsettled frontier regions like the Presidio de Sonoma, at Sonoma, California, and the Presidio de Calabasas, in Arizona.
  In western North America, a rancho del rey or king's ranch would be established a short distance outside a presidio. This was a tract of land assigned to the presidio to furnish pasturage to the horses and other beasts of burden of the garrison. Mexico called this facility "rancho nacional".
context_section_description: Luzon:
  The Presidio de Santiago, founded in 1593 in Intramuros, Manila
  The Presidio de San Felipe (Cavite), founded in 1609 in San Roque, Cavite
  Visayas:
  Presidio de Lawis in Madridejos, Cebu the current structure is the oldest in the country laid down around 1628-1630
  The Presidio (Fort) de San Pedro (Iloilo), founded in 1616 in Iloilo City
  The Presidio de San Pedro (Cebu), founded in 1630 in Cebu
  Mindanao:
  The Presidio de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza, founded in 1635 in Zamboanga
caption: This is a map outlining the general locations of the Spanish "Presidios" built in the Philippines during the 1600s, according to the book Fortress of Empire by Rene Javellana, S. J. (1997)
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