page_title: Operation Carthage
section_title: Background
hierarchical_section_title: Operation Carthage / Background
caption_attribution_description: English: Institut Jeanne d'Arc, a Roman Catholic school in Frederiksberg Allé, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen. Est. 1924, bombed by accident by the RAF 16 March, 1945 and demolished.
context_page_description: Operation Carthage, on 21 March 1945, was a British air raid on Copenhagen, Denmark during the Second World War which caused significant collateral damage. The target of the raid was the Shellhus, used as Gestapo headquarters in the city centre. It was used for the storage of dossiers and the torture of Danish citizens during interrogations. The Danish Resistance had long asked the British to conduct a raid against the site. The building was destroyed, 18 prisoners were freed and Nazi anti-resistance activities were disrupted. Part of the raid was mistakenly directed against a nearby school; the raid caused 125 civilian deaths. A similar raid against the Gestapo headquarters in Aarhus, on 31 October 1944, had succeeded.
context_section_description: The raid was requested by members of the Danish resistance movement to free imprisoned members and to destroy the records of the Gestapo, to disrupt their operations. The RAF initially turned down the request as too risky, due to the location in a crowded city centre and the need for low-level bombing but they approved the raid in early 1945 after repeated requests. Once approval had been given, planning for the raid took several weeks; scale models of the target building and the surrounding city were built for use by pilots and navigators in preparation for a very low-level attack.
caption: Institut Jeanne d'Arc, a Roman Catholic girl school in Frederiksberg Allé, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen. Established in 1924, bombed by accident by the RAF 21 March 1945 and demolished.
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