page_title: Canard (aeronautics)
section_title: Basic design principles
hierarchical_section_title: Canard (aeronautics) / Basic design principles
caption_attribution_description: English: Fighter-bomber Sukhoi Su-34 Fullback (The international aerospace salon MAKS-2013) Русский: Истребитель-бомбардировщик Су-34 (Международный авиакосмический салон МАКС-2013)
context_page_description: A canard is an aeronautical arrangement wherein a small forewing or foreplane is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. The term "canard" may be used to describe the aircraft itself, the wing configuration, or the foreplane.
  The term "canard" arose from the appearance of the Santos-Dumont 14-bis of 1906, which was said to be reminiscent of a duck with its neck stretched out in flight.
  Despite the use of a canard surface on the first powered aeroplane, the Wright Flyer of 1903, canard designs were not built in quantity until the appearance of the Saab Viggen jet fighter in 1967. The aerodynamics of the canard configuration are complex and require careful analysis.
  Rather than use the conventional tailplane configuration found on most aircraft, an aircraft designer may adopt the canard configuration to reduce the main wing loading, to better control the main wing airflow, or to increase the aircraft's maneuverability, especially at high angles of attack or during a stall. Canard foreplanes, whether used in a canard or three-surface configuration, have important consequences on the aircraft's longitudinal equilibrium, static and dynamic stability characteristics.
context_section_description: A canard foreplane may be used for various reasons such as lift, (in)stability, trim, flight control, or to modify airflow over the main wing.  Design analysis has been divided into two main classes, for the lifting-canard and the control-canard. These classes may follow the close-coupled type or not, and a given design may provide either or both of lift and control.
caption: Su-34, with canards
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