page_title: Nicholas II of Russia
section_title: Honours
hierarchical_section_title: Nicholas II of Russia / Titles, styles, honours and arms / Honours
caption_attribution_description: Русский: Николай II в форме форме Кавалергардского Ее Величества Государыни Императрицы Марии Федоровны полка. English: Nicholas II of Russia in the uniform of Chevaliers Gardes Regiment.
context_page_description: Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov, known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer, was the last Emperor of All Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until being forced to abdicate on 15 March 1917. During his reign, the Russian Empire enacted reforms such as the introduction of civil liberties, literacy programs, state representation, construction of modern infrastructures, industrialization and rebuilding the military after its disastrous defeat in the Russo-Japanese war. In the Soviet Union, he was reviled by historians and state propaganda as a hardhearted tyrant who oppressed his own people while callously sending countless soldiers to their deaths. More recent assessments have characterized him as a well-intentioned but feeble-minded ruler unsuited to handle the modern challenges facing his empire.
  As Emperor, Nicholas gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by top aides Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin, but strong aristocratic opposition prevented these from becoming fully effective. He supported modernization based on foreign loans and close ties with France, but resisted giving the new parliament major roles.
context_section_description: Emperor Nicholas II Land (Russian: Земля Императора Николая II, Zemlya Imperatora Nikolaya II) was discovered in 1913 by the Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition led by Boris Vilkitsky on behalf of the Russian Hydrographic Service. Still incompletely surveyed, the new territory was officially named in the Emperor's honour by order of the Secretary of the Imperial Navy in 1914. The archipelago was renamed "Severnaya Zemlya" in 1926 by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union.
  National
  Knight of St. Andrew, 1 June 1868
  Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, 1 June 1868
  Knight of the White Eagle, 1 June 1868
  Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class, 1 June 1868
  Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class, 1 June 1868
  Knight of St. Vladimir, 4th Class, 11 September 1890
  Knight of St. George, 4th Class, 7 November 1915
  Foreign
   Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of St. Stephen, 18 May 1884
   Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Royal Order of Leopold, 18 May 1884
   Empire of Brazil: Grand Cross of the Southern Cross, 1 October 1884
   Emirate of Bukhara:
  Order of Noble Bukhara, 14 November 1885; in Diamonds, 11 March 1889
  Order of the Crown of Bukhara, in Diamonds, 3 December 1893
  Order of the Sun of Alexander, 30 May 1898
   Bulgaria:
  Grand Cross of St. Alexander, 18 May 1884
  Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 23 February 1910
   Denmark:
  Knight of the Elephant, 18 May 1884
  Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog, 11 September 1891
  Commemorative Medal for the Golden Wedding of King Christian IX and Queen Louise, 1892
  Grand Commander of the Dannebrog, 26 November 1894
   Ethiopian Empire: Grand Cross of the Seal of Solomon, 12 July 1895
   France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, 18 May 1884
   German Empire: Knight of the Black Eagle, 18 May 1884
   Baden:
  Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1883
  Knight of the Order of Berthold the First, 1883
   Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert, 1884
   Hesse and by Rhine: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 14 May 1884
   Mecklenburg: Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore, 21 January 1879
   Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 27 April 1881
   Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1881
   Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown
   Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1884
   Kingdom of Greece: Grand Cross of the Redeemer, 18 May 1884
   Kingdom of Italy:
  Knight of the Annunciation, 18 May 1884
  Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 18 May 1884
  Gold Medal of Military Valour, 4 September 1916
   Holy See: Grand Cross of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, 18 May 1884
   Military Order of Malta: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion
   Empire of Japan:
  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, 17 June 1882; Collar, 3 March 1896
  Grand Cordon of the Rising Sun, with Paulownia Flowers, 16 September 1882
   Mongolia: Order of the Precious Rod, 1913
   Principality of Montenegro: Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I
   Netherlands:
  Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion, 27 March 1881
  Commemorative Medal of the Second Hague Peace Conference, 1907
   Ottoman Empire: Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class, 9 August 1884
   Persian Empire: Order of the August Portrait, 9 August 1884
   Kingdom of Portugal: Grand Cross of the Sash of the Two Orders, 25 May 1881; Three Orders, 9 April 1896
   Qing dynasty: Order of the Double Dragon, Class I Grade I in Diamonds, 4 May 1896
   Kingdom of Romania:
  Grand Cross of the Star of Romania, 18 May 1884
  Collar of the Order of Carol I, 15 June 1906
   Kingdom of Serbia:
  Grand Cross of St. Sava
  Grand Cross of the Star of Karađorđe, 1910
   Siam: Knight of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, 20 March 1891
   Spain: Knight of the Golden Fleece, 12 April 1883
   Sweden: Knight of the Seraphim, 19 May 1883; with Collar, 25 May 1908
   United Kingdom:
  Stranger Knight of the Garter, 1 July 1893
  Royal Victorian Chain, 6 September 1904
  Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath (military), 20 October 1916
  Nicholas II was granted honorary senior rank in a number of foreign armies, reciprocating by extending similar distinctions to a number of his fellow 
caption: Nicholas II in the uniform of Chevalier Guard Regiment, 1896
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