page_title: Kudurru
hierarchical_section_title: Kudurru
caption_attribution_description: English: Babylonian kudurru of the Kassite Period, known as the "Michaux Stone". The stele bears an inscription (a property charter) in Akkadian script. Black serpentine, from the reign of Marduk-nadin-akhi (ca. 1099–1082 BC), found near Baghdad in 1784 by the French botanist Michaux, hence the name. Español: Piedra Michaux: kudurru babilónico perteneciente a la dinastía casita. Contiene grabadas figuras de deidades mesopotámicas y una inscripción en lengua acadia mediante caracteres cuneiformes. Fue hallada por el botánico francés Michaux en 1784 y constituyó el primer resto de la civilización mesopotámica que llegó a la Europa moderna. Français&#160;: Kudurru (stèle) babylonienne de l'époque kassite, avec deux registres de motifs iconographiques surmontant un texte akkadien en cunéiforme, la charte de propriété d'un champ constitué en dot par Tsir-Utsur à sa fille Dur-Sarginaïti, sa fille. Serpentine noire, règne de Marduk-nadin-akhi (v. 1099–1082 av. J.-C.), découvert en 1784 près de Bagdad par le botaniste français André Michaux (1746-1802), d'où son nom. Українська: Кудурру пізнього каситського періоду, відомий як «Камінь Мішо». Чорний зміїний, початок XI століття до н. е.. Знайдений французьким ботаніком Андре Мішо близько Багдаду в 1785
context_page_description: Kudurru was a type of stone document used as boundary stones and as records of land grants to vassals by the Kassites in ancient Babylonia between the 16th and 12th centuries BCE. The word is Akkadian for "frontier" or "boundary". The kudurrus are the only surviving artworks for the period of Kassite rule in Babylonia with examples kept in the Louvre, the British Museum, and the National Museum of Iraq.
  The kudurrus recorded the land granted by the king to his vassals as a record of his decision. The original kudurru would be stored in a temple while the person granted the land would be given a clay copy to use as a boundary stone to confirm legal ownership.
  The kudurrus would contain symbolic images of the deities who were protecting the contract, the contract, and the divine curse that would be placed on a person who broke the contract. Some kudurrus also contained an image of the king who granted the land. As they contained a great deal of images as well as a contract, kudurrus were engraved on large slabs of stone.
context_section_description: Kudurru was a type of stone document used as boundary stones and as records of land grants to vassals by the Kassites in ancient Babylonia between the 16th and 12th centuries BCE. The word is Akkadian for "frontier" or "boundary" (cf. Hebrew: גדר gader, fence, boundary; Arabic: جدر‎ jadr, جدار jidar 'wall'; pl. جدور judūr). The kudurrus are the only surviving artworks for the period of Kassite rule in Babylonia with examples kept in the Louvre, the British Museum, and the National Museum of Iraq.
  The kudurrus recorded the land granted by the king to his vassals as a record of his decision. The original kudurru would be stored in a temple while the person granted the land would be given a clay copy to use as a boundary stone to confirm legal ownership.
  The kudurrus would contain symbolic images of the deities who were protecting the contract, the contract, and the divine curse that would be placed on a person who broke the contract. Some kudurrus also contained an image of the king who granted the land. As they contained a great deal of images as well as a contract, kudurrus were engraved on large slabs of stone.
caption: Babylonian kudurru of the late Kassite period found near Baghdad by the French botanist André Michaux (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris)
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