page_title: Quartal and quintal harmony
section_title: Classical
hierarchical_section_title: Quartal and quintal harmony / Examples of quartal pieces / Classical
caption_attribution_description: English: Parallel fourths evoking organum in Debussy's "The Sunken Cathedral" opening
context_page_description: In music, quartal harmony is the building of harmonic structures built from the intervals of the perfect fourth, the augmented fourth and the diminished fourth. For instance, a three-note quartal chord on C can be built by stacking perfect fourths, C–F–B♭.
  Quintal harmony is harmonic structure preferring the perfect fifth, the augmented fifth and the diminished fifth. For instance, a three-note quintal chord on C can be built by stacking perfect fifths, C–G–D.
context_section_description: William Albright
  Sonata for Alto Saxophone and Piano (Lewis 1985, 443)
  Alban Berg
  Sonata for Piano, op. 1 (Lambert 1996, 118)
  Wozzeck (Lambert 1996, 118; Reisberg 1975, 344–46)
  Carlos Chávez
  Sinfonía de Antígona (Symphony No. 1), uses quartal harmony throughout (Orbón 1987, 83)
  Sinfonía india (Symphony No. 2), the A-minor Sonora melody beginning in b. 183 is accompanied by quartal harmonies (Leyva 2010, 56)
  Aaron Copland
  Of Mice and Men (Bick 2005, 446, 448, 451)
   Claude Debussy
  "La cathédrale engloutie", beginning and ending (Reisberg 1975, 343–44)
  Norman Dello Joio
  Suite for Piano
  Caspar Diethelm
  Piano Sonata No. 7 (Kroeger 1969)
  Alberto Ginastera
  12 American Preludes, Prelude #7
  Carlos Guastavino
  "Donde habite el olvido" (Kulp 2006, 207)
  Howard Hanson
  Symphony No. 2 ("Romantic") (Perone 1993, 8)
  Walter Hartley
  Bacchanalia for Band (Spieth 1978)
  Charles Ives
  "The Cage" (1906) (Carr 1989, 135; Lambert 1990, 44; Lambert 1996, 118; Murphy 2008, 179, 181, 183, 185–86, 190–91; Reisberg 1975, 344–45; Scott 1994, 458)
  Central Park in the Dark (Scott 1994, 458)
  "Harpalus" (Scott 1994, 458)
  Psalm 24, verse 5 (Lambert 1990, 67; Scott 1994, 458)
  Psalm 90 (Scott 1994, 458)
  "Walking"  (Scott 1994, 458)
  Aram Khachaturian
  Toccata
  Benjamin Lees
  String Quartet No. 2, Adagio (Cowell 1956, 243)
  Darius Milhaud
  Sonatina for flute & piano, Op. 76 (Cardew-Fanning n.d.)
  Walter Piston
  Clarinet Concerto (Archibald 1969, 825)
  Ricercare for Orchestra (Archibald 1969, 825)
  Einojuhani Rautavaara
  "Kvartit" (Fourths), Op. 42, Études (Rautavaara)
  Maurice Ravel
  Ma mère l'oye : "Mouvt de Marche" of  "Laideronnette" (Murphy, Melcher, and Warch 1973,)
  Ned Rorem
  King Midas, cantata (Sjoerdsma 1972)
  Erik Satie
  Le Fils des étoiles (Carpenter n.d.; Reisberg 1975, 347)
  Arnold Schoenberg
  The Book of the Hanging Gardens (Domek 1979, 112–13, 117)
  Chamber Symphony, Op. 9 (Reisberg 1975, 344–45; Sanderson n.d.), slow section (Rubin 2005), b. 1–3 (Lambert 1990, 68)
  Wind Quintet, op. 26 (Corson and Christensen 1984)
  Cyril Scott
  Diatonic Study (1914) (Stein 1979, 18)
  Nikos Skalkottas
  Suite No. 3 for Piano (Dickinson 1963)
  Stephen Sondheim
  Piano Sonata (Swayne 2002, 285–87, 290)
  Karlheinz Stockhausen
  Klavierstück IX (Reisberg 1975, 349–50)
  Howard Swanson
  "Saw a Grave" (Moe 1981–82, 70)
  Heitor Villa-Lobos
  Nonet (1923) (Béhague 1994, 70, 72)
  Anton Webern
  Variations for Piano, Op. 27 (Reisberg 1975, 348)
caption: Parallel fourths evoking organum in Debussy's "The Sunken Cathedral" opening About this soundPlay (help·info) (Reisberg 1975, 343–44)
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