page_title: Navi Mumbai
section_title: Implementation, development and issues
hierarchical_section_title: Navi Mumbai / Implementation, development and issues
caption_attribution_description: English: Vashi, Navi Mumbai skyline
context_page_description: Navi Mumbai, is a planned city on the west coast of the Indian state of Maharashtra in Konkan division. The city is divided into two parts, North Navi Mumbai and South Navi Mumbai, for the individual development of Panvel Mega City, which includes the area from Kharghar to Uran. Navi Mumbai has a population of 1,119,477 as per the 2011 provisional census. It has average city elevation excluding forest area of 14 meters.
  In the late 1960s, Adi Kanga, a civil engineer, and some of his friends lamented that their city, the bustling Mumbai, was overpopulated. As the commercial capital of India, it was attracting large numbers of citizens, with which the available infrastructure could not cope. So the friends came up with the concept of building a new city, New Bombay, on the mainland, across from the seven islands of the old city.
  The area was proposed in 1971 to be a new urban township of Mumbai by the Government of Maharashtra. For this purpose, a new public sector undertaking was established that is the CIDCO.
  Navi Mumbai is situated across two districts, Thane Part and Raigad.
context_section_description: The planning of Navi Mumbai began in 1971 and involved leading architects and urban planner like Charles Correa (Chief Architect), Shirish Patel, Pravina Mehta and R. K. Jha (Chief Planner), The City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) was established on 17 March 1971, under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 for this purpose. The area covered 150 kilometres (93 mi) of the total 720 kilometres (450 mi) of the Konkan coast. Privately owned land consisting of 86 villages covering 15,954 hectares (39,420 acres) within the present limits of Navi Mumbai and further villages measuring an additional 2,870 hectares (7,100 acres) were acquired by the government of Maharashtra. The major part of Navi Mumbai covers the southern part of Thane taluka (from Thane District) and part of Panvel and Uran taluka (from Raigad District).
  CIDCO carved out 19 small nodes with a view towards facilitating comprehensive development. These nodes were named Airoli, Ghansoli, Kopar Khairane, Juhu Nagar, Vashi, Turbhe, Sanpada, Juinagar, Nerul, Darave, Karave Nagar, CBD Belapur, Kharghar, Kamothe, New Panvel, Kalamboli, Ulwe, Dronagiri and Taloja.
  CIDCO planned and constructed all the railway stations, roads and public spaces in Navi Mumbai and developed nearby areas commercially.
  In 1973, the Vashi bridge was opened to the public for residents of Vashi, CBD Belapur and Nerul. The Sion-Panvel Highway was built to reduce the time taken to travel from Sion to Panvel. Initially, there was not much response to the new city. Major changes took place only after 1990, with the commissioning of a wholesale agricultural produce market at Turbhe and the construction of a commuter railway line from Mankhurd to Vashi in May 1992. These developments caused a sudden growth in economic activities and population in Navi Mumbai.
  The city was originally planned to create affordable housing for people who could not afford living in Mumbai. It was decided not to let any slum pockets pop up across the city. But it failed. as, according to the 2001 census, a fifth to a third of the population of municipalised Navi Mumbai lives in slums
   and gaothans (urban villages), with thousands of buildings violating planning norms.
  By the end of the 1990s, the planning authority of Navi Mumbai initiated private participation in the developmental activity of Navi Mumbai. A new railway link between Nerul and Uran was inaugurated on 11 November 2018. Southern Navi Mumbai is being developed rapidly with its class infrastructure and modern nodes of Kharghar, Kamothe, Panvel and Kalamboli. These nodes are experiencing major infrastructural developments due to their proximity to the proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport. Also, the latest development known as 'One Time Planning' with an estimated budget of ₹12,821 crores is underway to transform the municipalised Navi Mumbai on the lines of the Mega Cities of the world.
caption: Vashi, Navi Mumbai
exif: {"Image Make": "Apple", "Image Model": "iPhone 5s", "Image Orientation": "Rotated 90 CW", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "11.3.1", "Image DateTime": "2019:03:25 20:36:15", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered", "Image ExifOffset": "206", "GPS GPSLatitudeRef": "N", "GPS GPSLatitude": "[19, 4, 42/25]", "GPS GPSLongitudeRef": "E", "GPS GPSLongitude": "[72, 59, 3979/100]", "GPS GPSAltitudeRef": "0", "GPS GPSAltitude": "15617/2046", "GPS GPSTimeStamp": "[15, 6, 1407/100]", "GPS GPSSpeedRef": "K", "GPS GPSSpeed": "0", "GPS GPSImgDirectionRef": "M", "GPS GPSImgDirection": "12863/48", "GPS GPSDestBearingRef": "M", "GPS GPSDestBearing": "12863/48", "GPS GPSDate": "2019:03:25", "GPS Tag 0x001F": "5", "Image GPSInfo": "1648", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "2052", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "5991", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/17", "EXIF FNumber": "11/5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "2000", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2019:03:25 20:36:15", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2019:03:25 20:36:15", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "6897/1699", "EXIF ApertureValue": "7983/3509", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "-8978/2013", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Spot", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "83/20", "EXIF SubjectArea": "[1515, 1104, 610, 612]", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "957", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "957", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "3264", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2448", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "29", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[83/20, 83/20, 11/5, 11/5]", "EXIF LensMake": "Apple", "EXIF LensModel": "iPhone 5s back camera 4.15mm f/2.2"}