page_title: Kiram-Bates Treaty
section_title: Consequences of the treaty
hierarchical_section_title: Kiram-Bates Treaty / Consequences of the treaty
caption_attribution_description: English: President Taft and the Sultan of Sulu in Jolo, Sulu, March 27, 1901
context_page_description: The Kiram-Bates Treaty, also known as the Bates Treaty, was a treaty signed by the United States of America and the Sultanate of Sulu during the Philippine–American War. The treaty functioned to prevent the entry of the Sulu Sultanate into the Philippine-American War while the United States concentrated its forces in northern Luzon.
  Although it is referred to as a "treaty," it was titled an agreement, which was of lesser status under international practices as U.S. law did not require ratification of an "agreement" by the Senate.
context_section_description: The Bates Treaty did not last very long. After the United States had completed its goal of suppressing the resistance in northern Luzon, it unilaterally abrogated the Bates Treaty on March 2, 1904, claiming the Sultan had failed to quell Moro resistance and that the treaty was a hindrance to the effective colonial administration of the area. Payments to the Sultan and his datus were also stopped but were later restored by the US-Philippine Commission in November 1904.
  In reality, Bates never intended to ratify the treaty. As Bates would later confess, the agreement was merely a temporary expedient to buy time until the northern forces in Luzon were defeated.
caption: Sultan Jamalul Kiram II with William Howard Taft of the Philippine Commission in Jolo, Sulu (27 March 1901)
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