page_title: Resident (title)
section_title: Pseudo-colonial residents
hierarchical_section_title: Resident (title) / Pseudo-colonial residents
caption_attribution_description: English: Henri Ponsot, French resident general in Morocco (1933-1936), surrounded by Moroccan tribal and other leaders. During the French protectorate which ended in 1956, the resident general, rather than the near-powerless sultan, was the effective ruler of the country. Contemporary postcard.
context_page_description: A resident, or in full resident minister, is a government official required to take up permanent residence in another country. A representative of his government, he officially has diplomatic functions which are often seen as a form of indirect rule.
  A resident usually heads an administrative area called a residency.
context_section_description: Some official representatives of European colonial powers, while in theory diplomats, in practice exercised a degree of indirect rule. Some such residents were former military officers, rather than career diplomats, who resided in smaller self-governing protectorates and tributary states and acted as political advisors to the rulers. A trusted resident could even become the de facto prime minister to a native ruler. In other respects they acted as an ambassador of their own government, but at a lower level, since even large and rich native states were usually seen as inferior to Western nations. Instead of being a representative to a single ruler, a resident could be posted to more than one native state, or to a grouping of states which the European power decided for its convenience. This could create an artificial geographical unit, as in Residency X in some parts of the British Indian Empire.
  Similar positions could carry alternative titles, such as political agent and resident commissioner.
  In some cases, the intertwining of the European power with the traditional native establishment went so far that members of the native princely houses became residents, either in other states or even within their own state, provided that they were unlikely ever to succeed as ruler of the state.
  A resident's real role varied enormously, depending upon the underlying relationship between the two parties and even upon the personalities of the Resident and the ruler(s). Some residents were little more than observers and diplomats, others were seen as the "face of the oppressor" and were treated with hostility, while some won enough trust from the ruler that they were able to exercise great influence. In French protectorates, such as those of Morocco and Tunisia, the resident or resident general was the effective ruler of the territory.
  In 1887, when both Boers and gold prospectors of all nationalities were overrunning his country, the Swazi paramount chief Umbandine asked for a British resident, seeing this as a desirable and effective form of protection. His request was refused.
caption: The Resident General of Morocco in the 1930s.
exif: {"Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)"}