page_title: List of wars involving Estonia
section_title: The Middle Ages
hierarchical_section_title: List of wars involving Estonia / The Middle Ages
caption_attribution_description: Русский: мозаичное панно «Ледовое побоище», выполненное по эскизу художника А. К. Быстрова. А.К.Быстров. Ледовое побоище. Мозаика на станции метро «Площадь Александра Невского» в Ленинграде. 1985
context_page_description: Below is a list of military conflicts in which Estonians participated on a larger scale or took place on Estonian territory. Items in bold are the wars most often considered to be major conflicts by Estonian historians and the general public.
context_section_description: Estonia remained one of the last corners of medieval Europe to be Christianized. In 1193 Pope Celestine III called for a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe. The Northern Crusades from Northern Germany established the stronghold of Riga. With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Letts, the crusaders initiated raids into part of what is present-day Estonia in 1206.
  1206–1268, Northern Crusades (1147–13th century/16th century):
  1206–1261, the Livonian Crusade (1198–1290):
  1206, 1st Danish attempt to conquer Saaremaa Island;
  1208–1227, Livonian Brothers of the Sword and allied Conquest of Estonia;
  1210–1224, Estonian counter campaigns against the Livonian Brothers of the Sword;
  1217–1223, occasional Estonian-allied Pskov's and Novgorod's battles against the crusaders;
  1219–1224, Danish Conquest of Northern Estonia;
  1220, Battle of Lihula, against Sweden;
  1222, 2nd Danish attempt to conquer Saaremaa Island;
  1225–1238, a conflict between Denmark and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, later the Livonian Order;
  1236–1261, Saaremaa Rebellions:
  1236–1241, 1st Rebellion of Saaremaa;
  ca. 1241–ca. 1255, a possible rebellion on Saaremaa;
  1260–1261, 2nd Rebellion of Saaremaa;
  1217–1268, crusader and allied Estonian conflicts with Pskov and Novgorod:
  1217, Livonian Brothers of the Sword and allied raid around Pskov and Novgorod;
  1233, Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquest of Izborsk and Pskov;
  1233, Principality of Pskov and allied reconquest of Izborsk and Pskov from the Livonian Brothers of the Sword;
  1234, Pskov and Novgorod invasion of the Bishopric of Dorpat;
  1240–1242, Livonian campaign against Rus';
  1253, Livonian Order raid of Pskov;
  1253, Pskov, Novgorod and Karelian raid of Northeastern Estonia;
  1254, Novgorod and Karelian raid to Northeastern Estonia;
  1254, Bishopric of Riga's and Danish raid to Votia and Karelia;
  1255, Novgorod raid to Northeastern Estonia;
  1256, united crusader, Danish, Swedish and Finnish failed attempt to conquer Ingria from Novgorod;
  1262, Novgorod raid of Tartu (Dorpat);
  1262, Novgorod's and Polotsk's raid of Tartu (Dorpat);
  1267, Novgorod raid of Rakvere (Wesenberg);
  1268, Novgorod raid of Northern Estonia and Battle of Rakvere, against the Livonian Order;
  1263–1329, a series of Lithuanian raids against the crusaders in the Estonian part of Medieval Livonia:
  1263, Lithuanian raid of Old-Pärnu;
  1270, Lithuanian raid to Saaremaa and the Battle of Karuse, against the crusader states;
  1298, Lithuanian raid to Southern Estonia;
  1322, Lithuanian raid of the Bishopric of Dorpat;
  1323, Lithuanian raid of Northern Estonia;
  1329, Lithuanian raid to Southern Estonia
  1233–1557, a series of civil wars on the Estonian part of Medieval Livonia, between different crusader states:
  1233, Livonian Order's reconquest of Tallinn (Reval) from papal legate Balduin de Alna;
  1238, Livonian Order's and Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek's conquest of Koluvere Castle from the de Lode family;
  1297–1330, war between the Livonian Order and the alliance of the Archbishopric of Riga and the town of Riga;
  1298, a border war between the Livonian Order and the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek;
  1374–1397, Incorporation Strife, between the Bishopric of Dorpat and the Livonian Order;
  1396, Bishop Damerow's Conflict, between the Livonian Order and the Bishopric of Dorpat;
  1423–1468, Ösel-Wiek Strifes, within the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek;
  1479, Stodewescher Feud, between the Livonian Order and the Archbishopric of Riga;
  1481–1491, war between the Livonian Order and the alliance of the Archbishopric of Riga and the town of Riga
  1532–1536, Ösel-Wiek Feud, within the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek;
  1556–1557, Coadjutor Feud, between the Livonian Order and the alliance of the Archbishopric of Riga;
  1269–1343, post-crusade period conflicts between the crusader and Russian states:
  1269, Livonian Order's raid of Izborsk and Pskov;
  1294, Livonian Order's failed attempt to conquer Votia;
  1294, Novgorod raid of Narva;
  1299, Livonian Order's raid of Pskov;
  1307, Livonian Order's raid of Pskov;
  1323, Livonian Order's raid of Pskov;
  1341–1343, war between 
caption: Battle of the Ice in 1242
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