page_title: Candidate of Sciences
hierarchical_section_title: Candidate of Sciences
caption_attribution_description: English: Cover of a Soviet Candidate of Sciences diploma. Русский: Обложка диплома кандидата наук (советского образца). Français&#160;: Pochette du diplôme de candidat des sciences.
context_page_description: Kandidat nauk is the first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in some former Soviet countries. It is formally classified as UNESCO ISCED level 8, "doctoral or equivalent", and is thus officially translated into English and other languages as Doctor of Philosophy and recognised as such.
  As in Germany, former Soviet countries have an additional doctoral degree, Doktor nauk, which by official agreement is equivalent to habilitation and typically requires 10 years of original research after Kandidat nauk is attained.
context_section_description: Kandidat nauk (Russian: Кандидат наук, literally "Candidate of Sciences") is the first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in some former Soviet countries. It is formally classified as UNESCO ISCED level 8, "doctoral or equivalent", and is thus officially translated into English and other languages as Doctor of Philosophy (i.e. PhD) and recognised as such.
  As in Germany, former Soviet countries have an additional doctoral degree, Doktor nauk (Russian: Доктор наук, literally "Doctor of Sciences"), which by official agreement is equivalent to habilitation and typically requires 10 years of original research after Kandidat nauk is attained.
caption: Cover of a Soviet Candidate of Sciences diploma
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