page_title: Nymphenburg Palace Park
section_title: The ha-has
hierarchical_section_title: Nymphenburg Palace Park / The staging of the landscape / The ha-has
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Abgesenkte Gartenmauer (Durchblick) des Nymphenburger Parks in München
context_page_description: The Nymphenburg Palace Park ranks among the finest and most important examples of garden design in Germany. In combination with the palace buildings, the Grand circle entrance structures and the expansive park landscape form the ensemble of the Nymphenburg Summer Residence of Bavarian dukes and kings, located in the modern Munich Neuhausen-Nymphenburg borough. The site is a Listed Monument, a Protected Landscape and to a great extent a Natura2000 area.
  The exquisite composition of formal garden elements and English-style country park is considered a masterpiece of garden design and the spacious complex of palace and park has always been a popular attraction for local residents and tourists alike. To the east the park adjoins the palace buildings and the Grand circle. To the south and west the park is largely enclosed by the original Garden wall and borders the Botanical Garden to the north and beyond Menzinger Straße the park peripherie partly merges with the Kapuzinerhölzl forest.
  The designs of the original Baroque gardens had largely been modeled on the French gardens at Vaux-le-Vicomte and Versailles.
context_section_description: The peculiar term ha-ha, also a-ha, used for a lowered wall or for a ditch that replaces a section of a garden wall relates to the visitor's surprise expression: "a-ha" when they discover the visual trick to expand the garden. The term ha-ha was introduced to gardening in the early 18th century and its construction method was described by Antoine-Joseph Dézallier d’Argenville.
  Inside the Nymphenburg Park are four ha-has, three large and a smaller one, as three are in the southern part of the park. They extend the visibility through the meadow valleys to the surrounding area. All ha-has were created in the course of the transformation into a landscape park by Sckell. The southern panorama vista ends in the Pasinger Ha-Ha, that dates from 1807. The Löwental (Lion Valley) leads to the Löwental Ha-Ha and the Wiesental towards Laim and the Laimer Ha-Ha, both date from 1810. The Menzinger Ha-Ha ends the Northern panorama vista in the northern part of the park. Originally, distant vistas were possible up to Blutenburg Castle, to Pipping and the Alps. Today, these visual axes are partially obstructed.
caption: Ha-ha in the south-west
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