page_title: Elrey Borge Jeppesen
section_title: Biography
hierarchical_section_title: Elrey Borge Jeppesen / Biography
caption_attribution_description: English: Childhood photo of Elrey, from memorial
context_page_description: Elrey Borge Jeppesen was an American aviation pioneer noted for his contributions in the field of air navigation. He developed manuals and charts that allowed pilots to fly much more safely. In 1934, he founded the Jeppesen company, now a subsidiary of Boeing.
context_section_description: Jeppesen was born on January 28, 1907, in Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States. His parents were immigrants from Denmark. His father, Jens Hans Jeppesen, was an architect and builder trained in Denmark. Elrey grew up on a farm that his father had cleared and homesteaded in Odell, Oregon, before moving to Portland.
  As a child, Jeppesen would spend hours watching eagles fly and flying became his obsession. In 1921, 14-year-old Jeppesen got his first taste of flying when a barnstormer took him up in a Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" for a ten-minute flight for US$4 (equivalent to $57 in 2019).
  In 1925, at the age of 18, he joined Tex Rankin's Flying Circus "as a ticket taker, a prop turner, a wing walker and an aerial acrobat". He soloed after two hours and 15 minutes of flying lessons and purchased his own Jenny for $500, using money borrowed from customers on his newspaper route. For two years beginning in 1928, he worked for Fairchild Aerial Surveys, flying photographers to map Mexico in a De Haviland DH-4. That same year, the United States government issued its first pilot's licenses; Jeppesen had Oregon's 27th license. His pilot license number was 7034 and was signed in ink by Orville Wright. His Mexican pilot license is 34.
  In 1930, Jeppesen joined Boeing Air Transport as an airmail pilot. According to one source, on May 15, 1930, he was the pilot of the flight carrying the first stewardess, Ellen Church. Heinrich Kubis had been the first male flight attendant in 1912.
  While airway beacons assisted aerial navigation on specific routes, most pilots at that time depended on dead reckoning, generally using automobile road maps (such as those from oil companies or commercial mapmakers), railroad tracks and landmarks to find their way. Jeppesen purchased a ten-cent notebook and started writing down detailed notes about his routes. He even climbed hills to determine their height and collected telephone numbers of farmers willing to provide weather reports. Word got around about his "Little Black Book", and soon he was giving copies to his fellow pilots.
  Jeppesen was the first to design enroute procedures, let down procedures, approach procedures, and the all-important, missed approach procedure. If the weather was bad and the visibility went to zero, the pilot could fly the missed approach procedure and survive. The Jeppesen Airway Manual had a missed approach procedure for that airport so the pilot knew what heading to turn to and miss the mountains and how high to climb. Today, all airlines use the Jeppesen Airway Manual for navigation.
  In 1934, as demand picked up, Jeppesen founded Jeppesen & Co. in the basement of his Salt Lake City home to sell his information for US$10 (equivalent to $191 in 2019) a copy.
  On September 24, 1936, Jeppesen married his flight attendant, Nadine Liscomb. She helped him run his company.
  On June 10, 1941, Jeppesen was involved in an accident at Denver Municipal Airport. While landing in a rainstorm, the United DC-3 aircraft overran the landing area, traveling through the airport boundary lights and into a 3-foot (1-metre) ditch where the right landing gear failed. Neither the crew nor any of the 15 passengers were injured, but the aircraft itself sustained major damage.
  In the 1940s, with the onset of World War II, the United States Army and Navy kept Jeppesen busy as he supplied them with his charts. Jeppesen retired from United Airlines (into which Boeing Air Transport had merged) in 1954.
  In 1961, Jeppesen sold his company, staying on as chairman.
  On November 26, 1996, Jeppesen died at the age of 89.
caption: Jeppesen (age 13 or less) as a youth (no later than 1920).
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