page_title: 3D projection
section_title: Axonometric projection
hierarchical_section_title: 3D projection / Parallel projection / Orthographic projection / Axonometric projection
caption_attribution_description: Axonometric projections
context_page_description: A 3D projection, is a design technique used to display a three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional surface. These projections rely on visual perspective and aspect analysis to project a complex object for viewing capability on a simpler plane.
  3D projections use the primary qualities of an object's basic shape to create a map of points, that are then connected to one another to create a visual element. The result is a graphic that contains conceptual properties to interpret that the figure or image is not actually flat, but rather, is a solid object being viewed on a 2D display.
  3D objects are largely displayed on two-dimensional mediums. As such, graphical projections are a commonly used design element; notably, in engineering drawing, drafting, and computer graphics. Projections can be calculated through employment of mathematical analysis and formulae, or by using various geometric and optical techniques.
context_section_description: Within orthographic projection there is an ancillary category known as orthographic pictorial or axonometric projection. Axonometric projections show an image of an object as viewed from a skew direction in order to reveal all three directions (axes) of space in one picture. Axonometric instrument drawings are often used to approximate graphical perspective projections, but there is attendant distortion in the approximation. Because pictorial projections innately contain this distortion, in instrument drawings of pictorials great liberties may then be taken for economy of effort and best effect.
  Axonometric projection is further subdivided into three categories: isometric projection, dimetric projection, and trimetric projection, depending on the exact angle at which the view deviates from the orthogonal. A typical characteristic of orthographic pictorials is that one axis of space is usually displayed as vertical.
  Axonometric projections are also sometimes known as auxiliary views, as opposed to the primary views of multiview projections.
caption: The three axonometric views
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