page_title: Haplogroup D-M174
section_title: Origins
hierarchical_section_title: Haplogroup D-M174 / Origins
caption_attribution_description: English: Migration map of Haplogroup D (Y-DNA)
context_page_description: Haplogroup D1 or D-M174 is a subclade of Haplogroup D-CTS3946. This haplogroup is found primarily in East Asia and the Andaman Islands, though it is also found regularly with low frequency in Central Asia and Southeast Asia.
context_section_description: Haplogroup D-M174 is believed to have originated in Asia some 60,000 years before present, It has been suggested by Shi et al. (2008) to have a Southeast Asian (rather than North or Central Asian) origin due to its rarity in North and Central Asia. While haplogroup D-M174 along with haplogroup E contains the distinctive YAP polymorphism (which indicates their common ancestry), no haplogroup D-M174 chromosomes have been found anywhere outside of Asia.
  Several studies (Hammer et al. 2006, Shinoda 2008, Matsumoto 2009, Cabrera et al. 2018) suggest that the paternal haplogroup D-M174 originated somewhere in Central Asia. According to Hammer et al., haplogroup D-M174 originated between Tibet and the Altai mountains. He suggests that there were multiple waves into Eastern Eurasia.
  A 2017 study by Mondal et al. finds that the Riang people (a Tibeto-Burmese population) and Andamanese have their nearest related lineages in East Asia. The Jarawa and Onge shared this D1a3 lineages with each other within the last ~7000 years, but had diverged from the Japanese D1a2 lineage ~53000 years ago". They further suggest that: ”This strongly suggests that haplogroup D does not indicate a separate ancestry for Andamanese populations. Rather, haplogroup D was part of the standing variation carried by the OOA expansion, and later lost from most of the populations except in Andaman and partially in Japan and Tibet”.
  A study (Haber et al. 2019) found a proposed haplogroup named "D0" in three Nigerian samples. In part because of the likely deep-rooting of haplogroup "D0", as well as recently calculated early divergence times for it and its parent haplogroup, the authors suggest an African origin for D0 and its parent haplogroup DE. The "D0" haplogroup is outside M174, but shares 7 SNPs with it that E lacks.  "D0" has also been named "D2", and former D (D-M174) has now also been termed "D1" due to this discovery.
  Three other samples of D2 were also found in West Asia (also in 2019): two in Saudi Arabia and another one in Syria. The sample found in the Syrian is to date the most basal sample of D2. The recent evidence (as also proposed by Haber et al.) suggests that D2 is a highly divergent haplogroup close to the DE split but on the D branch and lacking the M174 mutation possessed by other D lineages.
caption: Likely migration route of haplogroup D according to Haber et al. 2019
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