page_title: Masimo
section_title: Signal Extraction Technology (SET) pulse oximetry
hierarchical_section_title: Masimo / Technology / Signal Extraction Technology (SET) pulse oximetry
caption_attribution_description: English: Masimo Radical-7
context_page_description: Masimo is an American manufacturer of noninvasive patient monitoring technologies based in Irvine, California. The company sells pulse oximetry to hospitals. Masimo was founded in 1989 by electrical engineer Joe Kiani, who was later joined by fellow engineer Mohamed Diab.
  In March 2020, to support efforts to combat COVID-19, Masimo announced a number of noninvasive monitoring and single-patient-use solutions to help care teams manage the surge in patients, including Masimo SafetyNet.
  Masimo has been recognized as one of the most innovative companies in the medical device industry. In 2000, the Society for Critical Care Medicine awarded Masimo the Technology Excellence Award. Masimo went public in 2007 and is currently traded on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol MASI.
  In 2011, Forbes named Masimo to its list of top 20 public companies under a billion dollars in revenue. In 2012, Joe Kiani, founder, CEO and Chairman of the Board was named the Ernst & Young National Entrepreneur of the Year - 2012 Life Sciences Award Winner.
context_section_description: Pulse oximetry uses two light emitting diodes (LEDs), one red and one infrared, to measure the absorption of light and translates that into the percentage of hemoglobin molecules that are bound with oxygen, which is called arterial oxygen saturation (SpO₂). Conventional pulse oximetry assumes that arterial blood is the only blood moving (pulsating) in the measurement site. However, during patient motion, the venous blood also moves, which can cause conventional pulse oximetry to under-read SpO₂ levels because it cannot distinguish between the arterial and venous blood.
  SET identifies the venous blood signal (which has a lower oxygen saturation level than arterial blood), isolates it, and uses adaptive filters to cancel the noise and extract the arterial signal in order to report accurate SpO₂ and pulse rate.  In addition, SET pulse oximetry provides perfusion index (PI) and pleth variability index (PVI). Multiple studies have shown that compared to non-SET pulse oximeters, SET increases the ability to detect life-threatening events and reduces false alarms during challenging conditions. Additional studies have also shown the impact of SET on patient outcomes, such as helping clinicians:
  Decrease retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in neonates
  Increase detection of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in newborns
  Reduce ventilator weaning time by titrating FiO₂ faster and reduce arterial blood gas measurements in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
  Decrease rapid response activations and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) transfers to save lives and costs in post-surgical patients on the medical-surgical floors through earlier identification of patients in distress through low SpO₂ and abnormal pulse rate measurements
  Decrease fluid administered during surgery and reduce patient risk
  In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommended mandatory screening for all newborns, using "motion-tolerant pulse oximeters that report functional oxygen saturation have been validated in low perfusion conditions". To make this recommendation, the CCHD workgroup relied on two independent studies that exclusively used SET pulse oximetry to assess newborns.  In 2012, Masimo received FDA 510(k) clearance for devices and sensors with labeling for screening newborns for CCHD. It marked the first time the FDA cleared specific labeling indicating the use of pulse oximeters, in conjunction with a physical examination, to screen newborns for CCHD.
  In 2012, the National Health Service (NHS) Technology Adoption Centre in the United Kingdom advised hospitals to use Intraoperative Fluid Management, and included Masimo's PVI among technologies available for helping clinicians manage fluid during surgeries. In 2013, the French Society for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (SFAR) added PVI to its guidelines for optimal hemodynamic management of surgical patients.
caption: The Masimo Radical-7 is a pulse oximeter that can also noninvasively measure a patient's hemoglobin and respiration rate.
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