page_title: Safety of journalists
hierarchical_section_title: Safety of journalists
caption_attribution_description: English: A photojournalist in a gas mask on Mansour Street during protests near the Ministry of Interior in central Cairo in February 2012. Later, in 2014, a reporter commented that a gas mask was the only free piece of safety equipment provided to him by his newspaper ( www.thecairopost.com/news/106461/inside_egypt/reporter-li... ) but in 2012 I think even these were still mostly bought by journalists themselves. I purchased a cheap mask ( about three Egyptian pounds ) from a street trader who was selling dozens to protesters but it was not even suitable for domestic DIY let alone CS gas so I crammed it in my pocket together with a useless pair of plastic swimming googles that kept slipping from my face. From the start of the uprisings in January 2011 until today journalists have remained prime targets of security forces and other pro government militia. As soon as they reveal a camera it is as if they instantly mark themselves as a "bulls eye" for police snipers and also to any roof top militia who may be throwing rocks or stones. In December 2011 pro government militia on the rooftop of the Egyptian Institute near Tahrir Sqaure deliberately aimed stones at myself even though I only carried a pocket panasonic LX5 and especially at those photojournalists carrying large telephoto cameras. I have one photo on file of one of these men deliberately throwing a rock at me. On 26 January 2014, an article in El-Wady News noted that 19 reporters and photojournalists had been detained on a single day, the third anniversary of the 2011 uprising, with their cameras seized while two others had been injured by live fire and others assaulted. ( source Cairopost.com 15.04.14 ). As of September 2015 the Committee to Protect Journalists noted that "at least 18 journalists are currently behind bars in Egypt in relation to their work...", several of whom had reported "mistreatment, abuse, and horrible conditions in prison, according to their letters and their families." ( cpj.org/2015/09/cpj-urges-sisi-to-release-all-journalists... ) Another 12 journalists had been convicted in Egyptian courts in absentia - meaning in most cases that the journalists had been able to leave the country but can not now return without the risk of being arrested and imprisoned. ( cpj.org/blog/2015/09/beyond-the-pardons-press-freedom-sti... ). It also noted that "at least 10 journalists have been killed in relation to their work in Egypt since the beginning of the uprising in early 2011" and that "no one has been held responsible in any of the cases." ( cpj.org/2015/09/cpj-urges-sisi-to-release-all-journalists... )
context_page_description: Safety of journalists is the ability for journalists and media professionals to receive, produce and share information without facing physical or moral threats.
  Journalists can face violence and intimidation for exercising their fundamental right to freedom of expression. The range of threats they are confronted to include murder, kidnapping, hostage-taking, offline and online harassment, intimidation, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention and torture. Women journalists also face specific dangers and are especially vulnerable to sexual assault, "whether in the form of a targeted sexual violation, often in reprisal for their work; mob-related sexual violence aimed against journalists covering public events; or the sexual abuse of journalists in detention or captivity. Many of these crimes are not reported as a result of powerful cultural and professional stigmas."
  Increasingly, journalists, and particularly women journalists, are facing abuse and harassment online, such as hate speech, cyber-bullying, cyber-stalking, docking, trolling, public shaming and intimidation and threats.
context_section_description: Safety of journalists is the ability for journalists and media professionals to receive, produce and share information without facing physical or moral threats.
  Journalists can face violence and intimidation for exercising their fundamental right to freedom of expression. The range of threats they are confronted to include murder, kidnapping, hostage-taking, offline and online harassment, intimidation, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention and torture. Women journalists also face specific dangers and are especially vulnerable to sexual assault, "whether in the form of a targeted sexual violation, often in reprisal for their work; mob-related sexual violence aimed against journalists covering public events; or the sexual abuse of journalists in detention or captivity. Many of these crimes are not reported as a result of powerful cultural and professional stigmas."
  Increasingly, journalists, and particularly women journalists, are facing abuse and harassment online, such as hate speech, cyber-bullying, cyber-stalking, docking, trolling, public shaming and intimidation and threats.
caption: Journalist wearing a gas mask
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