page_title: Goat
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Goat / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Atlit Yam is an ancient submerged Neolithic village off the coast of Atlit, Israel. The site is dated to the final Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of Atlit Yam dates between 6900 and 6300 BC. Moshe Stekelis Museum of Prehistory exhibition in Haifa Israel The exhibition is based on the excavations and researches of the Haifa University and Antiquities Authority. Photography by Yosef Galili, Ehud Galili, Itamar Greenberg עברית: הכפר הניאוליתי בעתלית-ים שוכן בתוך הים במרחק 400 מטר מקו החוף, מערבית לשפך נחל אורן בעורפו של רכס כורכר טבוע שבהמשכו דרומה נמצא מבצר עתלית הצלבני. האתר נמצא בעומק של 12-8 מטר מתחת לפני הים. האתר מתוארך לסוף התקופה הנאוליתית קדם קרמית ב סוף האלף ה-6 לפנה"ס ממצאים מהאתר מוצגים במוזיאון לפרהיסטוריה ע"ש משה שטקליס בחיפה הנמצא בתוך גן החיות במרכז הכרמל התערוכה מבוססת על חפירות ומחקרים שהתבצעו על ידי אוניברסיטת חיפה ורשות העתיקות הצילומים מהחפירות המוצגים בתערוכה צולמו על ידי יוסקה גלילי, אהוד גלילי ואיתמר גרינברג קרניים של עז
context_page_description: The domestic goat or simply goat is a subspecies of C. aegagrus domesticated from the wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the animal family Bovidae and the subfamily Caprinae, meaning it is closely related to the sheep. There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat. Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species of animal, and have been used for milk, meat, fur and skins across much of the world. Milk from goats is often turned into goat cheese.
  Female goats are referred to as does or nannies, intact males are called bucks or billies and juvenile goats of both sexes are called kids. Castrated males are called wethers. While the words hircine and caprine both refer to anything having a goat-like quality, hircine is used most often to emphasize the distinct smell of domestic goats.
  In 2011, there were more than 924 million goats living in the world, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
context_section_description: Goats are among the earliest animals domesticated by humans.  The most recent genetic analysis confirms the archaeological evidence that the wild bezoar ibex of the Zagros Mountains is the likely original ancestor of probably all domestic goats today.
  Neolithic farmers began to herd wild goats primarily for easy access to milk and meat, as well as to their dung, which was used as fuel, and their bones, hair and sinew for clothing, building and tools. The earliest remnants of domesticated goats dating 10,000 years before present are found in Ganj Dareh in Iran. Goat remains have been found at archaeological sites in Jericho, Choga Mami, Djeitun, and Çayönü, dating the domestication of goats in Western Asia at between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago.
  Studies of DNA evidence suggests 10,000 years BP as the domestication date.
  Historically, goat hide has been used for water and wine bottles in both traveling and transporting wine for sale. It has also been used to produce parchment.
caption: Horn cores from the Neolithic village of Atlit Yam
exif: {"Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "Canon PowerShot S2 IS", "Image DateTime": "2011:04:24 10:57:28", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered", "Image Tag 0x1001": "2592", "Image Tag 0x1002": "1944", "Image ExifOffset": "146", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/8", "EXIF FNumber": "27/10", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0220", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2011:04:24 10:57:28", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2011:04:24 10:57:28", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF CompressedBitsPerPixel": "5", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "3", "EXIF ApertureValue": "23/8", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "23/8", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "6", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "2592", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "1944", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "11520", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "81000/7", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "2", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF DigitalZoomRatio": "1", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard"}