page_title: Kingdom of Northumbria
section_title: Culture
hierarchical_section_title: Kingdom of Northumbria / Culture
caption_attribution_description: English: Book of Kells, Folio 292r, Incipit to John. In principio erat verbum. العربية: كتاب كيلز هو مخطوطة مذهبة من الإنجيل مكتوبة باللغة اللاتينية، وتجمع نسخ الأناجيل الأربعة من العهد الجديد جنباً إلى جنب مع مختلف النصوص التمهيدية والجداول. كتب هذا الكتاب في دير كولومبا في أيرلندا أو ربما كان عبارة عن مساهمات جمعت من مختلف أديرة كولومبا من كل من بريطانيا وأيرلندا. ويعتقد أنه كتب في عام 800 للميلاد.
context_page_description: The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and south-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", which reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the Humber Estuary. Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century, when the two earlier core territories of Deira and Bernicia entered into a dynastic union. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber, Peak District and the River Mersey on the south to the Firth of Forth on the north. Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century, though a rump Earldom of Bamburgh survived around Bernicia in the north, later to be absorbed into the medieval kingdoms of Scotland and England.
  Northumbria is still used as a geographic and cultural designation, and the name is used by a wide range of organisations, particularly in North East England.
caption: The Book of Kells, (folio 292r), c. 800, showing the lavishly decorated text that opens the Gospel of John
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