page_title: Inosinic acid
section_title: Adenylate (AMP) and guanylate (GMP) come from inosinate
hierarchical_section_title: Inosinic acid / Adenylate (AMP) and guanylate (GMP) come from inosinate
caption_attribution_description: English: Cartoon representation of the molecular structure of protein registered with 1ecb code. Deutsch: Grafik des Molekularstruktur von jenem Protein, das mit 1ecb code registriert ist. Plattdüütsch: Grafik, de de Molekularstruktur von dat Protein wiest, dat mit’n Kood 1ecb registreert is.
context_page_description: Inosinic acid or inosine monophosphate is a nucleotide. Widely used as a flavor enhancer, it is typically obtained from chicken byproducts or other meat industry waste. Inosinic acid is important in metabolism. It is the ribonucleotide of hypoxanthine and the first nucleotide formed during the synthesis of purine nucleotides. It can also be formed by the deamination of adenosine monophosphate by AMP deaminase. It can be hydrolysed to inosine.
  The enzyme deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, encoded by YJR069C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and containing ITPase and XTPase activities, hydrolyzes inosine triphosphate releasing pyrophosphate and IMP.
  Important derivatives of inosinic acid include the purine nucleotides found in nucleic acids and adenosine triphosphate, which is used to store chemical energy in muscle and other tissues.
  In the food industry, inosinic acid and its salts such as disodium inosinate are used as flavor enhancers. It is known as E number reference E630.
context_section_description: Within a few steps inosinate becomes AMP or GMP. Both compounds are RNA nucleotides. AMP differs from inosinate by the replacement of IMP's carbon-6 carbonyl with an amino group. The interconversion of AMP and IMP occurs as part of the purine nucleotide cycle. GMP is formed by the inosinate oxidation to xanthylate (XMP), and afterwards adds an amino group on carbon 2. Hydrogen acceptor on inosinate oxidation is NAD+. Finally, carbon 2 gains the amino group by spending an ATP molecule (which becomes AMP+2Pi). While AMP synthesis requires GTP, GMP synthesis uses ATP. That difference offers an important regulation possibility.
caption: Glutamine-PRPP-amidotransferase
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