page_title: Cystoscopy
section_title: Medical uses
hierarchical_section_title: Cystoscopy / Medical uses
caption_attribution_description: English: A cystoscope in an operating theatre, prior to a cystoscopy, in the North London Nuffield Hospital.
context_page_description: Cystoscopy is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. It is carried out with a cystoscope.
  The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
  The cystoscope has lenses like a telescope or microscope. These lenses let the physician focus on the inner surfaces of the urinary tract. Some cystoscopes use optical fibres that carry an image from the tip of the instrument to a viewing piece at the other end. Cystoscopes range from pediatric to adult and from the thickness of a pencil up to approximately 9 mm and have a light at the tip. Many cystoscopes have extra tubes to guide other instruments for surgical procedures to treat urinary problems.
  There are two main types of cystoscopy—flexible and rigid—differing in the flexibility of the cystoscope. Flexible cystoscopy is carried out with local anaesthesia on both sexes. Typically, a topical anesthetic, most often xylocaine gel is employed. The medication is instilled into the urethra via the urinary meatus five to ten minutes prior to the beginning of the procedure.
context_section_description: Cystoscopy may be recommended for any of the following conditions:
  urinary tract infections;
  blood in the urine (hematuria);
  loss of bladder control (incontinence) or overactive bladder; (Although, the American Urogynecologic Society does not recommend that cystoscopy, urodynamics, or diagnostic renal and bladder ultrasound are part of initial diagnosis for uncomplicated overactive bladder.)
  unusual cells found in urine sample;
  need for a bladder catheter;
  painful urination, chronic pelvic pain, or interstitial cystitis;
  urinary blockage such as from prostate enlargement, stricture, or narrowing of the urinary tract;
  stone in the urinary tract; and
  unusual growth, polyp, tumor, or cancer.
caption: A sterile flexible cystoscope in an operating theatre
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