page_title: John Horrocks (politician)
section_title: Career
hierarchical_section_title: John Horrocks (politician) / Career
caption_attribution_description: English: Penwortham Hall 2
context_page_description: John Horrocks was a British cotton manufacturer and Member of Parliament for Preston.
context_section_description: David Hunt in his 1992 History of Preston reports that many details of his early life are confused. The Lancashire cotton industry was then in its infancy, but Horrocks was greatly impressed with its future possibilities, and he managed to obtain a few spinning-frames which he erected in a corner of his father's offices. For a time he combined cotton-spinning on a very small scale with stone-working, but finally devoted himself entirely to cotton-spinning, working the frames with his own hands, and travelling through the Lancashire manufacturing districts to sell the yarn.
  His goods obtained a reputation for quality, and his customers increased so rapidly that about 1791 he moved to Preston, where he began to manufacture cotton shirtings and long-cloths in addition to spinning the cotton yarn. He took full advantage of the machinery invented for manufacturing textiles. By rigidly maintaining the quality of his goods and rapidly developed his business. He was aided by a local banker, who became a partner. Within a year of his arrival in Preston he built his first large mill. Shortly after he obtained a monopoly of the manufacture of cottons and muslins for the Indian market from the British East India Company. Demand for Horrocks's goods continued to increase, and to cope with the additional work he took first an elder brother and in 1801 a Mr Whitehead and a Mr Miller into partnership, the title of the firm being altered to Horrockses, Miller, & Co.
  In 1794, Horrocks was chosen as a burgess and served as Town Bailiff in 1794–5. He was elected as a council member in 1796 and became an Alderman in 1799. In 1802, he entered parliament as Tory member for Preston, having stood unsuccessfully in 1796. He died of brain fever reportedly resulting from over-work. During his 13 years in Preston he amassed a personal fortune of at least £150,000, and set the foundations for the Horrocks/Miller mill owning dynasty that dominated Preston into the mid nineteenth century.
  In 1801 Horrocks built "The Lodge" (later called Penwortham Hall) in Penwortham as a residence for himself. The property, which is a Grade II listed building, is today used as a series of private dwellings. He died in 1804 and was buried at St Mary's Church, Penwortham.
caption: Penwortham Hall, Penwortham built by John Horrocks in 1801
exif: {"Image Make": "FUJIFILM", "Image Model": "FinePix J12", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image Software": "Digital Camera FinePix J12 Ver1.00", "Image DateTime": "2012:07:20 00:16:24", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image Copyright": "", "Image ExifOffset": "2278", "Image PrintIM": "[80, 114, 105, 110, 116, 73, 77, 0, 48, 50, 53, 48, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]", "Image Padding": "[]", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/150", "EXIF FNumber": "28/5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "64", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0220", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2012:07:20 00:16:24", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2012:07:20 00:16:24", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF CompressedBitsPerPixel": "4", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "359/50", "EXIF ApertureValue": "4971/1000", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "64/25", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "297/100", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF LightSource": "Unknown", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "31/5", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "3264", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2448", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "5712", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "5712", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "3", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF SubjectDistanceRange": "0", "EXIF Padding": "[]", "EXIF OffsetSchema": "4140"}