page_title: Soyuz TM-20
hierarchical_section_title: Soyuz TM-20
caption_attribution_description: English: The Russian space station Mir as seen from the Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-63 in February 1995.
context_page_description: The Soyuz-TM crew transports were fourth generation Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.
  Soyuz TM-20 was the twentieth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.
context_section_description: The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T – транспортный – Transportnyi – meaning transport, M – модифицированный – Modifitsirovannyi – meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.
  Soyuz TM-20 was the twentieth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.
caption: Mir as seen from Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-63, with Soyuz TM-20 seen at the top
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