page_title: Saddle (landform)
section_title: Topography
hierarchical_section_title: Saddle (landform) / Topography
caption_attribution_description: English: 1890s' series USGS cropped and processed topographical map selected to demonstrate landform definitions in an actual terrain setting. Several types of curves have been added to aid educational understanding. This map is a rotated extract of This map used to delineate and illustrate the region's drainage divides. The features on this map are also shown on This Map just East from McAdoo Heights, just West of Waverly, the stream along Broad Mountain is Quakake Creek, on this map traced by the course of the railroad on the left&#8212;the map shown is rotated with North to the Right side, East is DOWN. Best estimate, the center of map is Kline Township, PA about: 40.907860,-75.992088 BING maps finds these nearby points before settling on those coordinates: (Bolded terms have matching terms on this map) Tresckow, PA -- 40.914959,-75.966248 285 Silverbrook Rd, McAdoo, PA 18237 -- 40.884390, -75.983194 Kline Township, PA -- 40.881020, -75.962454 (NOW Still Creek Reservoir -along Quakake Rd which used to be Quakake Railroad tracks. Annotation (Yellow squares) labels: For Tutorials: A, B, C, D, &amp; E -- Are all Saddle (landform) features, which this extract was cropped to demonstrate and educate about. L -- inside an arrow, points out that watercourses create a Vee notch in the topography lines. P -- Shows PEAK or Summit as labeled by USGS practices. T -- A Traverse -- an inclined path climbing/descending across the contours of the countryside. Unlabeled landforms... at the least include: Creeks, runs, streams, ravines, gaps, minor plateaus, escarpments, cliffs, notches, and rivers.
context_page_description: The saddle between two hills is the region surrounding the highest point of the lowest point on the line tracing the drainage divide connecting the peaks. When, and if, the saddle is navigable, even if only on foot, the saddle of a pass between the two massifs, is the area generally found around the lowest route on which one could pass between the two summits, which includes that point which is a mathematically when graphed a relative high along one axis, and a relative low in the perpendicular axis, simultaneously; that point being by definition the col of the saddle.
context_section_description: A saddle is the lowest area between two highlands (prominences or peaks) but has two wings which span the divide (the line between the two prominences) by crossing the divide at an angle, so is concurrently the local highpoint of the land surface which falls off in the down direction. That is, the drainage divide is a ridge along the high point of the saddle, as well as between the two peaks so defines the major reference axis. A saddle can vary from a sharp narrow gap to a broad comfortable sway-backed shallow valley so long as it is both the high point in the sloping faces descending to lower elevations and the low area between the two (or three or four.) flanking summits. Concurrently, along a different axis, it is the low point between two peaks, so is the likely 'optimal' high point in a pass if the saddle is traversed by a track, road or railway.
caption: USGS topographic map of ridges and saddles near Hazelton, Pennsylvania (closer view). The points -A-, -B-, -C-, -D- and, -E- all represent saddles — relative minimums oriented to two or more nearby peaks, but a local maxima relative to lower land.
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