page_title: Demographic history of the Vilnius region
section_title: Lithuanian census of 2011
hierarchical_section_title: Demographic history of the Vilnius region / Censuses / Lithuanian census of 2011
caption_attribution_description: English: Polish minority in Lithuania -&#160;% by municipalities Lietuvių: Lenkų mažuma pagal savivaldybę procentais Polski: Mniejszość polska na Litwie - udział procentowy w poszczególnych gminach
context_page_description: The city of Vilnius, now the capital of Lithuania, and its surrounding region have at various times come under Lithuanian, Russian, Polish, German, and Soviet rule. The population has been categorised by linguistic and sometimes also religious indicators. At the end of the 19th century the main languages spoken were Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian and Russian. Both Catholic and Orthodox Christianity were represented, while a large proportion of the city's inhabitants were Jews. The "Lithuanian" element was seen as declining, while the "Slavic" element was increasing.
  Census data are available from 1897 onward, although the territorial boundaries and ethnic categorisation have not been consistent. The Jewish population decreased greatly because of the Holocaust of 1941-44, and subsequently many Poles were removed from the city, but less so from the surrounding countryside. Consequently, recent Census figures show a predominance of Lithuanians in the city of Vilnius, but of Poles in the Vilnius district outside the city.
caption: Poles in Lithuania (2011)
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