page_title: Albert Einstein
section_title: Collaboration with other scientists
hierarchical_section_title: Albert Einstein / Scientific career / Collaboration with other scientists
caption_attribution_description: العربية: مؤتمر سولڤاي عن ميكانيكا الكم، سنة 1927م. ألتُقطت الصورة من قبل بنيامين كوپري، في مؤسسة سولڤاي للدراسات الفيزيائيَّة، في بروكسل، ببلجيكا. من الخلف إلى الأمام ومن اليسار إلى اليمين: أوگست پيكارد، إيميل هنريوت، پول إهرنفست، إدوارد هرتزن، تيوفيل دو دوندر، إرڤين شرودنگر، يولس-إيميل ڤيرشافت، ڤولفگانگ پاولي، ڤيرنر هايزنبيرگ، رالف فاولر، ليون برويون، پيتر ديباي، مارتن كنودسن، ويليام لورنس براگ، هندريك أنطوني كرامرز، پول ديراك، آرثر كومپتون، لويس دي بروي، ماكس بورن، نيلس بور، إرڤينگ لانگموير، ماكس پلانك، ماري كوري، هندريك أنطون لورنتس، ألبرت أينشتاين، پول لانجڤان، شارل أوجين گاي، تشارلز ويلسون، أوين ريتشاردسون هذه الصورة مُتوافرة أيضًا بأسماءٍ أسفلها. Deutsch: Solvay-Konferenz, 1927 (Thema: Neu entwickelte Quanten-Theorie) English: 1927 Solvay Conference on Quantum Mechanics. Photograph by Benjamin Couprie, Institut International de Physique Solvay, Brussels, Belgium. From back to front and from left to right&#160;: Auguste Piccard, Émile Henriot, Paul Ehrenfest, Édouard Herzen, Théophile de Donder, Erwin Schrödinger, Jules-Émile Verschaffelt, Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, Ralph Howard Fowler, Léon Brillouin, Peter Debye, Martin Knudsen, William Lawrence Bragg, Hendrik Anthony Kramers, Paul Dirac, Arthur Compton, Louis de Broglie, Max Born, Niels Bohr, Irving Langmuir, Max Planck, Marie Skłodowska Curie, Hendrik Lorentz, Albert Einstein, Paul Langevin, Charles-Eugène Guye, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Owen Willans Richardson This picture is also available with names at the bottom. Français&#160;: Participants au Congrès Solvay de 1927 sur la mécanique quantique. Photographie de Benjamin Couprie pour le compte de l'Institut international de physique Solvay, Parc Léopold, Bruxelles, Belgique. De l'arrière vers l'avant et de gauche à droite&#160;: Auguste Piccard, Émile Henriot, Paul Ehrenfest, Édouard Herzen, Théophile de Donder, Erwin Schrödinger, Jules-Émile Verschaffelt, Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, Ralph H. Fowler, Léon Brillouin, Peter Debye, Martin Knudsen, William Lawrence Bragg, Hendrik Anthony Kramers, Paul Dirac, Arthur Compton, Louis de Broglie, Max Born, Niels Bohr, Irving Langmuir, Max Planck, Marie Curie, Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Albert Einstein, Paul Langevin, Charles Eugène Guye, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Owen Willans Richardson 中文（简体）‎: 1927年索尔维会议 http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/courses/gpp1/intro/solvay1927.html 摄影：Benjamin Couprie于比利时布鲁塞尔索尔维国际物理研究所
context_page_description: Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc², which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory.
  The son of a salesman who later operated an electrochemical factory, Einstein was born in the German Empire but moved to Switzerland in 1895 and renounced his German citizenship in 1896. Specializing in physics and mathematics, he received his academic teaching diploma from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zürich in 1900. The following year, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for his entire life. After initially struggling to find work, from 1902 to 1909 he was employed as a patent examiner at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern.
context_section_description: In addition to longtime collaborators Leopold Infeld, Nathan Rosen, Peter Bergmann and others, Einstein also had some one-shot collaborations with various scientists.
caption: The 1927 Solvay Conference in Brussels, a gathering of the world's top physicists. Einstein is in the center.
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