电铸 电铸是一种通过electrodeposition在一个模具上制造金属成形零件的过程在业内被称为mandrel 导电金属模具被处理以创建一个机械分离层或者通过化学钝化来限制电形粘附到模具上从而允许其后续分离 非导电玻璃硅塑料模具在电沉积之前需要沉积一层导电层 这些层可以通过化学方式沉积或使用真空沉积技术例如金溅射 模具的外表面形成形状的内表面 该过程涉及将直流电通过含有被电成型金属盐的电解质 阳极是被电铸的固体金属而阴极是模具电形被镀沉积到模具上 该过程继续进行直到达到所需的电形厚度 然后模具要么完整分离要么融化要么化学溶解 完成零件的表面与模具紧密接触从而精细复制了原始模具并且不会像在铸造金属物体中那样经历收缩也不会有铣削零件的工具痕迹 零件的溶液侧边界开始时并不明确并且随着沉积物厚度的增加边界变得越来越模糊 这种趋势可以通过屏蔽或一种称为周期性反转的过程来减少在该过程中电铸电流在短时间内反转并且多余的部分通过电化学优先溶解 完成的形态可以是成品零件也可以用于后续过程以生产原始模具形状的正形例如用于唱片或CD和DVD模具制造 近年来由于其几乎无损复制模具表面的能力电铸在制造微型和纳米级金属设备以及生产具有微型和纳米级特征的精密注塑模具以生产非金属微型成型物体方面变得越来越重要 电铸是一种 金属成形 零件制造过程通过 electrodeposition 在一个模具上在业内被称为 mandrel Conductive metallic mandrels are treated to create a mechanical parting layer or are chemically passivated to limit electroform adhesion to the mandrel and thereby allow its subsequent separation Nonconductive glass silicon plastic mandrels require the deposition of a conductive layer prior to electrodeposition Such layers can be deposited chemically or using vacuum deposition techniques eg gold sputtering 模具的外表面形成形状的内表面 该过程涉及将直流电通过含有被电成型金属盐的电解质 The anode is the solid metal being electroformed and the cathode is the mandrel onto which the electroform gets plated deposited 该过程继续进行直到达到所需的电形厚度然后模具要么完整分离要么融化要么化学溶解 The surface of the finished part that was in intimate contact with the mandrel is replicated in fine detail with respect to the original and is not subject to the shrinkage that would normally be experienced in a foundrycast metal object or the tool marks of a milled part 部件的溶液侧边界开始时并不明确并且随着沉积物厚度的增加边界变得越来越模糊 This tendency can be reduced by shielding or a process known as periodic reverse where the electroforming current is reversed for short periods and the excess is preferentially dissolved electrochemically The finished form can either be the finished part or can be used in a subsequent process to produce a positive of the original mandrel shape such as with vinyl records or CD and DVD stamper manufacture In recent years due to its ability to replicate a mandrel surface with practically no loss of fidelity electroforming has taken on new importance in the fabrication of micro and nanoscale metallic devices and in producing precision injection molds with micro and nanoscale features for production of nonmetallic micromolded objects