배트 크리크 비문

배트 크리크 비문 (배트 크리크 돌이나 배트 크리크 정제라고도 한다)은 곤충학자 사이러스 토마스가 감독한 미국 민족학국에 의해 1889년 루동군에 있는 아메리카 원주민 봉분 발굴의 일환으로 수집된, 새겨진 돌이다. 비문은 처음 체로키로 설명됐으나, 2004년, 프리메이슨 책에서 순환 된 비문에 유사성이 발견되었다. 날조 전문가 케네스 페더는 동료 메리 L. 크와스와 로버트 메인포트가 돌의 진위에 대한 주장을 "철회했다고" 밝혔다. 메인포트 및 크와스 자신은 "뱃 크릭 비석은 사기다"라고 말했다. 콜럼버스 이전 과대양 접촉 미국 민족학국 (Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology until 1897) 페니키아인 아메리카 발견론 예후드 동전 Feder, Kenneth L. (2010년 10월 11일). 《Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum》. ABC-CLIO. 39–쪽. ISBN 9780313379192. 2013년 3월 5일에 확인함.  Mainfort, Jr., Robert C.; Kwas, Mary L. “The Bat Creek Fraud: A Final Statement”. 2013년 3월 12일에 확인함.  Chapman, Jefferson. Tellico Archaeology: 12,000 Years of Native American History Norris, Tenn.: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1985 Faulker, Charles H. The Bat Creek Stone. Tennessee Anthropological Association, Miscellaneous Paper No. 15, 1992. Reprints pp. 391–3 of Thomas (1894), McCulloch (1988), and Mainfort and Kwas (1991), with introduction by Faulkner. Feder, Kenneth L. Frauds, Myths and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology, 3rd ed. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Co., 1999. Gordon, Cyrus H. Before Columbus: Links Between the Old World and Ancient America. New York: Crown Publishers, 1971. Hudson, Charles. The Juan Pardo Expeditions: Explorations of the Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566-1568. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 2005. Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. and Mary L. Kwas. "The Bat Creek Stone: Judeans in Tennessee?" Tennessee Anthropologist 16 (Spring 1991): 1-19. Reprinted in Faulkner (1992). Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. and Mary L. Kwas. "The Bat Creek Fraud: A Final Statement," Tennessee Anthropologist 18 (Fall 1993): 87-93. Macoy, Robert, General History, Cyclopedia and Dictionary of Freemasonry, Masonic Publishing Co., New York, 3rd ed., 1868, p. 134. (Same illustration appears on p. 169 of 1870 ed. and 1989 reprint ed., but not in 1867 ed.) McCarter, P. Kyle, Jr. "Let's be Serious About the Bat Creek Stone," Biblical Archaeology Review 19 (July/Aug. 1993): 54-55, 83. McCulloch, J. Huston. "The Bat Creek Inscription: Cherokee or Hebrew? Archived 2016년 3월 4일 - 웨이백 머신" Tennessee Anthropologist 13 (Fall 1988): 79-123. Reprinted in Faulkner (1992). McCulloch, J. Huston (1993a). "The Bat Creek Stone: A Reply to Mainfort and Kwas Archived 2016년 3월 4일 - 웨이백 머신," Tennessee Anthropologist 18 (Spring 1993): 1-26. McCulloch, J. Huston (1993b). "Did Judean Refugees Escape to Tennessee?" Biblical Archaeology Review 19 (July/Aug. 1993): 46-53, 82-83. McKusick, Marshall. "Canaanites in America: A New Scripture in Stone?" Biblical Archaeologist, Summer 1979, pp. 137–40. McKusick, Marshall. "The Cherokee Solution to the Bat Creek Enigma," Biblical Archaeology Review, 20 (Jan./Feb. 1994): 83-84, 86. Mertz, Henriette. The Wine Dark Sea: Homer's Heroic Epic of the North Atlantic. Chicago: Mertz, 1964. ASIN B0006CHG68. Schroedl, Gerald F. Archaeological Investigations at the Harrison Branch and Bat Creek Sites. University of Tennessee, Department of Anthropology, Report of Investigations No. 10, 1975. Smithsonian Institution Archives. "Funds for Ethnology and Mound Survey", dated March 3, 1881. Thomas, Cyrus H. The Cherokees in Pre-Columbian Times N.D.C. Hodges, New York, 1890. Thomas, Cyrus H. "Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology", in Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1890-91, 1894. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. pp. 391–3 reprinted in Faulkner (1992). Catalogue No. A134902-0 in the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Museum of the Cherokee Indian