SARS-CoV-2 변이주

코로나바이러스감염증-19(코로나19)를 일으키는 SARS-CoV-2는 다수의 변이가 있다. 일부는 전염성이 증가하거나, 독성이 늘거나, 백신의 효과가 감소하기 때문에 특히 중요하다. 사상 최초의 코로나19 변이 바이러스는 2020년 1월 1일 발생한 B.1.499 바이러스이며 코로나 바이러스는 이후에도 계속 변이하면서 세계의 여러가지의 다양한 변이 바이러스가 탄생하고 있다. 현재까지는 오미크론 이상의 파이 바이러스 종류는 아직 나오지 않고 있다. 상대적 위험도:   매우 높음   높음   보통   낮음   매우 낮음   알 수 없음 내용주 The naming format was updated in March 2021, changing the year from 4 to 2 digits and the month from 2 digits to a 3-letter abbreviation. For example, VOC-202101-02 became VOC-21JAN-02. Formerly 20B/501Y.V1. Another study has estimated that B.1.1.7 may be ~64% (32–104%) more lethal The reported confidence or credible interval has a low probability, so the estimated value can only be understood as possible, not certain nor likely. Another study has estimated that P.1 may be 100% (50% CrI, 70–140%) more transmissible. Preliminary results from a study in the Southern Region of Brazil found P.1 much more lethal for healthy young people. In groups without pre-existing conditions, the variant was found to be 490% (220–985%) more lethal for men in the 20-39 age group, 465% (190–1003%) more lethal for women in the 20-39 age group and 670% (401–1083%) for women in the 40-59 age group. About 40% more transmissible than the Alpha variant. 7 February – 22 June 22, 2021, Ontario. CFR 0.04% for <50 age group unvaccinated, 6.5% for >50 age group unvaccinated 1 April – 6 June 2021, Scotland. Another preliminary study in Ontario found that hospitalization by Delta increased by 120% relative to non-VOC lineages. Differences may be due to different policies and interventions adopted in each area studied at different times, to the capacity of the local health system, or to different variants circulating at the time and place of the study. Formerly UK1188. 참조주 “Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants”. 《who.int》 (영어). World Health Organization. 2021년 6월 1일에 확인함.  “SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions”. 《CDC.gov》. 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Public Health England. 2021년 6월 6일에 확인함.  https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2021081314552057045.  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말) Planas D, Bruel T, Grzelak L, 외. (2021년 4월 14일). “Sensitivity of infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants to neutralizing antibodies”. 《Nature Medicine》 27 (5): 917–924. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01318-5. PMID 33772244.  “Coronavirus: Sinovac vaccine gives 70 per cent less protection against South African variant, but Hongkongers urged to still get jab”. 《South China Morning Post》. 2021년 4월 20일. 2021년 4월 20일에 확인함.  “Confirmed cases of COVID-19 variants identified in UK”. Friday 15 January: GOV.UK. Public Health England. 2021년 1월 15일.  Horby, Peter; Barclay, Wendy; Gupta, Ravi; Huntley, Catherine (2021년 1월 27일). 《NERVTAG paper: note on variant P.1》 (Note). Public Health England. 2021년 6월 6일에 확인함.  Coutinho RM, Marquitti FM, Ferreira LS, Borges ME, da Silva RL, Canton O, 외. (2021년 3월 23일). “Model-based estimation of transmissibility and reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant”. 《medRxiv》 (Preprint): 9. doi:10.1101/2021.03.03.21252706. S2CID 232119656. 2021년 4월 29일에 확인함. The new variant was found to be about 2.6 times more transmissible (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.4–2.8) than previous circulating variant(s). ... Table 1: Summary of the fitted parameters and respective confidence intervals considering the entire period, November 1, 2020-January 31, 2021 maintaining the same pathogenicity of the previous variant. Parameter: Relative transmission rate for the new variant. Estimate: 2.61. 2.5%: 2.45. 97.5%: 2.76.  Faria NR, Mellan TA, Whittaker C, Claro IM, Candido DS, Mishra S, 외. (2021년 5월 21일). “Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil”. 《Science》 372 (6544): 815–821. doi:10.1126/science.abh2644. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 8139423. PMID 33853970. Within this plausible region of parameter space, P.1 can be between 1.7 and 2.4 times more transmissible (50% BCI, 2.0 median, with a 99% posterior probability of being >1) than local non-P1 lineages and can evade 21 to 46% (50% BCI, 32% median, with a 95% posterior probability of being able to evade at least 10%) of protective immunity elicited by previous infection with non-P.1 lineages, corresponding to 54 to 79% (50% BCI, 68% median) cross-immunity ... We estimate that infections are 1.2 to 1.9 times more likely (50% BCI, median 1.5, 90% posterior probability of being >1) to result in mortality in the period after the emergence of P.1, compared with before, although posterior estimates of this relative risk are also correlated with inferred cross-immunity. More broadly, the recent epidemic in Manaus has strained the city’s health care system, leading to inadequate access to medical care. We therefore cannot determine whether the estimated increase in relative mortality risk is due to P.1 infection, stresses on the Manaus health care system, or both. Detailed clinical investigations of P.1 infections are needed.  Freitas AR, Lemos DR, Beckedorff OA, Cavalcanti LP, Siqueira AM, Mello RC, 외. (2021년 4월 19일). “The increase in the risk of severity and fatality rate of covid-19 in southern Brazil after the emergence of the Variant of Concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2 P.1 was greater among young adults without pre-existing risk conditions” (Preprint). doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.21255281 – medRxiv 경유. Female 20 to 39 years old, with no pre-existing risk conditions, were at risk of death 5.65 times higher in February (95% CI, 2.9-11.03; p <0.0001) and in the age group of 40 and 59 years old, this risk was 7.7 times higher (95% CI, 5.01-11.83; p <0.0001) comparing with November–December. ... The heterogeneity observed between the age groups was greater when we analyzed the subgroup of the population without preexisting risk conditions where we found that the CFR in the female sex in the second wave was 1.95 times (95% CI, 1.38-2.76) the CFR of the first wave in the population over 85 years old and was 7.7 times (95% CI, 5.01-11.83; p < 0.0001) in the population between 40 and 59 years old. In the male population without previous diseases, the CFR in the second wave was 2.18 (95% CI, 1.62-2.93) times the CFR of the first wave in the population over 85 years old and 5.9 (95% CI, 3.2-10.85; p < 0, 0001) higher in the range between 20 and 39 years old.  Azad, Arman (2021년 3월 17일). “Coronavirus strains first detected in California are officially 'variants of concern,' CDC says”. 《CNN》. 2021년 6월 6일에 확인함.  Deng X, Garcia-Knight MA, Khalid MM, Servellita V, Wang C, Morris MK, 외. 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