귀납주의

귀납주의 (inductivism)란 프랜시스 베이컨이 전통적으로 주장되는 사상을 파괴하고 과학적 방법의 전통적인 모델이다. 자연을 관찰하여 합법적인 법칙을 찾아내고 실험을 통하여 일반적으로 증명가능한 원리를 찾아내는 것이다. 또한 확증되지 못한 법칙들을 버리는 것이다. 법칙들은 확장되지만 조심스럽고 단기간적인 관찰을 넘어가서는 안된다. 전제들로부터 벗어나서 과학자는 자연의 원인과 물질의 구조를 점차적으로 발견하는 것이다.   1740년에 데이비드 흄 은 인과관계를 추론할 수 있는 경험을 사용하는데 여러 장애들을 찾아냈다. 그는 귀납 자체가 정당화될 수 있는가라는 문제를 제시하였다. 프랜시스 베이컨 연역법 Andrews, David, Keynes and the British Humanist Tradition: The Moral Purpose of the Market (New York: Routledge, 2010). Ayer, Alfred J, Language, Truth and Logic, 2nd edn (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1946 / New York: Dover, 1952). Avineri, Shlomo, "Hegel and nationalism", The Review of Politics, 1962 Oct;24(4):461–84. Avineri, Shlomo, Hegel's theory of the modern state (Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1974). Avise, John C & Francisco J Ayala, eds, National Academy of Sciences, In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries of Darwin (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2009), pp 263–64. 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