오기노 슈지

오기노 슈지(일본어: 荻野周史, 1968년 4월 24일 ~)는 분자병리역학자이자 병리학자이며 역학자이다. 그는 현재 하버드 의학대학원 브리검 여성병원의 병리학 교수이며 하버드 T.H. 찬 보건대학원의 부교수로 재직중이다. 그는 분자병리역학이라는 새로운 분야를 개척한 것으로 이름을 알렸다. 분자병리역학이란, 분자병리학과 역학을 접목한 학제간 과학분야이다. 오기노는 1993년 일본 도쿄 의과대학을 졸업하고 2001년 도쿄 의과대학원을 졸업하였다. 그는 1994년에서 1995년까지 일본 오키나와 미해군병원(U.S. Naval Hospital Okinawa)에서 인턴으로 근무한 뒤 미국으로 건너가 1995년부터 1997년까지 필라델피아의 드렉셀 대학(Drexel University) 소속 앨러게니 종합병원(Allegheny General Hospital) (1995년~1997년)과 케이스 웨스턴 리저브 대학(Case Western Reserve University) 소속 케이스 대학병원(University Hospitals Case Medical Center) (1997~1999)에서 해부병리/진단검사의학 전공의 과정을 수료하였다. 그는 펜실베니아 대학병원(University of Pennsylvania Medical Center)에서 1999년부터 2000년까지 분자병리과 전임의로 일하였고 2001년부터 다나 파버 암연구소(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), 브리검 여성병원(Brigham and Women’s Hospital) 및 하버드 의과대학(Harvard Medical School)에서 병리학 임상강사 일을 시작하여 2004년에는 조교수로, 2008년에는 부교수로 승진하였고 2015년에 정교수가 되었다. 그는 2010년에 하버드 T.H. Chan 보건대학원(Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health)에서 역학(疫學) 석사학위를 받고 2012년 동 대학원의 부교수가 되었다. 오기노는 2010년에, 역학을 배경으로 한 분자병리 연구를 독립된 분야로 간주할 것을 제안하면서, “분자병리역학 (Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, MPE)”이라는 용어를 사용하였다.[1] 그의 이러한 제안을 시작으로 분자병리역학이라는 개념과 패러다임이 광범위하게 퍼져 사용되었고, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] 분자병리역학은 미국 암연구회 (American Association for Cancer Research, AACR),[13] 역학 연구회 (Society for Epidemiologic Research, SER),[14] 미국 종양예방학회(American Society of Preventive Oncology, ASPO) [15] 와 같은 국제 학회에서 논의되었다. 분자병리역학적 접근은 분자병리학을 역학에 적용하여 분자적, 개체적 및 인구학적 레벨에서 병의 원인을 밝히는 것을 목표로 한다. 병리조직과 역학조사로 얻어진 데이터를 이용하여 그는 병의 위험요인 (예>환경, 식이, 생활습관 및 유전적 요인)과 분자병리학적 특질 (예>대장직장암의 PIK3CA 돌연변이)의 관계를 규명하는 많은 수의 연구논문을 출판하였다.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] 분자병리역학적 접근을 이용한 오기노의 발견들에는, 대장직장암에서 아스피린 복용과 PIK3CA돌연변이의 상호작용,[33] 내시경 검진과 CpG 아일랜드 메틸레이터 표현형 (CpG island methylator phenotype, CIMP) 및 마이크로세털라이트 불안정성 (microsattelite instability, MSI)를 가진 대장직장암 발병과의 연관성 등이 있다.[34] 그는 2013년에 국제 분자병리역학회 (International Molecular Pathological Epidemiology Meeting)를 처음으로 열고 학회장을 역임하였으며 두번째 학회는 2014년 12월 4일과 5일에 보스턴에서 열렸다.[35] 오기노는 대장직장암 연구에 분자병리역학적 개념을 도입하여 패러다임 전환을 제안하였다. 그는 대장을 근위대장과 원위대장으로 나누는 두개의 대장 개념에서 대장직장 연속성 모델로의 개념의 전환을 제안하였는데 이 제안은 1,400개 이상의 대장작장암 증례의 데이터베이스에서 MSI, CIMP, BRAF 돌연변이의 빈도와 대장직장암의 발생위치의 선형적 상호작용을 관찰함으로써 얻어진 결과였다.[41] 이러한 대장직장 연속성 모델을 지지하는 다른 연구자들이 내놓은 결과들도 있다.[42][43] 그는 이 외에도 전장유전체연관성분석-분자병리역학적 접근 (The GWAS-MPE approach),[44] 특이 암 원리(the unique tumor principal),[45] 특이 질병 원리(the unique disease principle),[46] 병인의 장 효과 모델(the etiologic field effect model),[47]과 같은 새로운 인식체계와 연구체계를 소개하였는데 이들은 모두 분자병리역학과 관련이 있는 것들이다. 2004 Executive Officer’s Award, Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) 2011 Ramzi Cotran Young Investigator Award, United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology 2012 Meritorious Service Award, Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) 2014 The Most Influential Scientific Minds: 2014, by Thomson Reuters [48] 2014- Elected Member, American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI) 2014- Member, FASEB Excellence in Science Award Committee [49] Ogino S, Stampfer M. 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Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Gut. 2011 Mar;60(3):397-411. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.217182. Epub 2010 Oct 29. Review. PMID 21036793 Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field. Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2012 Jul;12(6):621-8. doi: 10.1586/erm.12.46. Review. PMID 22845482 How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine. Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Mod Pathol. 2013 Apr;26(4):465-84. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.214. Epub 2013 Jan 11. Review. PMID 23307060 Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease. Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Fuchs CS, Beck AH, Giovannucci E, Ogino S. Mod Pathol. 2014 Jun 13. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.81. [Epub ahead of print] PMID 24925058 Etiologic field effect: reappraisal of the field effect concept in cancer predisposition and progression. The world’s Most Influential Minds:2014 (https://web.archive.org/web/20141007000116/http://thomsonreuters.com/articles/2014/worlds-most-influential-scientific-minds-2014) Thomson Reuter. Retrieved September 5, 2014. http://www.faseb.org/About-FASEB/Who-We-Are/Governance/Board-Ordinary-Committees.aspx Archived 2015년 4월 2일 - 웨이백 머신 Retrieved September 15, 2014. The Ogino MPE lab Dana-Farber/ Harvard Cancer Center faculty profile Archived 2015년 5월 2일 - 웨이백 머신 Harvard School of Public Health faculty profile Brigham & Women’s Hospital faculty profile Archived 2015년 7월 15일 - 웨이백 머신 Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Department Pathology faculty profile