EAAT1

EAAT1（excitatory amino acid transporter 1）、SLC1A3（solute carrier family 1 member 3）またはGLAST1（glutamate/aspartate transporter 1）は、ヒトではSLC1A3遺伝子にコードされるタンパク質である。 EAAT1は主に細胞膜に発現しており、細胞外空間のグルタミン酸の除去を可能にする。また、リンゴ酸-アスパラギン酸シャトルの構成因子として、ミトコンドリア内膜にも局在している。 EAAT1はin vivoではホモ三量体として機能する。EAAT1は、3つのNa+と1つのH+との共輸送、1つのK+との逆輸送によって、グルタミン酸とアスパラギン酸の輸送を媒介する。こうした輸送の共役（シンポート）によって、グルタミン酸を濃度勾配に逆らって細胞内へ輸送することが可能となる。 リンゴ酸-アスパラギン酸シャトルの模式図。グルタミン酸/アスパラギン酸トランスポーターは下部中央に示されている。 バーグマングリア線維におけるSLC1A3の発現。出生後7日マウス脳、矢状断、GENSATデータベース。 EAAT1は中枢神経系全体に発現しており、小脳のアストロサイトやバーグマングリアで高度に発現している。網膜においては、EAAT1はミュラー細胞（英語版）に発現している。EAAT1は、心筋細胞など他のいくつかの組織でも発現している。 EAAT1は周期性失調症6型（EA6）と関係している。EAAT1の発現は、変形性関節症と関係している可能性もある。 TBOA（DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate）は、興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター（EAAT）の阻害剤である。 2-amino-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrilの4位と7位を置換した25種類の化合物による検討から、EAAT1選択性を示す阻害剤が発見されている。 ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000079215 - Ensembl, May 2017 ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005360 - Ensembl, May 2017 ^ Human PubMed Reference: ^ Mouse PubMed Reference: ^ “Entrez Gene: SLC1A3 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3”. 2023年5月7日閲覧。 ^ “Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: quantitative and immunocytochemical observations”. 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PMID 12769187.  Glutamate Aspartate Transporter 1 - MeSH・アメリカ国立医学図書館・生命科学用語シソーラス（英語） Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P43003 (Excitatory amino acid transporter 1) at the PDBe-KB.