ハプログループK (Y染色体)

ハプログループK (Y染色体)（ハプログループK (Yせんしょくたい)、英: Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)）とは分子人類学において人類の父系を示すY染色体ハプログループ（型集団）の分類で、「rs2033003 (M526)」によって定義されるグループである。N、O、Q、Rなどの祖先に当たる。47,000年前 に南アジア-西アジアのいずれかでハプログループIJKから誕生した。 なお、ハプログループKの子系統のうち、特にO、Rなどは現在のユーラシア大陸とアメリカ大陸においては最も一般的に見られ、全人類男性の50%以上がハプログループKの子系統に属すると言われている。ハプログループKは比較的若い系統であるにもかかわらず、非常に多くの人々の共通祖先となっている。 ハプログループKの系統樹 古代の集団は少ないサンプル数からの推定 [脚注の使い方] ^ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (May 2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Res. 18 (5): 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274. ^ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Sudoyo H, Lansing JS, Hammer MF (June 2014). “Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia”. European Journal of Human Genetics 23: 369–373. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.106. PMID 24896152.  ^ Raghavan M, Skoglund P, Graf KE, et al. 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PMID 19650893. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728732/.  ^ Grugni V, Battaglia V, Hooshiar Kashani B, et al. (2012). “Ancient migratory events in the Middle East: new clues from the Y-chromosome variation of modern Iranians”. PLOS ONE 7 (7): e41252. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041252. PMC 3399854. PMID 22815981. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399854/.  ^ Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, et al. (2012). “Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events”. PloS One 7 (3): e34288. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288. PMC 3314501. PMID 22470552. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314501/.  ^ Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, et al. (2013). “Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape”. PLOS ONE 8 (2): e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775. PMC 3576335. PMID 23431392. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3576335/.  ^ Rosser ZH, Zerjal T, Hurles ME, et al. (December 2000). “Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language”. American Journal of Human Genetics 67 (6): 1526–43. doi:10.1086/316890. PMC 1287948. PMID 11078479. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1287948/.  ^ Pichler I, Mueller JC, Stefanov SA, et al. (August 2006). “Genetic structure in contemporary south Tyrolean isolated populations revealed by analysis of Y-chromosome, mtDNA, and Alu polymorphisms”. Human Biology 78 (4): 441–64. doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0057. PMID 17278620. http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol78/iss4/4/.  ^ a b International Society of Genetic Genealogy, 2015 Y-DNA Haplogroup K and its Subclades – 2015 (5 April 2015). ^ Robino C, Varacalli S, Gino S, et al. (October 2004). “Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a population sample from continental Greece, and the islands of Crete and Chios”. Forensic Science International 145 (1): 61–4. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.02.026. PMID 15374596.  ^ Trivedi, R.; Sahoo, Sanghamitra; Singh, Anamika; Bindu, G. Hima; Banerjee, Jheelam; Tandon, Manuj; Gaikwad, Sonali; Rajkumar, Revathi et al. (2007). “High Resolution Phylogeographic Map of Y-Chromosomes Reveal the Genetic Signatures of Pleistocene Origin of Indian Populations”. Anthropology Today: Trends, Scope and Applications. http://www.krepublishers.com/06-Special%20Volume-Journal/T-Anth-00-Special%20Volumes/T-Anth-SI-03-Anth-Today-Web/Anth-SI-03-31-Trivedi-R/Anth-SI-03-31-Trivedi-R-Tt.pdf.  ^ Hirbo, Jibril Boru (2011). Complex Genetic History of East African Human Populations (PhD Thesis). hdl:1903/11443 [要ページ番号] ^ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513103016352[要文献特定詳細情報] ^ Cruciani F, Trombetta B, Sellitto D, et al. (July 2010). “Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages”. European Journal of Human Genetics 18 (7): 800–7. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.231. PMC 2987365. PMID 20051990. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987365/.  ^ yhrd.org[要文献特定詳細情報] ^ Zhong, Hua; Shi, Hong; Qi, Xue-Bin; Duan, Zi-Yuan; Tan, Ping-Ping; Jin, Li; Su, Bing; Ma, Runlin Z. (2010). “Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route”. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.  ^ http://www.phylotree.org/Y/tree/index.htm[要文献特定詳細情報] ^ Magoon, Gregory R; Banks, Raymond H; Rottensteiner, Christian; Schrack, Bonnie E; Tilroe, Vincent O; Robb, Terry; Grierson, Andrew J (2013). “Generation of high-resolution a priori Y-chromosome phylogenies using 'next-generation' sequencing data”. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/000802.