リケッチア

リケッチア （Rickettsia、リケッツィア、リケッチャ、リッケットシアとも表記。） は、狭義ではRickettsia 属、広義では Rickettsiaceae 科の微生物の総称。ダニ等の節足動物を媒介とし、ヒトに発疹チフスあるいは各種リケッチア症を引き起こす。ウイルスと同じように細胞外で増殖できない。偏性細胞内寄生体とも呼ばれる。 名称は発疹チフスの研究に従事し、結果的にそれが原因で亡くなったアメリカの病理学者、ハワード・テイラー・リケッツの名に因む。 リケッチアは非運動性でグラム染色で陰性である。1–4 µm の球状または桿体、あるいは連鎖状、繊維状の形状を示す。ウイルス、クラミジア、ファイトプラズマ等と同じく単独で増殖が出来ない（偏性細胞内寄生性）。増殖は宿主の血管内皮系の細胞内で行われ、宿主細胞の代謝低下時に最もよい増殖を示す。宿主細胞から取り出し単独におくと急速に死滅する。感染した血管には血栓が生じ、血管破裂、壊死を引き起こす。これが体のどこで起こるかは種により異なり、これが症状の差違を引き起こす。 自然界ではネズミなど小型哺乳類、ダニが保因しており、シラミ、ダニ、ツツガムシ（恙虫）の節足動物を媒介し、ヒトに感染する。 クエン酸回路を構成する全ての遺伝子を持ち、DNA解析によりミトコンドリアとの近縁性が指摘されている。 テトラサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン、クロラムフェニコール等の代謝・DNA合成を阻害する機序の抗菌薬を投与する。ペニシリンなど、臨床的に頻用されるβ-ラクタム系の細胞壁のペプチドグリカンを合成阻害する抗生物質が、全く効かないことに注意が必要である。 [脚注の使い方] ^ a b Da Rocha-Lima H (1916). “Zur Aetiologie des Fleckfeibers”. Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift 53: 567-569.  ^ a b c d e f g h i j k V. B. D. Skerman, Vicki. McGOWAN, P. H. A. Sneath (01 January 1980). “Approved Lists of Bacterial Names”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 30 (1): 225-420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225.  ^ LORENZA BEATI, MOSTAPHA MESKINI, BERNADETTE THIERS, DIDIER RAOULT (01 January 1997). “Rickettsia aeschlimannii sp. nov., a New Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Associated with Hyalomma marginatum Ticks”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 47 (2): 548-54. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-548. PMID 9103647.  ^ a b “Notification that New Names and New Combinations Have Appeared in Volume 47, No. 2, of the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 47 (3). (01 July 1997). doi:10.1099/00207713-47-3-917.  ^ PATRICK J. KELLY, LORENZA BEATI, PETER R. MASON, LINDA A. MATTHEWMAN, VÉRONIQUE ROUX, DIDIER RAOULT (01 April 1996). “Rickettsia africae sp. nov., the Etiological Agent of African Tick Bite Fever”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 46 (2): 611-4. doi:10.1099/00207713-46-2-611. PMID 8934912.  ^ “Notification that New Names and New Combinations Have Appeared in Volume 46, No. 2, of the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 46 (3): 838. (01 July 1996). doi:10.1099/00207713-46-3-838.  ^ Huebner RJ, Jellison WL, Pomerantz C (1946). “Rickettsialpox, newly recognized rickettsial disease. IV. Isolation of a rickettsia apparently identical with the causative agent of Rickettsialpox from Allodermanyssus sanguineus, a rodent mite”. Public Health Report 61: 1677-1682.  ^ Sandor E. Karpathy, Kimetha S. Slater, Cynthia S. Goldsmith, William L. Nicholson, Christopher D. Paddock (01 December 2016). “Rickettsia amblyommatis sp. nov., a spotted fever group Rickettsia associated with multiple species of Amblyomma ticks in North, Central and South America”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66 (12): 5236-5243. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001502. PMC 5893998. PMID 27638476. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5893998/.  ^ Aharon Oren, George M Garrity (01 March 2017). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 66, part 12, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (3). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001834.  ^ Alice N. Maina, Alison Luce-Fedrow, Sylvia Omulo, Jun Hang, Teik-Chye Chan, Fredrick Ade, Dereje D. Jima, Eric Ogola, Hong Ge, Robert F. Breiman, Moses K. Njenga, Allen L. Richards (01 November 2016). “Isolation and characterization of a novel Rickettsia species (Rickettsia asembonensis sp. nov.) obtained from cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis)”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66 (11). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001382.  ^ Aharon Oren, George M Garrity (01 February 2017). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 66, part 11, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (2): 179-182. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001766.  ^ Hiromi Fujita, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Nobuhiro Takada, Takehiro Saito, Didier Raoult (01 October 2006). “Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov., isolated in Japan”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56 (10): 2365-2368. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64177-0. PMID 17012563.  ^ “Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 56, part 10, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57 (1): 2-3. (01 January 2007). doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64874-0.  ^ Philip CB (1950). “Miscellaneous human rickettsioses”. In Pullen RL. Communicable Diseases. Lea and Febiger Co. (フィラデルフィア). pp. 781-788  ^ R. N. PHILIP, E. A. CASPER, R. L. ANACKER, J. CORY, S. F. HAYES, W. BURGDORFER, C. E. YUNKER (01 January 1983). “Rickettsia bellii sp. nov.: a Tick-Borne Rickettsia, Widely Distributed in the United States, That Is Distinct from the Spotted Fever and Typhus Biogroups”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 33 (1). doi:10.1099/00207713-33-1-94.  ^ John A. McKiel, E. John Bell, and David B. Lackman (May 1967). “Rickettsia canada: a new member of the typhus group of rickettsiae isolated from Haemaphysalis leporispalustris ticks in Canada”. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 13 (5): 503-10. doi:10.1139/m67-065. PMID 6039198.  ^ Brumpt E. (1932). “Longévité du virus de la fièvre boutonneuse (Rickettsia conori, n. sp.) chez la Tique, Rhipicephalus sanguineus”. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie Filiales 110: 1199-1202.  ^ Awa Diop, Stephen C. Barker, Mey Eberhard, Dayana Barker, Thi Tien Nguyen, Fabrizio Di Pinto, Didier Raoult, Oleg Mediannikov (11 October 2018). “Rickettsia fournieri sp. nov., a novel spotted fever group rickettsia from Argas lagenoplastis ticks in Australia”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68 (12): 3781-3784. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003057. PMID 30307387.  ^ Aharon Oren, George M Garrity (04 March 2019). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 68, part 12, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69 (3): 600-601. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003197.  ^ Mohammad Y. Abdad, Rita Abou Abdallah, Khalid El Karkouri, Mamadou Beye, John Stenos, Helen Owen, Nathan Unsworth, Ian Robertson, Stuart D. Blacksell, Thi-Tien Nguyen, Claude Nappez, Didier Raoult, Stan Fenwick, Pierre-Edouard Fournier (01 September 2017). “Rickettsia gravesii sp. nov.: a novel spotted fever group rickettsia in Western Australian Amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum ticks”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (9): 3156-3161. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001865. PMID 28857025.  ^ Aharon Oren, George M Garrity (01 December 2017). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 67, part 9, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (12): 4881-4883. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.002398.  ^ Lorenza Beati, Olivier Péter, Willy Burgdorfer, André Aeschlimann, Didier Raoult (01 July 1993). “Confirmation that Rickettsia helvetica sp. nov. Is a Distinct Species of the Spotted Fever Group of Rickettsiae”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 43 (3): 521-6. doi:10.1099/00207713-43-3-521. PMID 8102245.  ^ “Notification that New Names and New Combinations Have Appeared in Volume 43, No. 3, of the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 43 (4): 866. (01 October 1993). doi:10.1099/00207713-43-4-866.  ^ JOHN STENOS, VÉRONIQUE ROUX, DAVID WALKER, DIDIER RAOULT (01 October 1998). “Rickettsia honei sp. nov., the aetiological agent of Flinders Island spotted fever in Australia”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 48 (4): 1399-404. doi:10.1099/00207713-48-4-1399. PMID 9828442.  ^ a b “Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 48, part 4, of the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 49 (1): 5-6. (01 January 1999). doi:10.1099/00207713-49-1-5.  ^ Darja Duh, Volga Punda-Polic, Tatjana Avsic-Zupanc, Donald Bouyer, David H. Walker, Vsevolod L. Popov, Mateja Jelovsek, Maja Gracner, Tomi Trilar, Nikola Bradaric, Timothy J. Kurtti, Jasna Strus (01 April 2010). “Rickettsia hoogstraalii sp. nov., isolated from hard- and soft-bodied ticks”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60 (4): 977-984. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.011049-0. PMID 19666817.  ^ “Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 60, part 4, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60 (7): 1480-1481. (01 July 2010). doi:10.1099/ijs.0.025866-0.  ^ Takahiro Uchida, Tsuneo Uchiyama, Keiko Kumano, David H. Walker (01 April 1992). “Rickettsia japonica sp. nov., the Etiological Agent of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis in Japan”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 42 (2): 303-5. doi:10.1099/00207713-42-2-303. PMID 1581190.  ^ “Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 42 (3): 511. (01 July 1992). doi:10.1099/00207713-42-3-511.  ^ L. Beati, D. Raoult (01 October 1993). “NOTES: Rickettsia massiliae sp. nov., a New Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 43 (4): 839-40. doi:10.1099/00207713-43-4-839. PMID 8240964.  ^ “Notification that New Names and New Combinations Have Appeared in Volume 43, No. 4, of the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 44 (1): 184. (01 January 1994). doi:10.1099/00207713-44-1-184.  ^ Jason A. Simser, Ann T. Palmer, Volker Fingerle, Bettina Wilske, Timothy J. Kurtti kurtt001@tc.umn.edu, Ulrike G. (1 September 2002). Rickettsia monacensis sp. nov., a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia, from Ticks (Ixodes ricinus) Collected in a European City Park. 68. pp. 4559-66. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.9.4559-4566.2002. PMC 124077. PMID 12200314. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC124077/.  ^ Aharon Oren, George M Garrity (01 September 2019). “List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69 (9): 2627-2629. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003624.  ^ a b Weiss E, Moulder JW. Genus I (1984). “Rickettsia da Rocha-Lima 1916, 567AL (Nom. gen. cons. Opin 19, Jud. Comm. 1958, 158)”. In Krieg NR, Holt JG. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1. The Williams & Wilkins Co.(米ボルチモア). pp. 688-698  ^ “Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 34 (3): 355-357. (01 July 1984). doi:10.1099/00207713-34-3-355.  ^ Lackman DB, Bell EJ, Stoenner HG, Pickens EG (1965). “THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER GROUP OF RICKETTSIAS”. Health Lab Sci. 2: 135-141. PMID 14318051.  ^ MARK L. NIEBYLSKI, MERRY E. SCHRUMPF, WILLY BURGDORFER, ELIZABETH R. FISCHER, KENNETH L. GAGE, TOM G. SCHWAN (01 January 1997). “Rickettsia peacockii sp. nov., a New Species Infecting Wood Ticks, Dermacentor andersoni, in Western Montana”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 47 (2): 446-52. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-446. PMID 9103635.  ^ Da Rocha-Lima H (1916). “Zur Aetiologie des Fleckfiebers”. Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift 53: 567-569.  ^ “Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 38 (2): 220-222. (01 April 1988). doi:10.1099/00207713-38-2-220.  ^ Brumpt E (1922). Précis de Parasitologie, 3rd ed. Masson et Cie (パリ)  ^ Zdrodovskii PF (1948). “Rickettsiae and rickettsioses”. Academy of Medical Science (モスクワ)  ^ ZUZANA SEKEYOVÁ, VÉRONIQUE ROUX, WENBIN XU, JOSEF ŘEHÁČEK, DIDIER RAOULT (01 October 1998). “Note: Rickettsia slovaca sp. nov., a member of the spotted fever group rickettsiae”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 48 (4): 1455-62. doi:10.1099/00207713-48-4-1455. PMID 9828449.  ^ Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Nobuhiro Takada, Hiromi Fujita, Didier Raoult (01 July 2006). “Rickettsia tamurae sp. nov., isolated from Amblyomma testudinarium ticks”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56 (7): 1673-1675. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64134-0. PMID 16825648.  ^ “Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 56, part 7, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56 (10): 2251-2252. (01 October 2006). doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64719-0.  ^ David T. Gauthier, Sandor E. Karpathy, Stephanie L. Grizzard, Dhwani Batra, Lori A. Rowe, Christopher D. Paddock (02 July 2021). “Characterization of a novel transitional group Rickettsia species (Rickettsia tillamookensis sp. nov.) from the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 71 (7). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004880.  ^ Aharon Oren, George M Garrity (29 October 2021). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 71, part 7 of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 71 (10): 5006. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005006.  ^ Wolbach SB, Todd JL (1920). “Note sur l'étiologie et l'anatomie pathologique du typhus exanthématique au Mexique”. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (パリ) 34: 153-158.  ^ Philip CB (1943). “Nomenclature of the pathogenic rickettsiae”. American Journal of Hygiene 37: 301-309.  ^ Jean P. Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte. “Genus Rickettsia”. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. 2023年3月26日閲覧。 ウィキメディア・コモンズには、リケッチアに関連するメディアがあります。 お役立ち情報 リケッチア感染症 厚生労働省検疫所 FORTH(For Travelers Health) 笠原四郎、「日本ウイルス学会25周年記念 その1」 『ウイルス』 1978年 28巻 Special号 p.1-13, doi:10.2222/jsv.28.Special_1, 日本ウィルス学会 ツツガムシ病 - MSDマニュアル プロフェッショナル版《「ツツガムシ病」はリケッチア感染症の関連疾患の一つ》 『つつが虫病』 - 日本感染症学会と感染症シリーズ映画製作委員会の企画の下でヨネ・プロダクションが制作した短編映画。『科学映像館』より 表示 編集 表示 編集