グリシンtRNAリガーゼ

グリシンtRNAリガーゼ(Glycine—tRNA ligase、EC 6.1.1.14)は、酵素である。ヒトでは、GARS遺伝子によってコードされる。この酵素はリガーゼに分類され、特にアミノアシルtRNAと関連化合物に炭素-酸素結合を形成する。系統名はグリシン:tRNAGlyリガーゼ(AMP生成)(Glycine:tRNAGly ligase (AMP-forming))である。グリシルtRNAシンテターゼ(Glycyl-tRNA synthetase)、グリシルトランスラーゼ(Glycyl translase)等とも呼ばれる。 グリシンtRNAリガーゼは、tRNAを関連するアミノ酸と結合させるアミノアシルtRNA合成酵素の一種である。酵素はα2二量体を形成し、II型のtRNA合成酵素である。 グリシンtRNAリガーゼは、以下の化学反応を触媒する酵素である。 ATP + グリシン + tRNAGly ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } AMP + 二リン酸 + グリシルtRNAGly 従って、この酵素は、ATPとグリシンとtRNAGlyの3つの基質、AMPと二リン酸とグリシルtRNAGlyの3つの生成物を持つ。 この酵素は、グリシン、セリン、トレオニンの代謝、アミノアシルtRNAの生合成に関与する。 グリシンtRNAリガーゼは、EEF1Dとタンパク質間相互作用することが示されている。 この酵素は、多発性筋炎、皮膚筋炎等のヒト自己免疫疾患の自己抗原のターゲットとなっていることが示されている。 ^ Nichols RC, Pai SI, Ge Q, Targoff IN, Plotz PH, Liu P (Apr 1996). “Localization of two human autoantigen genes by PCR screening and in situ hybridization--glycyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 7p15 and alanyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 16q22”. Genomics 30 (1): 131–2. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.0028. 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