スフィンゴモナス科

スフィンゴモナス科（ーか、Sphingomonadaceae）は真正細菌プロテオバクテリア門アルファプロテオバクテリア綱スフィンゴモナス目の科の一つである。 グラム陰性細菌である。重要の特徴は、細胞壁の外層にスフィンゴ脂質、主に2'-ヒドロキシミリストル ジヒドロスフィンゴシン 1-グルクロン酸（SGL-1）が存在することである。多形性であり他の形状を示すことがあり、時間の経過とともにその形状を変化させる。いくつかの種は、バイオフィルムの主要な形成者である。 スフィンゴモナス科のほとんどの種は従属栄養性であるが、一部は光栄養性である スフィンゴモナス科のいくつかの種は、ある種の芳香族化合物を分解することが知られており、バイオレメディエーションといった環境浄化技術に利用できないか研究されている。 スフィンゴモナス科細菌の属、スフィンゴビウム属、ノボスフィンゴビウム属、スフィンゴピクシス属などは多様な代謝能力を持つ故に、ビスフェノールAの存在下に適応し、生存することができる。スフィンゴモナス科のメンバーが豊富に存在する微生物群集は、ビスフェノールAを一定の速度で分解する。 一部のスフィンゴモナス属菌種は、特定の粘度を持つ一種の細胞外多糖であるスフィンガンを合成できる。この特性の為にスフィンガンは食品や医薬品といった産業に利用することができる。 スフィンゴモナス科細菌は様々な環境、例えば水圏、土壌 及び沈澱土砂に分布する。 現在の分類体系はList of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclatureに従い、下記の系統樹は全ゲノム解析結果に基づく。 スフィンゴモナス科のいくつかの種は、人間に関わりのある環境、飲料用水道、病院及び家庭の水道、並びに医療器具などに一般的に存在する。 スフィンゴモナス科の種のほとんどは人間や植物に対して有害ではないとされている。いくつかの種は病原体は、Thielaviopsis basicola（レタス黒根病菌）やRhizoctonia solani（テンサイ根腐病菌）といった病原体から植物を防護することがある。 スフィンゴモナス属（Sphingomonas）とスフィンゴビウム属（Sphingobium）は、ノボスフィンゴビウム属（Novosphingobium）、スフィンゴピクシス属（Sphingopyxis）及びブラストモナス属（Blastomonas）と比べて抗微生物薬耐性はより高い傾向にある。  ^ Aestuariisphingobium属、Aquisediminimonas属、Chakrabartia属、Parablastomonas属及びSphingosinithalassobacter属はこの系統樹に記載していない [脚注の使い方] ^ Yoshimasa Kosako, Eiko Yabuuchi, Takashi Naka, Nagatoshi Fujiwara, Kazuo Kobayashi (14 November 2013). “Proposal of Sphingomonadaceae Fam. Nov., Consisting of Sphingomonas Yabuuchi et al. 1990, Erythrobacter Shiba and Shimidu 1982, Erythromicrobium Yurkov et al. 1994, Porphyrobacter Fuerst et al. 1993, Zymomonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936, and Sandaracinobacter Yurkov et al. 1997, with the Type Genus Sphingomonas Yabuuchi et al. 1990”. Microbiology and Immunology 44 (7). doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02535.x.  ^ “Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM.”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50 (6): 1953. (01 November 2000). doi:10.1099/00207713-50-6-1953.  ^ a b Eiko Yabuuchi, Ikuya Yano, Hiroshi Oyaizu, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Takayuki Ezaki, Hiroyuki Yamamoto (February 1990). “Proposals of Sphingomonas paucimobilis gen. nov. and comb. nov., Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis sp. nov., Sphingomonas yanoikuyae sp. nov., Sphingomonas adhaesiva sp. nov., Sphingomonas capsulata comb, nov., and Two Genospecies of the Genus Sphingomonas”. Microbiology and Immunology 34 (2): 99-119. doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1990.tb00996.x.  ^ a b “Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 40 (3): 320-321. (01 July 1990). doi:10.1099/00207713-40-3-320.  ^ M. Takeuchi, F. Kawai, Y. Shimada, A. Yokota (July 1993). “Taxonomic Study of Polyethylene Glycol-Utilizing Bacteria: Emended Description of the Genus Sphingomonas and New Descriptions of Sphingomonas macrogoltabidus sp. nov., Sphingomonas sanguis sp. nov. and Sphingomonas terrae sp. nov.”. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 16 (2): 227-238. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80473-X.  ^ a b Guang-Da Feng, Song-Zhen Yang, Xiong Xiong, Hua-Ping Li, Hong-Hui Zhu (01 July 201). “Sphingomonas spermidinifaciens sp. nov., a novel bacterium containing spermidine as the major polyamine, isolated from an abandoned lead–zinc mine and emended descriptions of the genus Sphingomonas and the species Sphingomonas yantingensis and Sphingomonas japonica”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (7): 2160-2165. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001905. PMID 28691655.  ^ a b Aharon Oren, George Garrity (01 October 2017). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 67, part 7, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (10): 3689-3691. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.002285.  ^ a b Hördt, Anton; López, Marina García; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Schleuning, Marcel; Weinhold, Lisa-Maria; Tindall, Brian J.; Gronow, Sabine; Kyrpides, Nikos C. et al. (7 April 2020). “Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria”. Frontiers in Microbiology 11: 468. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468. PMC 7179689. PMID 32373076. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7179689/.  ^ Aharon Oren and George Garrity (30 July 2020). “List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (7): 4043-4049. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004244.  ^ a b “Description of novel members of the family Sphingomonadaceae: Aquisediminimonas profunda gen. nov., sp. nov., and Aquisediminimonas sediminicola sp. nov., isolated from freshwater sediment” (英語). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69 (8): 2179–2186. (2019-08-01). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003347. PMID 31204973.  ^ a b Aharon Oren and George Garrity (01 November 2019). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 69, part 8 of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69 (11): 3315-3317. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003692.  ^ L. I. SLY and MARIAN M. CAHILL (01 January 1997). “Transfer of Blastobacter natatorius (Sly 1985) to the Genus Blastomonas gen. nov. as Blastomonas natatoria comb. nov.”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 47 (2): 566-8. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-566. PMID 9103650.  ^ “Notification that New Names and New Combinations Have Appeared in Volume 47, No. 2, of the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 47 (3): 917-919. (01 July 1997). doi:10.1099/00207713-47-3-917.  ^ Kunal Jani, Guang-Da Feng, Hong-Hui Zhu, Om Prakash, Jayashree Bandal, Vinay Rale, Yogesh Shouche, Avinash Sharma (01 August 2019). “Chakrabartia godavariana gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Sphingomonadaceae isolated from the Godavari River, India”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69 (8): 2452-2458. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003512. PMID 31166165.  ^ Guillaume Tahon, Duygu Gök, Liesbeth Lebbe, Anne Willems (November 2021). “Description and functional testing of four species of the novel phototrophic genus Chioneia gen. nov., isolated from different East Antarctic environments”. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 44 (6): 126250. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126250. PMID 34592543.  ^ Aharon Oren and George Garrity (02 February 2022). “Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM. Validation List no. 203”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 72 (1): 5167. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005167.  ^ Tamás Felföldi, Anita Vengring, Károly Márialigeti, Judit András1, Peter Schumann and Erika M. Tóth (01 March 2014). “Hephaestia caeni gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Sphingomonadaceae isolated from activated sludge”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64 (Pt_3): 738-744. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.053736-0. PMID 24198054.  ^ Aharon Oren and George Garrity (01 June 2014). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 64, part 3, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64 (Pt_6): 1827-1829. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.064519-0.  ^ a b Guang-Da Feng, Xian-Jiao Zhang, Song-Zhen Yang, An-Zhang Li, Qing Yao and Honghui Zhu (03 February 2020). “Transfer of Sphingorhabdus marina, Sphingorhabdus litoris, Sphingorhabdus flavimaris and Sphingorhabdus pacifica corrig. into the novel genus Parasphingorhabdus gen. nov. and Sphingopyxis baekryungensis into the novel genus Novosphingopyxis gen. nov. within the family Sphingomonadaceae”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (3): 2147-2154. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004033. PMID 32011975.  ^ a b Aharon Oren and George Garrity (30 June 2020). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 70, part 3 of the IJSEM”. 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International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62 (Pt_9): 2224-2228. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.034033-0. PMID 22081711.  ^ “Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 62, part 9, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62 (Pt_12): 2813-2814. (01 December 2012). doi:10.1099/ijs.0.048603-0.  ^ a b Isolde M. Francis, Kenneth N. Jochimsen, Paul De Vos and Ariena H. C. van Bruggen (01 April 2014). “Reclassification of rhizosphere bacteria including strains causing corky root of lettuce and proposal of Rhizorhapis suberifaciens gen. nov., comb. nov., Sphingobium mellinum sp. nov., Sphingobium xanthum sp. nov. and Rhizorhabdus argentea gen. nov., sp. nov.”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64 (Pt_4): 1340-1350. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.058909-0. 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