HEATリピート

HEATリピート（ひーとりぴーと：HEAT repeats）は、多くのタンパク質に見られるリピート配列（構造）のひとつ。ひとつのユニットは、30-40アミノ酸残基からなり、2本の両親媒性ヘリックスが折り畳まれた構造をつくる。このユニットが数十回繰り返されると、弾力性に富むソレノイド状構造を形成する。 HEATの名前は、このリピート配列を共有する代表的な4つのタンパク質の頭文字に由来する：Huntingtin (ハンチントン病の責任タンパク質ハンチンチン), Elongation factor 3 (EF3)（タンパク質合成伸長因子）, Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) A subunit（プロテインホスファターゼ2AのAサブユニット) , TOR1 (target of rapamycin)（シグナル伝達に関わるタンパク質キナーゼ）。 HEATリピートタンパク質の代表例として知られているものには、核-細胞質間輸送因子インポーチンβ (karyopherin βとも呼ばれる) ファミリー、コンデンシンやコヒーシンの制御サブユニット、セパレース、ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) やATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related)を含むPIKKs (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases)、微小管結合タンパク質XMAP215/Dis1/TOGとCLASPなどがある。このようにHEATリピートをもつタンパク質の細胞内機能は多彩である。 これまでに、構造が解かれているHEATリピートタンパク質には以下のものがある。 タンパク質修飾・分解 PP2AのAサブユニットとホロ酵素 SCFユビキチンリガーゼ複合体の基質識別サブユニットとの複合体形成を阻害するCand1 26Sプロテアソームの分子集合に関わるシャペロンHsm3 核-細胞質間輸送 インポーチンβ エクスポーチンCse1 トランスポーチン１ ヌクレオポリンGle1; Nup188; Nup192 転写制御 基本転写因子TFIIDのTAF6サブユニット TBP制御因子Mot1（Modifier of transcription 1） 転写開始因子Rrn3 翻訳制御 翻訳伸長因子eEF3 翻訳開始因子eIF4G アミノアシルtRNAの受け渡しを行うCex1p DNA修復 DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase) ファンコーニ貧血原因タンパク質FANCF (FANCF) 損傷DNA結合活性を有するAlkD (Alkylpurin DNA glycosylase) PIKKsのコシャペロンとして働くTel2 染色体制御 コヒーシンサブユニットSA2/Scc3 コヒーシンローディング因子Scc2 コヒーシンローディング因子NIPBL/Mis4 + コヒーシンサブユニットSTAG1/Psm3 コヒーシン動態制御因子Wapl コヒーシン動態制御因子Pds5 コヒーシンローディング因子Scc2 コヒーシン切断因子Separase コンデンシンサブユニットCAP-G/ycg1 コンデンシンサブユニットCAP-D2/ycs4 細胞骨格制御 微小管結合タンパク質TOG/Stu2 細胞増殖制御 TOR (target of rapamycin) その他 API5 (Apoptosis inhibitor 5) V型ATPaseのHサブユニット 全身性エリテマトーデスの免疫応答の自己抗原Ro 細胞質ポリアデニル複合体symplekin 癌抑制遺伝子Tsc1 COP9シグナロソームのサブユニット7（CSN7） PI4キナーゼStt4複合体のサブユニットEFR3 レンズ上皮由来増殖因子LEDGFのIBD (HIV-1 integrase binding domain) HEATリピートと類似の構造をもつリピート配列として、アルマジロリピート（Armadillo [ARM] repeat）、やPUFリピート（Pumilio/fem-3 mRNA binding factor [PUF] repeat）がある。 [脚注の使い方] ^ a b Cingolani G, Petosa C, Weis K, Müller CW (1999). “Structure of importin-beta bound to the IBB domain of importin-alpha”. 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