モラクセラ

モラクセラ属（Moraxella）は、Pseudomonadota門ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱シュードモナス目モラクセラ科に分類される真正細菌の属の一つである。グラム陰性球菌であり、ヒトや動物の口腔・上気道・性器の粘膜における常在菌である。 呼吸器感染症ではモラクセラ・カタラーリス（Moraxella catarrhalis）が主である。成人市中肺炎の起炎菌としてはしばしば検出される。β-ラクタマーゼ産生菌がほとんどであり、治療に際しては抗生物質の選択に留意する必要がある。アモキシシリン/クラブラン酸合剤、ST合剤、経口第2世代又は第3世代セフェム系、アジスロマイシン、クラリスロマイシン、フルオロキノロン系が推奨される。 モラクセラ・オスロエンシス（Moraxella osloensis）は洗濯物の部屋干しの際に発生する悪臭の原因菌であることが同定された。この菌は、増殖する際に雑巾のような悪臭を発生する4-メチル-3-ヘキセン酸という物質を作る。 ^ a b c André Michel Lwoff (1939). Révision et démembrement des Hemophilae, le genre Moraxella nov. gen. Annales de. 62. Paris: Institut Pasteur. pp. 168-176.  ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m V. B. D. Skerman, Vicki McGowan and P. H. A. Sneath (01 January 1980). “Approved Lists of Bacterial Names”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225.  ^ B. WESLEY CATLIN (01 April 1970). “Transfer of the Organism Named Neisseria Catarrhalis to Branhamella Gen. Nov”. 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HENRIKSEN (01 April 1967). “A new Moraxella species, Moraxella osloensis, and a revised description of Moraxella nonliquefaciens”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology: 127-135. doi:10.1099/00207713-17-2-127.  ^ K. Lindqvist (Mar-Apr 1960). “A Neisseria species associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis of sheep--Neisseria ovis Nov. Spec”. Journal of Infectious Diseases 106: 162-5. doi:10.1093/infdis/106.2.162. PMID 14417198.  ^ A. I. Vela, E. Arroyo, V. Aragón, C. Sánchez-Porro, M. V. Latre, M. Cerdà-Cuéllar, A. Ventosa, L. Domínguez, J. F. Fernández-Garayzábal (01 April 2009). “Moraxella pluranimalium sp. nov., isolated from animal specimens”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology: 671-4. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.006205-0. PMID 19329585.  ^ “Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 59, part 4, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology: 1557-8. (01 July 2009). doi:10.1099/ijs.0.016014-0.  ^ A. I. Vela, C. Sánchez-Porro, V. Aragón, A. Olvera, L. Domínguez, A. Ventosa, J. F. Fernández-Garayzábal (01 October 2010). “Moraxella porci sp. nov., isolated from pigs”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology: 2446-2450. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.016626-0. PMID 19946050.  ^ “Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 60, part 10, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology: 4-5. (01 January 2011). doi:10.1099/ijs.0.030312-0.  ^ Flamm H. (1956). “Moraxella saccharolytica (sp. n.) aus dem Liquor eines Kindes mit Meningitis”. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung I 166: 498-502.  ^ Jean P. Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte. “Genus Moraxella”. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. 2024年6月22日閲覧。 ^ 『洗濯後に発生する衣類の悪臭の原因菌を解明 -モラクセラ菌が衣類に残り、雑巾様臭を発生-』（プレスリリース）花王株式会社、2011年5月26日。http://www.kao.com/jp/corp_news/2011/20110526_001.html。2011年6月21日閲覧。  牛伝染性角結膜炎 - Moraxella bovis感染を原因とするウシの感染症。