カリオフィレン

カリオフィレン (Caryophyllene, [ˌkærioʊfɪˈliːn])、あるいは (−)-β-caryophylleneは、多くの精油の成分の天然の二環式のセスキテルペンで、特にチョウジノキ（Syzygium aromaticum、クローブ）の茎や花から採れるクローブオイル、アサ (Cannabis sativa)、ローズマリー、ホップに含まれる。通常、イソカリオフィレン（シス型二重結合異性体）やα-フムレン（別名α-カリオフィレン）と混合して含まれる。 カリオフィレンオキシドという、カリオフィレンのオレフィンがエポキシドとなったものは、探知犬が大麻を特定する原因となる成分であり、承認された食品香料でもある。 精油中のカリオフィレンのおよその量は括弧内に示す。 アサ、ヘンプ、大麻 (Cannabis sativa) [大麻花精油（英語版）の3.8–37.5%] 黒キャラウェイ (Carum nigrum) [7.8%] チョウジノキ (Syzygium aromaticum) [[[クローブオイル|クローブ花精油]]1.7–19,5%] ホップ (Humulus lupulus) [5.1–14.5%] バジル (Ocimum spp.) [5.3–10.5% O. gratissimum; 4.0–19.8% O. micranthum] オレガノ (Origanum vulgare) [4.9–15.7%] 黒胡椒 (Piper nigrum) [7.29%] ラベンダー (Lavandula angustifolia) [ラベンダーオイル（英語版）の4.62–7.55%] ローズマリー (Rosmarinus officinalis) [0.1–8.3%] セイロンニッケイ (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) [6.9–11.1%] マラバトラム（英語版） (Cinnamomum tamala) [25.3%] イランイラン (Cananga odorata) [3.1–10.7%] コパイバ（英語版）油 (Copaifera spp.) カリオフィレンは、ラットでカンナビノイド受容体タイプ2（英語版）（CB2受容体）の選択的作動薬であり大麻類似の抗炎症作用がある。 ^ SciFinder Record, CAS Registry Number 87-44-5 ^ Baker, Richard R. 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