PABPC1

PABPC1（poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1）もしくはPABP1は、ヒトではPABPC1遺伝子にコードされるタンパク質である。PABPC1はmRNAに結合し、核内外への輸送、分解、翻訳、安定性などさまざまな機能を促進する。ポリ(A)結合タンパク質には主に核内に位置するもの（PABPN1（英語版））と細胞質に位置するもの（PABPC、単にPABPと呼ぶときにはこちらを指すことが多い）が存在し、PABPC1は後者に属する。PABPC1はその位置によって、役割やRNAとの機能が変化する。 ポリ(A)結合タンパク質（PABまたはPABP）は真核生物のmRNAの3'末端のポリ(A)テールに複合体を形成しており、ポリ(A)鎖の伸長と翻訳の終結に必要なタンパク質である。PABPC1はPABPファミリーの一部を構成している。 PABPC1は通常は細胞質内に拡散して存在しており、ストレス顆粒（英語版）、P-body（英語版）、翻訳活性の高い部位など、mRNAが高濃度で存在する部位に濃縮されている。PABPC1はNMDとも関係している。PABPC1はポリ(A)テールやeIF4G（英語版）と相互作用し、環状化したmRNAを安定化している。この構造はNMDを介したmRNA分解を防ぐために必要である。 PABPC1は核内ではpre-mRNAのポリ(A)テールに結合し、安定性、核外搬出、輸送、分解を促進している。PABPC1は4つのRNA認識モチーフ（RRM）を持つ。最初の2つ（RRM1とRRM2）は、α-インポーチンと、プロセシングされたmRNAの双方に結合する。この結合は、mRNAが核内へ送り返されることを防いでいる。 PABPC1は次に挙げる因子と相互作用することが示されている。 ANAPC5（英語版） CNOT7（英語版） EIF4G1（英語版） EIF4G3（英語版） GSPT2（英語版） PAIP1（英語版） PAIP2（英語版） ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000070756 - Ensembl, May 2017 ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022283 - Ensembl, May 2017 ^ Human PubMed Reference: ^ Mouse PubMed Reference: ^ “Human mRNA polyadenylate binding protein: evolutionary conservation of a nucleic acid binding motif”. 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