エスケリキア属

エスケリキア属又はエシェリキア属又はエシェリヒア属（Escherichia)は真正細菌Pseudomonadota門アルファプロテオバクテリア綱エンテロバクター目エンテロバクター科の属の一つである。別名大腸菌属とも呼ばれる。属名は大腸菌の発見者であるテオドール・エシェリヒ（Theodor Escherich）に因む。 グラム陰性、通性嫌気性で芽胞を形成しない周毛性鞭毛を持つ桿菌で、運動性を示すものと示さないものに分かれる。恒温動物の腸管に常在し、病原性を示すものもあるがビタミンを合成する有益な性質も持つ。 GC含量は48から52でβガラクトース、インドール、ムコン酸、酒石酸を代謝し、混合酸醗酵を行う。この属の中では大腸菌が特に詳しく調べられ、生命工学に利用されている。サルモネラ属とは遺伝的に近縁関係であるが、代謝の違いによって判別することが出来る。また、シゲラ属(赤痢菌)とはDNA-DNA分子交雑法による判別が不可能なほど近い関係にある。 Brock 『微生物学』 (2003年) ^ Castellani A, Chalmers AJ (1919). Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd ed. Williams Wood and Co., New York.  ^ a b c V. B. D. Skerman, Vicki McGowan and P. H. A. Sneath (01 January 1980). “Approved Lists of Bacterial Names”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 30. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225.  ^ a b Migula W. (1895). “Bacteriaceae (Stabchenbacterien)”. In Engler A, Prantl K. Die Naturlichen Pfanzenfamilien, Teil I, Abteilung Ia, W. Engelmann, Leipzig. pp. 20-30  ^ a b Castellani A, Chalmers AJ (1919). Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd ed.. Williams Wood and Co., New York  ^ Hiroyuki Hata, Tatsuya Natori, Takuya Mizuno, Izumi Kanazawa, Ibrahim Eldesouky, Masahiro Hayashi, Machiko Miyata, Hajime Fukunaga, Shoko Ohji, Akira Hosoyama, Eiji Aono, Atsushi Yamazoe, Keiko Tsuchikane, Nobuyuki Fujita, Takayuki Ezaki (11 March 2016). “Phylogenetics of family Enterobacteriaceae and proposal to reclassify Escherichia hermannii and Salmonella subterranea as Atlantibacter hermannii and Atlantibacter subterranea gen. nov., comb. nov.”. Microbiology and Immunology 60 (5): 303-311. doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12374. PMID 26970508.  ^ Geert Huys, Margo Cnockaert, J. Michael Janda and Jean Swings (01 May 2003). “Escherichia albertii sp. nov., a diarrhoeagenic species isolated from stool specimens of Bangladeshi children”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53 (3): 807-810. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02475-0. PMID 12807204.  ^ “Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 53, part 3, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53 (5). (01 September 2003). doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02905-0.  ^ J J Farmer, 3rd, G R Fanning, B R Davis, C M O'Hara, C Riddle, F W Hickman-Brenner, M A Asbury, V A Lowery, 3rd, D J Brenner. “Escherichia fergusonii and Enterobacter taylorae, two new species of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens”. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 21 (1): 77-81. doi:10.1128/jcm.21.1.77-81.1985. PMC 271579. PMID 3968204. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC271579/.  ^ “Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB: List No. 17”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 35 (2): 223-225. (01 April 1985). doi:10.1099/00207713-35-2-223.  ^ D J Brenner, B R Davis, A G Steigerwalt, C F Riddle, A C McWhorter, S D Allen, J J Farmer, 3rd, Y Saitoh, G R Fanning (1 April 1982). “Atypical biogroups of Escherichia coli found in clinical specimens and description of Escherichia hermannii sp. nov”. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 15 (4): 703-13. doi:10.1128/jcm.15.4.703-713.1982. PMC 272169. PMID 7040466. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC272169/.  ^ “Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB: List No. 10”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 33 (2): 438-440. (01 April 1983). doi:10.1099/00207713-33-2-438.  ^ Sha Liu, Dong Jin, Ruiting Lan, Yiting Wang, Qiong Meng, Hang Dai, Shan Lu, Shoukui Hu and Jianguo Xu (01 July 2015). “Escherichia marmotae sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Marmota himalayana”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65 (Pt_7): 2130-2134. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000228. PMID 25851592.  ^ Aharon Oren and George M. Garrity (01 October 2015). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 65, part 7, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65 (Pt_10): 3233-3234.  ^ Boas C. L. van der Putten, S. Matamoros, D. R. Mende, E. R. Scholl, COMBAT consortium and C. Schultsz (06 January 2021). “Escherichia ruysiae sp. nov., a novel Gram-stain-negative bacterium, isolated from a faecal sample of an international traveller”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 71 (2): 4609. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004609. PMC 8346766. PMID 33406029. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8346766/.  ^ Aharon Oren and George M. Garrity (02 June 2021). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 71, part 2 of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 71 (5): 4766. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004766.  ^ Jean P. Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte. “Genus Escherichia”. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. 2024年6月23日閲覧。