環境淘汰

環境淘汰は、生物に作用する進化のメカニズムであり、性淘汰を含まないため、無性淘汰とも呼ばれる 。 すべての生物は、環境が選択圧を及ぼす遺伝子プールの保管場所であり、この圧力はふるいのように機能し、環境により適した遺伝子プールを保管する生物はより多く繁殖するが、不適切なプールを持つ生物はより少なく繁殖し、個体群の異なる繁殖を引き起こす。それはより多数の繁殖を促進する環境であり、一部の個体の繁殖数の拡大と他の個体の繁殖数の収縮を促進する。 環境淘汰は、配偶者の選択がほとんどまたはまったくない場合、交配に関係なく集団のすべての形質が等しく繁殖する場合、および種が雌雄同体または無性生殖である場合に最大に機能する。 ^ Darwin, Charles & Huxley, Julian (2003). The Origin of Species. Signet Classics. ISBN 0-451-52906-5. ^ Andersson, M (1995). Sexual Selection. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00057-3 Bongaerts P, Riginos C, Ridgway T, Sampayo EM, van Oppen MJH, et al. (2010) Genetic Divergence across Habitats in the Widespread Coral Seriatopora hystrix and Its Associated Symbiodinium. PLoS ONE 5(5): e10871. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010871 Rundle HD & Schluter D (2004). Natural Selection and Ecological Speciation in Sticklebacks. In: Adaptive Speciation, eds. Dieckmann U, Doebeli M, Metz JAJ & Tautz D, pp. 192–209. Cambridge University Press. c International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis J. L. GOW, C.L. PEICHEL, E.B. TAYLOR (2007) Ecological selection against hybrids in natural populations of sympatric threespine sticklebacks J.EVOL.BIOL. 20(2007)2173–2180 doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01427.x Cécile Edelist, Christian Lexer, Christine Dillmann, Delphine Sicard e Loren H. Rieseberg, Microsatellite signature of ecological selection for salt tolerance in a wild sunflower hybrid species, Helianthus paradoxus: SELECTIVE SWEEPS NEAR THREE SURVIVORSHIP QTLs, in Molecular Ecology, vol. 15, n. 14, 14 novembre 2006, pp. 4623–4634, DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03112.x, PMC PMC2442927, PMID 17107488. LUCY MARGARET APLIN, ANDREW COCKBURN (2011) Ecological selection and sexual dimorphism in the sooty oystercatcher, Haematopus fuliginosus Austral Ecology Volume 37, Issue 2, pages 248–257, April 2012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02263.x Colin P. Osborne, Robert P. Freckleton (2009) Ecological selection pressures for C4 photosynthesis in the grasses Proc.R.Soc.B(2009)276,1753–1760 doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1762 Sambatti, J. B. M., Ortiz-Barrientos, D., Baack, E. J. and Rieseberg, L. H. (2008) Ecological selection maintains cytonuclear incompatibilities in hybridizing sunflowers. Ecology Letters, 11 10: 1082-1091. ISSN 1461-023X;1461-0248 G. S. van Doorn, F. J. Weissing (2005) Ecological versus Sexual Selection Models of Sympatric Speciation: A Synthesis ISSN 1585-1931 (Print) 1588-287X (Online) DOI:10.1556/Select.2.2001.1-2.3 G. Sander van Doorn, Pim Edelaar, and Franz. J. Weissing. (2009) On the Origin of Species by Natural and Sexual Selection. Science; DOI: 10.1126/science.1181661 Schluter (2009) Evidence for Ecological Speciation and Its Alternative Science 6 February: 737-741.DOI:10.1126/science.1160006 S. M. Vamosi, T. Hatfield, D. Schluter (2000) A test of ecological selection against young-of-the-year hybrids of sympatric sticklebacks Journal of Fish Biology Volume 57, Issue 1, pages 109–121, July 2000 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00779.x Gow JL, Peichel CL, Taylor EB. (2007) Ecological selection against hybrids in natural populations of sympatric threespine sticklebacks. J Evol Biol. 2007 Nov;20(6):2173-80. Epub 2007 Sep 20. PMID 17887972 進化 自然選択説 人為選択 性淘汰 集団遺伝学