ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱

ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱（ガンマプロテオバクテリアこう、Gammaproteobacteria）とは真正細菌Pseudomonadota門における綱の一つである。この綱の細菌はグラム陰性である。重要な病原菌を多く含む。 ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱には医学的、人間社会にとって重要な細菌を多く含む。腸内細菌科（Enterobacteriaceae）、ビブリオ科（Vibrionaceae）、シュードモナス科（Pseudomonadaceae）などである。重要な病原菌にはサルモネラ（Salmonella spp.、腸炎や腸チフスの原因菌）やペスト菌（Yersinia pestis）、コレラ（Vibrio cholerae）、緑膿菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa、日和見感染による緑膿菌感染症）、大腸菌（Escherichia coli、食中毒）がいる。重要な植物病原菌にはXanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri（ミカン類潰瘍病）やPseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae（キウイ）、Xylella fastidiosaがいる。クロマチウム属（Chromatium）は光合成細菌であり、水の代わりに硫化水素を酸化し、硫黄を排出する。ガンマプロテオバクテリア綱の多くはメタン酸化細菌であり、一部は深海生物のチューブワームと共生している。 本綱に属する目を以下に列挙する(2024年7月現在)。 Acidiferrobacterales　アシディフェロバクター目 小島久弥 et al. 2015 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2016) Aeromonadales　エアロモナス目 Martin-Carnahan and Joseph 2005 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005) Alteromonadales　アルテロモナス目 Bowman and McMeekin 2005 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005) Arenicellales　アレニセラス目 寺本真紀 et al. 2015 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2015) Beggiatoales　ベギアトア目 Buchanan 1957 (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980) Cardiobacteriales　カルディオバクテリウム目 Garrity et al. 2005 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005) Cellvibrionales　セルビブリオ目 Spring et al. 2015 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2015) Chromatiales　クロマチウム目 Imhoff 2005 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005) Enterobacterales　エンテロバクター目 Adeolu et al. 2016 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2017) Immundisolibacterales Corteselli et al. 2017 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2017) Legionellales　レジオネラ目 Garrity et al. 2005 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005) Lysobacterales　ライソバクター目 Christensen and Cook 1978 (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980)、修正　Naushad et al. 2015 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2015) Methylococcales　メチロコックス目 Bowman 2005 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005) Nevskiales　ネブスキア目 Naushad et al. 2015 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2015) Oceanospirillales　オセアノスピリルム目 Garrity et al. 2005 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005) Orbales　オルバス目 Kwong and Moran 2013 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2013) Pasteurellales　パスツーレラ目 Garrity et al. 2005 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2005) Pseudomonadales　シュードモナス目（タイプ目） Orla-Jensen 1921 (IJSEMリストに掲載 1980)、修正　2020 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2021) Thiohalobacterales　チオハロバクター目 Sorokin and Merkel 2023 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2023) Thiohalorhabdales Sorokin and Merkel 2023 (IJSEMリストに掲載 2023) "Candidatus Comchoanobacterales" Needham et al. 2022 "Candidatus Competibacterales" Chuvochina et al. 2023 "Candidatus Foliamicales" Nguyen et al. 2023 "Candidatus Johnevansiales" Chuvochina et al. 2023 "Candidatus Porifericomitales" Nguyen et al. 2023 "Candidatus Porisulfidales" Nguyen et al. 2023 "Candidatus Rariloculales" Nguyen et al. 2023 "Candidatus Siderophilales" corrig. Corbera-Rubio et al. 2024 "Candidatus Spongiifermentales" Nguyen et al. 2023 "Candidatus Tethybacterales" Taylor et al. 2021 "Vibrionales"　ビブリオ目 Garrity and Holt 2001 以下に、2010年に作成されたガンマプロテオバクテリア綱の系統発生図を示す。 単系統ではないためシュードモナス目やオセアノスピリルム目、アルテロモナス目は科と属を示す。単系統の目は属のみを示す。 ^ Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. (2005). “Class III. Gammaproteobacteria class. nov.”. In Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria). New York: Springer. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-387-95040-2  ^ a b c d e f g h i “Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology: 2235-2238. (01 November 2005). doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64108-0.  ^ Migula W. (1894). “Arbeiten aus dem Bakteriologischen Institut der Technischen Hochschule zu Karlsruhe”. Über ein neues System der Bakterien 1: 235-238.  ^ a b c d V. B. 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List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. 2024年7月12日閲覧。 ^ Hisaya Kojima, Arisa Shinohara and Manabu Fukui (01 October 2015). “Sulfurifustis variabilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a sulfur oxidizer isolated from a lake, and proposal of Acidiferrobacteraceae fam. nov. and Acidiferrobacterales ord. nov.”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65 (Pt_10): 3709-3713. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000479. PMID 26220671.  ^ Aharon Oren and George M. Garrity (01 January 2016). “Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 65, part 10, of the IJSEM”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66 (1): 4-6. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000745.  ^ Martin-Carnahan A, Joseph SW (2005). “Order XII. Aeromonadales ord. nov.”. In Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part B (The Gammaproteobacteria). 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In Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria). Springer-Verlag, New York. pp. 119-166.  ^ Williams, K. P.; Gillespie, J. J.; Sobral, B. W. S.; Nordberg, E. K.; Snyder, E. E.; Shallom, J. M.; Dickerman, A. W. (2010). “Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria”. Journal of Bacteriology 192 (9): 2305–2314. doi:10.1128/JB.01480-09. PMC 2863478. PMID 20207755. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2863478/.  Gammaproteobacteria - MeSH・アメリカ国立医学図書館・生命科学用語シソーラス（英語）