ポルフィリアート

  メキシコ共和国 República Mexicana 国歌: Himno Nacional Mexicano（スペイン語） メキシコの国歌 ポルフィリアート（スペイン語: Porfiriato）は、1876年から1911年までポルフィリオ・ディアスが大統領として、メキシコを統治していた時期のことである。 この「ポルフィリアート」という用語は、メキシコの歴史家ダニエル・コシオ・ビジェガス（英語版）が生み出した。トゥクステペク綱領（英語版）で権力を掌握したディアスは大統領就任後、「秩序と進歩」を追求した政策を行い、良くも悪くもメキシコの経済、技術、社会、文化面に於いて大きな影響を与えた。 ディアスは1884年以来連続で選出され、80歳になった1910年当時のディアスは、後継者について考えていなかった。1910年の不正選挙が、ポルフィリアートの終焉と言われている。暴動が発生し、ディアスは大統領の辞任を余儀なくされ、スペインへと亡命したことで、約30年続いた独裁体制は崩壊した。 ^ Camp, Roderic Ai, "Porfiriato" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 4, p. 440. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996 ^ Cosío Villegas, Daniel (1955) (スペイン語). Historia Moderna de México. El porfiriato. La vida social [Modern History of Mexico. El Porfiriato, social life]. México: Editorial Hermes  ^ Speckman Guerra, Elisa (2011). “El Porfiriato” (スペイン語). Nueva historia mínima de México. El Colegio de México. p. 200. ISBN 978-968-12-1139-4    Agostoni, Claudia. Monuments of Progress: Modernization and Public Health in Mexico City, 1876-1910. Calgary: University of Calgary Press/University Press of Colorado 2003. ISBN 0-87081-734-5 Beezley, William H. Judas at the Jockey Club and Other Episodes of Porfirian Mexico. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 1987. Beezley, William H. "The Porfirian Smart Set Anticipates Thornstein Veblen in Guadalajara" in Wm.Beezley et al., Rituals of Rule, Rituals of Resistance. Wilmington DE: Scholarly Resources 1994. Buchenau, Jürgen. Tools of Progress: A German Merchant Family in Mexico City, 1865-Present. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2004. Buffington, Robert and William E. French. "The Culture of Modernity" in The Oxford History of Mexico, Michael C. Meyer and Wm. Beezley, eds. 397-432. New York: Oxford University Press 2000. Bunker, Steven B. Creating Mexican Consumer Culture in the Age of Porfirio Díaz. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2012. ISBN 978-0-8263-4454-0 Chowning, Margaret. "Culture Wars in the Trenches? Public Schools and Catholic Education in Mexico, 1867-1897". Hispanic American Historical Review 97:4 (Nov. 2017), pp. 613–650. Coatsworth, John H. Growth Against Development: The Economic Impact of Railroads in Porfirian Mexico. DeKalb: University of Northern Illinois Press 1981. Coatsworth, John H. "Obstacles to Economic Growth in Nineteenth-Century Mexico," American Historical Review vol. 83, No. 1 (Feb. 1978), pp. 80–100 Coever, Don M. The Porfirian Interregnum: The Presidency of Manuel González of Mexico, 1880-1884. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press 1981. Díaz, Maria Elena. "The Satiric Penny Press for Workers in Mexico, 1900–1910: A Case study in the Politicisation of Popular Culture." Journal of Latin American Studies 22, no. 3, (Oct. 1990): 497–526. Francois, Marie Eileen. A Culture of Everyday Credit: Housekeeping, Pawnbroking, and Governance in Mexico City, 1750-1920. 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