ブラジルにおける売春

ブラジルにおける売春は、合法であり、大人の売春を禁じる法律は存在しない。 しかし、売春宿を運営すること、または売春婦を別の方法で雇うことは違法である。 近年の信頼できる売春者の合計の概算書は存在しない。 1990年代の終わり発行された、国際性百科辞典（International Encyclopedia of Sexuality）によると、警察はブラジルにおける売春者の合計は100万人と見積もっている。 連邦警察の見積もりによると、25万人以上の子供が児童買春に巻き込まれているとしている。 近年に発行されたProtection Projectのレポートによると、さまざまな公式な資料と適合すると25万人から50万人の子供が売春の生活をしている。その他のブラジルの資料によると200万人位の子供が関わっている。 2002年、性労働者団体ダヴィダ（Davida）の圧力によりブラジルの労働局（Brazilian Ministry of Labor）は、性労働者（Sex worker）という言葉を公式に職業リストに追加した。 売春は取り締まられてはいない（健康診断の義務、許可の発行はおこなわれていない）。しかし町の売春者およびコールガールは政府の公式な年金に加入することができ、引退した時に手当が払われる。 政府のウェブサイトにおいて、性職業におけるブラジルの労働大臣（Brazil’s Labor and Employment Ministry Primer on Sex Professional）では売春について公式なアドバイスをしており、それには売春者になるためには、論争の資料 The government's website on prostitution Brazil’s Labor and Employment Ministry Primer on Sex Professional, offering advise for those who wish to became prostitutes, has been the source of controversy, with some accusing the government of encouraging prostitution. The site, among others, teaches prostitutes how to "get an encounter", advising them to "become visually appealing; wait in place (to wait for someone who didn't promise to come); seduce with the look; approach the customer; charm with the voice; seduce with affectionate nicknames; conquer with the touch; involve with perfume; offer the customer specialties; recognize the customer's potential; dance for the customer; dance with the customer; satisfy the customer's ego; praise the customer"[要出典] 2008年の終わり発行されたに政府による公式なレポートによると、 The press reported at the end of 2008 that a government official has announced that the site would be "toned down", following criticism by the media. The law professor Luiz Flavio Gomes has told the O Globo newspaper in its online edition that "What is on the site gives the impression of an apology for sexual exploitation." The job of a prostitute is called "Professional of sex" and is described as follows: "They [the prostitutes] work on their own initiative, in the street, in bars, night-clubs, hotels, harbor, highways and in garimpos (gold prospecting places). They act in different environments: open air, closed places and inside vehicles, in irregular schedules. In the exercise of some of their activities they can be exposed to vehicles gases, to bad weather, to sound pollution and to social discrimination. There are still risks of getting STD infections, bad-treatment, street violence and death." It is also stated that: "For the exercise of the profession is required that the workers take part in workshops on safe sex, offered by the category associations. Other complementary courses of professional formation, such as, beauty courses, personal care, budget planning, as well as vocational courses for alternative sources of income also are offered by the associations, in several states. Access to the career is open to those who are 18 or older; the average education is between fourth and seventh grade. Full performance of activities occurs after two years of experience."[要出典] リオ・デ・ジャネイロにおける最も売春宿があるのはカサ・ロサであり、国家的なランドマークや博物館などで One of the most famous brothels in Rio de Janeiro was the Casa Rosa, which some have advocated being made a national landmark or museum. 1998年の世論調査で人口の64パーセントが売春はインモラルで違法にするべきと思っており、29パーセントが他の 49パーセント（女性の64パーセント）は売春を好んでいるならやってもいいと思っている。 64% of the population (according to a 1998 poll) think prostitution is immoral and should be made illegal, 29% see it as a job as any other. Fifty nine percent (64% of women) believe that prostitutes do what they do because they like it. 緑の党の設立者であるフェルナンド・ガベイラは、 Fernando Gabeira founder of the Green Party has been a strong voice for sex workers' rights in Brazil and introduced legislation in Congress to recognise prostitution as a profession. The bill was defeated in 2007. Brazilian sex workers have campaigned for the repeal of laws criminalising the maintenance of whorehouses and pimping. Those offenses carry sentences from two to five years in prison. They demanded that they should pay social benefits and get all the privileges like any other worker. The National Network of Sex Professionals (Rede Brasileira de Prostitutas) was angry at the Beijing's (4th) International Conference on Women for their condemnation of prostitution. Their leader, ex-prostitute and sociologist Gabriela da Silva Leite, said that she had classes with sociologist Fernando Henrique Cardoso at Universidade de Săo Paulo, who later became Brazil's president. 2003年の見積もりによるとブラジルの6パーセントの売春者はHIVに感染しているとされている。 In 2003, it was estimated that about 6% of Brazilian prostitutes were infected with HIV. Because of information campaigns, condom use among prostitutes is high. アメリカの反HIV/エイズの基金はブラジルの政府への基金を2005年に4億ドルに減らした。アメリカ政府は The Brazilian government turned down $40 million in U.S. anti-HIV/AIDS funding in 2005, because the U.S. government required all recipients to sign an anti-prostitution pledge. Brazil's AIDS commissioner Pedro Chequer was quoted as saying "Sex workers are part of implementing our AIDS policy and deciding how to promote it. They are our partners. How could we ask prostitutes to take a position against themselves?" The Brazilian anti-AIDS program, which employs prostitutes to hand out information and free condoms, is considered by the United Nations to be the most successful in the developing world. ブラジルにおける児童買春は広範囲における重大な問題となっている。ブラジルはタイの次に児童買春の人身売買の数が多い。高い水準の貧困と国の不平等経済に絡んでいる。 ブラジルの政府は外国の旅行者が買春ツアーのためにブラジルに来ることに挫折している。 including child prostitution. The government of Brazil is working stringently to clamp down particularly at child prostitution. 沢山のブラジル人の買春者がアメリカの一部の地域、西ヨーロッパ（ポルトガル、スペイン、オランダ、イギリス）で見つかっている。 ブラジルへ買春観光（Sex tourism）に来る旅行者は至る所に存在する。しかし見かけ上は北東部、南部、南東部などの沿岸のリゾートタウン、主要な観光地であるリオ・デ・ジャネイロ、フォルタレザ、セアラー、そして野生動物保護区の観光地であるパンタナル、アマゾン熱帯雨林などに多く存在する。 2006年にブラジリア大学の研究によると1514人の観光客のうち4分の1が買春を目的に A 2006 University of Brasilia study found that approximately one-fourth of the 1,514 tourist destinations frequented by citizens had an active sexual commercial market for children and adolescents and also found, in combination with the SEDH and the UN Children's Fund, commercial sex involving children and adolescents in approximately one-sixth of the country's 5,561 municipalities. ブラジルの全ての場所で女性の人身売買が行われている。政府の報告によると人身売買の区域は全ての州と連邦地区で行われている。 National Research on Trafficking in Women, Children, and Adolescents for Sexual Exploitation Purposesによると241の国際的および国内の人身売買のルートが存在する。 The National Research on Trafficking in Women, Children, and Adolescents for Sexual Exploitation Purposes identified 241 international and national trafficking routes. Persons exploited in trafficking schemes typically come from low-income families and usually have not finished high school. ブラジルにおいて It is estimated that Brazil is responsible for 15% of women trafficked in South America, a great majority being from the North and the Northeast. ^ Brazil - Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2005, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (USA Department of State), (2006-03-08), http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61718.htm 2008年8月8日閲覧。  ^ a b Gabriela Silva Leite, PBS Online NewsHour, 13 July 2003 ^ Brazil, International Encyclopedia of Sexuality ^ a b http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/wha/136103.htm ^ “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年6月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年3月22日閲覧。 ^ Von der Sexarbeiterin zur Prostituierten, Lateinamerika Nachrichten, November 2005. （ドイツ語） ^ Rohter, Larry (2005年7月24日). “Prostitution Puts U.S. and Brazil at Odds on AIDS Policy”. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/24/international/americas/24brazil.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1 2010年5月22日閲覧。  ^ http://www.brazzil.com/component/content/article/169-july-2006/9649.html ^ a b “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2011年2月18日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年11月20日閲覧。 ^ http://www.metro.co.uk/news/world/378227-official-website-gives-tips-to-prostitutes ^ Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore. Brazzil June 2003 ^ RAPIDINHAS Brazzil February 1998 ^ Congress defeats Greens legalisation bill. Nov 8 2007 ^ Rede Brasileira de Prostitutas ^ [For a free body market Rapidinhas Brazzil Nov 1995] ^ Just Say Não, The Nation, 12 May 2005 ^ Where Prostitutes Also Fight AIDS, Washington Post, 2 March 2006 ^ “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年6月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年3月22日閲覧。 ^ de Oliveira, Selma B. (1995), Child prostitution on the rise in Brazil, International Child Resource Institute, http://pangaea.org/street_children/latin/prost.htm 2008年8月8日閲覧。  ^ Brazil maps child prostitution, BBC News, (2005-01-27), http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4212133.stm 2008年8月8日閲覧。  ^ Gentile, Carmen J. (2005-02-05), Brazil cracks down on child prostitution, San Francisco Chronicle, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/02/05/MNG0TB6KQV1.DTL 2008年8月8日閲覧。  ^ Brazil to fight sex tourism as Carnival nears, China Daily, (2004-02-12), http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-02/12/content_305401.htm 2008年8月8日閲覧。  ^ Brazil struggles to curb sex tourism, BBC News, (2004-12-02), http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4061325.stm 2008年8月8日閲覧。  ^ [1] ^ http://www.brazzillog.com/2004/html/articles/feb04/p107feb04.htm ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ブラジルにおける売春に関連するカテゴリがあります。 Prostitution Puts U.S. and Brazil at Odds on AIDS Policy Brazil and UNICEF Join to End Child Prostitution Brazil starts operation to curb 'sex tourism' Factbook on Global Sexual Exploitation[リンク切れ] Factors That Contribute to the Trafficking Infrastructure Pasini E. Sexo para quase todos: a prostituição feminina na Vila Mimosa (Sex for almost all: female prostitution in Vila Mimosa) Cadernos Pagu no.25 Campinas July/Dec. 2005 Brazilian Sex Workers Don’t Mourn, They Organize. Brazilmax October 19 2005 Want to Be a Prostitute? The Brazilian Government Can Teach You How. Brazzil July 2006 Memories of My Good Friend, a Brazilian Whore. Brazzil January 2006 More sex please! We are Brazilian. Cover Story Brazzil June 1996 Brazilian Sex Workers and the Transnational Performance of Masculinity. Gregory Mitchell, Interregnum Conference. 2008[リンク切れ] Adriana Gracia Piscitelli. Tropical sex in a European country: Brazilian women's migration to Italy in the frame of international sex tourism (Sexo tropical em um país europeu: migração de brasileiras para a Itália no marco do "turismo sexual" internacional) Estud. fem. vol.4 no.se Florianópolis 2008 Blanchette, Thaddeus; Silva, Ana Paula. A mistura clássica: o apelo do Rio de Janeiro como destino para o turismo sexual. Rio de Janeiro: Leitura Crítica, 2004. Silva, Ana Paula da and Grupo Davida et al. Prostitutas, "traficadas" e pânicos morais: uma análise da produção de fatos em pesquisas sobre o "tráfico de seres humanos". Cad. Pagu [online]. 2005, n.25, pp. 153-184. (Prostitutes, victims of trafficking and moral panics: an analysis of how facts are produced in research regarding "trafficking of human beings") Silva A. P. da; Blanchette T. "Nossa Senhora da Help": sexo, turismo e deslocamentotransnacional em Copacabana. Cadernos Pagu, Campinas, n. 25, p. 249-280, 2005. (Our Lady of Help: Sex, Tourism and Transnational Displacement in Copacabana) Copacabana Crime Clean-up Aims to Restore the Glitter. Guardian Jan 17 2009[リンク切れ] Rio nightclub closure leaves prostitutes Helpless. Guardian August 2009 It Was a Long Goodbye, But Help, Rio's Sex Temple, Is Closed. Brazzilmag Jan 7 2010 Rede Brasileira de Prostitutas Davida NEP (Núcleo de Estudos da Prostituição)