レチノイン酸受容体α

レチノイン酸受容体α（英: retinoic acid receptor alpha、略称: RARα）またはNR1B1（nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 1）は、ヒトではRARA遺伝子にコードされる核内受容体である。 RARA遺伝子は17番染色体（英語版）17q21.2に位置し、転写因子として機能する核内ホルモン受容体をコードする。レチノイン酸受容体（RAR）はRARαの他に、RARβ（英語版）、RARγ（英語版）の2種類が存在する。 レチノイドシグナルは、レチノイン酸受容体（RAR）とレチノイドX受容体（英語版）（RXR）の2種類の核内受容体ファミリーからなるRXR/RARヘテロ二量体によって伝達される。リガンドが存在しない場合には、DNAに結合したRXR/RARαはコリプレッサーであるNCOR1（英語版）、NCOR2（英語版）（SMRT）、そしてヒストンデアセチラーゼをリクルートすることで転写を抑制する。リガンドが複合体に結合すると、コンフォメーション変化が生じてコアクチベーター、ヒストンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ、基本転写装置のリクルートが可能となる。RARαはビタミンA誘導体であるレチノイン酸と相互作用し、細胞成長、分化、胚発生時の器官形成に重要な役割を果たす。 レチノイン酸シグナルは、初期胚発生時のいくつかのシグナル伝達経路と関係している。レチノイン酸は体軸の形成に関与しており、対称性を確立する。また、レチノイン酸はプロニューラル因子であるニューロゲニン2（英語版）（Neurog2）の発現を調節することで神経分化に影響を与える。レチノイン酸は心臓形成にも影響を与え、具体的には心房の形成に関与している。また、膵臓、腎臓、肺、四肢の発生にも関与している。 RARA遺伝子の再配置を伴う染色体転座は、急性前骨髄球性白血病（APL）の主要な特徴である。最も高頻度でみられる転座はt(15,17)(q21;q22)であり、RARA遺伝子がPML遺伝子と融合している。 RARαは次に挙げる因子と相互作用することが示されている。 BAG1（英語版） CLOCK（英語版） CCND3 NCOA6（英語版） NCOR1（英語版） NCOR2（英語版） NPAS2（英語版） NRIP1（英語版） NR0B2（英語版） NR4A2（英語版） PML RXRA（英語版） Src TADA3（英語版） ZBTB16（英語版） BMS-189453（非選択的） YCT529（英語版） (RARα選択的) ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131759 - Ensembl, May 2017 ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037992 - Ensembl, May 2017 ^ Human PubMed Reference: ^ Mouse PubMed Reference: ^ “Identification of a receptor for the morphogen retinoic acid”. 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