Maoliste klassifikatsioon

Aristotelest peetakse esimeseks kes püüdis loomi (sh madusid) bioloogiliselt klassifitseerida (Historia Animalium). Varem on kasutatud mitmeid maoliste klassifikatsioone: 1758 klassifitseeris Linnaeus maolised (Serpentes), peamiselt välisvormi järgi, kolmeks perekonnaks ja 200 maoliigiks; osade autorite arvates aga 6 perekonnaks: Crotalus, Boa, Coluber,Anguis, Amphisbaena, Caecilia; 1851 ilmus André Marie Constant Dumérili ja Auguste Henri André Dumérili raamat "Catalogue methodique de la collection des reptiles", milles tänapäevaste autorite arvates kasutati madude klassifitseerimisel muuhulgas ka näokolju ja hammaste kirjeldusi; Edward Drinker Cope (1840–1897) uuris madude sugulussuhteid morfoloogia kaudu: selgroolülid, kopsud ja hemipeenise morfoloogia jm. Postuumselt ilmunud teoses: "The Crocodilians, Lizards and Snakes of North America", (Government Printing Office, 1900) olevat ta klassifitseerinud maolised (Serpentes) algselt viide alamseltsi: Epanodonta (pimemadulased Typhlopidae) Catodonta (ahassuumadulased Leptotyphlopidae) Tortricina (rullmadulased Aniliidae, silindermadulased Cylindrophiidae, kilpsabalased Uropeltidae) Scolenoglypha (rästiklased Viperidae) Colubroidea (kõik ülejäänud maod,v.a rästiklased). Alamseltsi Colubroidea kuulusid omakorda Aglyphodonta, Glyphodonta ja Proteroglypha. Cope'i klassifikatsioon (mürkmaod kaldkirjas): Ülemsugukond : Epanodonta Sugukond ja alamsugukond: Typhlopidae Catodonta Glauconiidae Tortricina Ilysiidae Rhinophidae. Peropoda Boidae Charinidae Ungaliidae Alamselts Colubroidea Aglyphodonta Xenopeltidae Nothopidae (Acrochordinae, Nothopinae) Colubridae (Calamarinae, Xenodontinae, Dromicinae, Colubrinae, Leptognathinae, Anoplophallinae, Lycodontinae, Natricinae Glyphodonta Dipsadida (Erythrolamprina, Scytalina, Dipsadina, Homalopsina) Proteroglypha (Najida, Elapida, Dendraspidida Platycerca Hydrophida Solenoglypha Atractaspidida Causida Viperida Crotalida (Lachesina, Crotalina). Boulengeri Ophidia seltsi klassifikatsioon (mürkmaod on kaldkirjas): Typhlopidae Glauconidae Ilysiidae Uropeltidae Boidae (Pythoninae, Boinae) Xenopeltidae Amblycephalidae Colubridae Aglyph (Acrochordinae, Colubrinae, Rhachiodontinae) Ophistoglyph (Dipsadomorphina, Elachistodontina, Homalopsina) Pteroglyph (Elapina, Hydrophiina) Viperida (Viperina, Crotalina). Boulenger klassifitseeris Euroopas elavad maod roomajate klassi seltsina nelja sugukonda (ka perekondadesse, liikidesse): (Typhlopidae) (Boidae) Colubridae (Viperidae). Robert Julien Hoffstetteri klassifikatsioon (1955,1962) klassifitseerib maolisi fülogeneetilise süstemaatika kaudu. ... Maoliste alamseltsi klassifitseeritakse roomajate andmebaasis kuni perekondadeni järgmiselt: sugukond Acrochordidae Bonaparte 1831 (tüügasmadulased) perekond Acrochordus Bonaparte, 1831 (tüügasmadu) sugukond Anomochilidae Cundall, Wallach & Rossman, 1993 Anomochilus Berg, 1901 Cylindrophiidae Fitzinger, 1843 (silindermadulased) Cylindrophis (silindermadu) Uropeltidae Müller, 1832 (kilpsabalased) Brachyophidium Wall, 1921 Melanophidium Günther, 1864 Platyplectrurus Günther, 1868 Plectrurus Duméril, 1851 Pseudotyphlops Schlegel, 1839 Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 Teretrurus Beddome, 1886 Uropeltis Cuvier, 1829 (kilpsaba) sugukond Loxocemidae Cope, 1861 (kaksvärvmadulased) Loxocemus Cope, 1861 (kaksvärvmadu) Pythonidae Fitzinger, 1826 (püütonlased) Antaresia Wells & Wellington, 1984 Apodora Liasis (ametüstpüüton) Aspidites Peters, 1877 – mustpeapüüton Bothrochilus Fitzinger, 1843 – rõngaspüüton Broghammerus Malayopython Reynolds, Niemiller & Revell, 2014 Liasis Gray, 1842 (ametüstpüüton) Morelia Cope, 1861 (rombpüüton) Python Cope, 1861 (püüton) Simalia Gray, 1849 Xenopeltidae Bonaparte, 1845 (kiirikmadulased) Xenopeltis Reinwardt in Boie, 1827 (kiirikmadu) Boidae Gray, 1825 (boalased) alamsugukond Boinae Gray, 1825 (pärisboalased) perekond Acrantophis Jan, 1863 (lühisababoa) Boa (boa) Linnaeus, 1758 Candoia Gray, 1842 Chilabothrus Duméril & Bibron, 1844 Corallus Daudin, 1803 (puuboa) Epicrates Wagler, 1830 (silehuulboa) Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (anakonda) Sanzinia Gray, 1849 Erycinae Bonaparte, 1831 (liivaboalased) Calabaria Gray, 1858 (kalabariia) Charina Gray, 1849 (kummiboa) Eryx Daudin, 1803 (liivaboa) Lichanura Cope, 1861 Ungaliophiinae McDowell, 1987 Exiliboa Bogert, 1968 Ungaliophis Müller, 1880 Colubridae Calamariinae Bonaparte, 1838(kääbusmadulased) Calamaria Boie, 1827 (kääbusmadu) Calamorhabdium Boettger, 1898 Collorhabdium Smedley, 1932 Etheridgeum Wallach, 1988 Macrocalamus Günther, 1864 Pseudorabdion Jan, 1862 Rabdion Duméril, 1853 Colubrinae Aeluroglena Boulenger, 1898 Ahaetulla Link, 1807 (pronksmadu) Aprosdoketophis Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010 Archelaphe Schulz, Böhme & Tillack, 2011 Argyrogena Werner, 1924 Arizona Kennicott, 1859 Bamanophis Schätti & Trape, 2008 Bogertophis Dowling & Price, 1988 Boiga Fitzinger, 1826 (boiga) Cemophora Cope, 1860 Chapinophis Campbell & Smith, 1998 Chilomeniscus Cope, 1860 Chionactis Cope, 1860 Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 (metsamadu) Chrysopelea Boie, 1827 (puumadu) Coelognathus Fitzinger, 1843 Coluber Linnaeus, 1758 (vilbasnastik) Colubroelaps Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Thien Tao & Quang Truong, 2009 Conopsis Günther, 1858 Coronella Laurenti, 1768 (silenastik) Crotaphopeltis Fitzinger, 1843 Cyclophiops Boulenger, 1888 Dasypeltis (munamadu) Dendrelaphis (puunastik) Dendrophidion Dipsadoboa Dispholidus Dolichophis Drymarchon (goferinastik) Drymobius Drymoluber Dryocalamus Dryophiops Eirenis (eireenis) Elachistodon Elaphe (roninastik) Euprepiophis Ficimia Geagras Gonyophis Gonyosoma Gyalopion Hapsidophrys Hemerophis Hemorrhois Hierophis Lampropeltis (kuningmadu) Leptodrymus Leptophis (peenmadu) Lepturophis Limnophis Liopeltis Lycodon (kihvmadu) Lytorhynchus (teravkoonnastik) Macroprotodon Mastigodryas Meizodon Muhtarophis Oligodon (vähehammasmadu) Oocatochus Opheodrys Oreocryptophis Orientocoluber Orthriophis Oxybelis (teravpeamadu) Pantherophis Philothamnus Phyllorhynchus Pituophis Platyceps Pliocercus Pseudelaphe Pseudoficimia Pseustes Ptyas (suursilmmadu) Rhamnophis Rhinechis Rhinobothryum Rhinocheilus Rhynchocalamus (sulgkärssmadu) Salvadora Scaphiophis Scolecophis Senticolis Simophis Sonora Spalerosophis Spilotes (kanasööjamadu) Stegonotus Stenorrhina Symphimus Sympholis Tantilla Tantillita Telescopus (kassmadu) Thelotornis (liaanimadu) Thrasops Toxicodryas Trimorphodon Xenelaphis Xyelodontophis Zamenis Dipsadinae (jämepeamadulased) Adelphicos Jan, 1862 Alsophis Fitzinger, 1843 Amastridium Cope, 1861 Amnesteophis Myers, 2011 Apostolepis Cope, 1861 Arrhyton Günther, 1858 Atractus Wagler, 1828 Boiruna Zaher, 1996 Borikenophis Hedges & Vidal, 2009 Caaeteboia Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009 Calamodontophis Amaral, 1963 Caraiba Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009 Carphophis Gervais, 1843 Cercophis Fitzinger, 1843 Chersodromus Reinhardt, 1861 Clelia Fitzinger, 1826 Coniophanes Hallowell, 1860 Conophis Peters, 1860 Contia Girard, 1853 Coronelaps Lema & Deiques, 2010 Crisantophis Villa, 1971 Cryophis Bogert & Duellman, 1963 Cubophis Hedges & Vidal, 2009 Diadophis Girard, 1853 (kaelusmadu) Diaphorolepis Jan, 1863 Dipsas Laurenti, 1768 (jämepeamadu) Ditaxodon Hoge, 1958 Drepanoides Dunn, 1928 Echinanthera Cope, 1894 Elapomorphus Wiegmann, 1843 Emmochliophis Fritts & Smith, 1969 Enuliophis McCran & Villa, 1993 Enulius Cope, 1870 Erythrolamprus Wagler, 1830 Eutrachelophis Myers & McDowell, 2014 Farancia Gray, 1842 (mudamadu) Geophis Wagler, 1830 Gomesophis Hoge & Mertens, 1959 Haitiophis Hedges & Vidal, 2009 Helicops Wagler, 1828 (kõõrdsilmmadu) Heterodon Latreille, 1801 (kärssmadu) Hydrodynastes Fitzinger, 1843 Hydromorphus Peters, 1859 Hydrops Wagler, 1830 Hypsiglena Cope, 1860 Hypsirhynchus Günther, 1858 Ialtris Cope, 1862 Imantodes Dumeril, 1853 Leptodeira Fitzinger, 1843 Lioheterophis Amaral, 1935 Lygophis Fitzinger, 1843 Magliophis Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009 Manolepis Cope, 1885 Mussurana Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009 Ninia Baird & Girard, 1853 Nothopsis Cope, 1871 Omoadiphas Köhler, Wilson & Mccranie, 2001 Oxyrhopus Wagler, 1830 Paraphimophis Grazziotin, Zaher, Murphy, Scrocchi, Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto, 2012 Phalotris Cope, 1862 Philodryas Wagler, 1830 Phimophis Cope, 1860 Plesiodipsas Harvey, Fuenmayor, Portilla & Rueda-Almonacid, 2008 Pseudalsophis Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009 Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801 Pseudoeryx Fitzinger, 1826 Pseudoleptodeira Taylor, 1938 Pseudotomodon Koslowski, 1896 Psomophis Myers & Cadle, 1994 Ptychophis Gomes, 1915 Rhachidelus Boulenger, 1908 Rhadinaea Cope, 1863 Rhadinella Smith, 1941 Rhadinophanes Myers & Campbell, 1981 Rodriguesophis Grazziotin, Zaher, Murphy, Scrocchi, Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto, 2012 Saphenophis Myers, 1973 Sibon Fitzinger, 1826 Sibynomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 Siphlophis Fitzinger, 1843 Sordellina Procter, 1923 Synophis Peracca 1896 Tachymenis Wiegmann, 1835 Taeniophallus Cope, 1895 Tantalophis Duellman, 1958 Thalesius Xenodon Thamnodynastes Wagler, 1830 Thermophis Malnate, 1953 Tomodon Duméril, 1853 Tretanorhinus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854 Trimetopon Cope, 1885 Tropidodipsas Gunther, 1858 Tropidodryas Fitzinger, 1843 Uromacer Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 Uromacerina Amaral, 1929 Urotheca Bibron, 1843 Xenodon Boie, 1826 Xenopholis Peters, 1869 Grayiinae Grayia Scaphiodontophiinae (insertae cedis ) Sibynophiinae Scaphiodontophis Sibynophis Homalopsidae (veemadulased): Bitia Gray, 1842 Brachyorrhos Kuhl, 1826 Calamophis Meyer, 1874 Cantoria Girard, 1857 Cerberus Cuvier, 1829 (koerpeamadu) Dieurostus Berg, 1901 Djokoiskandarus Murphy, 2011 Enhydris Sonnini & Latreille, 1802 Erpeton Lacépède, 1800 (kombitsmadu) Ferania Gray, 1842 Fordonia Gray, 1837 Gerarda Gray, 1849 Gyiophis Murphy & Voris, 2014 Heurnia Jong, 1926 Homalophis Peters, 1871 Homalopsis Kuhl & Hasselt, 1822 Hypsiscopus Fitzinger, 1843 Karnsophis Murphy & Voris 2013 Kualatahan Murphy & Voris, 2014 Mintonophis Murphy & Voris, 2014 Miralia Gray, 1842 Myron Gray, 1849 Myrrophis Kumar, Sanders, Sanil & Murphy, 2012 Phytolopsis Gray, 1849 Pseudoferania Ogilby, 1891 Raclitia Gray, 1842 Subsessor Murphy & Voris, 2014 Sumatranus Murphy & Voris, 2014 Lamprophiidae Aparallactinae Amblyodipsas Aparallactus Brachyophis Chilorhinophis Hypoptophis Macrelaps Micrelaps Polemon Xenocalamus Atractaspidinae (pinnaserästiklased) Atractaspis (pinnaserästik) Homoroselaps Lamprophiinae Boaedon Bothrolycus Bothrophthalmus Chamaelycus Dendrolycus Gonionotophis Hormonotus Inyoka Lamprophis Lycodonomorphus Lycophidion (huntmadu) Pseudoboodon Psammophiinae (liivamadulased) Dipsina Hemirhagerrhis Malpolon (sisalikumadu) Mimophis Psammophis (liivamadu) Psammophylax Rhagerhis Rhamphiophis Prosymninae Prosymna Pseudaspidinae Pseudaspis Pythonodipsas Pseudoxyrhophiinae Alluaudina Amplorhinus Brygophis Compsophis Ditypophis Dromicodryas Duberria Exallodontophis Heteroliodon Ithycyphus Langaha (võramadu) Leioheterodon Liophidium Liopholidophis Lycodryas Madagascarophis Micropisthodon Pararhadinaea Parastenophis Phisalixella Pseudoxyrhopus Thamnosophis Natricidae Adelophis Dugès, 1879 Afronatrix Rossman & Eberle, 1977 Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 Amphiesmoides Malnate, 1961 Anoplohydrus Werner, 1909 Aspidura Wagler, 1830 Atretium Cope, 1861 Balanophis Smith, 1938 Clonophis Cope, 1889 Haldea Baird & Girard, 1853 Hebius Thompson, 1913 Herpetoreas Günther, 1860 Hologerrhum Günther, 1858 Hydrablabes Boulenger, 1891 Hydraethiops Günther, 1872 Iguanognathus Boulenger, 1898 Liodytes Cope, 1885 Limnophis Günther, 1865 Lycognathophis Boulenger, 1893 Macropisthodon Boulenger, 1893 Natriciteres Loveridge, 1953 Natrix Laurenti, 1768 (nastik) Nerodia Baird & Girard, 1853 Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 Parahelicops Bourret, 1934 Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 Paratapinophis Angel, 1929 Regina Baird & Girard, 1853 Rhabdophis (tiigernastik) Fitzinger, 1843 Sinonatrix Rossman & Eberle, 1977 Storeria Baird & Girard, 1853 Thamnophis Fitzinger, 1843 (tripimadu) Trachischium Günther, 1858 Tropidoclonion Cope, 1860 Tropidonophis Jan, 1863 Virginia Baird & Girard, 1853 Xenochrophis Günther, 1864 Pseudoxenodontidae Plagiopholis Boulenger, 1893 Pseudoxenodon Boulenger, 1890 Elapidae (mürknastiklased) Elapinae (pärismürknastiklased) perekond Acanthophis Daudin, 1803 (surmarästik) Antaioserpens Wells & Wellington, 1985 Aspidelaps Fitzinger, 1843 (kilpkobra) Aspidomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (ebaaspiid) Austrelaps Worrell, 1963 Brachyurophis Günther, 1863 Bungarus Daudin, 1803 (krait) Cacophis Günther, 1863 Calliophis Gray, 1835 (kaunismadu) Cryptophis Worrell, 1961 Demansia Gray, 1842 (pruunmadu) Dendroaspis Schlegel, 1848 (mamba) Denisonia Krefft, 1869 (denisoonia) 'Drysdalia Worrell, 1961 Echiopsis Fitzinger, 1843 Elapognathus Boulenger, 1896 Elapsoidea Bocage, 1866 (tripiaspiid) Furina Dumeril, 1853 Hemachatus Fleming, 1822 Hemiaspis Fitzinger, 1861 Hemibungarus Peters, 1862 Hoplocephalus Wagler, 1830 Loveridgelaps McDowell, 1970 Micropechis Boulenger, 1896 Micruroides Schmidt, 1928 Micrurus Wagler, 1824 Naja Laurenti, 1768 (kobra) Notechis Boulenger, 1896 Ogmodon Peters, 1864 Ophiophagus Günther, 1864 Oxyuranus Kinghorn, 1923 Parapistocalamus Roux, 1934 Parasuta Worrell, 1961 Paroplocephalus Keogh, Scott & Scanlon, 2000 Pseudechis Wagler, 1830 Pseudohaje Günther, 1858 (puukobra) Pseudonaja Günther, 1858 Rhinoplocephalus Muller, 1885 Salomonelaps McDowell, 1970 Simoselaps Jan, 1859 Sinomicrurus Slowinski, Boundy & Lawson 2001 Suta Worrell, 1961 Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896 Tropidechis Günther, 1863 Vermicella Gray, 1858 Walterinnesia Lataste, 1887 Hydrophiinae (merimadulased) Aipysurus Lacépède, 1804 Emydocephalus Krefft, 1869 Ephalophis Smith, 1931 Hydrelaps Boulenger, 1896 Hydrophis Latreille, 1801 (merimadu) Kolpophis Smith, 1926 Parahydrophis Burger & Natsuno, 1974 Thalassophis Schmidt, 1852 alamsugukond Laticaudinae Cope, 1879 perekond Laticauda Laurenti, 1768 (laisaba) Pseudolaticauda Kharin,1984 Laticauda Pareatidae Aplopeltura (rihmmadu) Asthenodipsas Pareas Viperidae Oppel, 1811 (rästiklased) Azemiopinae Liem, Marx & Rabb, 1971 (birmarästiklased) Azemiops (birmarästik) Crotalinae (lõgismadulased) Agkistrodon (kilplõugmadu) Atropoides Bothriechis Bothrocophias Bothrops (botrops) Calloselasma Cerrophidion Crotalus (lõgismadu) Deinagkistrodon Garthius Gloydius Hypnale Lachesis Mixcoatlus Ophryacus Ovophis Porthidium Protobothrops Sistrurus (kääbuslõgismadu) Trimeresurus (odapeamadu) Tropidolaemus Viperinae (pärisrästiklased) Atheris (puurästik) Bitis (aafrikarästik) Causus (kärnrästik) Cerastes (sarvikrästik) Daboia Echis (eefa) Eristicophis (vaidlusrästik) Macrovipera Montatheris Montivipera Proatheris Pseudocerastes (ebasarvikrästik) Vipera (rästik) Xenodermatidae Achalinus Fimbrios Stoliczkia Xenodermus Xylophis Typhlopoidea (Scolecophidia) Anomalepididae Anomalepis Helminthophis Liotyphlops Typhlophis Gerrhopilidae Gerrhopilus Leptotyphlopidae Stejneger, 1892 (ahassuumadulased) Epictinae Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch in Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges, 2009 Epictia Gray, 1845 Mitophis Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, 2009 Rena Baird & Girard, 1853 Rhinoleptus Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Estève & Guibé, 1970 Siagonodon Peters, 1881 Tetracheilostoma Jan, 1861 Tricheilostoma Jan, 1860 Trilepida Hedges, 2011 Leptotyphlopinae Stejneger, 1892 Epacrophis Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, 2009 Leptotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 (ahassuumadu) Myriopholis Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, 2009 Namibiana Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch, 2009 Typhlopidae Merrem, 1820 (pimemadulased) Afrotyphlopinae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Afrotyphlops Broadley & Wallach, 2009 Letheobia Cope, 1869 Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 Asiatyphlopinae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Acutotyphlops Wallach, 1995 Anilios Gray, 1845 Asiatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Cyclotyphlops Bosch & Ineich, 1994 Grypotyphlops Peters, 1881 Indotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Malayotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Ramphotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 Sundatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Xerotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Madatyphlopinae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Madatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Typhlopinae Merrem, 1820 Amerotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Antillotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Cubatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014 Typhlops Oppel, 1811 (pimemadu) Xenotyphlopidae Vidal, Vences, Branch & Hedges in Vidal, Marin, Morini, Donnellan, Branch, Thomas, Vences, Wynn, Cruaud & Hedges, 2010 Xenotyphlops . Järgmised sugukonnad (koos perekondadega) on roomajate andmebaasis käesoleval ajal ülemsugukondadesse klassifitseerimata: incertae sedis Aniliidae (rullmadulased) Anilius (rullmadu) Bolyeriidae (bolierialased) Bolyeria Casarea Tropidophiidae Trachyboa Tropidophis Xenophidiidae Wallach & Gunther 1998 Xenophidion Günther & Manthey, 1995 Järgmised Colubridae sugukonna maoperekonnad on roomajate andmebaasis käesoleval ajal alamsugukondadesse klassifitseerimata: incertae sedis Blythia Theobald, 1868 Cyclocorus Duméril, 1853 Elapoidis Boie, 1827 Gongylosoma Fitzinger, 1843 Helophis de Witte & Laurent, 1942 Myersophis Taylor, 1963 Oreocalamus Boulenger, 1899 Poecilopholis Boulenger, 1903 Rhabdops Boulenger, 1893 Tetralepis Boettger, 1892. Austrotyphlops batillus (IUCN-i staatus NT) Tropidophis bucculentus (IUCN-i staatus NT) Farancia erytrogramma seminola (IUCN-i staatus NT] †Acrochordus dehmi †Albaneryx Hoffstetter & Rage 1972, prk, sgk boalased †Alamitophis Albino 1986, prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Alamitophis argentinus Albino, 1986 †Alamitophis elongatus Vasile jt. 2013 †Alamitophis tingamarra Scanlon, 2005 ?Alsophis melanichnus †Alsophis sanctaecrucis (IUCN-i staatus EX) †Ameiseophis Holman, 1976 prk, sgk Colubridae †Ameiseophis robinsoni Holman, 1976 †Anomalophiidae Auffenberg, 1959 †Anomalophis Auffenberg, 1959 †Anomalophis bolcensis Massalongo, 1859</ref> †Bavarioboa Szyndlar & Schleich, 1993 †Bitis olduvaiensis Rage, 1973 †Bransateryx Hoffstetter & Rage, 1972, prk, sgk boalased †Bransateryx vireti Hoffstetter & Rage, 1972 †Boavus Marsh, 1871 †Boavus affinis Brattstrom, 1955 ?Bolyeria, prk †Bolyeria multocarinata (IUCN-i staatus EX) †Cadurceryx Hoffstetter ja Rage, 1972, prk, sgk boalased †Caduceryx filholi Hoffstetter ja Rage, 1972 †Cadurcoboa Rage, 1978, prk, sgk boalased †Cadurcoboa insolita Rage, 1978 †Calamagras Cope, 1873 †Calamagras angulatus Cope, 1873 †Calamagras floridanus Auffenberg, 1963 †Calamagras gallicus Rage, 1977 †Calamagras murivorus Cope, 1873 †Calamagras platyspondyla Holman, 1976 †Calamagras primus Hecht, 1959 †Calamagras talpivorus Cope, 1873 †Calamagras truxalis Cope, 1873 †Calamagras turkestanicus Danilov ja Averianov, 1999 †Calamagras weigeli Holman, 1972 †Charina prebottae Brattstrom, 1958 sgk boalased †Cheilophis Gilmore, 1938, prk, sgk boalased †Cheilophis huerfanoensis Gilmore, 1938, sgk boalased †Coniophidae Hoffstetter, 1955, sgk †Coniophis Marsh, 1892, prk †Coniophis carinatus McGrew jt. 1959 †Coniophis cosgriffi Armstrong-Ziegler, 1978 †Coniophis platycarinatus McGrew jt. 1959 †Coniophis precedens Marsh, 1892 †Dakotaophis Holman, 1976, sgk Colubridae †Daunophis Swinton, 1926, sgk boalased †Dawsonophis Holman, 1979, sgk boalased †Diadophis elinorae Auffenberg, 1963, sgk Colubridae †Dinilysiidae sgk †Dinilysia Woodward, 1901, prk †Dinilysia patagonica Woodward, 1901 †Dryinoides Auffenberg, 1958 sgk Carphophiidae †Dryinoides oxyrhachis Auffenberg, 1958 †Dunnophis, prk Hecht, 1959 sgk Trapidophiidae †Dunnophis cadurcensis Rage, 1974 †Dunnophis matronensis Rage, 1973 †Dunnophis microechinus McGrew jt. 1959 †Elaphe kormosi Bolkay, 1913 sgk Colubridae †Eoanilius Rage, 1974 sgk Aniliidae) †Eoanilius europae Rage, 1974 †Eoanilius oligocenicus Szyndlar, 1994 †Eunectes stirtoni Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977 †Eupodophis Rage & Escuillié, 2001, prk (jäsemed) (†Pachyophiidae') †Eupodophis descouensi Rage and Escuillié, 2000 †Falseryx Szyndlar & Rage, 2003 †Falseryx neervelpensis Szyndlar jt. 2008 †Falseryx petersbuchi Szyndlar & Rage, 2003 †Floridaophis Holman, 1999 prk, sgk Colubridae †Floridaophis auffenbergi Holman, 1999 †Gaimanophis Albino, 1996 prk, sgk boalased †Gaimanophis tenuis Albino, 1996 †Gigantophis Andrews, 1901 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Gigantophis garstini Andrews, 1901 †Haasiophis Tchernov jt., 2000, prk (jäsemed) †Haasiophis terrasanctus Tchernov jt. 2000 †Hechtophis Rage, 2001 prk, sgk boalased †Hechtophis austrinus Rage, 2001 †Herensugea Rage, 1996 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Herensugea caristiorum Rage, 1996 †Heterodon brevis Auffenberg, 1963, prk Heterodon †Heterodon plionasicus J.A. Peters, 1953 †Hierophis arcuatus H.Meyer, 1845 †Hierophis cadurci Rage, 1974 †Hierophis caspioides Szyndlar & Schleich, 1993 †Hierophis dolnicensis Szyndlar, 1987 †Hierophis freybergi G.Brunner, 1954 †Hierophis hungaricus Bolkay, 1913 †Hierophis poucheti Rochebrune, 1880 †Hierophis robertmertensi Mlynarski, 1964 †Huberophis Holman 1977, prk, sgk boalased †Huberophis georgiensis Holman, 1977 †Incongruelaps Scanlon, Lee & Archer, 2003 (Elapidae) †Incongruelaps iteratus Scanlon, Lee & Archer, 2003 †Indophis Rage ja Prasad, 1992, prk †Indophis sahnii Rage ja Prasad, 1992 †Itaboraiophis Rage, 2011 (Booidea incertae sedis) †Itaboraiophis depressus Rage, 2011 †Kataria Scanferla et al. 2013. pr †Kataria anisodonta Scanferla jt. 2013 †Kelyophis LaDuke jt., 2010 , prk †Kelyophis hechti LaDuke jt., 2010 †Lampropeltis similis Holman, 1964 †Lapparentophiidae sgk †Lapparentophis Hoffstetter, 1960 †Lapparentophis defrennei Hoffstetter, 1960 †Macrovipera burgenlandica (Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1987) †Macrovipera gedulyi Bolkay, 1913 †Macrovipera kuchurganica (Zerova in Zerova, Lungu & Chkhikvadze, 1987) †Macrovipera ukrainica Zerova, 1992 †Madtsoiidae sgk †Madtsoia Simpson, 1933 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Madtsoia bai Simpson, 1933 †Madtsoia camposi Rage, 1998 †Madtsoia madagascariensis Hoffstetter, 1961 †Madtsoia pisdurensis Mohabey jt. 2011 †Malpolon laurenti (Depéret, 1897) †Malpolon mlynarskii Szyndlar, 1988 †Menarana LaDuke jt. 2010 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Menarana laurasiae Rage, 1996 †Menarana nosymena LaDuke jt. 2010 †Micronatrix Parmley ja Hunter, 2010 prk, sgk Colubridae ††Micronatrix juliescottae Parmley ja Hunter, 2010 †Messelophis, prk †Miocoluber Parmley, 1988 prk, sgk Colubridae †Miocoluber dalquesti Parmley, 1988 †Mionatrix Sun, 1961 prk, sgk Colubridae †Mionatrix diatomus Sun, 1961 †Najash, prk Apesteguía & Zaher, 2006 (jäsemed) †Najash rionegrina, Apesteguía & Zaher, 2006 †Nanowana Scanlon 1997 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Nanowana godthelpi Scanlon, 1997 †Nanowana schrenki Scanlon, 1997 †Natrix longivertebrata Szyndlar, 1984 †Natrix merkurensis Ivanov, 2002 †Natrix mlynarskii Rage, 1988 †Natrix sansaniensis (Lartet, 1851) †Neurodromicus Cope, 1873 prk, sgk boalased †Neurodromicus dorsalis Cope, 1873 †Nessovophis Averianov, 1997 prk †Nessovophis zhylga Averianov, 1997 †Nidophis Vasile jt. 2013 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Nidophis insularis Vasile jt. 2013 †Nigerophiidae Rage, 1975 †Nigerophis Rage, 1975 prk †Nigerophis mirus Rage, 1975 †Nubianophis Rage ja Werner 1999 , prk †Nubianophis afaahus Rage ja Werner 1999 † Ogmophis Cope, 1885 † Ogmophis voorhiesi Holman, 1977 †Pachyophiidae sgk †Pachyrhachis sgk (jäsemed) †Palaeophis Owen, 1841 prk, sgk Palaeophiidae †Palaeophis africanus Andrews, 1924 †Palaeophis casei Holman, 1982 †Palaeophis colossaeus Rage, 1983 †Palaeophis ferganicus Averianov, 1997 †Palaeophis grandis Marsh, 1869 †Palaeophis halidanus Cope, 1868 †Palaeophis littoralis Cope, 1847 †Palaeophis maghrebianus Arambourg, 1952 †Palaeophis nessovi Averianov, 1997 †Palaeophis tamdy Averianov, 1997 †Palaeophis toliapicus Owen, 1841 †Palaeophis typhaeus Owen, 1850 †Palaeophis vastaniensis Bajpai ja Head, 2008 †Palaeophis virginianus Lynn, 1934 †Palaeophis zhylan †Palaeophis zhylga (Averianov, 1997) †Palaeopython Rochebrune, 1880 prk, sgk boalased †Palaeopython cadurcensis †Palaeopython ceciliensis Barnes, 1927 †Palaeopython filholii Rochebrune, 1880 †Palaeopython fischeri Schaal, 2004 †Palaeopython neglectus Rochebrune, 1884 †Palefarancia Auffenberg, 1963 prk, sgk Carphophiidae †Palefarancia brevispinosus Auffenberg, 1963 †Paleoheterodon Holman 1964 prk, sgk Colubridae †Paleoheterodon arcuatus Rage ja Holman, 1984 †Paleoheterodon tiheni Holman, 1964 †Paleryx Owen, 1850 prk, sgk boalased †Paracoluber Holman, 1970 prk, sgk Colubridae †Paracoluber storeri Holman, 1970 †Patagoniophis Albino, 1986 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Patagoniophis australiensis Scanlon, 2005 †Patagoniophis parvus Albino, 1986 †Paulacoutophis Rage, 2011 prk, ülemsugukond Booidea (incertae sedis) †Paulacoutophis perplexus Rage, 2011 †Platyceps planicarinatus Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1985 †Platyspondylia Rage 1974, prk †Platyspondylia germanica Szyndlar & Rage, 2003 †Platyspondylia lepta Rage, 1974 †Platyspondylia sudrei Rage, 1988 †Plesiotortrix Rochebrune, 1884 prk, sgk boalased †Plesiotortrix edwardsi Rochebrune, 1884 †Pollackophis Holman, 1998 prk, sgk Colubridae †Pollackophis depressus Holman, 1998 †Pouitella Rage, 1988 prk, sgk †Lapparentophiidae †Pouitella pervetus Rage, 1988 †Procerophis Rage jt., 2008 †Procerophis sahnii Rage jt., 2008 †Proptychnophis Whistler & Wrigth, 1989 prk, sgk Colubridae †Proptychnophis achoris Whistler & Wrigth, 1989 †Pterygoboa Holman, 1976 prk, sgk boalased †Pterygoboa delawarensis Holman, 1998 †Pterygoboa miocenica Holman, 1976 †Python europaeus Szydlar & Rage, 2003 †Python maurus Rage, 1976 †Rionegrophis Albino, 1986 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Rionegrophis madtsoioides Albino, 1986 †Rottophis Szyndler & Böhme, 1996 prk, sgk Tropidophiidae †Rottophis atavus H.Meyer ,1885 †Russellophiidae Rage, 1978 †Russellophis Rage, 1975 prk, sgk Russellophiidae †Russellophis crassus Rage jt., 2008 †Russellophis tenuis Rage, 1975 †Sanajeh Wilson jt., 2010 prk, sgk †Madtsoiidae †Sanajeh indicus Wilson jt., 2010 †Seismophis Hsiou jt., 2013, prk †Seismophis septentrionalis Hsiou jt., 2013 †Sivaophis Head, 2005 †Sivaophis downsi Head, 2005 †Russellophis Rage, 1975 †Tallahattaophis Holman, 1988 †Texasophis Holman 1977 prk, sgk Colubridae †Texasophis bohemiacus Szyndler, 1987 †Texasophis fossilis Holman, 1977 †Texasophis galbreathy Holman, 1984 †Texasophis hecki M.Böhme, 2008 †Texasophis meini Rage & Holman, 1984 †Texasophis wilsoni Holman, 1984 †Thaumastophis Rage jt., 2008 †Thaumastophis missiaeni Rage jt., 2008 †Titanoboa, prk, sgk boalased †Titanoboa cerrejonensis, Head, Bloch, Hastings, Bourque, Cadena, Herrera, Polly & Jaramillo, 2009 †Totlandophis Holman & Harrison, 1998 prk, sgk boalased †Totlandophis americanus Holman & Harrison, 2001 †Totlandophis thomasae Holman & Harrison, 1998 †Tregophis Holman 1975 prk, sgk boalased †Tregophis brevirachis Holman 1975 †Typhlops cariei (IUCN-i staatus EX) †Vectophis Rage & Ford, (1980) prk †Vectophis wardi Rage & Ford, (1980) prk †Vipera antiqua Szyndlar, 1987 †Vipera burgenlandica Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1987 †Vipera gedulyi Bolkay, 1913 †Vipera maghrebiana Rage, 1976 †Vipera maxima Szyndlar 1988 †Vipera natiensis Bailon jt., 2002 †Vipera platyspondyla Zyndlar, 1987 †Waincophis Albino 1987 prk, sgk boalased †Waincophis australis Albino, 1987 †Waincophis cameratus Rage, 2001 †Waincophis pressulus Rage, 2001 †Wonambi Smith 1976 prk, sgk † Madtsoiidae †Wonambi barriei Scanlon ja Lee, 2000 †Wonambi naracoortensis Smith, 1976 †Woutersophis Rage, 1980, prk †Woutersophis novus Rage, 1980 †Zamenis algorensis (Szyndlar, 1985a) †Zamenis kohfidischi Bachmayer & Szyndlar, 1985 †Zamenis paralongissimus (Szyndlar, 1984a) †Zamenis praelongissima (Venczel, 1994) †Zelceophis Szyndlar 1984 prk, sgk Colubridae †Zelceophis xenos Szyndlar, 1984 †Yurlunggur Scanlon, 1992 prk, sgk † Madtsoiidae †Yurlunggur camfieldensis Scanlon, 1992 "Aristotle's History of Animals: In Ten Books", Aristoteles, tõlkija Richard Creswell, 1862 "Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles", 4.trükk, 598:2014 Krecsák, László, Richard Wahlgren, A survey of the Linnaean type material of Coluber berus, Coluber chersea and Coluber prester (Serpentes, Viperidae), Journal of Natural History, 2. juuli 2008, (vaadatud 6.11.2013) C. et Aug Duméril, Catalogue methodique de la collection des reptiles., Paris, Gide et Baudry, 1851, Google'i raamatu (vaadatud 26.10.2013) (prantsuse keeles) Noguchi, Hideyo, Snake venoms; an investigation of venomous snakes with special reference to the phenomena of their venoms. (Cope, Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U. S. National Museum, 1898.), lk 3, 1909, Garnegie Institution of Washington, OpenLibrary raamatu (vaadatud 6.06.2014) Hideyo Noguchi, Snake venoms; an investigation of venomous snakes with special reference to the phenomena of their venoms, lk 3, 1909, Garnegie Institution of Washington, OpenLibrary raamatu (vaadatud 6.06.2014) G. A. Boulenger,THE SNAKES OF EUROPE, LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1913, OpenLibrary raamatu (vaadatud 26.10.2013) Roomajate andmebaasi vaadatud 12. septembril 2013 Uropeltidae, Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 2.05.2015) Pythonidae, Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 30.04.2015) Calamariinae, Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 2.05.2015) (inglise keeles) Peter Uetz ja Jakob Hallermann. Colubrinae, (vaadatud 30.04.2015) (inglise keeles) Sibynophiinae, Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 1.05.2015) Homalopsidae roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 1.05.2015) (inglise keeles) Peter Uetz & Jakob Hallermann. Aparallactinae, (vaadatud 30.04.2015) (inglise keeles) Natricidae, Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 30.04.2015)(ladina keeles) Elapidae, Roomajate andmebaasi (vaadatud 30.04.2015)(ladina keeles) Roomajate andmebaasi vaadatud 10. juunil 2014 Globally Extinct: Reptiles According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (version 2012.1), (vaadatud 07.06.2014) Anomalophiidae, (vaadatud 3.05.2015) Anomalophis bolcensis, (vaadatud 3.05.2015) †Boavus affinis Brattstrom 1955 (boa), vaadatud 24. märtsil 2017 Sissekanne Fossilworks-is, (vaadatud 3.06.2014) Sissekanne Fossilworks-is, (vaadatud 3.06.2014)], Mikko's Phylogeny Archive (vaadatud 28.09.2013) (inglise keeles)] Sissekanne Fossilworks-is, (vaadatud 8.06.2014) JOHN D. SCANLON, AUSTRALIA’S OLDEST KNOWN SNAKES: PATAGONIOPHIS, ALAMITOPHIS, AND CF. MADTSOIA (SQUAMATA: MADTSOIIDAE) FROM THE EOCENE OF QUEENSLAND, MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, (vaadatud 3.06.2014) Sissekanne Fossilworks-is, (vaadatud 3.06.2014) Sissekanne fossilworks-is, (vaadatud 8.06.2014) Sissekanne fossilworks-is, (vaadatud 8.06.2014) Sissekanne Paleontology Database-s, (vaadatud 8.06.2014) Sissekanne fossilworks-is, (vaadatud 8.06.2014) Sissekanne Fossilworks-is, (vaadatud 24.06.2014)