National Medal of Science

National Medal of Science on teadusauhind, mida annab välja Ameerika Ühendriikide president USA kodanikele või residentidele, kes on andnud olulise panuse sotsiaalteaduste, käitumisteaduste, bioloogia, keemia, inseneriteaduste, matemaatika ja füüsika arengusse. Auhind asutati 1959. aastal ja selle väljaandmist administreerib Rahvuslik Teadusfond (NFS). Laureaatide valiku eest vastutab 12-liikmeline National Medal of Science'i komitee. National Medal of Science'i auhind anti esimest korda välja 18. veebruaril 1963. Selle au pälvis Theodore von Kármán. Auhind jäi välja andmata aastatel 1971, 1972, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1984 ja 1985. 1964 – Neal Elgar Miller 1968 – B. F. Skinner 1986 – Herbert Simon 1987 – George Stigler 1988 – Milton Friedman 1991 – George Armitage Miller 1992 – Eleanor Gibson 1996 – Paul Samuelson 1999 – Robert Solow 2000 – Gary Becker 2004 – Kenneth Arrow 2014 – Albert Bandura 1964 – Theodosius Dobzhansky, Marshall W. Nirenberg 1965 – Francis Peyton Rous, George Simpson 1966 – Sewall Wright, Fritz Lipmann 1968 – Burrhus Skinner 1969 – Ernst Mayr 1970 – Barbara McClintock 1973 – Earl Sutherland 1976 – Edward Wilson, Roger Guillemin 1979 – Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg 1983 – Paul Berg 1986 – Stanley Cohen, George Palade 1987 – Rita Levi-Montalcini, Har Gobind Khorana 1988 – Michael S. Brown, Eric Kandel, Joseph Goldstein, Rosalyn Yalow 1989 – Roger Sperry, Joshua Lederberg 1990 – Edward Lewis, E. Donnall Thomas 1991 – G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Salvador Luria 1992 – Howard Temin 1993 – Daniel Nathans, 1997 – James Watson 1999 – Jared Diamond, Lynn Margulis, David Baltimore 2000 – Peter H. Raven, Carl Woese 2001 – Francisco J. Ayala, Mario Capecchi, Harold Varmus 2003 – J. Michael Bishop 2004 – Thomas Starzl, Norman Borlaug, Phillip Sharp 2005 – Torsten Wiesel 2006 – Rita Colwell 2007 – Robert Lefkowitz 2008 – Francis Collins, Craig Venter 2009 – Stanley Prusiner 1964 – Robert Woodward 1983 – Roald Hoffmann 1986 – Yuan Tseh Lee 1987 – William Summer Johnson, Walter H. Stockmayer, Max Tishler 1988 – Konrad Bloch, Elias Corey 1989 – Melvin Calvin, Rudolph Marcus 1990 – Elkan Blout, Karl Folkers, John D. Roberts 1991 – Gertrude Elion, Dudley Herschbach, Glenn Seaborg 1993 – Donald Cram 1994 – George S. Hammond 1995 – Thomas Cech 1962 – Theodore von Kármán 1964 – Othmar Ammann 1967 – Igor Sikorsky 1969 – Jack Kilby 1975 – Wernher von Braun 1991 – Luna Leopold 2006 – Robert Langer 2007 – David Wineland 2008 – Rudolf Kálmán 2010 – Shu Chien 1963 – Norbert Wiener 1966 – John Milnor 1974 – Kurt Gödel 1975 – John Backus 1979 – Donald Knuth 1986 – Peter Lax 1995 – Louis Nirenberg 1997 – Shing Tung Yau 1963 – Luis Alvarez 1964 – Julian Schwinger, Harold Urey, Robert Woodward 1965 – John Bardeen, Peter Debye, Leon Lederman 1966 – Jacob Bjerknes, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, John Vleck, Vladimir Zworykin 1968 – Lars Onsager, Eugene Wigner 1969 – Herbert Brown 1970 – Robert Dicke, Allan R. Sandage, John Wheeler 1974 – Nicolaas Bloembergen, Paul Flory, William Alfred Fowler, Linus Carl Pauling 1975 – Hans Bethe 1976 – Henry Taube 1979 – Richard Feynman, Edward Purcell, Lyman Spitzer, Victor Weisskopf 1982 – Philip Anderson, Yoichiro Nambu, Edward Teller, Charles Townes 1983 – E. Margaret Burbidge, Walter Munk, Frederick Reines, J. Robert Schrieffer 1986 – Robert Hofstadter, Chen Ning Yang 1987 – Philip Abelson, Walter Elsasser, Paul Lauterbur, James Van Allen 1988 – Walter Kohn, Norman Ramsey, Jack Steinberger 1989 – Robert Sharp, Henry Stommel 1990 – Allan Cormack, Edwin McMillan, Roger Revelle 1991 – Arthur Schawlow, Steven Weinberg 1992 – Eugene Shoemaker 1993 – Val Fitch, Vera Rubin 1994 – Frank Press 1995 – Hans Dehmelt, Peter Goldreich 1996 – Wallace Broecker 1997 – Martin Schwarzschild 1998 – Don Anderson, John Bahcall 1999 – James Cronin 2000 – Willis Lamb, Gilbert White 2001 – Raymond Davis, Charles Keeling 2002 – Richard Garwin, W. Jason Morgan, Edward Witten 2003 – G. Brent Dalrymple, Riccardo Giacconi 2004 – Robert Clayton 2005 – Ralph Alpher, Lonnie Thompson 2008 – James Gunn 2012 – Burton Richter, Sean Solomon National Medal of Arts National Medal of Technology and Innovation PROVIDING PROCEDURES FOR THE AWARD OF THE NATIONAL MEDAL OF SCIENCE. archive.org National Medal of Science. nsf.gov The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Search. nsf.gov