奥斯卡最佳女主角奖

奥斯卡最佳女主角奖（英語：Academy Award for Best Actress）是美国电影艺术与科学学院颁发的一个年度奖项，旨在奖励在电影中有杰出表现的女性主演演员。奖项于1929年的第1届奥斯卡颁奖典礼上首度颁发，获奖者是主演《第七天堂》、《马路天使》和《日出》的珍妮·盖诺。目前，奖项提名人选由学院演员分部成员通过可转移单票制选出，获奖者则由学院全部投票成员通过多数制决定。 第1到3届時，所有提名人都可以因相应年度的多部作品获得同一项提名，这其中最多的达到3部，片名均会列在提名人选的姓名之后。不过，在1930年第3届時，获奖者瑙瑪·希拉虽然是因两部电影获得提名，但最终的获奖作品只列出了一部。次年，这套既不实用、又容易造成混乱的制度被新的制度取代，这一新制度也沿用至今，每位男演员均是因单独一部电影中的表演获提名，但仍然可以凭借多部电影获得多项提名。从1937年举行的第9届颁奖典礼开始，这一奖项正式固定为每年提名5位人选。 凯瑟琳·赫本曾4次胜出，是获奖次数最多的女演员；梅丽尔·斯特里普曾入圍17次，是入圍次數最多的女演員（两次获奖）；路易絲·賴納是第一位連續獲獎的女演員（1936-1937）；索菲婭·羅蘭是第一位以非英語演出獲獎的女演員；荷莉·貝瑞是第一位獲獎的黑人女演員；楊紫瓊則是第一位獲獎的亞裔和華人女演員。此外，第41屆的凯瑟琳·赫本和芭芭拉·史翠珊兩位票數相同，因此同獲此獎，也是至今唯一一次雙影后的紀錄。至今一共有78位女演員獲得了這一獎項，最近的一位獲獎者則是以《可怜的东西》二度获奖的艾瑪·史東。 以下列表中列出了所有曾获奥斯卡最佳女主角奖及提名的演员、提名影片、获奖年份及颁奖典礼的届数。绝大多数颁奖典礼都是于提名影片在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县上映的次年举行。第1到第5届奖项角逐的电影上映周期则是从8月1日到次年7月31日。角逐第6届奖项的电影上映周期很长，从1932年8月1日一直持续到了1933年12月31日。从1935年举行的第7届颁奖典礼开始，电影要获得提名资格，则必须是在上一日历年发行，即1月1日至12月31日。 奥斯卡金像奖主题 金球奖剧情类电影最佳女主角 金球奖最佳音乐及喜剧类电影女主角 英国电影学院奖最佳女主角 獨立精神獎最佳女主角 評論家選擇電影獎最佳女主角 美国演员工会奖最佳女主角 提名和囊括奥斯卡金像奖五项大奖电影列表 奧斯卡金像獎特殊記錄 A1 2 ：根据前3届奥斯卡奖的角逐规则，一位演员可以因多种电影获得同一项提名。葛丽泰·嘉宝和瑙玛·希拉均因两部影片获提名，但现行规则中已经禁止了这种情况。希拉本因两部电影获提名，但获奖时列出的电影只有一部，对此电影艺术与科学学院没有给出正式解释。 B^ ：贝蒂·戴维斯并没有因《人生的枷锁》获得提名，但由于这年（和次年）有多位富于影响的人为戴维斯宣传，要求给予她提名，所以学院这年放松了规定，允许投票者将她的名字直接写在选票上来参加角逐。严格意义上来说，这意味着任何女演员都有可能因主演相应年份的某部电影获提名，但学院并不正式认可戴维斯的提名。 C1 2 ：凯瑟琳·赫本和芭芭拉·史翠珊获得的支持票数完全相同，因此根据学院的规则两人并列获奖。 Rule One: Award Definitions (PDF). 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