姜黄属

薑黃屬（学名：Curcuma）是薑科下的一个属，为多年生草本植物。常見的植物有薑黃及薑荷花。该属共有50多种，分布于东南亚、華南地區、印度次大陸、新幾內亞及澳大利亚北部。 據報部分物種已在這個世界比較溫暖的地區本土化，例如：非洲的熱帶地區、中美洲、北美洲的佛罗里达州及其他位於太平洋、印度洋及大西洋的島嶼上。一般來說，大多數薑黃屬物種在陰涼處的鬆散沙質土壤中生長良好。 薑黃屬的學名源於梵文的kuṅkuma，意思就是薑黃。西元五世紀前後、魏晉南北朝期間，鬱金經西域、中亞再傳入中國，用作香藥。原名音譯自波斯文 Kurkam (كركم)，以 -t 入聲字「鬱」對譯 -r，以 -m 陽聲韻字「金」對譯波斯文 /kam/。薑黃早在古時就已經為印度人用於醫藥用途，更常用於為咖喱粉、芥末、黃油及奶酪等食物添色添味，又或替代藏紅花或其他黃色色素的地位。而在東亞，當地土產本属植物的根茎及膨大的块根大都可供药用：根茎为中药材“姜黄”或“莪术”的商品来源，块根则为“郁金”的来源。 世界植物在线 目前包括： Curcuma achrae Saensouk & Boonma Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. 白花姜黄 Curcuma albiflora Thwaites 薑荷花 Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. : Siam tulip Curcuma amada Roxb. : mango-ginger 极苦姜黄 Curcuma amarissima Roscoe Curcuma andersonii (Baker) Škornick. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Curcuma antinaia Chaveer. & Tanee Curcuma arida Škornick. & N.S.Lý 郁金 Curcuma aromatica Salisb. 温郁金 Curcuma aromatica var. Wenyujin Curcuma arracanensis W.J.Kress & V.Gowda Curcuma aruna Maknoi & Saensouk Curcuma attenuata Wall. ex Baker Curcuma aurantiaca Zijp Curcuma australasica Hook.f. Curcuma bakeriana Hemsl. Curcuma bella Maknoi, K.Larsen & Sirirugsa Curcuma bhatii (R.M.Sm.) Škornick. & M.Sabu 双色姜黄 Curcuma bicolor Mood & K.Larsen Curcuma caesia Roxb. Curcuma campanulata (Kuntze) Škornick. Curcuma candida (Wall.) Techapr. & Škornick. Curcuma cannanorensis R.Ansari, V.J.Nair & N.C.Nair Curcuma caulina J.Graham Curcuma ceratotheca K.Schum. Curcuma chantaranothaii Boonma & Saensouk Curcuma charanii Boonma & Saensouk Curcuma cinnabarina Škorničk. & Soonthornk. Curcuma clovisii Škornick. 交趾姜黄 Curcuma cochinchinensis Gagnep. Curcuma codonantha Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk. Curcuma coerulea K.Schum. Curcuma colorata Valeton Curcuma comosa Roxb. Curcuma coriacea Mangaly & M.Sabu Curcuma corniculata Škornick. Curcuma cotuana Luu, Škornick. & H.Ð.Tran Curcuma decipiens Dalzell Curcuma eburnea Škorničk., Suksathan & Soonthornk. Curcuma ecomata Craib Curcuma elata Roxb. Curcuma euchroma Valeton 细莪术 Curcuma exigua N.Liu Curcuma ferruginea Roxb. Curcuma flammea kornick. 黄花姜黄 Curcuma flaviflora S.Q.Tong Curcuma glans K.Larsen & Mood Curcuma glauca (Wall.) Škornick. Curcuma gracillima Gagnep. Curcuma graminifolia (K.Larsen & Jenjitt.) Škornick. Curcuma grandiflora Wall. ex Baker 古林箐姜黄 Curcuma gulinqingensis N.H.Xia & Juan Chen Curcuma haritha Mangaly & M.Sabu Curcuma harmandii Gagnep. Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zijp Curcuma ignea Ruchis. & Jenjitt. Curcuma inodora Blatt. Curcuma involucrata (King ex Baker) Škornick. Curcuma kakchingense Bidyaleima, Kishor & Sharma Curcuma karnatakensis Amalraj, Velay. & Mural. Curcuma kayahensis Nob.Tanaka & M.M.Aung Curcuma kudagensis Velay., V.S.Pillai & Amalraj 广西莪术 Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee & C.F.Liang Curcuma larsenii Maknoi & Jenjitt. Curcuma latiflora Valeton Curcuma latifolia Roscoe Curcuma leonidii Škornick. & Luu identified at 布亞摩國家公園 Curcuma leucorrhiza Roxb. Curcuma lindstromii Škorničk. & Soonthornk. Curcuma lithophila Škorničk. & Soonthornk. Curcuma loerzingii Valeton 薑黃 Curcuma longa L. : turmeric - 模式种 Curcuma longispica Valeton Curcuma macrochlamys (Baker) Škornick. Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp Curcuma maxwellii Škorničk. & Suksathan Curcuma meraukensis Valeton Curcuma montana Roxb. Curcuma mukhraniae R.Kr.Singh & Arti Garg Curcuma mutabilis Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk. 缅甸姜黄 Curcuma myanmarensis (W.J.Kress) Škornick. Curcuma nakhonphanomensis Boonma, Saensouk & P. Saensouk 南昆山莪术 Curcuma nankunshanensis N.Liu, X.B.Ye & Juan Chen Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight 尼泊尔姜黄 Curcuma nepalensis M. Sabu, Kasaju & S. Subedi Curcuma newmanii Škornick. Curcuma oligantha Trimen Curcuma ornata Wall. ex Baker Curcuma pambrosima Škornick. & N.S.Lý Curcuma papilionacea Soonthornk., Ongsakul & Škorničk. Curcuma parviflora Wall. Curcuma parvula Gage Curcuma pedicellata (Chaveer. & Mokkamul) Škornick. Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi 女王鬱金 Curcuma petiolata Roxb. 莪术 Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton Curcuma phrayawan Boonma & Saensouk Curcuma picta Roxb. ex Škornick. Curcuma pierreana Gagnep. Curcuma pitukii Maknoi, Saensouk, Rakarcha & Thammar. Curcuma plicata Wall. ex Baker Curcuma porphyrotaenia Zipp. ex Span. Curcuma prakasha S.Tripathi Curcuma prasina Skornick. Curcuma pseudomontana J.Graham Curcuma puangpeniae Boonma & Saensouk Curcuma pulcherrima Boonma, Saensouk & P. Saensouk Curcuma purpurascens Blume Curcuma purpurata Boonma & Saensouk Curcuma putii Maknoi & Jenjitt. Curcuma pygmaea Škornick. & Šída f. Curcuma rangjued Saensouk & Boonma Curcuma rangsimae Boonma & Saensouk Curcuma reclinata Roxb. Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & M.F.Newman Curcuma rhomba Mood & K.Larsen Curcuma roscoeana Wall. Curcuma rosea P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk & Boonma Curcuma roxburghii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf Curcuma rubescens Roxb. Curcuma rubroaurantiaca Škorničk. & Soonthornk Curcuma rubrobracteata Škornick., M.Sabu & Prasanthk. Curcuma rufostriata Škorničk. & Soonthornk. Curcuma ruiliensis N. H. Xia & Juan Chen Curcuma sahuynhensis Škornick. & N.S.Lý 沙拉武里姜黄 Curcuma saraburiensis Boonma & Saensouk，泰国沙拉武里府 Curcuma sattayasaiorum Chaveer. & Sudmoon Curcuma scaposa (Nimmo) Škornick. & M.Sabu Curcuma sessilis Gage 暹罗姜黄 Curcuma siamensis Saensouk & Boonma 四川姜黄 Curcuma sichuanensis X.X.Chen,川郁金 Curcuma singularis Gagnep. 六感姜黄 Curcuma sixsensesensis D.D. Nguyen & T.A. Le Curcuma sparganiifolia Gagnep. Curcuma stahlianthoides Škorničk. & Soonthornk. Curcuma stenochila Gagnep. Curcuma strobilifera Wall. ex Baker 苏门答腊姜黄 Curcuma sumatrana Miq. Curcuma suphanensis P. Saensouk, Boonma, Rakarcha, Maknoi, Wongnak & S. Saensouk Curcuma supraneeana (W.J.Kress & K.Larsen) Škornick. Curcuma suraponii Boonma. 2023 Curcuma sylvatica Valeton Curcuma thorelii Gagnep. 童氏姜黄 Curcuma tongii Y.H.Tan & Li X.Zhang Curcuma trichosantha Gagnep. Curcuma ubonensis Boonma, Saensouk, Maknoi & P. Saensouk Curcuma vamana M.Sabu & Mangaly Curcuma vinhlinhensis D.D. Nguyen & T.A. Le 二黄 Curcuma viridiflora Roxb.，绿花姜黄 Curcuma vitellina Škornick. & H.Ð.Tran Curcuma wallichii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf Curcuma wanenlueanga Saensouk, Thomudtha & Boonma 温郁金 urcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen & C. Ling Curcuma wilcockii M.A.Rahman & Yusuf Curcuma woodii N.H.Xia & Juan Chen Curcuma xanthella Škornick. 英德姜黄 Curcuma yingdeensis N.H.Xia & Juan Chen 顶花莪术 Curcuma yunnanensis N.Liu & S.J.Chen，云南姜黄 印尼莪术 Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. : temu lawak 莪术 Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe : zedoary Curcuma zedoarioides Chaveer. & Tanee 查看维基词典中的词条「姜黄属」。 Curcuma aeruginosa Curcuma longa Curcuma sp. Curcuma sp. 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DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2021.49.1.03 Jana Leong-Škorničková, Sutthinut Soonthornkalump, Anders Jan Lindström, Sira Niwesrat, Sarah Qing Lim and Piyakaset Suksathan. 2023. ﻿Curcuma maxwellii and C. rubroaurantiaca (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberoideae), Two New Species from Thailand. PhytoKeys. 235: 237-248. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.235.111400 Piyaporn Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma and Surapon Saensouk. 2022. Curcuma nakhonphanomensis (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from the lower Mekong River Basin, northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas. 23: 6040-6048. https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/12165 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Mamiyil Sabu, Saroj Kumar Kasaju and Sajan Subedi. 2023. Curcuma nepalensis (Zingiberaceae), a New Species from Nepal. Annales Botanici Fennici 60(1), 185-189. DOI: 10.5735/085.060.0127 Sutthinut Soonthornkalump, Annop Ongsakul, Aumdah Dolaji and Jana Leong-Škorničková. 2020. Curcuma papilionacea (Zingiberaceae), An Unusual New Species from southern Thailand. Phytotaxa. 432(1); 11–16. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.432.1.2 Keooudone Souvannakhoummane and Charun Maknoi. 2014. Curcuma peramoena (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from north Lao PDR. THAI JOURNAL OF BOTANY. 6(2); 125-130. Piyaporn Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma and Surapon Saensouk. 2022. Curcuma pulcherrima (Zingiberaceae), A New Rare Species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomata from eastern Thailand. Biodiversitas. 23: 6635-6644. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231262 Charun Maknoi, Saroj Ruchisansakun and Thaya Jenjittikul. 2019. Curcuma putii (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Annales Botanici Fennici. 56; 351-353. plantscience.sc.mahidol.ac.th/?p=2837 Surapon Saensouk, Thawatphong Boonma and Piyaporn Saensouk. 2021. A New Species and A New Record of Curcuma subgen. Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) from Northern Thailand. Biodiversitas. 22(9); 3661-3670. Juan Chen, Yu‐Shi Ye and Nian‐He Xia. 2021. Curcuma ruiliensis (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from Yunnan, China. Nordic Journal of Botany. 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Curcuma wanenlueanga (Zingiberaceae), A New Species of Subgenus Curcuma from Thailand. Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological Diversity. 22(7); 2988-2994. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220752 Juan CHEN, Anders J. LINDSTROM and Nian-He XIA . 2015. Curcuma woodii (Zingiberaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 227(1): 075–082. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.227.1.8 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：姜黄属