舞虻

舞虻，又名舞蠅，是舞虻科（Empididae）的昆蟲，已發現超過3000種，大部份分佈在全北區。牠們主要是掠食性的，有多種不同的形態，一般都是細小至中等身型的，非金屬色及有剛毛的。 一些舞虻，如歐洲的Hilara maura，雄虻會將獵物用絲包裹，用來向雌虻求愛。大部份舞虻幼蟲都是掠食性的，並棲息在不同的環境，包括水中或陸上。 在琥珀礦床中發掘出很多舞虻，並且肯定牠們早至白堊紀就已經存在。 有兩類原先是分類在舞虻科下的亞科，但現已分類在舞虻總科（英语：Empidoidea）下為另外兩個科，包括Atelestidae（英语：Atelestidae）及駝舞虻科（英语：Hypotidae）。Brachystomatidae（英语：Brachystomatidae）有時亦會被看為獨立的科，但似乎是錯誤的分類。Microphorinae（英语：Microphorinae）以往一直分類在舞虻科中，曾一度重新分類為獨立的科，現已改為長足虻科下的亞科。 現時分類在舞虻科下的亞科，並非所有已確定為單系群。有學者認為舞虻科與長足虻科是舞虻總科下最大及最先進的分支。Brachystomatinae（英语：Brachystomatinae）、舞虻亞科（英语：Empidinae）及螳舞虻亞科（英语：Hemerodromiinae）似乎是最近親，而Clinocerinae（英语：Clinocerinae）似乎是最大的亞科。 本科包括以下属： Acallomyia Melander, 1927 Acanthoclinocera Saigusa, 1965 Acanthopeza Becker, 1914 Acarteus Achelipoda Yang, Zhang & Zhang, 2007 Aclinocera Yang & Yang, 1995 Aclonempis Collin, 1926 Adipsomyia Yang, Zhang & Zhang, 2007 Afroclinocera Sinclair, 1999 Afrodromia Smith, 1969 Afroempis Smith, 1969 Allochrotus Collin, 1933 Amictoides Bezzi, 1910 Amydroneura Collin, 1926 Anaclastoctedon Plant, 2010 Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 Antipodromia Plant, 2011 Aplomera Macquart, 1839 Archiplatypalpus Kovalev, 1974 Argyrandrus Bezzi, 1909 Asioclinocera Asymphyloptera Collin, 1933 Atalanta Cordey & Carter, 1996 Atrichopleura Bezzi, 1910 Axelempis Curran, 1931 Bandella Bickel, 2002 Bergenstammia Mik, 1881 Bolrhamphomyia Rafael, 2010 Brochella Melander, 1928 Burmitempis Cockerell, 1917 Calohilara Frey, 1952 Camelopsis Engel, 1918 Chamaedipsia Mik, 1881 Chelifera Macquart, 1823 Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 Chelipodozus Collin, 1933 Chilerhamphomyia Rafael, 2010 Choreodromia Frey, 1922 Cladodromia Bezzi, 1905 Clinocera Meigen, 1803 Clinocerella Engel, 1918 Clinorhampha Collin, 1933 Colabris Melander, 1928 Collinaria Frey, 1950 Coptophlebia Bezzi, 1909 Cretoplatypalpus Kovalev, 1978 Ctenodrapetis Bezzi, 1904 Cunomyia Bickel, 1998 Cyrtoma Dasyrhamphomyia Frey, 1922 Deuteragonista Philippi, 1865 Disneyempis Smith, 1976 Dolichocephala Macquart, 1823 Doliodromia Collin, 1928 Drapetiella Meunier, 1908 Drymodromia Becker, 1914 Dryodromia Rondani, 1856 Dryodromya Rondani, 1856 Dusmetina Collado, 1930 Edenophorus Smith, 1969 Electrocyrtoma Cockerell, 1917 Empidadelpha Collin, 1928 Empidadelpha pokekeao Kerr & Tweed, 2021 Empidadelpha propria Collin, 1928 Empidadelpha sobrina Collin, 1933 Empidadelpha torrentalis (Miller, 1923) Empidia Weyenbergh, 1869 Empimorpha Coquillett, 1895 Empis Linnaeus, 1758 Emplita Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999 Epiceia Walker, 1860 Eucelidia Mik, 1881 Euempis Frey, 1953 Eugowra Bickel, 2006 Euthyneuriella Meunier, 1908 Fraudator Hutton, 1901 Fur Jones, 1940 Gynatoma Collin, 1928 Hasmona Giebel, 1856 Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822 Hesperempis Melander, 1906 Hilara Meigen, 1822 Hilarempis Bezzi, 1905 Hilarigona Collin, 1933 Hilarites Heer, 1856 Hilaropus White, 1917 Holoclera Schiner, 1860 Homalocnemimus Mostovski, 1999 Hybomyia Plant, 1995 Hypenella Collin, 1941 Hystrichonotus Collin, 1933 Icasma Collin, 1928 Illiesiella Wagner, 1985 Kowarzia Mik, 1881 Kritempis Collin, 1926 Lamposoma Becker, 1889 Lamprempis Wheeler & Melander, 1901 Leptempis Collin, 1926 Leptometopiella Melander, 1928 Leptosceles Haliday, 1833 Lissempis Bezzi, 1909 Lochmocola Hong, 1981 Macrostomus Wiedemann, 1817 Megacyttarus Bigot, 1880 Meghyperiella Meunier, 1908 Melanderalus Metachela Coquillett, 1903 Monodromia Collin, 1928 Munburra Bickel, 2006 Neocota Coquillett, 1895 Neoplasta Coquillett, 1895 Neoza Obstinocephala Jones, 1940 Ochtherohilara Frey, 1952 Opeatocerata Melander, 1928 Oreothalia Melander, 1902 Oustaletimyia Meunier, 1894 Pachymeria Stephens, 1829 Palaeoedalea Meunier, 1902 Palaeoleptopeza Meunier, 1908 Palaeoparamesia Meunier, 1902 Paramesia Macquart, 1835 Pararhamphomyia Frey, 1922 Parathalassiella Meunier, 1908 Pasitrichotus Collin, 1933 Phaeobalia Mik, 1881 Philetus Melander, 1928 Philolura Philolutra Mik, 1882 Phleboctena Bezzi, 1909 Phoneutisca Loew, 1863 Phyllodromia Zetterstedt, 1837 Planempis Frey, 1953 Platyhilara Frey, 1952 Platyptera Meigen, 1803 Polyblepharis Bezzi, 1909 Porphyrochroa Melander, 1928 Proagomyia Collin, 1933 Proclinopyga Melander, 1928 Progloma James, 1937 Protoedalea Cockerell, 1920 Protoreogeton Mostovski, 1999 Pseudoheleodromia Wagner, 2001 Pseudoragas Frey, 1952 Pseudowiedemannia Engel, 1918 Pterempis Bezzi, 1909 Ptilophyllodromia Bezzi, 1904 Rhadinempis Collin, 1926 Rhamphella Malloch, 1930 Rhamphomyia Meigen, 1822 Rhyacodromia Saigusa, 1986 Roederella Engel, 1918 Roederia Mik, 1881 Roederiodes Coquillett, 1901 Rubistella Jones, 1940 Sabinios Jones, 1940 Sciodromia Westwood, 1840 Sinohilara Zhou, Li & Yang, 2010 Sororsenexa Plant, 2011 Sphicosa Philippi, 1865 Steleocheta Becker, 1887 Stelochaeta Stuckenbergia Smith, 1969 Styrex Scopoli, 1763 Synechus Tachydroma Thalassempis Saigusa, 1994 Thanategia Melander, 1927 Thinempis Bickel, 1996 Thirza Giebel, 1856 Toreus Melander, 1906 Trichoclinocera Collin, 1941 Trichohilara Collin, 1933 Turonempis Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999 Wiedemania Wiedemannia Zetterstedt, 1838 Xanthempis Bezzi, 1909 Sinclair, B.J. & Cumming, J.M. The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera) (PDF). Zootaxa. 2006, 1180: 1–172 [2009-01-31]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03）.  Moulton, J.K. & Wiegmann, B.M. The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2007, 43 (3): 701–713. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.029.  D. Steven Kerr and James M. H. Tweed. 2021. Empidadelpha pokekeao (Diptera: Empididae): A New Species from New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist. DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2021.1951933 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：舞虻 NADS British Insects: the Families of Diptera （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Australasian/Oceanian Diptera Catalog （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Fossil Diptera catalog （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）