堅定決心行動

堅定決心行動（英語：Operation Inherent Resolve，縮寫：OIR，或譯堅決行動），是指在2014年對伊斯蘭國的軍事干預時，美軍公布的軍事行動名稱，其包括了美國領軍的對敘利亞干預和2014年起美國領軍的對伊拉克干預（英语：American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)）在內。 Islamic State, rival Al Nusra Front each strengthen grip on Syria. Los Angeles Times. 28 November 2014 [6 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）.  Master. Negotiations failed between the IS, Jabhat al-Nusra and Islamic battalions. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. （原始内容存档于17 November 2014）.  War of Words Between al Qaeda and ISIS Continues With Scholar's Smackdown. NBC News. [6 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-01）.  IŞİD ve El Nusra'nın birleştiği iddia edildi. Star Gazete. [14 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于28 January 2015） （土耳其语）.  An internal struggle: Al Qaeda's Syrian affiliate is grappling with its identity. Brookings Institution. 31 May 2015 [1 June 2015]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-02）.  Charkatli, Izat. Over 2,000 radical rebels defect to ISIS following intra-rebel deal. 23 February 2017 [12 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于28 May 2019）.  Search for the dead begins in Idlib after Islamic State-linked brigade leaves for Raqqa. 22 February 2017 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-09）.  Caleb Weiss. Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria. Long War Journal. 14 February 2017 [22 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-14）.  Nick Paton Walsh; Laura Smith-Spark. Report: Airstrikes target new Islamist group in Syria. CNN. 6 November 2014 [6 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-18）.  Template:伦敦公报 Islamic State confirms Baghdadi is dead, appoints successor. Reuters. 31 October 2019 [31 October 2019]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-09）.  ISIS leader killed in US military raid in Syria, with multiple civilian fatalities. TheJournal.ie. 3 February 2022 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-25）.  Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi: IS leader 'killed in US operation' in Syria. BBC News. 27 October 2019 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-30）.  Report: A former physics teacher is now leading ISIS. Business Insider. 23 April 2015 [29 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）.  Hubbard, Ben; Schmitt, Eric. Military Skill and Terrorist Technique Fuel Success of ISIS. The New York Times. 27 August 2014 [21 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-28）.  Matt Bradley; Ghassan Adnan; Felicia Schwartz. Coalition Airstrikes Targeted Islamic State Leaders Near Mosul. The Wall Street Journal. 10 November 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-22）.  Kadyrov Claims Red-Bearded Chechen Militant al-Shishani Dead. ElBalad. 14 November 2014. （原始内容存档于28 January 2015）.  卡德罗夫称格鲁吉亚 "伊斯兰国 "领导人已被击毙. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 14 November 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-28）.  Antonopoulos, Paul. BREAKING: Al-Qaeda's deputy leader killed in Idlib drone strike. 26 February 2017 [12 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于30 June 2019）.  Syria's Qaeda leader killed in explosion – ARA News. ARA News. [31 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于8 March 2015）.  Al-Qaida Reasserts Itself With Khorasan Group. NPR. 3 October 2014 [23 July 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-14）.  Key al-Qaeda figure Muhsin al-Fadhli killed in U.S. airstrike in Syria – Pentagon. BNO News. [21 July 2015]. （原始内容存档于25 December 2018）.  French jihadist Drugeon killed in Syria: US official. AFP. 11 September 2015 [11 September 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-16）.  Abu Yahia al-Hamawi, Ahrar al-Sham's New Leader. Syria Comment. 12 September 2015 [17 September 2015]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-05）.  Syria rebels name slain leader's replacement. Al Jazeera English. 10 September 2014 [10 September 2014]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-14）.  Syria rebels name slain leader's replacement. Al Jazeera English. 10 September 2014 [10 September 2014]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-14）.  Sgt. Deja Borden. Build Partner Capacity strengthens bonds, armies (PDF) (新闻稿). Combined Joint Task Force, Operation Inherent Resolve. 15 April 2015. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于23 April 2015）.  Sisk, Richard. ISIS Fires Mortars Near Marines Deployed to Train Iraq Forces. Military.com. 31 October 2017 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-18）.  U.S. Department of Defense, Photo Essay.. United States Department of Defense. [29 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-14）.  PATFORSWA: Guardians of the Arabian Gulf. coastguard.dodlive.mil. United States Coast Guard. [21 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）. PATFORSWA also supported Operation Enduring Freedom and in 2015 transitioned to supporting Operation Inherent Resolve  Michelle Tan. 2-star on Iraq: 'Still a big fight going on here'. Army Times. 30 December 2014 [29 May 2015].  Crowley, Michael. Obama la Mission Creep in Iraq. Time. 18 August 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-20）.  Welch, William M. US sending 350 more troops to Iraq. USA Today. 3 September 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-17）.  Obama doubling US troop levels in Iraq. Stars and Stripes. [28 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-18）.  Islamic State: Coalition 'pledges more troops' for Iraq. BBC News. 8 December 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-12）.  1,000 soldiers from the 82nd Airborne headed to Iraq. Stars and Stripes. [25 February 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-11）.  Barnes, Julian E. 2,300 U.S. Marines deploy new quick-reaction force in Kuwait. The Wall Street Journal. 1 October 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-05）.  Lamothe, Dan. US companies pulling contractors from Iraqi bases as security crumbles. The Washington Post. 19 July 2014 [13 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-17）.  Nissenbaum, Dion. Role of US Contractors Grows as Iraq Fights Insurgents. The Wall Street Journal. 3 February 2014 [13 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-01）.  USS Carl Vinson Takes Over Airstrike Campaign From USS George H. W. Bush (Video). KPBS. [6 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于4 November 2014）.  See U.S. warships head for ISIS fight. CNN. 13 April 2015 [29 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-05）.  USS Carl Vinson begins return to San Diego. San Diego: CBS 8. 13 April 2015 [29 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-18）.  US airstrikes in Syria, ABC News, [2023-08-24], （原始内容存档于2019-05-07）  Hennigan, W. J.; Cloud, David S. At War – Again. Florida Courier. 25 September 2014 [20 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于20 October 2014）.  Foster, Peter. US military launches air strikes against Isil in Syria. The Daily Telegraph (London). 23 September 2014 [20 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-23）.  含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link) Capaccio, Tony. Pentagon Says Islamic State Fight Costs $7.6 Million/Day. Bloomberg.com. 10 October 2014 [13 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-11）.  Kobani: US drops weapons to Kurds in Syria. The Guardian. Associated Press. 20 October 2014 [20 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-19）.  How US is Pinpointing ISIS Targets in Air War. NDTV. Agence France-Presse. 12 October 2014 [20 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-28）.  Baldor, Lolita. Pentagon: Up to $1.1B cost for Iraq, Syria. Marine Corps Times. Associated Press. 6 October 2014 [20 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于7 October 2014）.  Majumdar, Dave. Exclusive Pictures of Stealth Jet Raid on Syria. The Daily Beast. 25 September 2014 [20 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-11）.  Rush, James. Isis air strikes: US brings in Apache helicopters as British jets target militants in Iraq. The Independent (London). 6 October 2014 [8 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于24 May 2022）.  含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link) Trevithick, Joseph. U.S. Commandos Are Flying Around Iraq. Medium.com. 18 November 2014 [25 November 2014]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-09）.  Sanchez, Raf. Predator drones being flown over Isil's Syrian 'capital'. The Daily Telegraph (London). 8 September 2014 [11 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-08）.  含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link) Gordon, Greg. Once targeted, Global Hawk drone now hidden weapon in U.S. airstrikes. McClatchyDC.com. 29 September 2014 [20 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于28 January 2015）.  Barbara Starr, U.S. officials say 6,000 ISIS fighters killed in battles （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, CNN (22 January 2015). CIA says IS numbers underestimated （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Al Jazeera (12 September 2014). ISIS militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader. el-balad.com. [16 November 2014]. （原始内容存档于20 November 2014）.  Islamic State 'training pilots to fly fighter jets'. BBC News. 17 October 2014 [22 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-24）.  U.S.-led forces drop nearly 5,000 bombs on ISIS. Al Arabiya. 8 January 2015 [8 January 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-09）.  Fears of massacre as Isis tanks lead assault on Kurdish bastion. The Times. 4 October 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-10）.  Now ISIS has drones?. CNN. 24 August 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-04）.  Footage From an ISIS Drone. NYTimes.com – Video. 30 August 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-02）.  Taylor, Adam. In bizarre new video, Islamic State hostage gives tour of Kobane. The Washington Post blogs. 27 October 2014 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-11）.  ISIS: We Nabbed an Iranian Drone. The Daily Beast. [6 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-02）.  Gen. Dempsey Claims Airstrikes in Syria that Targeted Khorasan Group Disrupted Plots Against US. KNEB Radio. （原始内容存档于9 October 2014）.  Moubayed, Sami. Is Syria's Idlib being groomed as Islamist killing ground?. Asia Times. 29 January 2017 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-05）.  Syrian opposition merger in Jan 2017. archicivilians. [26 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-15）.  Joscelyn, Thomas. Hay'at Tahrir al Sham leader calls for 'unity' in Syrian insurgency. Long Wars Journal. 10 February 2017. （原始内容存档于11 February 2017）.  Al-awsat, Asharq. Syria: Surfacing of 'Hai'at Tahrir al-Sham' Threatens Truce – ASHARQ AL-AWSAT English. 30 January 2017 [12 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于15 February 2017）.  Immediate Release Casualty Status as of 10 a.m. EDT July 16 2024 (PDF). 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區: 美國國防部. [2024-09-03] （英语）.  （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Islamic State Kassig murder: Western jihadists probed. BBC News. 17 November 2014 [17 November 2014]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-01）.  Islamic State Allies In Egypt Say They Killed American Oil Worker William Henderson. The Huffington Post. 1 December 2014 [6 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）.  BBC News – Libya hotel attack: Five foreigners among nine killed. BBC News. 28 January 2015 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-02）.  "Kayla Mueller, American ISIL hostage, is dead," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Al Jazeera America, 10 February 2015 Lamothe, Dan, Air Force F-16 pilot killed in crash in Middle East, The Washington Post, 1 December 2014 [2023-08-24], （原始内容存档于2018-12-20）  Isil using anti aircraft batteries captured in Iraq, The World Tribune, 12 September 2014, （原始内容存档于1 September 2015）  Rempfer, Kyle. One US service member killed in aircraft crash in Iraq. Military Times. 20 August 2018 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-20）.  Rempfer, Kyle. CENTCOM: No survivors after US helicopter crash in western Iraq. Air Force Times. 16 March 2018.  Karouny, Mariam. U.S. loses drone over Syria, which claims to have brought it down. Reuters. 17 March 2015 [31 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-25）.  Roba Alhenawi. Syria says it shot down U.S. drone. CNN. 17 March 2015 [31 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-16）.  Once promised paradise, ISIS fighters end up in mass graves. The Straits Times. 15 October 2017 [11 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-12）.  Airstrikes in Iraq and Syria. US Department of Defense. 30 September 2016 [21 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-31）.  Reuters, Brett Wolf, "RPT-INSIGHT-In taking economic war to Islamic State, U.S. developing new tools" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 24 November 2015. About 3 thousand citizens were killed by the International Coalition warplanes in Syria within about 10700 persons who were killed during 38 months of their military operations in Syria. SOHR. 23 November 2017 [11 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-01）.  U.S. Airstrike Kills More Than 100 al-Qaida Fighters in Syria. US Department of Defense. 20 January 2017 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-14）.  US-led air strikes hit al-Qaeda affiliate in Syria. Reuters. 6 November 2014 [9 November 2014]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-12）.  Pentagon: 11 al Qaeda terrorists killed in airstrikes near Idlib, Syria | FDD's Long War Journal. www.longwarjournal.org. 8 February 2017 [2023-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-19）.  Air strikes kill 12 fighters in Syria's Idlib: monitor. Reuters. 3 February 2017. （原始内容存档于4 May 2022）.  IS executes 61 people during the ninth month of declaration its alleged "Caliphate". SOHR. 29 March 2015 [29 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-07）.  Clashes around Aleppo city and more losses in al-Hasakah. SOHR. 29 March 2015 [29 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-23）.  US-led Coalition in Iraq & Syria. Airwars. [19 October 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-15）.  Iraq crisis: Islamists force 500,000 to flee Mosul. BBC News. 11 June 2014 [11 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-28）.  10,000 Yazidis rescued through safe corridor, as ISIL 'fire on aid helicopters'. Hurriyet Daily News. [1 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-12）.  Most US Airstrikes in Syria Target a City That's Not a "Strategic Objective". Mother Jones. [29 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-13）.  联军在叙利亚和伊拉克的空袭造成 8,214 至 13,125 名平民死亡（根据《空战》）[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 联军行动造成 1,335 名平民死亡（每个联军）[2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 多國聯合打擊IS 正名為「堅定決心」行動. 自由時報. 2014-10-16 [2015-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-29）.  维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：堅定決心行動