非洲大蝸牛科

非洲大蝸牛科（學名：Achatinidae），又名瑪瑙螺科，包括超過100个属，都是原生于非洲的大型和中型陆生蜗牛，成蝸每年可以產3-6次卵，每次產卵因體形不同，每次產卵約50-500顆。 該科的蝸牛分佈於撒哈拉以南非洲。 該科蝸牛的單倍體染色體大約有26到30。 該科分類在非正式群體弯尿道亚目下，屬於柄眼亞目、真肺目，下領四個亞科。 2017年，根據《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，原來柄眼目之下的四大分類重組，本科成為了瑪瑙螺亞目的成員之餘，下領八個亞科的鑽頭螺科亦被併入本科。因此，非洲大蝸牛科成為了一個下領12個亞科的龐大分類，而不少亞科之下又再細分為多個族。 以下為非洲大蝸牛科之下的12個亞科： 瑪瑙螺亞科 Achatininae Swainson, 1840：異名包括Urceidae Chaper, 1884及Ampullidae Winckworth, 1945 Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907 Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916 珀色螺亚科 Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920 鑽螺亞科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931 Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999 Pyrgininae Germain, 1916 锡金螺亚科 Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999 刍螺亞科 Rumininae Wenz, 1923 窄圆螺亚科 Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877 鑽頭螺亞科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877 Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895 各个亚科包含的属如下： 族 Achatinini Swainson, 1840 玛瑙螺属 Achatina Lamarck, 1799 Archachatina Albers, 1850 Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888 Bequaertina Mead, 1994 Brownisca Mead, 2004 Bruggenina Mead, 2004 Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889 Cochlitoma A. Férussac, 1821 Leptocalina Bequaert, 1950 Leptocallista Pilsbry, 1904 Lignus Gray, 1834 Metachatina Pilsbry, 1904 Pseudachatina Albers, 1850 Achatinus Montfort, 1810，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799 Achatium Link, 1807，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799 Agathina J. Férussac, 1807，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799 Burtopsis Bourguignat, 1889，接受名为： Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889 Euaethiops Clench & Archer, 1930，接受名为：Achatina (Euaethiopina) Bequaert, 1950 Eutaxis Ancey, 1888，接受名为：Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888 Geodes Gistel, 1848，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799 Livinhacia Crosse, 1889，接受名为：Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889 Megachatina Bequaert & Clench, 1936，接受名为：Archachatina (Calachatina) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Archachatina Albers, 1850 Oncaea Gistel, 1848 ，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799 Parachatina Bourguignat, 1889，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799 Pseudotrochus Mörch, 1852，接受名为：Lignus Gray, 1834 Serpaea Bourguignat, 1889，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799 Urceus Mörch, 1857，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799 族 Callistoplepini Mead, 1994 Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888 Leptocala Ancey, 1888 Ganomidos d'Ailly, 1896，接受名为：Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888 Petitia Jousseaume, 1884，接受名为：Leptocala Ancey, 1888 族 Limicolariini Schileyko, 1999 Columna Perry, 1811 Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817 Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910 Perideriopsis Putzeys, 1898，接受名为：Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817 Rebmanniella Preston, 1911，接受名为：Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910 † Arabicolaria Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016 Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865 Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907 Neosubulina E.A. Smith, 1898 Bathyaxis Ancey, 1887，接受名为：Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865 Microbeliscus Weyrauch, 1964，接受名为：Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907 Nannobeliscus Weyrauch, 1967，接受名为：Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907 Sphalerostoma Girard, 1892，接受名为：Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865 Cryptelasmus Pilsbry, 1907 Thomea Girard, 1893 珀色螺属 Glessula E. von Martens, 1860 Electra Albers, 1850，接受名为：Glessula E. von Martens, 1860 Jadukamia Godwin-Austen, 1920，接受名为：Glessula E. von Martens, 1860 滑胚玛瑙螺属 Lissachatina Bequaert, 1950 Eremopeas Pilsbry, 1906 钻螺属 Opeas Albers, 1850 † Pacaudiella Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016 Bocageia Girard, 1893 Ceras Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901 Chilonopsis Fischer von Waldheim, 1848 Cleostyla Dall, 1896 Comoropeas Pilsbry, 1906 Dictyoglessula Pilsbry, 1919 Homorus Albers, 1850 Ischnoglessula Pilsbry, 1919 Itiopiana Preston, 1910 Kempioconcha Preston, 1913 Liobocageia Pilsbry, 1919 Mabilliella Ancey, 1886 Nothapalinus Connolly, 1923 Nothapalus E. von Martens, 1897 Oleata L. Ortiz de Zarate & R. Ortiz de Zarate, 1959 Oreohomorus Pilsbry, 1919 Petriola Dall, 1905 Subuliniscus Pilsbry, 1919 Subulona E. von Martens, 1889 Kempia Preston, 1913，接受名为：Kempioconcha Preston, 1913 Kenia Preston, 1911，接受名为：Nothapalus E. von Martens, 1897 Pileata L. Ortiz de Zarate & R. Ortiz de Zarate, 1959，接受名为：Subulona E. von Martens, 1889 Pseudocerastus Germain, 1918，接受名为：Kempioconcha Preston, 1913 Trichodina Ancey, 1888，接受名为：Petriola Dall, 1905 Pseudobalea Shuttleworth, 1854 Pyrgina Greef, 1882 杆状螺属 Bacillum Theobald, 1870 Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946 锡金螺属 Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920 卷轴螺属 Tortaxis Pilsbry, 1906 Dikrangia Godwin-Austen, 1920，接受名为：Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920 Ranibania Schileyko & Kuznetsov, 1996，接受名为：Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920 (objective synonym) Tomopeas Pilsbry, 1906，接受名为：Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946 Balfouria Crosse, 1885 Krapfiella Preston, 1911 Lubricetta F. Haas, 1928 Namibiella Zilch, 1954 Riebeckia E. von Martens, 1883 刍螺属 Rumina Risso, 1826 Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902 Cylindrina Schlüter, 1838，接受名为：Rumina Risso, 1826 Eburnea Mousson, 1888，接受名为：Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902 Orbitina Risso, 1826，接受名为：Rumina Risso, 1826 Sira A. Schmidt, 1855，接受名为：Rumina Risso, 1826 Chryserpes Pilsbry, 1906 Cupulella Aguayo & Jaume, 1948 Dolicholestes Pilsbry, 1906 Lyobasis Pilsbry, 1903 Neobeliscus Pilsbry, 1896 Obeliscus H. Beck, 1837 Ochroderma Ancey, 1885 Ochrodermatina Thiele, 1931 Ochrodermella Pilsbry, 1907 Plicaxis Sykes, 1903 Promoussonius Pilsbry, 1906 Protobeliscus Pilsbry, 1906 Rhodea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 窄圆螺属 Stenogyra Shuttleworth, 1854 Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896 Zoniferella Pilsbry, 1906 Oxycheilus Albers, 1850，接受名为：Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896 Rhodina de Morgan, 1885，接受名为：Plicaxis Sykes, 1903 錐蝸牛屬 Allopeas H.B. Baker, 1935，异钻螺属 Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961 曲钻螺属 Curvella Chaper, 1885 Dysopeas H.B. Baker, 1927 Euonyma Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896 Fortuna Schlickum & Strauch, 1972 Hypolysia Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901 Lamellaxis Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882 Leptinaria H. Beck, 1837 Leptopeas H.B. Baker, 1927 Micropeas Connolly, 1923 Neoglessula Pilsbry, 1909 侧钻螺属 Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906 Pelatrinia Pilsbry, 1907 近钻螺属 Prosopeas Mörch, 1876 Pseudoglessula O. Boettger, 1892 Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899 Striosubulina Thiele, 1933 钻头螺属 Subulina H. Beck, 1837 Vegrandinia Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013 Zootecus Westerlund, 1887 Chilogymnus Ehrenberg, 1831 (taxon inquirendum) Beccaria Bourguignat, 1883，接受名为：Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899 Chilogymnus Jousseaume, 1894，接受名为：Zootecus Westerlund, 1887 (junior synonym) Diaopeas F. Haas, 1962，接受名为：Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961 Hapalus Albers, 1850，接受名为：曲钻螺属（Curvella Chaper, 1885） Nothus Albers, 1850，接受名为：Leptinaria H. Beck, 1837 Obeliscella Jousseaume, 1889，接受名为：Zootecus Westerlund, 1887 (junior synonym) Synopeas Jousseaume, 1889，接受名为：Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961 Thyrophorella Greeff, 1882 "Family summary for Achatinidae". AnimalBase, last change 24-11-2007, accessed 3 August 2010 Swainson W. J. (1840). A treatise on malacology161: 334. Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142. Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.  Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：非洲大蝸牛科 Lots of African Snail Pictures Achatinoidea pictures Excellent site (in German) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Achatinidae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Extensive information on Achatina and Archachatina in captivity with a helpful forum. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） US Dept of Agriculture （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）