磷酸亚铁

磷酸亚铁是磷酸的铁盐，化学式Fe3(PO4)2。它在自然界中以蓝铁矿形式存在，可用作肥料。 磷酸亚铁可以由硫酸亚铁和磷酸钠溶液反应而成： 3 FeSO4 + 2 Na3PO4 → Fe3(PO4)2↓ + 3 Na2SO4 磷酸和铁直接反应只会得到Fe(H2PO4)2·2H2O。无水磷酸亚铁可以由硝酸铁和磷酸二氢铵反应，然后加热产生的棕色物质而成。 无水磷酸亚铁呈单斜晶系，空间群P21/c (No. 14)。其四水合物和八水合物的晶体结构也是单斜晶系，空间群分别为P21/a (No. 14)和C2/m (No. 12)。 刚沉淀产生的八水合磷酸亚铁是蓝灰色固体，在空气氧化下转变成靛蓝色。对其进一步氧化会破坏其晶体结构，产生黄棕色的无定形体。 与磷酸反应，形成酸式盐： F e 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 + H 3 P O 4   →   3 F e H P O 4 {\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3FeHPO_{4}}}} F e 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 + 4 H 3 P O 4   →   3 F e ( H 2 P O 4 ) 2 {\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+4H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3Fe(H_{2}PO_{4})_{2}}}} 与氢反应生成磷化物： F e 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 + 8 H 2   → T   F e 3 P 2 + 8 H 2 O {\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+8H_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ Fe_{3}P_{2}+8H_{2}O}}} 水合物加热分解： F e 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 ⋅ 8 H 2 O   → − H 2 O T   F e 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 ⋅ 4 H 2 O   → − H 2 O 180 o C   F e 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 {\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{T}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 4H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{180^{o}C}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}}}} 磷酸亚铁可以和N2H4形成各种配合物，如深绿色的Fe3(PO4)2·3N2H4·5H2O、白色的Fe3(PO4)2·6N2H4·2.75H2O、浅绿色的Fe3(PO4)2·6N2H4·8H2O以及白色的Fe3(PO4)2·7N2H4·nH2O。它们都会爆炸。 磷酸铁 Eisenphosphate Lexikon der Chemie. [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 95 ed. CRC Press, 2014 Kostiner, E.; Rea, J. R. Crystal structure of ferrous phosphate, Fe3(PO4)2. Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1974, 13 (12): 2876–2880. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50142a021.  Jan D'Ans; Ellen Lax; Blachnik, Roger. Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker : Band III: Elemente, anorganische Verbindungen und Materialien, Minerale. Berlin, Heidelberg. 2013: 458. ISBN 978-3-642-58842-6. OCLC 913685219 （德语）.  Hunnius, Curt; Burger, Artur. Hunnius pharmazeutisches Wörterbuch. Berlin. 2020: 469. ISBN 978-3-11-086901-9. OCLC 1138499573 （德语）.  iron(II) phosphate octahydrate. chemister.ru. [2 July 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-03）.  Warner, Joanne K.; Cheetham, Anthony K.; Nord, Anders G.; Von Dreele, Robert B.; Yethiraj, Mohana. Magnetic structure of iron(II) phosphate, sarcopside, Fe3(PO4)2. Journal of Materials Chemistry (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1992, 2 (2): 191. ISSN 0959-9428. doi:10.1039/jm9920200191.  Eynard, A.; Campillo, M. C.; Barrón, V.; Torrent, J. Use of vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O) to prevent iron chlorosis in calcareous soils. Fertilizer Research (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 1992, 31 (1): 61–67. ISSN 0167-1731. doi:10.1007/bf01064228.  Abrahams, S. C.; Bernstein, J. L. Crystal Structure of Paramagnetic Ludlamite, Fe3(PO4)2·4H2O, at 298°K. The Journal of Chemical Physics (AIP Publishing). 1966-03-15, 44 (6): 2223–2229. ISSN 0021-9606. doi:10.1063/1.1727026.  Meijer, H.C.; Van den Handel, J.; Frikkee, E. Magnetic behaviour of vivianite, Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O. Physica (Elsevier BV). 1967, 34 (3): 475–483. ISSN 0031-8914. doi:10.1016/0031-8914(67)90015-8.  Bartl, H. Water of crystallization and its hydrogen-bonded crosslinking in vivianite Fe3(PO4)2 · 8H2O; a neutron diffraction investigation. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 1989, 333 (4-5): 401–403. ISSN 0016-1152. doi:10.1007/bf00572335.  British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 32, Pages 919-1821. British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1987: 973 [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.  British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 27, Pages 1-913. British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1982: 831 [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.  British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 32, Pages 919-1821. British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1987: 974 [2022-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-22）.  Редкол.: Кнунянц И.Л. и др. (编). Химическая энциклопедия. 2. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1990: 671. ISBN 5-82270-035-5.  Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (编). Справочник химика. 1 2-е изд., испр. М.-Л.: Химия. 1966: 1072.  Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (编). Справочник химика. 2 3-е изд., испр. Л.: Химия. 1971: 1168.  Рипан Р., Четяну И. Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов. 2. М.: Мир. 1972: 871.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：磷酸亚铁