杨树

杨属（学名：Populus）属于杨柳科，包含了胡杨、白杨、棉白杨等，通称杨树。杨属植物为落叶乔木，在落叶前叶子变黄。与柳属植物相同，杨属植物的根部有着较强的侵略性，所以它们不能被种植在房屋和水管附近。该属大多数种（如灰杨、加楊，特别是胡杨）都很耐盐。 其樹皮在為成長期間之前光滑，但很多老樹就會開裂。枝较小且具有顶芽，芽鳞在2枚以上。单叶。雌雄异株，柔荑花序，没有花瓣，有环状花盘及苞片。种子小，具冠毛。在春季会出现飘花絮现象。 杨属中的杨树在中国大陆被广泛利用于荒山开发、农田林网营建以及四旁绿化。华北地区尤甚。 杨属共分为五组： 白杨组 Populus sect. Populus——代表：白杨。分布于地中海西部盆地、中欧和东欧以及西亚及中亚，喜好凉爽的气候及朝南的山脉。 白杨亚组——代表：银白杨、毛白杨、新疆杨 山杨亚组——代表：山杨、欧洲山杨、河北杨 黑杨组 Populus sect. Aegiros——代表：黑杨、棉白杨、弗里氏楊。分布于北美、欧洲、西亚。 青杨组 Populus sect. Tacamahaca——代表：青杨、小青杨、甜杨。分布于北美、亚洲。喜好凉爽气候。 大叶杨组 Populus sect. Leucoides——代表：大叶杨。为中国特有种，在北美东部也有分布，喜好温暖气候 胡杨组 Populus sect. Turanga——代表：胡杨。分布于西亚、南亚、地中海沿岸，在中国也有分布。 本属包括以下物种： Macreightia crassa (Lesquereux, 1883) Phyllites orbicularis (Newberry, 1896) Populus acerifolia Loddiges, 1838 Populus adenopoda Maxim. Populus aequalis Lesquereux, 1870 Populus afghanica (Aitch. & Hemsl.) C.K.Schneid. Populus alaschanica Kom. Populus alba L. Populus alba x tremula Populus alexanderi Dorf, 1930 Populus amblyrhyncha Ward, 1885 Populus amurensis Kom. Populus angustifolia James Populus angustifolia Weinm. Populus arctica Heer, 1868 Populus argentea Foug. Populus aristolochioides Lesquereux, 1875 Populus auriculata Ward, 1905 Populus balsamifera L. Populus balsamoides Göppert, 1855 Populus beijengensis W.Y.Hsu Populus berggreni Heer, 1871 Populus bicolor Raf. Populus biformis Raf. Populus bisattenuata Dode Populus bogueana Dode Populus bolleana Carrière, 1881 Populus brandegeei C.K.Schneid. Populus butuoensis Anonymus Populus carreiriana Dode Populus caspica (Bornm.) Bornm. Populus cataracti Kom. Populus cathayana Rehder Populus celtidifolia T.B.Chao Populus ceretana Sennen Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle Populus ciliolata Raf. Populus cinerea Raf. Populus ciupi S.Y.Wang Populus clarkiana Hollick, 1906 Populus comesiana Dode Populus cordata Newberry, 1868 Populus craspedodroma Ward, 1885 Populus cretacea Knowlton, 1905 Populus cuneata Newberry, 1868 Populus cyclomorpha Knowlton & Cockerell, 1919 Populus dakotana Cockerell, 1906 Populus daphnogenoides Ward, 1885 Populus davidiana Dode Populus decipiens Lesquereux, 1872 Populus deglubata Reinw. ex Blume Populus deltoide W.Bartram ex Marshall, 1785 Populus deltoides W.Bartram ex Marshall Populus deltoides var. monilifera × Populus tremuloides Populus deltoides x nigra Populus denticulata Heer, 1883 Populus dodei Sennen Populus douglasae Buechler et al., 2007 Populus dubia E.H.L.Krause Populus elliptica Newberry, 1868 Populus elongata Dode Populus eotremuloides Knowlton, 1898 Populus epirotica Dode Populus eugenei Dode Populus euphratica Olivier Populus europaea Dode Populus euxylon Dode Populus fairii Knowlton, 1926 Populus fargesii Franch. Populus flabellum Newberry, 1863 Populus floccosa Dode Populus frankliniae Sennen Populus franklinii Sennen Populus fremontii S.Watson Populus freynii Dode Populus funiushanensis T.B.Chao Populus gallica Dode Populus gamblei Dode Populus girinensis A.K.Skvortsov Populus glandulifera Heer, 1856 Populus glauca Haines Populus globosa Dode Populus gracilis Grossh. Populus grandidentata Michx. Populus grewiopsis Ward, 1885 Populus guzmanantlensis A.Vázquez & Cuevas Populus haoana W.C.Cheng & C.Wang Populus harkeriana Lesquereux, 1891 Populus hastifolia Doweld Populus hederoides Ward, 1885 Populus henryana Dode Populus hervierana Dode Populus hervieriana Dode, 1905 Populus heteroloba Dode Populus heteromorpha Knowlton, 1926 Populus heterophylla L. Populus hobartiana Dode Populus honanensis T.B.Chao & C.W.Chiuan Populus hookeri Heer, 1868 Populus hsinganica Z.Wang & A.K.Skvortsov Populus hybrida E.H.L.Krause Populus hyperborea Heer, 1873 Populus hypomelaena Dode Populus hyrcana Grossh. Populus ilicifolia (Engl.) Rouleau Populus inaequalis Ward, 1885 Populus incrassata Dode Populus intramongolica T.Y.Sun & E.W.Ma Populus italica Du Roi Populus jacquemontiana Dode Populus kangdingensis Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus kansaseana Lesquereux, 1891 Populus keerqinensis T.Y.Sun Populus knightii Knowlton, 1897 Populus lasiocarpa Oliv. Populus latidentata Dawson, 1885 Populus latior Braun, 1835 Populus laurifolia Ledeb. Populus laurifolia x nigra var. italica Populus lepida Dode Populus lesquereuxi Cockerell, 1906 Populus leuce Rossmässler, 1850 Populus leucophylla Unger, 1850 Populus lindgreni Knowlton, 1898 Populus litigiosa Heer, 1866 Populus longifolia Fisch. ex Loudon Populus longior Dawson, 1882 Populus luziarum A.Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & Padilla-Lepe Populus mainlingensis Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus mandschurica Nakai Populus manshurica Nakai Populus maximowiczii A.Henry Populus maximowiczii x trichocarpa Populus meedsii Knowlton, 1893 Populus megaleuce Dode Populus melanarioides Lesquereux, 1875 Populus mexicana Wesm. Populus mexicana Wesm. ex A.DC. Populus microphylla Newberry, 1868 Populus microtremuloides Knowlton, 1916 Populus minhoensis S.F.Yang & H.F.Wu Populus mulleriana Dode Populus munsoniana Dode Populus mutabilis Heer, 1856 Populus nakaii A.K.Skvortsov Populus nana Royle Populus nebrascensis Newberry, 1868 Populus neimongolica Doweld Populus neomexicana Knowlton, 1918 Populus neotremuloides Knowlton, 1918 Populus nervosa Newberry, 1868 Populus newberryi Cockerell, 1906 Populus nigra L. Populus ningshanica Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus obovata Knowlton, 1900 Populus obtrita Dawson, 1890 Populus occidentalis Knowlton, 1898 Populus octorabdos Dode Populus okuboi Kitag., 1939 Populus ovata Dippel Populus oxyrhyncha Ward, 1885 Populus palmata Dode Populus pamirica (C.Y.Yang) Kom. Populus parvidentata Dode Populus pellostachya Dode Populus pendula Hort Populus peronaeana Dode Populus pilosa Rehder Populus pliotremuloides Axelrod, 1937 Populus polymorpha Newberry, 1882 Populus potomacensis Ward, 1895 Populus prefremontii Axelrod, 1937 Populus primaveralepensis A.Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & Zuno Populus problematica Knowlton, 1893 Populus protozaddachi Dawson, 1882 Populus pruinosa Schrenk Populus przewalskii Maxim. Populus pseudocredneria Cockerell, 1908 Populus pseudoglauca Z.Wang & P.Y.Fu Populus pseudograndidentata Dode Populus pseudomaximowiczii Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus pseudosimonii Kitag. Populus pseudotremuloides Hollick, 1906 Populus pubescens (Parl.) Jovan. & Tucovic Populus purdomii Rehder Populus puschkinii R.I.Schröd. Populus pyrifolia Kirchner, 1898 Populus qamdoensis Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus qiongdaoensis T.Hong & P.Luo Populus rectinervata Dawson, 1882 Populus reticulata Raf. Populus rhomboidea Newberry, 1859 Populus ricei Fontaine, 1905 Populus richardsoni Heer, 1868 Populus robusta Dode, 1905 Populus roegneriana Anonymus Populus rotundifolia Griff. Populus russelli Knowlton, 1893 Populus schneideri (Rehder) N.Chao Populus schroederiana Dode Populus scudderi Cockerell, 1906 Populus scythica Dode Populus serrata Populus shanxiensis Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus sieboldii Miq. Populus simaroa Rzed. Populus simonii Carrière Populus sinensis Dode Populus sinuata Dode Populus sinxiangensis T.B.Chao Populus smilacifolia Newberry, 1868 Populus songarica Mscr. Populus sonorensis Axelrod, 1939 Populus speciosa Ward, 1885 Populus stygia Heer, 1873 Populus suaveolens Fisch. Populus suaveolens Fisch. ex Camuzet, 1829 Populus subrotunda Lesquereux, 1868 Populus sunghoensis T.B.Chao & C.W.Chiuan Populus sylvicola Dode Populus szechuanica C.K.Schneid. Populus talassica Kom. Populus tenuinervata Lesquereux, 1888 Populus thracia Dode Populus tibetica Mscr. Populus tidwellii Manchester et al., 2006 Populus tomentosa Carrière Populus trabutiana Dode Populus tremula L. Populus tremuloides Michx. Populus treyviana Dode Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A.Gray ex Hook. Populus trichocarpa Torrey & A.Gray Populus trinervifolia Doweld Populus trinervis Dawson, 1882 Populus tristis Fisch. ex Dippel Populus tschoudiana Dode Populus undulata Populus ungeri Lesquereux, 1878 Populus vaillantiana Dode Populus valida Dode Populus violascens Dode Populus vivaria Knowlton, 1899 Populus wardii Knowlton, 1900 Populus washingtonensis Knowlton, 1926 Populus wenxianica Z.C.Feng & J.L.Guo Populus wenxianica Z.C.Feng & J.L.Guo ex G.H.Zhu Populus whitei Ward, 1885 Populus wilsonii C.K.Schneid. Populus wolfgangii Janch. Populus wolfiana Dode Populus wuana Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus wulianensis S.B.Liang & X.W.Li Populus xantholithensis Knowlton, 1899 Populus xiangchengensis Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus xintercurrens Goodrich & S.L.Welsh Populus yatungensis (Z.Wang & P.Y.Fu) Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus yuana Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus yunnanensis Dode Populus yunsiaomanshanensis T.B.Chao & C.W.Chiuan Populus yunsiaoshanensis T.B.Chao & C.W.Chiuan Populus yunungii G.L.Lu Populus zaddachi Heer, 1859 Populus zhenyuanensis Liang & Zhou, 2016 杂交种： Populus ×acuminata Rydb. Populus ×albotremula C.K.Schneid. Populus ×ambigua Beck Populus ×baileyana Henry Populus ×beijingensis W.Y.Hsu Populus ×berolinensis K.Koch Populus ×braunii C.K.Schneid. Populus ×brayshawii B.Boivin Populus ×canadensis Moench Populus ×canescens (Aiton) Sm. Populus ×catherinae R.I.Schröd. Populus ×certinensis House Populus ×charbinensis Z.Wang & A.K.Skvortsov Populus ×elongata Schelle, 1903 Populus ×fredroviensis Wróbl. Populus ×glaucicomans Dode Populus ×heimburgeri B.Boivin Populus ×hinckleyana Correll Populus ×hopeiensis Hu & L.D.Chow Populus ×hybrida Samp. Populus ×inopina Eckenw. Populus ×intercurrens Goodrich & S.L.Welsh Populus ×irishiana Dode Populus ×jackii Sarg. Populus ×kashmirica A.K.Skvortsov Populus ×krauseana Dode Populus ×laticoma Dode Populus ×leucophylla Schur Populus ×lloydii Henry Populus ×moscoviensis R.I.Schröd. ex Wolkenst. Populus ×moscoviensis Schröd. Populus ×moskoviensis R.I.Schröd. Populus ×nevensis Nasim. Populus ×odorata R.I.Schröd. Populus ×odorata R.I.Schröd. ex Wolkenst. Populus ×parryi Sarg. Populus ×petrovskoe R.I.Schröd. ex Wolkenst. Populus ×petrovskoe-rasumovskoe R.I.Schröd. ex Wolkenst. Populus ×petrowskiana R.I.Schröd. ex Regel Populus ×petrowskiana Schröd. ex Dippel Populus ×plantierensis C.K.Schneid. Populus ×pseudocanadensis C.K.Schneid. Populus ×pseudotomentosa Z.Wang & S.L.Tung Populus ×ramulosa Dode Populus ×rasumovskoe R.I.Schröd. ex Wolkenst. Populus ×rasumowskiana (Regel) Schröd. ex Dippel Populus ×rasumowskiana C.K.Schneid. Populus ×rogalinensis Bugała Populus ×rogalinensis Wróbl. Populus ×rouleauana B.Boivin Populus ×rouleauiana B.Boivin Populus ×sibirica G.V.Krylov & G.V.Grig. ex A.K.Skvortsov Populus ×smithii B.Boivin Populus ×steiniana Bornm. Populus ×tianschanica Tkatsch. Populus ×tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee ex M.Kim Populus ×triangularis Dode Populus ×utilis Dode Populus ×vegeta Dode Populus ×vemirubens Henry Populus ×vernirubens A.Henry Populus ×viadrii Ruediger Populus ×wettsteinii Janch. Populus ×wilsocarpa S.Bartkowiak & W.Bugaa Populus ×wobstii R.I.Schröd., 1881 小黑杨 Populus ×xiaohei T.S.Hwang & Y.Liang 杨潜叶跳象 Rhynchaenus empopulifolis Chen：鞘翅目象甲蟲科物種，1980年代開始為禍中國東北地區的楊林，寄生於小葉楊（Populus simonii Carr.）、青楊（Populus cathayana Rehd.）、北京楊（Populus pekinensis Hsü）及加拿大楊（Populus canadensis Moench.）等物種。 Zhang, X.; Liu, L.; Chen, B.; Qin, Z.; Xiao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Yao, R.; Liu, H.; Yang, H. Progress in Understanding the Physiological and Molecular Responses of Populus to Salt Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061312 Meikle, R. D. (1984). Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland. BSBI Handbook No. 4. ISBN 0-901158-07-0. Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and rope. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9. 赵丽凤. 试述杨属树种在城乡园林绿化中的应用. 城镇建设. 2020, (11) [2023-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-12）.  J. Antonio Vázquez-García, Miguel Ángel Muñiz-Castro, Rosa Elena Martínez-González, Gregorio Nieves-Hernández, María Guadalupe Pulido-Ávila, Gerardo Hernández-Vera and Osvaldo Zuno Delgadillo. 2019. Populus primaveralepensis sp. nov. (Salicaceae, Malpighiales), A New Species of White Poplar from the Bosque La Primavera Biosphere Reserve in western Mexico. European Journal of Taxonomy. 498: 1–16. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.498 张连翔; 陈远超; 陈元清. 杨潜叶跳象生物学特性及防治方法的初步研究. 林业科学. 1989, 25 (2): 171–174 [2020-03-18]. ISSN 1001-7488. （原始内容存档于2020-11-11） （中文（简体））.  [在维基数据编辑] 《欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·楊部》，出自陈梦雷《古今圖書集成》 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：杨树