第一次約翰遜內閣

2019年6月7日，英國首相文翠珊辭任保守黨領袖。同年7月23日，約翰遜獲选為新任黨魁。翌日，女王伊丽莎白二世邀請鲍里斯·约翰逊籌組新政府，第一次約翰遜內閣同日起執政。本內閣是由第57屆國會（英语：List of MPs elected in the 2017 United Kingdom general election）組成，當時保守黨乃以少數派政府當政。2019年9月3日，保守黨議員菲利浦·李博士轉投其他政黨（英语：Crossing the floor），加入自由民主党，令保守黨政府正式失去有效多數議席。約翰遜最終提出提前大選，保守黨在同年12月12日選舉中贏得過半議席，其後組成第二次約翰遜內閣。 前首相文翠珊先後三次遞交英國脫歐的退出協議和執行法案（英语：Withdrawal Agreement and Implementation Bill），但皆被下议院否決，令脫歐遲遲未能成事。及後舉行的2019年歐洲議會選舉，保守黨成績極為差劣，令文翠珊執政再遭質疑。2019年5月24日，文翠珊宣布將會辭任保守黨領袖，亦因此辭任首相。6月7日，保守黨黨魁的辭職正式生效。 2019年7月23日，前倫敦市長及前外交事務大臣鲍里斯·约翰逊接替文翠珊，當選成為新任保守黨黨魁。翌日，女王伊丽莎白二世任命約翰遜為首相。約翰遜承繼了文氏的少數派政府，繼續由北爱尔兰的民主统一党提供信任供给。 2019年7月24日，約翰遜公布內閣人選，稱之為「現代英國的內閣」，《衛報》將內閣標籤為「一個種族各異但意識形態俱同的意向聲明」。約翰遜籌組內閣期間，他先後將11名高級閣員革職，並接受了另外6名閣員的請辭。是次的「肅清」是英國戰後在執政黨沒有下野的情況下、最大規模的內閣重組，比起7名閣員被撤職的1962年「長刀之夜」還要厲害，因而被《太陽報》稱為「髮刀之夜」（Night of the Blond Knives）；約翰遜盟友奈傑爾·埃文斯也形容為「比起內閣改組，這更像夏季大屠殺」。 革職以外，多名舊人有晉升、新面孔亦加入內閣。多米尼克·拉布晉升為首席大臣和外交事務大臣，賈偉德獲委任為財政大臣，普丽蒂·帕特尔則擔任內政大臣。約翰遜又增加參加內閣會議的大臣數目至33人，比起第二次文翠珊內閣多4人。獲任命的大臣中，當中四分一為女性，比例上較文翠珊和大衛·卡麥隆的為少。內閣的種族多元化亦創下紀錄，4名國務大臣和2名其他大臣都是有少數族裔背景；17%的閣員屬於黑人、亞裔、少數族裔（英语：Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom），比起全英國的14%為高。接近三分二的獲任命大臣曾入讀收費學校，接近半數曾就讀牛劍大學。另外，約翰遜為滿足黨魁選舉的競選承諾，他亦擔任新創立的「聯盟大臣」一職。 2019年9月3日，菲利浦·李轉投自由民主黨，令約翰遜領導的保守黨失去有效多數（working majority），令执政党未有足夠議席继续执政。及後的一場表決，21名保守黨議員贊成國會控制議事日程表及辯論後座議員提出的議案，避免英國在無協議下硬脫歐，而加入反對派，因而遭到黨鞭逐出黨。 2019年9月5日，約翰遜的胞弟約·約翰遜宣布辭任大學國務大臣和下屆大選將不會競逐奧平頓議員，指出「最近數周，自己在忠於家庭和國家利益之間陷於兩難。這是一個無法解決的緊張關係，是時候讓其他人接替我的議員和大臣的崗位。」9月7日，安珀·路德宣布辭去就業及退休保障大臣和婦女及平等大臣，及退出保守黨。 鑑於脫歐議題在下議院陷入僵局，《2019年提前國會大選法案》在2019年10月31日獲通過，選舉提前至同年12月12日舉行。保守黨最終在選舉中贏得過半議席，約翰遜組成他的第二次內閣。 2019年9月5日，約·約翰遜宣布將會辭任大學國務大臣及國會議員，環境、食品和農村事務部及國際發展（英语：Department for International Development）國務大臣扎克·戈德史密斯在9月10日起取代其出席內閣會議。 2019年9月7日，安珀·路德辭職離開內閣並退出保守黨，泰蕾兹·科菲於8日接任就業及退休保障大臣，伊丽莎白·特拉斯於10日接任婦女及平等大臣。 2019年11月6日，阿龍·凱恩斯辭任威爾斯事務大臣。 雖然本屆國會會期理應在2022年才結束，但約翰遜仍然成功爭取國會支持（英语：Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019），在2019年10月29日通過提前舉行大選 UK set for 12 December general election after MPs' vote. 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