刘如谦

刘如谦（英語：David Ruchien Liu, 1973年—）是一位美国华人化学家和生物学家。 1973年出身于美国加利福尼亚州里弗赛德一个台湾移民家族。父亲是航空工程师，母亲是退休加利福尼亚大学河滨分校物理教授。1994年毕业于哈佛大学，曾在诺贝尔奖得主艾里亚斯·詹姆斯·科里的化学合成实验室里工作。1999年获得加州大学伯克利分校博士学位，师从彼得·舒尔茨。之后留校任教担任助理教授，2003年升任副教授，2005年升任教授。同年进入霍华德·休斯医学研究所担任研究员。2018年加入药明生物担任公司科学顾问委员会委员。2019年4月曾作为TED演讲人在温哥华发表演说。 2017年和2019年两次入选《自然 (期刊)》全球十大科学人物。 2021年被选为美国国家科学院院士。 Gartner, ZJ; Liu, DR. The generality of DNA-templated synthesis as a basis for evolving non-natural small molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. July 2001, 123 (28): 6961–3. PMC 2820563 . PMID 11448217. doi:10.1021/ja015873n.  Kanan, MW; Rozenman, MM; Sakurai, K; Snyder, TM; Liu, DR. Reaction discovery enabled by DNA-templated synthesis and in vitro selection. Nature. 2004, 431 (7008): 545–9. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..545K. PMC 2814052 . PMID 15457254. doi:10.1038/nature02920.  Gartner, ZJ; Tse, BN; Grubina, R; Doyon, JB; Snyder, TM; Liu, DR. DNA-templated organic synthesis and selection of a library of macrocycles. Science. September 2004, 305 (5690): 1601–5. Bibcode:2004Sci...305.1601G. PMC 2814051 . PMID 15319493. doi:10.1126/science.1102629.  Georghiou, G; Kleiner, RE; Pulkoski-Gross, M; Liu, DR; Seeliger, MA. Highly specific, bisubstrate-competitive Src inhibitors from DNA-templated macrocycles. Nature Chemical Biology. 2012, 8 (4): 366–74. PMC 3307835 . PMID 22344177. doi:10.1038/nchembio.792.  Cronican, JJ; Thompson, DB; Beier, KT; McNaughton, BR; Cepko, CL; Liu, DR. Potent delivery of functional proteins into Mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo using a supercharged protein. ACS Chem. Biol. 2010, 5 (8): 747–52. PMC 2924640 . PMID 20545362. doi:10.1021/cb1001153.  Komor, AC; Kim, YB; Packer, MS; Zuris, JA; Liu, DR. Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage.. Nature. 19 May 2016, 533 (7603): 420–4. Bibcode:2016Natur.533..420K. PMC 4873371 . PMID 27096365. doi:10.1038/nature17946.  Kim, YB; Komor, AC; Levy, JM; Packer, MS; Zhao, KT; Liu, DR. Increasing the genome-targeting scope and precision of base editing with engineered Cas9-cytidine deaminase fusions.. Nature Biotechnology. April 2017, 35 (4): 371–376. PMC 5388574 . PMID 28191901. doi:10.1038/nbt.3803.  Gaudelli, NM; Komor, AC; Rees, HA; Packer, MS; Badran, AH; Bryson, DI; Liu, DR. Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage.. Nature. 23 November 2017, 551 (7681): 464–471. Bibcode:2017Natur.551..464G. PMC 5726555 . PMID 29160308. doi:10.1038/nature24644.  Lawrence, M. S.; Phillips, K. J.; Liu, D. R. Supercharging Proteins Can Impart Extraordinary Resilience. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129 (33): 10110–10112. PMC 2820565 . PMID 17665911. doi:10.1021/ja071641y.  McNaughton, B. R.; Cronican, J. J.; Liu, D. R. Mammalian Cell Penetration, siRNA Transfection, and DNA Transfection by Supercharged Proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2009, 106 (15): 6111–6116. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.6111M. PMC 2659711 . PMID 19307578. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807883106.  Esvelt, K. M.; Carlson, J. C.; Liu, D. R. A System for the Continuous Directed Evolution of Biomolecules. Nature. 2011, 472 (7344): 499–503. Bibcode:2011Natur.472..499E. PMC 3084352 . PMID 21478873. doi:10.1038/nature09929.  Dickinson, B. C.; Leconte, A. M.; Allen, B.; Esvelt, K. M.; Liu, D. R. Experimental Interrogation of the Path Dependence and Stochasticity of Protein Evolution Using Phage-Assisted Continuous Evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2013, 110 (22): 9007–9012. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.9007D. PMC 3670371 . PMID 23674678. doi:10.1073/pnas.1220670110.  Maianti, J. P.; McFedries, A.; Foda, Z. H.; Kleiner, R. E.; Du, X.-Q.; Leissring, M. A.; Tang, W.-J.; Charron, M. J.; Seeliger, M. A.; Saghatelian, A.; Liu, D. R. Anti-Diabetic Activity of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Inhibitors Mediated by Multiple Hormones. Nature. 2014, 511 (7507): 94–98. Bibcode:2014Natur.511...94M. PMC 4142213 . PMID 24847884. doi:10.1038/nature13297.  Zuris, J. A.; Thompson, D. B.; Shu, Y.; Guilinger, J. P.; Bessen, J. L.; Hu, J. H.; Maeder, M. L.; Joung, J. K.; Chen, Z.-Y.; Liu, D. R. Cationic Lipid-Mediated Delivery of Proteins Enables Efficient Protein-Based Genome Editing In Vitro and In Vivo. Nat. Biotechnol. 2015, 33 (1): 73–80. PMC 4289409 . PMID 25357182. doi:10.1038/nbt.3081.  Badran, A. H.; Guzov, V. M.; Huai, Q.; Kemp, M. M.; Vishwanath, P.; Kain, W.; Evdokimov, A.; Moshiri, F.; Turner, K. H.; Wang, P.; Malvar, T.; Liu, D. R. Continuous Evolution of B. thuringiensis Toxins Overcomes Insect Resistance. Nature. 2016, 533 (7601): 58–63. PMC 4865400 . PMID 27120167. doi:10.1038/nature17938.  Gao, X.; Lamas, V.; Huang, M.; Yeh, W.-H.; Pan, B.; Hu, Y.-J.; Hu, J. H.; Thompson, D. B.; Shu, Y.; Li, Y.; Wang, H.; Yang, S.; Xu, Q.; Polley, D. B.; Liberman, M. C.; Kong, W.-J.; Holt, J. R.; Chen, Z.-Y.; Liu, D. R. Treatment of autosomal dominant hearing loss by in vivo delivery of genome editing agents. Nature. 2018, 553 (7687): 217–221. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..217G. PMC 5784267 . PMID 29258297. doi:10.1038/nature25164.  Tang, W; Liu, D.R. Rewritable multi-event analog recording in bacterial and mammalian cells. Science. 2018, 360 (6385): eaap8992. PMC 5898985 . PMID 29449507. doi:10.1126/science.aap8992.  Hu, J. H.; Miller, S. M.; Geurts, M. H.; Tang, W.; Chen, L.; Sun, N.; Zeina, C.; Gao, X.; Rees, H. A.; Lin, Z.; Liu, D. R. Evolved Cas9 Variants with Broad PAM Compatibility and High DNA Specificity. Nature. 2018, 556 (7699): 57–63. Bibcode:2018Natur.556...57H. PMC 5951633 . PMID 29512652. doi:10.1038/nature26155.  Maianti, J. P.; McFedries, A.; Foda, Z. H.; Kleiner, R. E.; Du, X.-Q.; Leissring, M. A.; Tang, W.-J.; Charron, M. J.; Seeliger, M. A.; Saghatelian, A.; Liu, D. R. Nature 511, 94-98 (2014). “Anti-Diabetic Activity of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Inhibitors Mediated by Multiple Hormones （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）” PMC4142213 Anzalone, A.V.; Randolph, P.B.; Davis, J.R.; Sousa, A.A.; Koblan, L.W.; Levy, J.M.; Chen, P.J.; Wilson, C.; Newby, G.A.; Raguram, A.; Liu, D.R. Nature,  576, 149–157 (2019). “Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.”  PMCID: PMC6907074 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Mok, B. Y; de Moraes, M. H; Zeng, J; Bosch, D. E; Kotrys, A. V; Raguram, A.; Hsu, F; Radey, M.C; Broko Peterson, B; Mootha, V.K; Mougous, J.D;  Liu, D. R. Nature. available online (2020). "An interbacterial cytidine deaminase toxin enables mitochondrial base editing. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）" PMCID: PMC7381381 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） David R. Liu. Liu Group. 2018-10-22 [2019-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-02）.  Yang, Sophia. Taiwanese-American named scientist of the yea... | Taiwan News. Taiwan News. December 19, 2017 [2021-07-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-27）.  Asian American: David Liu Speeds Up Evolution of Therapeutic Proteins. Goldsea Asian American Business: Asian Media Group. April 18, 2011 [2021-07-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-26）.  Bradt, Steve. Chemist, card shark Liu takes off. Harvard Gazette. 2 June 2005 [2021-07-26]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-02）.  CV. Google Docs. [8 June 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-08）.  药明生物宣布哈佛大学刘如谦教授加盟公司科学顾问委员会 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），美通社。 Liu, David R., Can we cure genetic diseases by rewriting DNA?, [2019-04-25], （原始内容存档于2021-07-26） （英语）