3-硝基苯甲酸

3-硝基苯甲酸是一种有机化合物，化学式为C7H5NO4，它是苯甲酸苯环间位上的氢被硝基取代的产物，是硝基苯甲酸的同分异构体之一。 3-硝基苯甲酸可由苯甲酸在较低温度下的硝化反应制备，其副产物为2-硝基苯甲酸（20%）和4-硝基苯甲酸（1.5%）。苯甲酸甲酯硝化后水解也可得到3-硝基苯甲酸，但产率较低。 其它制备方法还包括3-硝基苯甲醇（英语：3-Nitrobenzyl alcohol）、3-硝基苯甲醛或3-硝基甲苯的氧化反应及3-硝基苯甲腈的水解反应。 3-硝基苯甲酸具有酸的通性，如和氢氧化钾反应，得到3-硝基苯甲酸钾。 3-硝基苯甲酸和氯化亚砜回流反应，得到3-硝基苯甲酰氯。它和甲醇在酸催化下反应，得到3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯。它被还原剂（如氢等）还原，可以得到3-氨基苯甲酸。 Dhaneshwar, N. N.; Kulkarni, A. G.; Tavale, S. S.; Pant, L. M. The crystal structure of a second modification of m -nitrobenzoic acid. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 1975-07-01, 31 (7): 1978–1980. ISSN 0567-7408. doi:10.1107/S0567740875006620.  Mayuranathan, P. S. Thermal decomposition of the mercuric and silver salts of the isomeric methyl hydrogen 3-nitrophthalates. Journal of the Chemical Society, 1957. 493-495. ISSN: 0368-1769. Calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V11.02. Retrieved from SciFinder. [2020-07-13] Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley. 2000-06-15. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_555.  m-NITROBENZOIC ACID. Organic Syntheses. 1923, 3: 73. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.003.0073.  Banerjee, Amalendu; Dutt, Sachchidananda; Banerjee, Gopal Chandra; Hazra, Banasri; Datta, Hasi; Banerjee, Santanu. Studies on the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes and arylmethanols by vanadate and dichromate in dilute perchloric acid. Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 1990. 29B (3): 257-262. ISSN: 0376-4699. Hunsen, Mo. Carboxylic Acids from Primary Alcohols and Aldehydes by a Pyridinium Chlorochromate Catalyzed Oxidation. Synthesis. 2005-07-20, 2005 (15): 2487–2490. ISSN 0039-7881. doi:10.1055/s-2005-872085.  Yamazaki, Shigekazu. Chromium(VI) Oxide-Catalyzed Benzylic Oxidation with Periodic Acid. Organic Letters, 1999. 1 (13): 2129-2132. ISSN: 1523-7060. DOI: 10.1021/ol991175k. Meth-Cohn, Otto; Wang, Mei-Xiang. An in-depth study of the biotransformation of nitriles into amides and/or acids using Rhodococcus rhodochrous AJ270. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry, 1997. 8. 1099-1104. ISSN: 0300-922X. Rouhi-Saadabad, Hamed; Akhlaghinia, Batool. Facile and direct synthesis of symmetrical acid anhydrides using a newly prepared powerful and efficient mixed reagent. Chemical Papers. 2015-01-01, 69 (3). ISSN 1336-9075. doi:10.1515/chempap-2015-0042.  Xu, Yiming; Liang, Pengyun; Rashid, Haroon ur; Wu, Lichuan; Xie, Peng; Wang, Haodong; Zhang, Shuyan; Wang, Lisheng; Jiang, Jun. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of matrine derivatives possessing piperazine moiety as antitumor agents. Medicinal Chemistry Research. 2019, 28 (10): 1618–1627. ISSN 1054-2523. doi:10.1007/s00044-019-02398-2.  Zaheer, Muhammad; Zia-Ur-Rehman, Muhammad; Rahman, Salma; Ahmed, Naveed; Chaudhary, Muhammad Nawaz. Microwave assisted synthesis of biologically active 4-hydroxy-N'-(phenylcarbonyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carbohydrazide 1,1-dioxide derivatives.. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society. 2012, 57 (4): 1492–1496. ISSN 0717-9707. doi:10.4067/S0717-97072012000400031.  Rahman, MD Taifur; Wharry, Scott; Smyth, Megan; Manyar, Haresh; Moody, Thomas S. FAST Hydrogenations as a Continuous Platform for Green Aromatic Nitroreductions. Synlett. 2020, 31 (06): 581–586. ISSN 0936-5214. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1610751.