水性质表

此页面给出水的性質的补充数据。除非另有说明，否则数据均在标准状况测得。 蒸气与液态水平衡的蒸气压公式： log 10 ⁡ P = A − B T − C , {\displaystyle \log _{10}P=A-{\frac {B}{T-C}},} 其中P为平衡水汽压，单位为kPa，T为温度，单位为K。 若T = 273 K至333 K：A = 7.2326；B = 1750.286；C = 38.1。 若T = 333 K至423 K：A = 7.0917；B = 1668.21；C = 45.1。 上表中的数据给出了在液态水可存在的温度范围内各种温度下的水-蒸气平衡值。第二列给出平衡压强，单位为kPa。第三列是每克液体相对于0℃水的热含量。第四列是每克液体的汽化热。第五列是每克液体变成蒸汽所做的功PΔV。第六列是蒸气的密度。 数据取自第44版《CRC化学和物理手册》第2390页。 ‡XI三相点理论上存在，但从未有实验可得。 注：ρ为密度，n为589 nm光的折射率，η为黏度，均在20 °C测定；Teq<0–0.1°C时为冰/液态水溶解平衡温度，Teq>0.1 °C时为氯化钠/液态水溶解平衡温度。 p K w = − log ⁡ ( [ H + ] [ O H − ] ) {\displaystyle pK_{w}=-\log([\mathrm {H} ^{+}][\mathrm {OH} ^{-}])} 20 °C（室温）下公认的水的磁化率标准值为−12.97 cm3/mol，−0.702 cm3/g。 Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 85. CRC Press. 2004: 6–15 [2019-04-27]. ISBN 0-8493-0485-7. （原始内容存档于2019-06-09）.  Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Rizzo, Thomas R.; Boyarkin, Oleg V. A direct measurement of the dissociation energy of water. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2006, 125 (18): 181101. Bibcode:2006JChPh.125r1101M. PMID 17115729. doi:10.1063/1.2387163.  Cook, R; Delucia, F; Helminger, P. Molecular force field and structure of water: Recent microwave results. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 1974, 53: 62. Bibcode:1974JMoSp..53...62C. doi:10.1016/0022-2852(74)90261-6.  Hoy, AR; Bunker, PR. A precise solution of the rotation bending Schrödinger equation for a triatomic molecule with application to the water molecule. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 1979, 74: 1–8. Bibcode:1979JMoSp..74....1H. doi:10.1016/0022-2852(79)90019-5.  List of experimental bond angles of type aHOH. Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark DataBase. （原始内容存档于2014-09-03）.  Griffiths, David J. Instructor's solutions manual : Introduction to electrodynamics. New York: Prentice Hall. 1998: 275. ISBN 0138598517. OCLC 633685126.  Water and the Speed of Sound. www.engineeringtoolbox.com. [2008-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2008-04-23）.  Lange, p. 1199. 由于当时使用的是公升的旧定义，将手册中的数据从旧的g/ml转换为g/cm3时，须乘以0.999973。 Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 70. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 1989-06-30. ISBN 978-0-849-30470-5. [页码请求] Franks, Water a comprehensive treatise Volume 1 The Physics and Physical Chemistry of Water （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. David R. Lide CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） CRC Press, 2004, p. 6-201 ISBN 0-8493-0485-7. Lange, p. 1663. Revised Release on Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Heavy Water Substance （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam Lucerne, Switzerland, August 2007. Lange, p. 1436. Lange, p. 1476. Martin Chaplin. Water Phase Diagram. London South Bank University. [2008-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）.  Lide, D. R. (编), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86th, Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press: 8–71, 8–116, 2005, ISBN 0-8493-0486-5  Martin Chaplin. Ionization of water. London South Bank University. [2008-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-27）.  Martin Chaplin. Water Absorption Spectrum. London South Bank University. [2008-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-27）.  Fulmer et al. Organometallics, Vol. 29, No. 9, 2010 Gregory R. Fulmer, Alexander J. M. Miller, Nathaniel H. Sherden, Hugo E. Gottlieb, Abraham Nudelman, Brian M. Stoltz, John E. Bercaw, Karen I. Goldberg. NMR Chemical Shifts of Trace Impurities: Common Laboratory Solvents, Organics, and Gases in Deuterated Solvents Relevant to the Organometallic Chemist. Organometallics. 2010-05-10, 29 (9): 2176–2179 [2022-09-22]. ISSN 0276-7333. doi:10.1021/om100106e. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08） （英语）.  Holz, Manfred; Heil, Stefan R.; Sacco, Antonio. Temperature-dependent self-diffusion coefficients of water and six selected molecular liquids for calibration in accurate 1 H NMR PFG measurements. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2000-01-01, 2 (20): 4740–4742. Bibcode:2000PCCP....2.4740H. ISSN 1463-9084. doi:10.1039/b005319h （英语）.  Weast, Robert. CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 64th edition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC publishing. 1983–1984: E–119. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.  Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. ISBN 0-07-016384-7（第15版） Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), webbook.nist.gov