短暂性全面性遗忘

短暂性全面性遗忘是一种神经系统疾病，當病人發病時其短期记忆會暂时出現問題，例如忘記現在、剛剛、几分钟、几小时或几天前發生的事情而且還會不断詢問到底發生了什麼。不過此時患者長期記憶未受損，他依然能記得自己童年的事情，也能認識自己的家人和自己的住宅，自己本身掌握的技能也不會忘記。 短暂性全面性遗忘发作時間較短，基本上不會超過8小时，之後患者就会恢复正常而且能重新記住事情或者回憶起發病時突然記不起來的事情。大多數患者發病後沒有後遺症或并发症，基本上短暂性全面性遗忘的预后非常好，該疾病甚至不會影響某個地區或某個族群的死亡率，复发率也很低，有15%的患者會多次發病，发作之间的平均间隔为2年。少数患者在發病後認知會受到長期影響。無法確定短暂性全面性遗忘是否会增加中风的风险。另外短暂性全面性遗忘也沒有專門的治療手段。 56岁至75岁的人群最容易發病， 患者的平均年龄为62岁。 短暂性全面性遗忘的發病原因仍然是个谜。 突然浸入冷水或热水中、进行剧烈的身体活动、性交、血管造影或内镜检查、轻微头部创伤、情绪低落（坏消息、冲突或劳累过度）都是誘發因子。 Ropper, Allan H. Transient Global Amnesia. New England Journal of Medicine. 16 February 2023, 388 (7): 635–640. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2213867.  Logan, W; Sherman, D. Transient global amnesia. Stroke. 1983, 14 (6): 1005–7. PMID 6658982. doi:10.1161/01.STR.14.6.1005 .  Hodges; Warlow, CP. Syndromes of transient amnesia: towards a classification. A study of 153 cases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1990, 53 (10): 834–43. PMC 488242 . PMID 2266362. doi:10.1136/jnnp.53.10.834.  Noel, A.; Quinette, P.; Guillery-Girard, B.; Dayan, J.; Piolino, P.; Marquis, S.; De La Sayette, V.; Viader, F.; et al. Psychopathological factors, memory disorders and transient global amnesia. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2008, 193 (2): 145–51. PMID 18670000. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045716 .  Sucholeiki, Roy. Transient Global Amnesia. EMedicine. Medscape（英语：Medscape）. 3 December 2008 [19 October 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-09-27）.  出现短暂性全面性遗忘时，近期的记忆会暂时消失-短暂性全面性遗忘. Mayo Clinic. 2022-08-10 [2023-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-02） （中文）.  Ropper, Allan H. Transient Global Amnesia. New England Journal of Medicine. 16 February 2023, 388 (7): 635–640. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2213867.  Guillery-girard, B.; Quinette, P.; Desgranges, B.; Piolino, P.; Viader, F.; De La Sayette, V.; Eustache, F. Long-term memory following transient global amnesia: an investigation of episodic and semantic memory. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 2006, 114 (5): 329–33. PMID 17022781. S2CID 26063331. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00625.x .  Nakada; Kwee, IL; Fujii, Y; Knight, RT. High-field, T2 reversed MRI of the hippocampus in transient global amnesia. Neurology. 2005, 64 (7): 1170–4. PMID 15824342. S2CID 17306379. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000156158.48587.EA.  Kessler, Josef; Markowitsch, Hans; Rudolf, Jobst; Heiss, Wolf-Dieter. Continuing Cognitive Impairment After Isolated Transient Global Amnesia. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2001, 106 (3–4): 159–68. PMID 11264917. S2CID 41284309. doi:10.3109/00207450109149746.  Lee, Sang Hun; Kim, Keon-Yeup; Lee, Jeong-Woo; Park, So-Jeong; Jung, Jin-Man. Risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with transient global amnesia: a propensity-matched cohort study. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 1 April 2022, 7 (2): e001006. ISSN 2059-8688. PMC 9067272 . doi:10.1136/svn-2021-001006 （英语）.  Mangla, Atul; Navi, Babak B.; Layton, Kelly; Kamel, Hooman. Transient Global Amnesia and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. February 2014, 45 (2): 389–393. PMC 3946840 . doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003916.  Magnus Harrison; Mark Williams. The diagnosis and management of transient global amnesia in the emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2007, 24 (6): 444–445. PMC 2658295 . PMID 17513554. doi:10.1136/emj.2007.046565.  Quinette, P.; Guillery-Girard, B; Dayan, J; De La Sayette, V; Marquis, S; Viader, F; Desgranges, B; Eustache, F. What does transient global amnesia really mean? Review of the literature and thorough study of 142 cases. Brain. 2006, 129 (Pt 7): 1640–58. PMID 16670178. doi:10.1093/brain/awl105 .  Hodges, John R.; Warlow, Charles P. The Aetiology of Transient Global Amnesia. Brain. 1990, 113 (3): 639–57. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1009.4172 . PMID 2194627. doi:10.1093/brain/113.3.639.  Enzinger, C.; Thimary, F.; Kapeller, P.; Ropele, S.; Schmidt, R.; Ebner, F.; Fazekas, F. Transient Global Amnesia: Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions and Cerebrovascular Disease. Stroke. 2008, 39 (8): 2219–25. PMID 18583561. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.508655 .  Bauer, G.; Benke, T; Unterberger, I; Schmutzhard, E; Trinka, E. Transient global amnesia or transient epileptic amnesia?. QJM. 2005, 98 (5): 383; author reply 383–4. PMID 15833772. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hci060 .  Zorzon, Marino; Antonutti, L; Masè, G; Biasutti, E; Vitrani, B; Cazzato, G. Transient Global Amnesia and Transient Ischemic Attack : Natural History, Vascular Risk Factors, and Associated Conditions. Stroke. 1995, 26 (9): 1536–42. PMID 7660394. doi:10.1161/01.STR.26.9.1536.