捕鳥蛛科

捕鳥蛛（学名：Tarantula）屬於較原始的蜘蛛，其全身密生細毛。亦稱為大蘭多毒蛛、塔兰托毒蛛、塔兰图拉毒蛛。美洲的捕鳥蛛身上某些地方可能长有一種刺激性的螫毛，可在面临危险时使用后腿向老鼠等天敌抛洒这种天然的致痒粉，而天敌遇到这种螫毛会产生类似于工人铺设纤维玻璃毛毡后产生的刺痒感。这种方式可以帮助叮咬能力较弱的美洲捕鸟蛛保护自己不受伤害，而美洲捕鸟蛛也因此拥有相对于亚洲捕鸟蛛较低的毒性。 Acanthopelma F. O. P. Cambridge, 1897 Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 Avicularia avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Avicularia caei Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 Avicularia gamba Avicularia glauca Simon, 1891 Avicularia hirschii Bullmer, Thierer-Lutz & Schmidt, 2006 Avicularia hirsutissima (C.L.Koch, 1842) Avicularia juruensis Mello-Leitão, 1923 Avicularia lynnae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 Avicularia merianae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 Avicularia minatrix Pocock, 1903 Avicularia purpurea Kirk, 1990 Avicularia rufa Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1945 Avicularia sooretama Avicularia taunayi (Mello-Leitão, 1920) Avicularia testacea (C.L.Koch, 1841) Avicularia variegata F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 Avicularia vestiaria (De Geer, 1778) Ephebopus Simon, 1892 Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 Anoploscelus Pocock, 1897 Batesiella Pocock, 1903 Citharischius Pocock, 1900 Encyocrates Simon, 1892 Eumenophorus Pocock, 1897 Hysterocrates Simon, 1892 Loxomphalia Simon, 1889 Loxoptygus Simon, 1903 Mascaraneus Gallon, 2005 Monocentropus Pocock, 1897 Myostola Simon, 1903 Phoneyusa Karsch, 1884 Augacephalus Gallon, 2002 Ceratogyrus Pocock, 1897 Eucratoscelus Pocock, 1898 Harpactira Ausserer, 1871 Harpactirella Purcell, 1902 Idiothele Hewitt, 1919 Pterinochilus Pocock, 1897 Trichognathella Gallon, 2004 Catumiri Guadanucci, 2004 毛踵蛛属 Chaetopelma Ausserer, 1871 Cratorrhagus Simon, 1891 Hemiercus Simon, 1903 Heterothele Karsch, 1879 Holothele Karsch, 1879 Ischnocolus Ausserer, 1871 Nesiergus Simon, 1903 Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924 Plesiophrictus Pocock, 1899 Pseudoligoxystre Vol, 2001 Sickius Soares & Camargo, 1948 Citharognathus Pocock, 1895 塞勒蛛属 Cyriopagopus (海南捕鳥蛛) Haplopelma Simon, 1892 Lampropelma Simon, 1892 Ornithoctonus Pocock, 1892 Phormingochilus Pocock, 1895 華麗雨林屬（Poecilotheria） Simon, 1885]] 缨毛蛛属 Chilobrachys Karsch, 1891 Coremiocnemis Simon, 1892 单壁蛛属 Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996 Lyrognathus Pocock, 1895 Orphnaecus Simon, 1892 美焰蛛属 Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897 Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 Psalmopoeus cambridgei Pocock, 1895 Psalmopoeus chronoarachne Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023 Psalmopoeus ecclesiasticus Pocock, 1903 Psalmopoeus emeraldus Pocock, 1903 Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994 Psalmopoeus langenbucheri Schmidt, Bullmer & Thierer-Lutz, 2006 Psalmopoeus maya Witt, 1996 Psalmopoeus plantaris Pocock, 1903 Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925 Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, 1880) Psalmopoeus satanas Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023 Psalmopoeus victori Mendoza, 2014 Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 棒刺蛛属 Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871 Selenotholus Hogg, 1902 Selenotypus Pocock, 1895 Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995 Tapinauchenius cupreus Schmidt & Bauer, 1996 Tapinauchenius gretae Cifuentes & Bertani, 2022 Tapinauchenius herrerai Gabriel & Sherwood, 2022 Tapinauchenius latipes L.Koch, 1875 Tapinauchenius plumipes (C.L.Koch, 1842) Tapinauchenius polybotes Hüsser, 2018 Tapinauchenius rasti Hüsser, 2018 Tapinauchenius sanctivincenti (Walckenaer, 1837) 雅美蛛属 Yamia Kishida, 1920，为Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897的异名 Annandaliella Hirst, 1909 Euphrictus Hirst, 1908 Selenogyrus Pocock, 1897 Encyocratella Strand, 1907 Heteroscodra Pocock, 1899 Stromatopelma Karsch, 1881 Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 Aenigmarachne Schmidt, 2005 Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 Bonnetina Vol, 2000 短尾蛛屬 Brachypelma Simon, 1891 Caribena Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 油彩粉紅趾蜘蛛 Chromatopelma Schmidt, 1995 紅綠橙『Greenbottle Blue tarantula』 Citharacanthus Pocock, 1901 Clavopelma Chamberlin, 1940 Crassicrus Reichling & West, 1996 Cyclosternum Ausserer, 1871 Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 Cyrtopholis Simon, 1892 Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 Eupalaestrus Pocock, 1901 Grammostola Simon, 1892 Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 半损蛛属 Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903 Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 Iracema Pérez-Miles, 2000 Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 巴伊亞猩紅食鳥蛛『Lasiodora klugi』 Lasiodorides Schmidt & Bischoff, 1997 Megaphobema Pocock, 1901 Melloleitaoina Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1960 Metriopelma Becker, 1878 Nesipelma Schmidt & Kovarik, 1996 Nhandu Lucas, 1983 Ozopactus Simon, 1889 Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901 Paraphysa Simon, 1892 Phormictopus Pocock, 1901 Plesiopelma Pocock, 1901 Plesiopelma aspidosperma Ferretti & Barneche, 2013 Plesiopelma gertschi (Caporiacco, 1955) Plesiopelma imperatrix Piza, 1976 Plesiopelma insulare (Mello-Leitão, 1923) Plesiopelma longisternale (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942) Plesiopelma minense (Mello-Leitão, 1943) Plesiopelma myodes Pocock, 1901 Plesiopelma paganoi Ferretti & Barneche, 2013 Plesiopelma physopus (Mello-Leitão, 1926) Plesiopelma rectimanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923) Plesiopelma semiaurantiacum (Simon, 1897) Pseudhapalopus Strand, 1907 Reversopelma Schmidt, 2001 Schismatothele Karsch, 1879 Schizopelma F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1897 Sericopelma Ausserer, 1875 Sphaerobothria Karsch, 1879 Stenotarsus Tesmoingt & Schmidt, 2002 Stichoplastoris Rudloff, 1997 捕鳥蛛屬 Theraphosa Thorell, 1870 Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 Vitalius Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993 Xenesthis Simon, 1891 Haploclastus Simon, 1892 Thrigmopoeus Pocock, 1899 Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 Neischnocolus amazonica (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008) Neischnocolus armihuariensis (Kaderka, 2014) Neischnocolus caxiuana (Pérez-Miles, Miglio & Bonaldo, 2008) Neischnocolus cisnerosi Neischnocolus iquitos Kaderka, 2020 Neischnocolus mecana Echeverri, Gómez Torres, Pinel & Perafán, 2023 Neischnocolus obscurus (Ausserer, 1875) Neischnocolus panamanus Petrunkevitch, 1925 Neischnocolus pijaos (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008) Neischnocolus tsere Neischnocolus valentinae (Almeida, Salvatierra & de Morais, 2019) Neischnocolus weinmanni (Pérez-Miles, 2008) Neischnocolus yupanquii (Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, 2008) Neoheterophrictus Siliwal & Raven, 2012 Neoheterophrictus amboli Mirza & Sanap, 2014 Neoheterophrictus bhori (Gravely, 1915) Neoheterophrictus chimminiensis Sunil Jose, 2020 Neoheterophrictus crurofulvus Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012 Neoheterophrictus madraspatanus (Gravely, 1935) Neoheterophrictus sahyadri Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012 Neoheterophrictus smithi Mirza, Bhosale & Sanap, 2014 Neoheterophrictus uttarakannada Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012 Pterinopelma Pocock, 1901 Pterinopelma felipeleitei Bertani & Leal, 2016 Pterinopelma longisternale (Bertani, 2001) Pterinopelma sazimai Bertani, Nagahama & Fukushima, 2011 Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling, 1891) Bertani R, Fukushima CS. 2009. Description of two new species of Avicularia Lamarck 1818 and redescription of Avicularia diversipes (C.L. Koch 1842) (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) – three possibly threatened Brazilian species. Zootaxa. 2223: 25–47. Pedro Peñaherrera-R. and Roberto J. León-E. 2023. On Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) Species and Tarantula Conservation in Ecuador. ZooKeys. 1186: 185-205. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1186.108991 Ferretti Nelson, Nicoletta Micaela, Soresi Daniela, An integrative taxonomy approach evaluates the limits of the widespread tarantula Plesiopelma longisternale (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) and reveals a new species from Argentina, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Volume 308, 2024, Pages 131-143, ISSN 0044-5231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2023.12.003. Pedro Peñaherrera-R., Ariel Guerrero-Campoverde, Roberto J. León-E., Andrés Pinos-Sánchez, José M. Falcón-Reibán. 2023. Two New Species of Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Eastern and Western Ecuador. Zootaxa. 5351(4); 483-493. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.4.6 Siliwal, M., N. Gupta and R. Raven. 2012. A New Genus of the Family Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) with description of three new species from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 4(14): 3233–3254 Bertani, R., Nagahama, R.H. and Fukushima, C.S. 2011. Revalidation of Pterinopelma Pocock 1901 with description of a new species and the female of Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling 1891) (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Zootaxa. 2814: 1–18. 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：捕鳥蛛科