管蓟马科

管蓟马科（学名：Phlaeothripidae），也称皮蓟马科，为缨翅目的一个大科。腹端呈管状。前翅表面无脉和纤微毛，仅有少数基部鬃。雌虫无特殊产卵器。世界性分布。 本科昆虫的生活方式和食性比较复杂，除植食性或肉食性外，有许多种为菌食性或腐食性。有110余种在植物叶上营虫瘿生活，虫瘿形态多样。代表种有麦筒管蓟马（在新疆为害小麦）和稻管蓟马（为害水稻）。 本科包括以下属： Ablemothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1969 Acaciothrips Priesner, 1965 'Acaciothrips ebneri (Karny, 1920) Acallurothrips Bagnall, 1921 Acanthothrips Uzel, 1895 Aclystothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1972 Acrosothrips Stannard, 1963 Actinothrips Bagnall, 1909 Aculeathrips Kudo, 1975 Adamantothrips Stannard, 1960 Adelothrips Hood, 1938-01 Adelphothrips Priesner, 1953 Adiaphorothrips Girault, 1928 德管蓟马属 Adraneothrips Hood, 1925 Adrothrips Moulton, 1942 Adurothrips Mound, 1994 Advenathrips Morris, Mound & Schwarz, 2000 Aeglothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1969 Aesthesiothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1961 Aesthetothrips Hood, 1954 Afrothrips Bournier, 1970 Agnostochthona Kirkaldy, 1907 Agrothrips Jacot-Guillarmod, 1939 Agynaikothrips Okajima, 2006 Ahamothrips Kumar, Tyagi et Bhatti, 2007 Aiganothrips Bhatti, 1991 Akainothrips Mound, 1971 Akarethrips Dang, Mound & Qio, 2014 Akthethrips Mound, 1970 Alerothrips Bhatti, 1995 Aleurodothrips Franklin, 1909 Aleurodothrips fasciapennis (Franklin, 1908) Allidothrips Strassen, 1968 Alloiothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1964 Allopisothrips Sakimura et Bianchi, 1977 Allothrips Hood, 1908 Alocothrips Priesner, 1952 Amothrips Priesner, 1939 Amphibolothrips Buffa, 1909 Amynothrips O'Neill, 1968 Anactinothrips Bagnall, 1909 Anaglyptothrips Mound et Palmer, 1983 Anallothrips Okajima & Urushihara, 1997 Ananthakrishnana Bhatti, 1967 Ananthakrishnanothrips Bournier, 1985 Andrethrips Mound, 1974 Androthrips Karny, 1911 Antillothrips Stannard, 1957 Apelaunothrips Karny, 1925 Apelaunothrips Zhao, Jia & Tong, 2018 Aphlothrips Tyagi et Kumar, 2006 Apostlethrips Mound et Minaei, 2006 Apterygothrips Priesner, 1933 Araeothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1976 Arcyothrips Hood, 1934 Argothrips Mound & Tree, 2017 Arrhenothrips Hood, 1919 Asemothrips Hood, 1919 Asianthrips Okajima, 2006 Ataliothrips Bhatti, 1995 Athlibothrips Priesner, 1952 Atractothrips Hood, 1938 Aulothrips Priesner, 1950 Austrothrips Brethes, 1915 Ayyarothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1972 Azaleothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1964 Azeugmatothrips Mound et Palmer, 1983 Bacillothrips Buffa, 1908 Bactrothrips Karny, 1912 Baenothrips Crawford, 1948 Baeonothrips Bagnalliella Karny, 1920 Bamboosiella Ananthakrishnan, 1957 Bangithrips Mound & Ng, 2018 Bebelothrips Buffa, 1909 Biconothrips Stannard, 1970 Blepharidothrips Hood, 1952 Bocathrips Goldarazena, 2010 Bolothrips Priesner, 1926 Boothrips Priesner, 1949 Brachythrips Reuter, 1899 Bradythrips Hood & Williams, 1925 Brakothrips Crespi, Morris et Mound, 2004 Buffettithrips Mound & Wells, 2015 Bunothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1969 Byctothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1973 Calamothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1967 Callithrips Bournier, 1969 Callococcithrips Mound & Wells, 2007 Camachothrips Retana-Salazar, 2009 Campulothrips Moulton, 1944 Carathrips Hood, 1938 Carcinothrips Moulton, 1929 Carientothrips Moulton, 1944 Carissothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1964 Carius Faure, 1961 Cartomothrips Stannard, 1963 Cecidothrips Kieffer, 1908 Celidothrips Priesner, 1951 Cephalothrips Uzel, 1895 Cephenothrips Priesner, 1929 Ceuthothrips Hood, 1938 Chaetokarnyia Priesner, 1952 Chalepothrips Priesner, 1968 Chamaeothrips Hood, 1954 Chelaeothrips Karny, 1923 Chiraplothrips Priesner, 1931 Chiridothrips Ramakrishna et Margabandhu, 1939 Chiridurothrips Okajima, 1981 Chirothripoides Bagnall, 1915 Chlarathrips Ananthakrishnan, 1967 Choleothrips Moulton, 1927 Chorithrips Hood, 1957 Chortothrips Hood, 1957 Chromatothrips Schmutz, 1913 Chthonothrips Hood, 1957 Cladothrips Claustrothrips Bournier, 1994 Cleistothrips Bagnall, 1932 Compsothrips Reuter, 1901 Conocephalothrips Bianchi, 1946 Corroboreethrips Mound et Moritz, 2000 Corycidothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1972 Coryphothrips Karny, 1923 Coxothrips Bournier, 1964 Craniothrips Bagnall, 1915 Crespithrips Mound et Morris, 2000 Crinitothrips Okajima, 1978 Crotonothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1968 Cryptothrips Uzel, 1895 Csirothrips Mound, 1971 Cylindrothrips Moulton, 1949 Cyphothrips Hood, 1952 Dactylothrips Bagnall, 1923 Deplorothrips Mound & Walker, 1986 Dermothrips Bagnall, 1910 Dexiothrips Hartwig, 1952 Diaphorothrips Karny, 1920 Diceratothrips Bagnall, 1908 Dichaetothrips Hood, 1914 Dimorphothrips Bagnall, 1928 Dinothrips Bagnall, 1908 Dioclesianothrips Retana-Salazar & Soto-Rodriguez, 2007 Diphyothrips Stannard, 1963 Diplacothrips Hood, 1937 Diplochelaeothrips Moulton, 1944 Dixothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1969 Docessissophothrips Bagnall, 1908 Dolicholepta Priesner, 1932 Dolichothrips Karny, 1912 Domatiathrips Mound, 1993 Domeothrips Crespi, Morris et Mound, 2004 Dopothrips Bhatti, 1995 Drypetothrips Mound & Wells, 2020 Dunatothrips Moulton, 1942 Dyothrips Kudo, 1974 Dyscolothrips Mamet, 1967 Ecacanthothrips Bagnall, 1909 Ecacleistothrips Mound, 2007 Egchocephalothrips Bagnall, 1916 Elaphrothrips Buffa, 1909 Elgonima Strassen, 1972 Emprosthiothrips Moulton, 1942 Eothrips Hood, 1915 Eparsothrips Epomisothrips Hood, 1954 Erkosothrips Stannard, 1955 Eschatothrips Stannard, 1955 Ethirothrips Karny, 1925 Eugynothripd Eugynothrips Priesner, 1926 Eumorphothrips Schmutz, 1913 Euoplothrips Hood, 1918 Eupathithrips Bagnall, 1908 Eurhynchothrips Bagnall, 1918 Euryaplothrips Ramakrishna et Margabandhu, 1931 Eurynothrips Bagnall, 1908 Eurythrips Hinds, 1902 Eurytrichothrips Priesner, 1920 Faureothrips Priesner, 1949 Fourbethrips Soto-Rodriguez, Nishida & Retana-Salazar, 2012 Gabonothrips Bournier, 1970 肚管蓟马属 Gastrothrips Hood, 1912 Gemmathrips Reyes, 1994 Gigantothrips Zimmermann, 1900 Giraultithrips Mound & Tree, 2014 Glaridothrips Crespi, Morris et Mound, 2004 Glenothrips Priesner, 1921 Glubothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1969 Gluphothrips Moulton, 1944 Glyptothrips Hood, 1912 Gnophothrips Hood & Williams, 1915 Godoythrips Mound et Marullo, 1996 Gomphiothrips Moulton, 1933 Goniothrips Hood, 1927 Grypothrips Karny, 1924 Gymnothrips Karny, 1911 Gynaikothrips Zimmermann, 1900 Habrothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1968 Hadothrips Priesner, 1925 Halothrips Bournier, 1962 Hansonthrips Mound et Marullo, 1996 Hapedothrips Bhatti, 1995 Hapelothrips Strassen, 1972 Haplothrips Amyot & Serville, 1843 Hapsidothrips Mamet, 1967 Hartwigia Faure, 1949 Heligmothrips Mound, 1970 Heliothripoides Okajima, 1987 Heptadikothrips Crespi, Morris et Mound, 2004 Heptathrips Moulton, 1942 Herathrips Mound, 1974 Hexadikothrips Crespi, Morris et Mound, 2004 Hindsiothripa Hindsiothrips Stannard, 1958 Hiplothrips Djadetchko, 1962 Holcothrips Hood, 1954 Holoengythrips Mound & Tree, 2014 Holopothrips Hood, 1914 Holopothrips acrioris Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips atlanticus Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips bicolor Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips brevicapitatum Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips cardosoi Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips curiosus Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips. flavisetis Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips graziae Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips inconspicuus Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips infestans Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips irregularis Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips johanseni Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips kaminskii Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips longihamus Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips longisetus Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips magnus Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips maiae Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips nigrisetis Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips nigrum Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips punctatus Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips reticulatus Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips singularis Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holopothrips spermathecus Lindner, Ferrari, Mound & Cavalleri. 2018 Holothrips Karny, 1911 Holurothrips Bagnall, 1914 Hoodiana Faure, 1933 Hoplandothrips Hoplandrothrips Hood, 1912 Hoplothrips Amyot & Serville, 1843 Horistothrips Morgan, 1913 Hybridothrips Stannard, 1954 Hyidiothrips Hood, 1938 Hystricothrips Karny, 1912 Idiothrips Faure, 1933 Idolothrips Haliday, 1852 Idolothrips Walker, 1852 Illinothrips Stannard, 1954 Inermothrips Muraleedharan & Sen, 1978 Iniothrips John, 1922 Iotatubothrips Mound & Crespi, 1992 Ischyrothrips Schmutz, 1913 Isotrichothrips Priesner, 1968 Jacobothrips Strassen, 1966 Jacotia Faure, 1940 Jennythrips Bhatti, 1993 Jersonithrips Retana & Nishida, 2007 Jironiella Retana-Salazar & Soto-Rodriguez, 2007 Johansenthrips Retana & Soto, 2008 Karnyothrips Watson, 1923 Katothrips Mound, 1971 Kellyia Bagnall, 1928 Kilkuyrukus Özdikmen, 2008 Kladothrips Froggatt, 1906 Klambothrips Mound et Morris, 2007 Kochummania Ananthakrishnan, 1969 Koptothrips Bagnall, 1929 Kremnothrips Mound & Tree, 2017 Lamillothrips Bagnall, 1923 Lasiothrips Moulton, 1968 Leeuwenia Karny, 1912 Leichhardtithrips Tree et Mound, 2013 Leptoliothrips Moulton, 1927 Leptothrips Hood, 1909 Lichanothrips Mound, 1971 Liophlaeothrips Liophloeothrips Priesner, 1919 Liothrips Uzel, 1895 Liotrichothrips Bagnall, 1929 Lispothrips Reuter, 1899 Lissothrips Hood, 1908 Litotetothrips Priesner, 1929 Lizalothrips Okajima, 1984 Loepothrips Logadothrips Priesner, 1929 Lonchothrips Hood, 1957 Loyolaia Ananthakrishnan, 1964 Lygothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1964 Machatothrips Bagnall, 1908 Macrophthalmothrips Karny, 1922 Macrothrips Bagnall, 1908 Maderothrips Priesner, 1964 Majerthrips Mound et Minaei, 2006 Malacothrips Hinds, 1902 Malesiathrips Palmer et Mound, 1978 Mallothrips Ramakrishna et Margabandhu, 1928 Manothrips Priesner, 1953 Margaritothrips Priesner, 1932 Mastigothrips Priesner, 1932 Mathetethrips Moulton, 1939 Mathetithrips Moulton, 1939 Matilethrips Bournier et Bournier, 1979 Maurithrips Mamet, 1967 Maxillata Faure, 1949 Maxillithrips Bhatti, 1978 Mecynothrips Bagnall, 1908 Medogothrips Han, 1988 Megalothrips Uzel, 1895 大管蓟马属 Megathrips Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881 Megeugynothrips Priesner, 1929 Meiothrips Priesner, 1929 Membrothrips Bhatti, 1978-01 Menothrips Hood, 1957 Mesandrothrips Priesner, 1933 Mesicothrips Priesner, 1952 Mesothrips Zimmermann, 1900 Metriothrips Hood, 1936 Microdontothrips Okajima, 2006 Mimothrips Priesner, 1949 Minaeithrips Mound, 2007 Mirothrips Cavalleri, Souza, Prezotto et Mound, 2013 Mixothrips Stannard, 1968 Moultonides Kevin, 1963 Murphythrips Mound et Palmer, 1983 Mutothrips Ananthakrishnan & Swaminathan, 1980 Mychiothrips Haga et Okajima, 1979 Myopothrips Priesner, 1940 Myrciathrips Cavalleri Lindner et Mendonça, 2016 Mystrothrips Priesner, 1949 Nagathrips Varatharajan & Singh, 2000 Neatractothrips Mound et Palmer, 1983 Necrothrips Priesner, 1924 Neocecidothrips Bagnall, 1928 Neodixothrips Sen et Muraleedharan, 1976 Neoheegeria Schmutz, 1909 Neohoodiella Bournier, 1997 Neosmerinthothrips Schmutz, 1913 Neothrips Hood, 1908 Nesidiothrips Mound, 1974 Nesothrips Kirkaldy, 1907 Neurothrips Hood, 1924 Notothrips Hood, 1933 Ocnothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1969 Octurothrips Priesner, 1931 Ocythrips Ananthakrishnan, 1972 Oidanothrips Moulton, 1944 Okajimathrips Bhatti, 1992 Ophthalmothrips Hood, 1919 Opidnothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1971 Orthothrips Priesner, 1925 Ostlingothrips Crespi, Morris et Mound, 2004 Ozothrips Mound et Palmer, 1983 Pachyliothrips Okajima, 2006 Panceratothrips Bagnall, 1936 Panoplothrips Moulton, 1968 Parabaphothrips Moulton, 1949 Paracholeothrips Moulton, 1968 Paracryptothrips Moulton, 1944 Paractinothrips Mound et Palmer, 1983 Paradexiothrips Okajima, 1984 Parahoplothrips Schlephake, 2003 Paramystrothrips Bournier, 1971 Parateuchothrips Moulton, 1944 Pedoeothrips Hood, 1954 Pegothrips Sen et Muraleedharan, 1977 Pelinothrips Mound, 1974 Peltariothrips Mound et Palmer, 1983 Pentagonothrips Haga et Okajima, 1979 Pezidothrips Priesner, 1951 Phacothrips Mound, 1974 Phallothrips Mound & Crespi, 1992 Pharothrips Mound & Wells, 2020 Phasmothrips Priesner, 1933 Phaulothrips Hood, 1918 Phenicothrips Bhatti, 1995 Phenothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1967 Phiarothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1968 Philothrips Priesner, 1939 管蓟马 Phlaeothrips Haliday, 1836 Phloeothrips Halliday, 1836 Phorinothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1968 Phylladothrips Priesner, 1933 Pinaceothrips Yakhontov, 1956 Pistillothrips Johansen, 1982 Plagiothrips Priesner, 1968 Plectothrips Plectrothrips Hood, 1908 Pleurothrips Hood, 1957 Plicothrips Bhatti, 1979 Pnigmothrips Priesner, 1953 Podothrips Hood, 1913 Poecilothrips Uzel, 1895 Polygonothrips Schliephake, 1999 Polyphemothrips Schmutz, 1909 Polytrichothrips Priesner, 1939 Pongola Strassen, 1959 Ponticulothrips Haga et Okajima, 1983 Porcothrips Priesner, 1951 Praeciputhrips Reyes, 1994 Praepodothrips Priesner & Seshadri, 1953 Preeriella Hood, 1939 Priesneria Bagnall, 1926 Priesneriana Ananthakrishnan, 1956 Priesneriella Hood, 1927 Priesnerothrips Hood, 1954 Pristothrips Hood, 1925 Prohaplothrips Schliephake, 2000 Proleeuwenia Priesner, 1924 Propealiothrips Reyes, 1994 Propesolomonthrips Reyes, 1994 Prosantothrips Priesner, 1952 Protolispothrips Schliephake, 2001 Psalidothrips Priesner, 1932 Pselaphothrips Hood, 1916 Psenothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1968 Psephenothrips Reyes, 1994 Pseudocryptothrips Priesner, 1919 Pseudoeurhynchothrips Moulton, 1949 Pseudophilothrips Johansen, 1979 Pueblothrips Stannard, 1950 Pygmaeothrips Karny, 1920 Pygothrips Hood, 1915 Pyknothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1964 Ramakrishnaiella Karny, 1927 Retiothrips Bournier, 1994 Rhaptothrips Crawford, 1909 Rhinoceps Faure, 1949 Rhopalothripoides Bagnall, 1929 Rhopalothrips Hood, 1912 Rhynchothrips Hood, 1912 Rosingothrips Reyes, 1994 Sacothrips Moulton, 1968 Sagenothrips Priesner, 1933 Sakimurella Bhatti, 1999 Salothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1976 Sartrithrips Mound et Morris, 2001 Sauridothrips Priesner, 1953 Saurothrips Hood, 1952 Scelothrips Priesner, 1952 Schazothrips Hood, 1957 Schedothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1969 Schizeia Faure, 1949 Schlechtendalia Bagnall, 1929 Schwarzithrips Mound et Morris, 2000 Scopaeothrips Hood, 1912 Scotothrips Priesner, 1939 Sedulothrips Bagnall, 1915 Senarioliothrips Johansen, 1981 Senegathrips Bournier, 1971 Senithrips Mound et Minaei, 2006 Sinuothrips Collins, 2001 Smicrothrips Hood, 1952 Socothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1972 Solomonthrips Mound, 1970 Sophikothrips Mound, 1970 Sophiothrips Hood, 1934 Sphingothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1972 Spilothrips Moulton, 1942 Sporothrips Hood, 1938 Stannardiana Ananthakrishnan, 1964 Stannardothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1965 Stegothrips Hood, 1934 Stenocephalothrips Johansen, 1982 Stephanothrips Trybom, 1913 Stictothrips Hood, 1925 Stigmothrips Stomothrips Okajima, 2000 Strassenia Faure, 1959 Strepterothrips Hood, 1934 Streptothrips Priesner, 1932 Sucinothrips Schliephake, 1999 Sumatrothrips Priesner, 1952 Sunaitiothrips Moulton, 1942 Sunaitothrips Suocerathrips Mound et Marullo, 1994 Symphiothrips Hood & Williams, 1915 Symphyothrips Hood & Williams, 1915 Synergothrips Ananthakrishnan, 1972 Syringothrips Priesner, 1933 Talitha Faure, 1958 Tamilthrips Bhatti, 1995 Tarassothrips Mound et Palmer, 1983 Telothrips Kudo et Ananthakrishnan, 1974 Temenothrips Okajima & Urushihara, 1992 Terthrothrips Karny, 1925 Tetracanthothrips Bagnall, 1915 Tetradothrips Priesner, 1952 Tetragonothrips Moulton, 1940 Teuchothrips Hood, 1919 Thalitha Thaumatothrips Karny, 1922 Thilakothrips Ramakrishna, 1928 Thlibothrips Priesner, 1952 Thorybothrips Priesner, 1924 Tiarothrips Priesner, 1935 Tolmetothrips Priesner, 1953 Torvothrips Johansen, 1979 Trachythrips Hood, 1930 Tragothrips Pelikan, 2001 Transithrips Bournier, 1964 Treherniella Watson, 1924 Triadothrips Crespi, Morris et Mound, 2004 Trichinothrips Bagnall, 1929 Tropothrips Hood, 1949 Truncatothrips Crespi, Morris et Mound, 2004 Trybomia Karny, 1911 Trypanothrips Hood, 1957 Tumidothrips Pelikan, 2004 Turmathrips Crespi, Morris et Mound, 2004 Tylothrips Hood, 1937 尾管蓟马属 Urothrips Bagnall, 1909 Vargasia Retana-Salazar & Soto-Rodriguez, 2007 Veerabahuthrips Ramakrishna, 1932 Vicinothrips Mound et Morris, 2000 Vuilletia Karny, 1923 Walkerthrips Bhatti, 1995 Warithrips Mound, 1971 Weitschatithrips Schliephake, 2003 Willeia Retana-Salazar & Soto-Rodriguez, 2007 Williamsiella Hood, 1925 Xaniothrips Mound, 1971 Xeroleptothrips Johansen, 1982 Xiphidothrips Priesner, 1951 Xyelethrips Mound, 1970 Xylaplothrips Priesner, 1928 Xyloplothrips Bournier et Bournier, 1986 Yarnkothrips Bournier et Bournier, 1986 Yarnkothrips Mound & Walker, 1986 Zactinothrips Hood, 1936 Zaliothrips Hood, 1938 Zelotothrips Priesner, 1952 Zemiathrips Mound, 2002 Zeuglothrips Hood, 1936 Zeugmatothrips Priesner, 1925 Zuluiella Jacot-Guillarmod, 1939 Phlaeothripidae. GBIF. [2022-09-26]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-06）.  Mariana F. Lindner, Augusto Ferrari, Laurence A. Mound and Adriano Cavalleri. 2018. Holopothrips Diversity — A Neotropical Genus of Gall-inducing Insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Zootaxa. 4494(1); 1-99. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4494.1.1