小包脚菇属

小包腳菇屬（学名：Volvariella）是光柄菇科的一個屬，其下有約50種物種，多生長於草原、樹林的土壤中，有至少一種物種（立起小包脚菇（英语：Volvariella surrecta））寄生於其他蕈類。本屬物種的子實體多缺乏蕈環，具有類似鵝膏菌屬的蕈托，蕈褶中菌髓發育型態為逆向菌髓（inverse trama，即菌髓發育成熟後，子實下層的菌絲會朝菌髓側生長），擔孢子表面平滑、梅澤試劑檢驗結果為陰性（即不含有類澱粉蛋白），孢子印則多為深粉紅色。有些物種外形與鵝膏菌屬的類群相當類似，但後者多具有蕈環，且孢子印呈白色。 2002年，有分子系統發生學研究顯示小包腳菇屬與裂褶菌屬與牛排菌屬的親緣關係較為接近，但2011年的研究不支持此一結論，而顯示小包腳菇屬是一個複系群，因此將粘盖包脚菇（英语：Volvopluteus gloiocephalus）等部分物種分出，歸入新屬Volvopluteus，為光柄菇屬的姊妹群，原小包腳菇屬的核心類群則與蠅頭菌屬與拱頂菌屬（英语：Camarophyllus）的親緣關係較為接近。 本属包括以下物种： Volvariella aethiops A. Favre & Vialard Volvariella alabamensis (Murrill) Shaffer Volvariella alachuana (Murrill) Shaffer Volvariella apalotricha (Berk. & Broome) Pegler Volvariella arenaria (Pat.) Singer 小包脚菇 Volvariella argentina Speg. 巴氏小包脚菇 Volvariella bakeri (Murrill) Shaffer Volvariella bingensis (Beeli) Shaffer 银丝草菇 Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer，丝盖小包脚菇 冬小包脚菇 Volvariella brumalis S.C. He Volvariella caesiotincta P.D. Orton Volvariella californica (Earle) Singer Volvariella canalipes (Murrill) Shaffer Volvariella castanea (Massee) G.C. Rath Volvariella cinerascens (Bres.) M.M. Moser Volvariella clarkeae Grgur. Volvariella cnemidophora (Mont.) Singer Volvariella congolensis N.C. Pathak Volvariella cookei Contu 古巴小包脚菇 Volvariella cubensis (Murrill) Shaffer Volvariella cygnopotamia (Berk.) Singer Volvariella delicatula (Massee) Manjula 双体小包脚菇 Volvariella diplasia (Berk. & Broome) Singer Volvariella dunensis (Vila, Àngel & Llimona) Justo & M.L. Castro 美味草菇 Volvariella esculenta (Massee) Singer，可食小包脚菇 Volvariella fuscidula (Bres.) M.M. Moser ex Shaffer Volvariella glandiformis (Berk. & Broome) Pegler 黏盖草菇 Volvariella gloiocephala (DC.) Boekhout & Enderle Volvariella goossensiae (Beeli) Shaffer Volvariella guttulosa E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova Volvariella heterospora Menolli & Capelari 白毛小包脚菇 Volvariella hypopithys (Fr.) Shaffer Volvariella indica M.K. Saini, N.J. Kaur & Atri Volvariella insignis Heinem. 伊朗小包脚菇 Volvariella iranica (Fallahyan) Szczepka Volvariella islagarciae Raithelh. 牙买加小包脚菇 Volvariella jamaicensis (Murrill) Shaffer 朝鲜小包脚菇 Volvariella koreana Seok, Yang S. Kim, K.M. Park, W.G. Kim, K.H. Yoo & I.C. Park Volvariella krizii Pilát Volvariella lepiotospora Singer Volvariella leucocalix Sá & Wartchow Volvariella liliputiana (Henn.) G.C. Rath Volvariella macrospora Singer Volvariella mammosa N.C. Pathak 间型小包脚菇 Volvariella media (Schumach.) Singer Volvariella microspila (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) S. Ito Volvariella minuta M. Kumar bis, Jagad. & Kaviy. Volvariella minutella Courtec. Volvariella morozovae E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova 灰小包脚菇 Volvariella murinella (Quél.) M.M. Moser ex Dennis, P.D. Orton & Hora Volvariella nana Pegler Volvariella nauseosa (Romagn.) Vizzini & Contu Volvariella nigrodisca Shaffer Volvariella nigrovolvacea Kosina 雪白小包脚菇 Volvariella nivea T.H. Li & Xiang L. Chen Volvariella niveosulcata E.F. Malysheva, O.V. Morozova & A.V. Alexandrova Volvariella nullicystidiata Menolli & Capelari Volvariella oswaldoi (Bat.) Putzke Volvariella palmicola (Beeli) Heinem. Volvariella paraguayensis (Speg.) Shaffer Volvariella parvispora Heinem. Volvariella peckii (G.F. Atk.) Shaffer Volvariella pellucida Shaffer Volvariella perciliata Courtec. Volvariella platensis (Speg.) Shaffer Volvariella psammophila Singer 拟苞小包脚菇 Volvariella pseudovolvacea (Berk. & Broome) Singer Volvariella ptilotricha E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova Volvariella pulla E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova 矮小包脚菇 Volvariella pusilla (Pers.) Singer Volvariella rava T.H. Li & Jiang Xu Volvariella reidii Heinem. Volvariella rondoniensis Singer Volvariella rostricystidiata Niego, Sysouph. & Raspé 2021 Volvariella sathei Senthil., Rah. Sharma & S.K. Singh Volvariella smithii Shaffer Volvariella stercoraria (Peck) Singer Volvariella strangulata (Romagn.) Vizzini & Contu Volvariella striata N.C. Pathak 褐毛小包脚菇 Volvariella subtaylorii Hongo Volvariella subxerophytica Singer 立起小包脚菇 Volvariella surrecta (Knapp) Singer 小绒苞小包脚菇 Volvariella taylorii (Berk. & Broome) Singer 裂托小包脚菇 Volvariella terastia (Berk. & Broome) Singer Volvariella terrea Musumeci & A. Riva Volvariella thwaitesii (Hook. f.) G.C. Rath 毛托小包脚菇 Volvariella villosovolva (Lloyd) Singer 草菇 Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer Volvariella woodrowiana (Massee) Manjula 立起小包脚菇 草菇 银丝草菇 真菌主题 Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 2008: 727. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.  Shaffer R. Volvariella in North America. Mycologia. 1957, 49 (4): 545–79 (see pp. 574–5). JSTOR 3756159. doi:10.2307/3756159.  Justo A, Vizzini A, Minnis AM, Menolli N Jr, Capelari M, Rodríguez O, Malysheva E, Contu M, Ghignone S, Hibbett DS. Phylogeny of the Pluteaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): taxonomy and character evolution 115 (1). Fungal Biology: 1-20. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.09.012.  Moncalvo JM, et al. One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 23 (3): 357–400 [2018-12-07]. PMID 12099793. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. （原始内容存档于2013-08-17）.  Volvariella Speg., 1898. GBIF. [2022-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-12）.  Niego, Allen Grace T., Sysouphanthong, Phongeun, Thongklang, Naritsada, et al. A new species of Volvariella and the first record of Volvariella pulla (Agaricales: incertae sedis) from Thailand[J]. PHYTOTAXA, 2021, 480(3):237-250