EF手

EF手（英語：EF hand）是一种在钙结合蛋白中发现的螺旋-环-螺旋结构域或结构基序。 EF手包括一个螺旋-环-螺旋拓扑结构，就像人类的手上拇指和食指，而Ca2+离子与其配体就位于环内。这一结构最早在小清蛋白（英语：parvalbumin）中发现，小清蛋白含有三个EF手结构，与钙离子结合而造成的肌肉放松有关。 EF手包含两个α螺旋，由一个短的（通常包括12个氨基酸）环状区域连接，常用于结合钙离子。EF手也出现在钙调蛋白的所有结构域和肌肉蛋白质肌钙蛋白C中。 自从EF手结构模体在1973年被描绘以来，迄今为止该家族的蛋白质已扩展到至少66个亚家族。EF手结构基元可以分为Canonical EF-hands和Pseudo EF-hands 两大类： EPS15 homology (EH) domain – IPR000261 人类基因组中，包含有EF手的蛋白质有： ACTN1（英语：ACTN1）、ACTN2、ACTN3、ACTN4（英语：ACTN4）、APBA2BP; AYTL1; AYTL2 C14orf143; CABP1; CABP2; CABP3; CABP4; CABP5; CABP7; CALB1; CALB2; CALM2; CALM3; CALML3; CALML4; CALML5; CALML6; CALN1; CALU; CAPN1; CAPN11; CAPN2; CAPN3; CAPN9; CAPNS1; CAPNS2; CAPS; CAPS2; CAPSL; CBARA1; CETN1; CETN2; CETN3; CHP; CHP2; CIB1; CIB2; CIB3; CIB4; CRNN DGKA; DGKB; DGKG; DST; DUOX1; DUOX2 EFCAB1; EFCAB2; EFCAB4A; EFCAB4B; EFCAB6; EFCBP1; EFCBP2; EFHA1; EFHA2; EFHB; EFHC1; EFHD1; EFHD2; EPS15; EPS15L1 FKBP10; FKBP14; FKBP7; FKBP9; FKBP9L; FREQ; FSTL1; FSTL5 GCA; GPD2; GUCA1A; GUCA1B; GUCA1C hippocalcin; HPCAL1; HPCAL4; HZGJ IFPS; ITSN1; ITSN2; KCNIP1; KCNIP2; KCNIP3; KCNIP4; KIAA1799 LCP1 MACF1; MRLC2; MRLC3; MST133; MYL1; MYL2; MYL5; MYL6B; MYL7; MYL9; MYLC2PL; MYLPF NCALD; NIN; NKD1; NKD2; NLP; NOX5; NUCB1; NUCB2 OCM PDCD6; PEF1; PKD2; PLCD1; PLCD4; PLCH1; PLCH2; PLS1; PLS3; PP1187; PPEF1; PPEF2; PPP3R1; PPP3R2; PRKCSH; PVALB RAB11FIP3; RASEF; RASGRP; RASGRP1; RASGRP2; RASGRP3; RCN1; RCN2; RCN3; RCV1; RCVRN; REPS1; RHBDL3; RHOT1; RHOT2; RPTN; RYR2; RYR3 S100A1; S100A11; S100A12; S100A6; S100A8; S100A9; S100B; S100G; S100Z; SCAMC-2; SCGN; SCN5A; SDF4; SLC25A12; SLC25A13; SLC25A23; SLC25A24; SLC25A25; SPATA21; SPTA1; SPTAN1; SRI TBC1D9; TBC1D9B; TCHH; TESC; TNNC1; TNNC2 USP32 VSNL1 ZZEF1 锚定结构域（英语：dockerin domain），另一种由α-螺旋组成的钙结合结构基序。 Ban C, Ramakrishnan B, Ling KY, Kung C, Sundaralingam M. Structure of the recombinant Paramecium tetraurelia calmodulin at 1.68 A resolution. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. January 1994, 50 (Pt 1): 50–63. PMID 15299476. doi:10.1107/S0907444993007991.  Branden C, Tooze J. Chapter 2: Motifs of protein structure. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland Pub. 1999: 24–25. ISBN 0-8153-2305-0.  Nakayama S, Kretsinger RH. Evolution of the EF-hand family of proteins. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 1994, 23: 473–507. PMID 7919790. doi:10.1146/annurev.bb.23.060194.002353.  Zhou Y, Yang W, Kirberger M, Lee HW, Ayalasomayajula G, Yang JJ. Prediction of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins and analysis of bacterial EF-hand proteins. Proteins. November 2006, 65 (3): 643–55. PMID 16981205. doi:10.1002/prot.21139.  Zhou Y, Frey TK, Yang JJ. Viral calciomics: interplays between Ca2+ and virus. Cell Calcium. July 2009, 46 (1): 1–17. PMID 19535138. doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2009.05.005.  Nakayama S, Moncrief ND, Kretsinger RH. Evolution of EF-hand calcium-modulated proteins. II. Domains of several subfamilies have diverse evolutionary histories. J. Mol. Evol. May 1992, 34 (5): 416–48. PMID 1602495. doi:10.1007/BF00162998.  Hogue CW, MacManus JP, Banville D, Szabo AG. Comparison of terbium (III) luminescence enhancement in mutants of EF hand calcium binding proteins. J. Biol. Chem. July 1992, 267 (19): 13340–7. PMID 1618836.  Bairoch A, Cox JA. EF-hand motifs in inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C. FEBS Lett. September 1990, 269 (2): 454–6. PMID 2401372. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81214-9.  Finn BE, Forsén S. The evolving model of calmodulin structure, function and activation. Structure. January 1995, 3 (1): 7–11. PMID 7743133. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00130-7.  Stathopulos PB, Zheng L, Li GY, Plevin MJ, Ikura M. Structural and mechanistic insights into STIM1-mediated initiation of store-operated calcium entry. Cell. October 2008, 135 (1): 110–22. PMID 18854159. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.08.006.  Nelson MR, Thulin E, Fagan PA, Forsén S, Chazin WJ. The EF-hand domain: a globally cooperative structural unit. Protein Sci. February 2002, 11 (2): 198–205. PMC 2373453 . PMID 11790829. doi:10.1110/ps.33302.  Nelson M, Chazin W. EF-Hand Calcium-Binding Proteins Data Library. Vanderbilt University. [2009-08-29]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-25）.  Haiech J. EF-hand protein database (EF-handome). European Calcium Society and the Université Libre de Bruxelles. [2009-08-29]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-09）. upon request to haiech@pharma.u-strasbg.fr  Yang J. Calciomics. Georgia State University. [2009-08-29]. （原始内容存档于2009-10-12）. prediction server for EF-hand calcium binding proteins