明治海底山

明治海底山（英語：Meiji Seamount），又稱明治海底平頂山，是一座位於太平洋夏威夷－皇帝海山鏈的海底平頂山。其是夏威夷-天皇海山链中最古老的海山，估计年龄为8200万年。其位于海山链的最北端，坐落在千岛海沟的外坡上。与其他天皇海山类似，它也是由夏威夷热点形成的，后来发展为岛屿，并随着太平洋板块的运动，先是向北，现在又向西北降到海面下。明治海山是属于平顶海底山的特殊海山，一些文献称其为明治平顶海山。 明治海山最终将隐没到千岛海沟下，不过若板块运动维持现在的速度，这种情况还要过几百万年才发生。虽然明治海山是夏威夷-天皇海山链现存最古老的海山，但是否有更古老的海山已经俯冲到海溝中，仍无定论。 深海钻探项目（DSDP）19号井192A号洞在明治海山顶附近发现了13米长的枕状熔岩，最初被归为碱性玄武岩，但后来对玻璃和辉石的微探针分析表明它们源于拉斑质岩浆系列。至少发现了5个岩流（flow）。 明治天皇 热点 (地质学) 底特律海底山 註解 (Scholl et al. 1973) Metzger, Ellen Pletcher. The STRATegy COLUMN for Precollege Science Teachers--Hot Spots, Plumes, and Plate Motion. Journal of Geological Education. 1995, 43 (4): 408–413. Bibcode:1995JGeoE..43..408M. ISSN 0022-1368. doi:10.5408/0022-1368-43.4.408 （英语）.  Jiang, Zhaoxia; Li, Sanzhong; Liu, Qingsong; Zhang, Jianli; Zhou, Zaizheng; Zhang, Yuzhen. The trials and tribulations of the Hawaii hot spot model. Earth-Science Reviews. 2021, 215: 103544 [2023-11-08]. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503544J. S2CID 233532339. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103544 . （原始内容存档于2022-10-27） （英语）.  Wei, Songqiao Shawn; Shearer, Peter M.; Lithgow-Bertelloni, Carolina; Stixrude, Lars; Tian, Dongdong. Oceanic plateau of the Hawaiian mantle plume head subducted to the uppermost lower mantle. Science. 2020-11-20, 370 (6519): 983–987 [2023-11-08]. Bibcode:2020Sci...370..983W. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33214281. S2CID 227059993. doi:10.1126/science.abd0312. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25） （英语）.  Bürgmann, Roland. Interseismic coupling and asperity distribution along the Kamchatka subduction zone. Journal of Geophysical Research. 2005, 110 (B7): B07405. Bibcode:2005JGRB..110.7405B. ISSN 0148-0227. S2CID 129123498. doi:10.1029/2005JB003648  （英语）.  Dalrymple. G.B., Lanphere; M.A., Natland, K-Ar Minimum Age for Meiji Guyot, Emperor Seamount Chain, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 55, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980 [2022-08-10], doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.129.1980   Scholl, David; Creager, Joe; Boyce, Robert; Echols, Ronald; Fullam, Timothy; Grow, John; Koizumi, Itaru; Lee, Homa; Ling, Hsin Yi; Supko, Peter; Worsley, Thomas. Site 192. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 19. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 19. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1973 [2023-11-08]. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.19.111.1973. （原始内容存档于2024-01-02） （英语）.  Regelous, M.; Hofmann, A.W.; Abouchami, W; Galer, J.G. Geochemistry of Lavas from the Emperor Seamounts, and the Geochemical Evolution of Hawaiian Magmatism from 85 to 42 Ma. Journal of Petrology. 2003-01-01, 44 (1): 113–140. ISSN 1460-2415. doi:10.1093/petrology/44.1.113 .  參考書目 Volcano World: The Hawaiian - Emperor Volcanic Chain. [2007-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2007-04-01）.  Scholl, David W.; Creager, Joe S.; Boyce, Robert E.; Echols, Ronald J.; Fullam, Timothy J.; Grow, John A.; Koizumi, Itaru; Lee, Homa J.; Ling, Hsin Yi; Supko, Peter R.; Worsley, Thomas R. Site 192: Meiji Seamount (PDF). Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports. 1973, 19: 463–533 [2018-05-19]. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.19.111.1973. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-06-02）.  Dalrymple, G. Brent; Lanphere, Marvin A.; Natland, James H. K-Ar Minimum Age for Meiji Guyot, Emperor Seamount Chain (PDF). Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports. 1980, 55: 677–683 [2018-05-19]. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.129.1980. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-06-02）.  Scholl, D. W.; Rea, D. K. Estimating the Age of the Hawaiian Hotspot. American Geophysical Union. 2002, 61: 05. Bibcode:2002AGUFM.T61C..05S.  Regelous, M.; Hofmann, A. W.; Abouchami, W.; Galer, S. J. G. Geochemistry of Lavas from the Emperor Seamounts, and the Geochemical Evolution of Hawaiian Magmatism from 85 to 42 Ma. Journal of Petrology (Max-Planck Institute for Chemie, Abteilung Geochemie, Post 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany: Oxford University Press). 2003, 44 (1): 113–140 [2018-05-19]. doi:10.1093/petrology/44.1.113. （原始内容存档于2006-02-17）.  Norton, Ian O. Speculations on tectonic origin of the Hawaii hotspot. Mantleplumes.org. 2006 [2014-08-08]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-05）.  Shapiro, M. N.; Soloviev, A. V.; Ledneva, G. V. Did Emperor seamounts subduct?. Mantleplumes.org. 2006 [2014-08-08]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-23）.