乳桿菌屬

乳桿菌屬（學名：Lactobacillus）或乳酸桿菌屬、乳酸菌屬，简称乳杆菌、乳酸桿菌、乳酸菌，是乳杆菌目乳杆菌科的一属，为不形成芽孢、兼性厌氧的革兰氏阳性杆菌。因在酸奶形成的发酵过程中发现而得名。 乳桿菌可发酵碳水化合物，如分解乳糖，并产生大量乳酸与能量。由于乳杆菌在代谢过程中可以产生有机酸、细菌素、过氧化氢、双乙酞等多种天然抑菌物质，因此是人類口腔、肠道和阴道的益生菌。乳桿菌具有维持体内菌群平衡，降低胆固醇水平，提高机体免疫力，促进营养物质吸收等多种功能。 在人体肠道微生物群中，乳杆菌是重要菌群之一，它与肠道微生态系统的调节和代谢、免疫的调控密切相关。在人体阴道微生物群中，以产过氧化氢的乳杆菌为优势菌，在维持阴道微生态平衡方面发挥重要作用。 乳桿菌可用於製造液态酸奶、固态奶酪、德國酸菜、啤酒、葡萄酒、泡菜、醃漬食品和其他發酵食品。益生菌能夠幫助消化，有助人體腸臟的健康，因此酸奶被視為健康食品。 本属包括以下物种： 耐酸乳杆菌 Lactobacillus acetotolerans Entani et al., 1986 Lactobacillus acidifarinae Vancanneyt et al., 2005 Lactobacillus acidipiscis Tanasupawat et al., 2000 嗜酸乳桿菌 Lactobacillus acidophilus (Moro, 1900) Hansen & Mocquot, 1970，嗜酸杆菌 嗜酸产气乳杆菌 Lactobacillus acidophil-aerogenes ，嗜酸产气杆菌，嗜酸产气乳杆菌 嗜酸病原乳杆菌 Lactobacillus acidophilus-pathogenes 敏捷乳杆菌 Lactobacillus agilis Weiss et al., 1982 嗜醇乳杆菌 Lactobacillus alcoholphilus Lactobacillus algidus Kato et al., 2000 Lactobacillus alimentarius Lactobacillus amylolyticus Bohak et al., 1999 Lactobacillus amylophilus Nakamura & Crowell, 1981 Lactobacillus amylovorus Nakamura, 1981 Lactobacillus animalis Dent & Williams, 1983 Lactobacillus antri Roos et al., 2005 Lactobacillus apinorum Olofsson et al., 2014 Lactobacillus apis Killer et al., 2014 Lactobacillus apodemi Osawa et al., 2006 Lactobacillus aquaticus Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009 Lactobacillus agrestimuris Afrizal et al. 2023 禽乳杆菌 Lactobacillus aviarius Fujisawa et al., 1985，鸟乳杆菌 Lactobacillus backii Tohno et al., 2013 Lactobacillus bifermentans (ex Pette and van Beynum 1943) Kandler et al. 1983 Lactobacillus bombi Killer et al., 2014 Lactobacillus bombicola Praet et al., 2015 Lactobacillus brantae Volokhov et al., 2012 短乳桿菌 Lactobacillus brevis (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1934 Lactobacillus buchneri (Henneberg, 1903) Bergey et al., 1923 Lactobacillus cacaonum De Bruyne et al., 2009 Lactobacillus camelliae Tanasupawat et al., 2007 Lactobacillus capillatus Chao et al., 2008 乾酪乳桿菌 Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen, 1916) Hansen & Lessel, 1971 Lactobacillus caviae Killer et al., 2017 Lactobacillus cerevisiae Koob et al., 2017 Lactobacillus ceti Monteros, Goyache, Herraez, Tames, Cruz, Dominguez & Fernandez-Garayzabal, 2008 Lactobacillus ceti Vela et al., 2008 Lactobacillus coleohominis Nikolaitchouk et al., 2001 Lactobacillus colini Zhang et al., 2017 Lactobacillus collinoides Carr & Davies, 1972 Lactobacillus composti Endo & Okada, 2007 Lactobacillus concavus Tong & Dong, 2005 Lactobacillus corticis Tohno et al. 2021 Lactobacillus coryniformis Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965 Lactobacillus crispatus (Brygoo & Aladame, 1953) Moore & Holdeman, 1970 Lactobacillus crustorum Scheirlinck et al., 2007 Lactobacillus curieae Lei et al., 2013 Lactobacillus curvatus (Troili-Petersson, 1903) Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965 德氏乳桿菌 Lactobacillus delbrueckii (Leichmann 1896) Beijerinck 1901 德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus，保加利亚乳杆菌 德氏乳杆菌指名亚种 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis 糊精乳杆菌 Lactobacillus dextrinicus (Coster & White, 1964) Haakensen et al., 2009 Lactobacillus diolivorans Krooneman et al., 2002 Lactobacillus equi Morotomi et al., 2002 Lactobacillus equicursoris Morita et al., 2010 Lactobacillus equigenerosi Endo et al., 2008 Lactobacillus fabifermentans De Bruyne et al., 2009 Lactobacillus faecis Endo et al., 2013 Lactobacillus farciminis (ex Reuter 1970) Reuter 1983，为Companilactobacillus farciminis (Reuter 1983 ex Reuter 1970) Zheng et al. 2020的异名 Lactobacillus farraginis Endo & Okada, 2007 发酵乳杆菌 Lactobacillus fermentum Beijerinck, 1901 Lactobacillus floricola Kawasaki et al., 2011 Lactobacillus florum Endo et al., 2010 Lactobacillus formosensis Chang et al., 2015 Lactobacillus fornicalis Dicks et al., 2000 Lactobacillus fructivorans Charlton et al., 1934 Lactobacillus frumenti Müller et al., 2000 Lactobacillus fuchuensis Sakala et al., 2002 Lactobacillus furfuricola Irisawa et al., 2014 Lactobacillus futsaii Chao et al., 2012 Lactobacillus gallinarum Fujisawa et al., 1992 加氏乳杆菌 Lactobacillus gasseri Lauer & Kandler, 1980 Lactobacillus gastricus Roos et al., 2005 加纳乳杆菌 Lactobacillus ghanensis Nielsen et al., 2007 Lactobacillus gigeriorum Cousin et al., 2012 Lactobacillus gorillae Tsuchida et al., 2014 Lactobacillus graminis Beck et al., 1989 Lactobacillus hammesii Valcheva et al., 2005 Lactobacillus hamsteri Mitsuoka & Fujisawa, 1988 哈尔滨乳杆菌 Lactobacillus harbinensis Miyamoto et al., 2006 Lactobacillus hayakitensis Morita et al., 2007 黑龙江乳杆菌 Lactobacillus heilongjiangensis Gu et al., 2013 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis Olofsson et al., 2014 Lactobacillus helveticus (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1925 Lactobacillus herbarum Mao et al., 2015 Lactobacillus hilgardii Douglas & Cruess, 1936 Lactobacillus hokkaidonensis Tohno et al., 2013 Lactobacillus hominis Cousin et al., 2013 Lactobacillus hordei Rouse et al., 2008 惰性乳杆菌 Lactobacillus iners Falsen et al., 1999 Lactobacillus ingluviei Baele et al., 2003 Lactobacillus insicii Ehrmann et al., 2016 Lactobacillus intestinalis (ex Hemme 1974) Fujisawa et al. 1990 Lactobacillus isalae Eilers et al. 2023 Lactobacillus iwatensis Tohno et al., 2013 Lactobacillus ixorae Techo et al., 2016 Lactobacillus jensenii Gasser et al., 1970 约翰逊乳杆菌 Lactobacillus johnsonii Fujisawa et al., 1992 Lactobacillus kalixensis Roos et al., 2005 Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens Fujisawa et al., 1988 Lactobacillus kefiri Kandler & Kunath, 1983 Lactobacillus kimbladii Lactobacillus kimchicus Liang et al., 2011 Lactobacillus kimchiensis Kim et al., 2013 Lactobacillus kisonensis Watanabe et al., 2009 Lactobacillus kitasatonis Mukai et al., 2003 朝鲜乳杆菌 Lactobacillus koreensis Bui et al., 2011 Lactobacillus kullabergensis Olofsson et al., 2014 Lactobacillus kunkeei Edwards et al., 1998 Lactobacillus lindneri Lactobacillus malefermentans Lactobacillus mali Carr & Davies, 1970 Lactobacillus manihotivorans Morlon-Guyot et al., 1998 Lactobacillus mellifer Olofsson et al., 2014 Lactobacillus mellis Olofsson et al., 2014 Lactobacillus melliventris Olofsson et al., 2014 Lactobacillus mindensis Ehrmann et al., 2003 Lactobacillus mixtipabuli Tohno et al., 2015 Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans Miyashita et al., 2015 Lactobacillus mucosae Roos et al., 2000 牡丹江乳杆菌 Lactobacillus mudanjiangensis Gu et al., 2013 Lactobacillus mulieris Rocha et al. 2020 Lactobacillus murinus Hemme et al., 1982 Lactobacillus nagelii Edwards et al., 2000 Lactobacillus namurensis Scheirlinck et al., 2007 Lactobacillus nantensis Valcheva et al., 2006 Lactobacillus nasalidis Suzuki-Hashido et al. 2021 Lactobacillus nasuensis Cai et al., 2012 嫩江乳桿菌 Lactobacillus nenjiangensis Gu et al., 2013 Lactobacillus nodensis Kashiwagi et al., 2009 Lactobacillus odoratitofui Chao et al., 2010 Lactobacillus oeni Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009 Lactobacillus oligofermentans Koort et al., 2005 Lactobacillus oris Farrow & Collins, 1988 Lactobacillus oryzae Tohno et al., 2013 Lactobacillus otakiensis Watanabe et al., 2009 Lactobacillus ozensis Kawasaki et al., 2011 Lactobacillus panis Wiese et al., 1996 Lactobacillus panisapium Wang et al. 2018 Lactobacillus pantheris Liu & Dong, 2002 Lactobacillus parabrevis Vancanneyt et al., 2006 Lactobacillus parabuchneri Farrow et al., 1989 副乾酪乳桿菌 Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al., 1989 Lactobacillus paracollinoides Suzuki et al., 2004 Lactobacillus parafarraginis Endo & Okada, 2007 Lactobacillus paragasseri Tanizawa et al. 2018 Lactobacillus parakefiri Takizawa et al., 1994 Lactobacillus paralimentarius Cai et al., 1999 Lactobacillus paraplantarum Curk et al., 1996 Lactobacillus pasteurii Cousin et al., 2013 Lactobacillus paucivorans Ehrmann et al., 2010 Lactobacillus pentosiphilus Tohno et al., 2017 Lactobacillus pentosus Lactobacillus perolens Back et al., 2000 Lactobacillus plajomi Miyashita et al., 2015 植物乳杆菌 Lactobacillus plantarum (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1923 Lactobacillus pobuzihii Chen et al., 2010 Lactobacillus pontis Vogel et al., 1994 Lactobacillus porci Lactobacillus porcinae Nguyen et al., 2013 Lactobacillus psittaci Lawson et al., 2001 Lactobacillus rapi Watanabe et al., 2009 Lactobacillus rennini Chenoll et al., 2006 Lactobacillus reuteri Kandler et al., 1982 鼠李糖乳桿菌 Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Hansen, 1968) Collins et al., 1989 Lactobacillus rodentium Killer et al., 2014 Lactobacillus rogosae Holdeman & Moore, 1974 Lactobacillus rossiae Corsetti et al., 2005 Lactobacillus ruminis Sharpe et al., 1973 Lactobacillus saerimneri Pedersen & Roos, 2004 Lactobacillus sakei Katagiri et al., 1934 唾液乳桿菌 Lactobacillus salivarius Rogosa et al., 1953 旧金山乳桿菌 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (ex Kline and Sugihara 1971) Weiss and Schillinger 1984 Lactobacillus saniviri Oki et al., 2012 Lactobacillus satsumensis Endo & Okada, 2005 Lactobacillus secaliphilus Ehrmann et al., 2007 Lactobacillus selangorensis (Leisner et al., 2000) Haakensen et al., 2011 Lactobacillus senioris Oki et al., 2012 Lactobacillus senmaizukei Hiraga et al., 2008 Lactobacillus sharpeae Weiss et al., 1982 深圳乳桿菌 Lactobacillus shenzhenensis Zou et al., 2013 Lactobacillus sicerae Puertas et al., 2014 Lactobacillus silagei Tohno et al., 2013 Lactobacillus silagincola Tohno et al., 2017 Lactobacillus siliginis Aslam et al., 2006 相似乳桿菌 Lactobacillus similis Kitahara et al., 2010 松花江乳桿菌 Lactobacillus songhuajiangensis Gu et al., 2013 Lactobacillus spicheri Meroth et al., 2004 Lactobacillus suantsaicola Lin et al., 2020 Lactobacillus sucicola Irisawa & Okada, 2009 Lactobacillus suebicus Kleynmans et al., 1989 Lactobacillus sunkii Watanabe et al., 2009 台湾乳桿菌 Lactobacillus taiwanensis Wang et al., 2009 泰国乳桿菌 Lactobacillus thailandensis Tanasupawat et al., 2007 Lactobacillus tucceti Chenoll et al., 2009 Lactobacillus ultunensis Roos et al., 2005 Lactobacillus uvarum Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009 Lactobacillus vaccinostercus Kozaki & Okada, 1983 Lactobacillus vaginalis Embley et al., 1989 Lactobacillus versmoldensis Kröckel et al., 2003 Lactobacillus vespulae Hoang et al., 2015 Lactobacillus vini Rodas et al., 2006 Lactobacillus wasatchensis Oberg et al., 2016 襄樊乳杆菌 Lactobacillus xiangfangensis Gu et al., 2012 徐建国氏乳杆菌 Lactobacillus xujianguonis Lactobacillus yonginensis Yi et al., 2013 Lactobacillus zeae Lactobacillus zymae Vancanneyt et al., 2005 益生菌 酸奶 益力多 可爾必思 乳杆菌. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会.  （简体中文） 乳酸桿菌屬. 樂詞網. 國家教育研究院.  （繁體中文） 農業部林業及自然保育署. 臺灣物種名錄 https://taicol.tw/zh-hant/taxon/t0088229.  缺少或|title=为空 (帮助) 植物乳杆菌及其应用研究. 食品与生物技术学报.  王海霞, 邢会霞, 马晓红, 等. 人体肠道乳杆菌的最新研究进展[J]. 中国微生态学杂志, 2017, 29(8). 刘胡林, 徐兴然, 凌开建, 等. 阴道微生物组：种群特征与疾病干预治疗. 生物工程学报, 2021, 37(11): 3801-3811 Lactobacillus Beijerinck, 1901. 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Lactobacillus panisapium sp. nov., from honeybee Apis cerana bee bread. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:703-708. Tanizawa Y, Tada I, Kobayashi H, Endo A, Maeno S, Toyoda A, Arita M, Nakamura Y, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M, et al. Lactobacillus paragasseri sp. nov., a sister taxon of Lactobacillus gasseri, based on whole-genome sequence analyses. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3512-3517. Prakash, S. et al. “The Gut Microbiota and Human Health with an Emphasis on the Use of Microencapsulated Bacterial Cells”, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (2011),（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 維基物種上的相關信息：乳桿菌屬 List of species of the genus Lactobacillus Interna （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） tionally certified patented strains （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）