华盛顿州公民议案

美国华盛顿州1889年建州以来一直保留直接投票制度，公民与州议会都有权将新立法、州议会最新通过的法案交全州选民表决。华盛顿州普选包含提案、公民投票、宪法修正案立法公投三类投票：项目递交表决前，支持者必须取得一定数量的登记选民签名支持。1898至1912年，只有宪法修正案立法公投采用全民公决。1912年通过的修正案规定公民有权主导提案与公投，1914年该州首次通过公民发起的提案。 公民议案程序设立以来已获广泛认可，是华盛顿州选举制度的重要组成。截至2020年，该州根据该程序共提出两千多起提案，相比之下公投次数远远不及。只有少数提案取得足够选民签字启动投票。近年来，华盛顿州公民议案频繁用于把政治上有争议的政策合法化，如协助自杀、同性婚姻、使用大麻。部分活动人士采取有偿等激进手段争取签名，引发重大争议。 华盛顿领地1853年成立，1889年11月11日加入联邦，是美国第42个州。公民投票通过的《华盛顿州宪法》包含第一条公民议案准则。第23条第一款规定，宪法修正案需州议会三分之二多数通过，还需下一次普选时多数选民赞成。第一款还规定，修正案详细内容必须于选举日前在全州报纸公布。 1912年宪法修正案第二条第一款通过，授权公民以请愿书在每次选举新增议案。以上次选举投票人数为基准，议案必须取得至少八个百分点的选民签字支持才算有效。公民通过提案提出新法，还能靠公投变更议会通过的法律。威廉·西蒙·尤伦曾在俄勒冈州推行相同的“直接立法”制度。上述修正案通过后，提案与公投已是华盛顿州选举的重要组成。 民众发起的公民议案令华盛顿州在社会议题领域走在全美前列。1910年该州成为全美第五个保证妇女投票权的州。。2008年通过的一千号提案又称《尊严死法》，该州成为美国第二个合法化协助自杀的州。经过第二年的71号公投，华盛顿州又在全国率先承认同性恋家庭关系。2012年华盛顿州74号公投通过，华盛顿州成为第九个承认同性婚姻的州，也是第三个通过普选承认同性婚姻的州。同年502号提案通过，华盛顿州第一个把大麻娱乐化应用全面合法化。 1994年起，组织者靠付费收集签名在华盛顿州合法，州法律建议不要搞有偿投票但未发禁令。支持者以获大量公众支持的议案为证，声称此举能扩大宣传影响范围，促使更多人投票；前州务卿拉尔夫·蒙罗为代表的反对派认为有偿等于收买选票。部分选民签假名收钱后被捕，涉嫌伪造签名和选举欺诈。 蒂姆·艾曼1997年首度提出议案，在华盛顿州提出议案与公投最多。截至2021年，他的提案已有17项进入投票阶段，11项通过，但只有两项尚未经法院推翻或修改。 华盛顿州有两种提案。第一类组织方需以上届州长选举投票人数为基准，在半年内取得至少八个百分点选民签字才能启动公民议案投票，通过后直接成为法律。第二类提案组织者同样要以上届州长选举投票人数为基准取得一成选民签字，只不过时限放宽到十个月。接下来提案由华盛顿州议会审议，通过后就颁布为法律，不通过再由选民表决。如果议会通过的法案有改动，则与原版一起交选民表决。 华盛顿州有两类公投。一类是议会通过但准备撤回的法律，需以上届州长选举投票人数为蕨，取得至少六个百分点选民签字才能启动公投。另一类是州会提出并交付公投的法案。两类只要通过公投就成为法律。 宪法修正案立法公投是议会以三分之二多数通过的宪法修正案，需通过公投才能生效。 2013年“教育联盟选民诉华盛顿州案”推翻。 2000年“587号地方联合运输联盟诉华盛顿州案”推翻。 州最高法院2007年推翻。 2003年金县高等法院法官一度推翻，但同年州最高法院恢复。 2013年由“教育联盟选民诉华盛顿州案”推翻。 2016年“赫夫诉怀曼案”推翻 2020年“加菲尔德运输公司等诉华盛顿州等案”推翻 How to Sponsor an Initiative. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-03）.  Wilma, David; Oldham, Kit. With women voting, Washington voters favor Progressive Theodore Roosevelt for president, approve initiative, referendum, and recall powers, and elect first women to statewide office and to legislature on November 5, 1912.. HistoryLink. 2003-10-30 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-27）.  Yearly Summary of Initiatives to the People. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-20）.  Yearly Summary of Initiatives to the Legislature. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-20）.  Yearly Summary of Referendum Bills. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-20）.  Yearly Summary of Referendum Measures. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-20）.  Tu, Janet. "Death with dignity" act passes. The Seattle Times. 2008-11-05 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）.  Turnbull, Lornet. Same-sex-marriage opponents concede in Washington. The Seattle Times. 2012-11-08 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-03）.  Myers, Laura. Marijuana goes legal in Washington state amid mixed messages. Reuters. 2012-12-06 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-01）.  Olson, Hannah. What Everyone Needs to Know About Paid Signature Gatherers. South Seattle Emerald. 2018-06-14 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-16）.  Santos, Melissa. Who is Tim Eyman and why do so many people hate him? | Crosscut. Crosscut. 2019-11-25 [2022-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）.  Lange, Greg. Washington is admitted as the 42nd state to the United States of America on November 11, 1889.. HistoryLink. 2003-02-15 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-07）.  Constitution of the State of Washington (PDF). Olympia: Legislative Information Center. 2019: 112–131 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-03）.  Scott, Anne Firor; Scott, Andrew MacKay. One Half the People: The Fight for Woman Suffrage. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 1982: 166 [2022-04-11]. ISBN 0-252-01005-1. （原始内容存档于2017-01-15）.  Belthen, Ryan. Referendum 71 shows Washington's strategy for marriage equality is working. The Seattle Times. 2009-11-06 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-03）.  Paid petition signature gathering in Washington: What’s legal and why. Washington Secretary of State Blog. 2018-06-08 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-16）.  Gillespie, Elizabeth. Paid signature gatherers defend work Law on paid gathering has fluctuated | The Spokesman-Review. The Spokesman-Review. 2004-07-05 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-16）.  Three paid signature gatherers in Washington committed fraud, election officials allege. The Oregonian. 2013-02-14 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-16）.  Camden, Jim. Forgery case fuels debate on signature-gatherer rules. The Spokesman-Review. 2010-02-28 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-16）.  Johnson, Gene. Tim Eyman fined $2.6 million, barred from campaign control. Oregon Public Broadcasting. 2021-02-10 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-03）.  Frost, Mariya. The Supreme Court's striking down I-976 represents a failure at every level of government. Washington Policy Center. 2020-10-28 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-27）.  Initiative and Referenda Handbook – 2021 (PDF). Office of the Secretary of State. 2021 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-03）.  Election Search Results–November 1898 General. Office of The Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）.  Elections Search Results – November 1900 General. Office of the Secretary. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-03）.  Elections Search Results–November 1904 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-04）.  Elections Search Results–November 1906 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-04）.  Elections Search Results–November 1908 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-01）.  Elections Search Results–November 1910 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-16）.  Elections Search Results–1912 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-30）.  A Pamphlet Containing a Copy of All Measures "Proposed By Initiative Petition," "Proposed to the People by the Legislature," and "Amendment to the Constitution Proposed by the Legislature," to Be Submitted to the Legal Voters of the State of Washington for Their Approval or Rejection at the General Election to be Held on Tuesday, Nov. 3, 1914 (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1914 [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1914 General. Office of the Secretary of the State. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-03）.  A pamphlet containing a copy of all measures "proposed by initiative petitions," "measures passed by the Legislature and referred, by petition, to the people," "Proposed to the Legislature and Referred to the People," and "Amendment to the Constitution proposed by the Legislature." (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1916 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1916 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-21）.  A pamphlet containing a copy of all measures "proposed by initiative petitions," "measures passed by the Legislature and referred, by petition, to the people," "Proposed to the Legislature and Referred to the People," and "Amendment to the Constitution proposed by the Legislature." (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1918 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1918 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-02）.  A Pamphlet Containing a Copy of All Measures "Proposed By Initiative Petition," "Proposed to the People by the Legislature," and "Amendment to the Constitution Proposed by the Legislature," (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1920 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1920 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-03）.  A Pamphlet Containing a Copy of All Measures "Proposed By Initiative Petition," "Proposed to the People by the Legislature," and "Amendment to the Constitution Proposed by the Legislature," (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1922 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-17）.  A Pamphlet Containing a Copy of All Measures "Proposed By Initiative Petition," "Proposed to the People by the Legislature," and "Amendment to the Constitution Proposed by the Legislature," (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1924 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1924 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-20）.  A Pamphlet Containing Amendments to the Constitution proposed by the Legislature (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1926 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1926 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-03）.  A Pamphlet Containing Amendment to the Constitution proposed by the Legislature (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1928 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1928 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-02）.  A Pamphlet Containing Copy of a Measure "Proposed by Initiative Petition" and a Measure "Proposed to the Legislature and Referred to the People," and Amendments to the Constitution Proposed by the Legislature (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1930 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1930 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-03）.  A Pamphlet Containing Copies of all Measures "Proposed by Initiative Petition," together with "Amendments to the Constitution Proposed by the Legislature." (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1932 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1932 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-15）.  A Pamphlet Containing Constitutional Amendments, Referendum Measure No. 18, Initiative Measure No. 77, Initiative Measure No. 94 (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1934 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1934 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-20）.  A Pamphlet Containing Constitutional Amendments, Referendum Bill No. 4, Initiative to Legislature No. 5, Initiative Measure No. 101, Initiative Measure No. 114, Initiative Measure No. 115, Initiative Measure No. 119 (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1936 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1936 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-20）.  A Pamphlet Containing Constitutional Amendment, Initiative Measure No. 126, Initiative Measure No. 129, Initiative Measure No. 130 (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1938 [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1938 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-21）.  A Pamphlet Containing Constitutional Amendments, Initiative Measure No. 139, Initiative Measure No. 141, Referendum Bill No. 5 (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1940 [2022-04-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1940 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-30）.  A Pamphlet Containing Constitutional Amendment, Initiative Measure No. 151, Referendum Bill No. 6, Referendum Measure No. 22, Referendum Measure No. 23, Referendum Measure No. 24 (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1942 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1942 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-17）.  A Pamphlet Containing Constitutional Amendments, Initiative Measure No. 157, Initiative Measure No. 158, Referendum Measure No. 25 (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1944 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1944 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-03）.  A Pamphlet Containing Initiative Measure No. 166, Referendum Measure No. 26, Referendum Measure No. 27, Constitutional Amendment (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1946 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1946 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-17）.  A Pamphlet Containing Initiative Measure No. 169, Initiative Measure No. 171, Initiative Measure No. 172, Initiative to the Legislature No. 13, Constitutional Amendments (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1948 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1948 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-30）.  A Pamphlet Containing Initiative Measure No. 176, Initiative Measure No. 178, Referendum Bill No. 7, Referendum Bill No. 8, Referendum Bill No. 9, Referendum Measure No. 28, Constitutional Amendments. (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1950 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1950 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-17）.  A Pamphlet Containing Initiative Measure No. 180, Initiative Measure No. 181, Initiative Measure No. 184, Constitutional Amendments: House Joint Resolution No. 6, Sub. House Joint Resolution No. 7, House Joint Resolution No. 8, Sub. House Joint Resolution No. 13 (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1952 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1952 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-20）.  Official Voters Pamphlet Containing Full Text of all State Measures to be Voted Upon at the State General Election (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1954 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1954 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-22）.  Official Voters Pamphlet Containing Full Text of all State Measures to be Voted Upon at the State General Election (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1956 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1956 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-21）.  Meyers, Victor. Your Official State of Washington Voter's Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1958 [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1958 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-03）.  Meyers, Victor. Your Official State of Washington Voter's Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1960 [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results- November 1960 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-17）.  Meyers, Victor. Your Official 1962 Edition Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1962 [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Election Search Results–November 1962 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）.  Meyers, Victor. Your Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1964 [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1964 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-27）.  Kramer, A. Ludlow. Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1966 [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1966 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-27）.  Kramer, A. Ludlow. Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1968 [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1968 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-27）.  Kramer, A. Ludlow. Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1970 [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-19）.  Elections Search Results–November 1970 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-27）.  Kramer, A. Ludlow. Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1972 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1972 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-11）.  Kramer, A. Ludlow. Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1973 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1973 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-27）.  Kramer, A. Ludlow. Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1974 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1974 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-27）.  Chapman, Bruce. Official Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1975 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1975 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Elections Search Results–November 1976 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Chapman, Bruce. Official Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1976 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Chapman, Bruce. 1977 Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1977 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1977 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Chapman, Bruce. 1978 Voters and Candidates Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1978 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1978 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Chapman, Bruce. 1979 Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1979 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1979 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Chapman, Bruce. 1980 Voters and Candidates Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1980 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1980 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1981 [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1981 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1982 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1982 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-03）.  Munro, Ralph. Official Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1983 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-02-25）.  Elections Search Results–November 1983 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. 1984 Voters and Candidates Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1984 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1984 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. 1985 Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1985 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1985 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. 1986 Voters and Candidates Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1986 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1986 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. 1987 Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1987 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1987 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. 1988 Voters and Candidates Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1988 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-21）.  Elections Search Results–November 1988 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. 1989 Voters Pamphlet and Local Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State, King County Division of Records & Elections, City of Seattle Office of Election Administration. 1989 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-28）.  Elections Search Results–November 1989 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）.  Munro, Ralph. Washing State Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1990 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1990 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1991 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1990 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. 1992 Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1992 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1992 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. State of Washington Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1993 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1993 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-19）.  176 Wn.2d 808, League of Educ. Voters v. State. Municipal Research and Services Center. 2013-02-28 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-03）.  Munro, Ralph. Washington State Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1994 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1994 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. Washington State Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1995 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1995 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. Washington State Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1996 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1996 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Elections Search Results–June 1997 Special. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. State of Washington Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1997 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1997 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Munro, Ralph. State of Washington Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1998 [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1998 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-03）.  State of Washington Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 1999 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 1999 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Jenkins, Austin. Is the eighth time the charm? Tim Eyman's back with another proposed $30 car tabs initiative. KUOW. 2018-11-14 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-03）.  Munro, Ralph. State of Washington Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2000 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-19）.  Elections Search Results–November 2000 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2001 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 2001 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Gilmore, Susan. Eyman initiative ruled unconstitutional. Seattle Times. Seattle Times. 2007-11-08 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-16）.  State of Washington Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2002 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 2002 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  State Supreme Court Upholds I-776, Clarifies Single-Subject Question. Washington State Office of the Attorney General. 2003-10-30 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-16）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2003 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 2003 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-03）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2004 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-28）.  2004 General Election > Measures. Office of the Secretary of State. [2012-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-22）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2005 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  2005 General Election > Measures. Office of the Secretary of State. [2011-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2011-03-19）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2006 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Elections Search Results–November 2006 General. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2007 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 06, 2007 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-14）.  176 Wn.2d 808, League of Educ. Voters v. State. Municipal Research and Services Center. 2013-02-28. （原始内容存档于2021-12-03）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2008 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 04, 2008 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2008-11-26 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2009 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 03, 2009 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2009-11-24 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2010 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 02, 2010 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2010-11-29 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2011 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-22）.  November 08, 2011 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2011-12-06 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Reed, Sam. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2012 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 06, 2012 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2012-11-27 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-02）.  Wyman, Kim. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2013 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  Measures–All Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2013-11-26 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Wyman, Kim. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2014 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 4, 2014 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2014-11-25 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Wyman, Kim. State of Washington Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2015 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 3, 2015 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2015-11-30 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Washington Supreme Court strikes down 2015 Eyman initiative | The Spokesman-Review. www.spokesman.com. [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-25）.  Wyman, Kim. 2016 General Election Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2016 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 8, 2016 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2016-11-30 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Wyman, Kim. 2018 General Election Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2018 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 6, 2018 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2018-11-27 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Wyman, Kim. 2019 General Election Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2019 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-08）.  November 5, 2019 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2019-11-26 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  Washington Supreme Court strikes down I-976, which cut car-tab taxes. The Seattle Times. 2020-10-15 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-11）.  Wyman, Kim. 2020 General Election Voters' Pamphlet (PDF). Olympia: Office of the Secretary of State. 2020 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-02-13）.  November 3, 2020 General Election Results. Office of the Secretary of State. 2021-02-03 [2022-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-28）.  华盛顿州务卿：过往提案与公投 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）