蚤蝇

蚤蠅 （Phorid fly）又名為駝背蠅，屬於雙翅目蚤蠅科（学名：Phoridae），估计有超过4000个物种，分成4个亚科230个属。臺灣在過去的紀錄有17個屬69種，其中異蚤蠅屬(Megaselia)為大宗，約有40種，最常見的是別名棺材蠅的蛆症异蚤蝇（Megaselia scalaris）。另一物種Euryplatea nanaknihali體長僅0.4公釐，是世界最小的蒼蠅。 本科包括以下属： Abaristophora Schmitz, 1927 Acanthophorides Borgmeier, 1924 Achaetophora Disney, 1996 Acontistoptera Brues, 1902 Adelopteromyia Schmitz, 1923 Adenophora Borgmeier, 1960 Aemulophora Borgmeier, 1938 Aenictacantha Disney, 1991 Aenictomyia Brues, 1930 Aenigmaphora Disney, 1996 Aenigmatias Meinert, 1890 Aenigmatistes Shelford, 1908 Aenigmatopoeus Schmitz, 1914 Agaphora Mostovski, 1999 Alamira Schmitz, 1952 Allochaeta Borgmeier, 1924 Anaclinusa Borgmeier, 1969 Anevrina Lioy, 1864 Anticofimbria Schmitz, 1951 Antipodiphora Schmitz, 1939 Aphiochaeta Brues, 1903 Aphiura Schmitz, 1939 Apocephalus Coquillett, 1901 Apodicrania Borgmeier, 1933 Apopteromyia Beyer, 1958 Apterella Borgmeier, 1935 Apteronilla Borgmeier, 1959 Apteronina Borgmeier, 1958 Apterophora Brues, 1923 Aptinandria Schmidt, 1921 Arabiphora Disney, 2006 Archiphora Schmitz, 1929 Archisciada Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999 Aristocerina Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Aristopsis Borgmeier, 1959 Arrenaptenus Schmitz, 1958 Assmutherium Schmitz, 1924 Attamyia Greene, 1938 Aurisetiphora Brown, 2022 Auxanommatidia Borgmeier, 1924 Bactropalpus Borgmeier, 1963 Beckerina Malloch, 1910 Beyermyia Disney, 1991 Billotia Schmitz, 1944 Bolsiusia Schmitz, 1913 Borgmeieria Pires do Prado, 1976 Borgmeieriphora Pires do Prado, 1976 Borophaga Enderlein, 1924 Bothroprosopa Schmitz, 1939 Brachycephaloptera Borgmeier, 1924 Brachycosta Pires do Prado, 1976 Brachyphlebina Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Brachyselia Schmitz, 1927 Brevrostrophora Disney, 1997 Brownphora Disney, 2004 Burmophora Beyer, 1958 Byrsophrys Enderlein, 1912 Calamiscus Borgmeier, 1960 Caledophora Ament & Brown, 2017 Capraephora Bezzi, 1922 Cataclinusa Schmitz, 1927 Ceratoconus Borgmeier, 1928 Ceratophoromyia Beyer, 1959 Ceratoplatus Duméril, 1800 Ceratoplatus Schmitz, 1939 Ceratusa Borgmeier, 1967 Ceroplatus Schellenberg, 1803 Ceylonoxenia Schmitz, 1936 Chaetaspidia Borgmeier, 1961 Chaetocnemistoptera Borgmeier, 1923 Chaetogodavaria Liu, 1996 Chaetoneurophora Malloch, 1912 Chaetopleurophora Schmitz, 1922 Cheiloxenia Delachambre, 1966 Chelidophora Borgmeier, 1933 Chonocephalus Wandollek, 1898 Chouomyia Liu, 1995 Clinochaeta Borgmeier, 1922 Clitelloxenia Kemner, 1932 Colobomeles Borgmeier, 1927 Colyeria Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Commoptera Brues, 1901 Conicera Meigen, 1830 Coniceromyia Borgmeier, 1923 Conoprosopa Becker, 1909 Contopteryx Schmitz, 1929 Cootiphora Brown, 1993 Coridophora Schmitz, 1951 Corniphora Liu, 2023 Corniphora yanbianensis Liu, 2023 Corynusa Schmitz, 1931 Coryptilomyia Brues, 1910 Couturiera Disney, 1979 Crasilla Cremersia Schmitz, 1924 Crepidopachys Enderlein, 1912 Crinophleba Borgmeier, 1967 Cryptophora Borgmeier, 1935 Cryptopteromyia Trägårdh, 1909 Ctenopleuriphora Liu, 1996 Ctenostichus Enderlein, 1924 Cyphocephalus Borgmeier, 1967 Cyphometopis Borgmeier, 1924 Cyrtophorina Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Dacnophora Daenophora Borgmeier, 1961 Dahliphora Schmitz, 1923 Danumphora Disney, 2002 Darwiniphora Diaclinella Borgmeier, 1962 Dichocerina Borgmeier, 1971 Dicranodeina Schmitz, 1929 Dicranopteron Schmitz, 1931 Dinocercus Borgmeier, 1971 Diocophora Borgmeier, 1959 Diploneura Diplonevra Lioy, 1864 Diplostylocera Distichophora Schmitz, 1939 Dohrnigma Disney & Ellwood, 2001 Dohrniphora Dahl, 1898 Dorsochaeta Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Drepanophora Strobl, 1880 Dubiaphis Dundophora Schmitz, 1955 Echidnophora Schmitz, 1915 Ecitocantha Borgmeier, 1924 Ecitomyia Brues, 1901 Ecitophora Schmitz, 1916 Ecitoptera Borgmeier & Schmitz, 1923 Ecituncula Schmitz, 1923 Ectochaeta Borgmeier, 1958 Edaphomyia Borgmeier, 1959 Egregiophora Beyer, 1958 Eibesfeldtphora Disney, 1996 Electrophora Brues, 1939 Enderleinphora Disney, 2004 Endonepenthia Schmitz, 1932 Eosciadocera Hong, 1981 Epacteon Borgmeier, 1963 Epactoselia Disney, 1998 Epichonocephalus Schmitz, 1927 Epicnemis Borgmeier Epimegaselia Beyer, 1959 Eremophora Borgmeier, 1960 Erinacephora Euliphora Arillo & Mostovski, 1999 Eurycnemis Borgmeier, 1971 Euryophora Schmitz, 1941 Euryphora Euryplatea Schmitz, 1941 Eutermiphora Lea, 1911 Exochaeta Schmitz, 1931 Franssenia Schmitz, 1931 Fushuniclavicornia Hong, 2002 Fushunophoritis Hong, 2002 Gemmaphora Mostovski, 1999 Godavaria Brown, 1992 Gymnophora Macquart, 1835 Gymnoptera Lioy, 1864 Gymnoselia Schmitz, 1927 Haplophleba Schmitz, 1929 Haulepta Disney, 1997 Hemiplastophora Beyer, 1965 Hennigophora Brown, 2007 Henningophora Brown, 2007 Heterophora Borgmeier, 1922 Hexacantherophora Schmitz, 1916 Hieronymus Weyenbergh, 1886 Hippaphora Disney, 2015 Hirotophora Brown, Amorim & Kung Histriophora Borgmeier, 1960 Holopterina Borgmeier, 1928 Homalophora Borgmeier, 1922 Horologiphora Disney, 1997 Huaxiaphoritis Hong, 2002 Hylophora Borgmeier, 1960 Hyocerina Hypocera Lioy, 1864 Hypocerides Schmitz, 1915 Hypoceridites Brues, 1939 Hypogeophora Goto, 1986 Idiophora Borgmeier Idophora Borgmeier, 1960 Imparphora Zuha & Disney, 2018 Indoxenia Schmitz, 1936 Iranphora Namaki-Khameneh & Disney, 2021 Iridophora Disney, 1986 Javanoxenia Schmitz, 1933 Jealia Brown, 2010 Johowia Silva Figueroa, 1916 Kerophora Brown, 1988 Kierania Schmitz, 1939 Kuenburgia Schmitz, 1937 Labiduncula Borgmeier, 1936 Laciniomyia Kung & Brown, 2005 Laishania Kung & Brown, 2005 Laosphora Disney & Dupont, 2009 Latiborophaga Brown, 1992 Lecanocerus Borgmeier, 1962 Lenkoa Borgmeier, 1969 Lepidophoromyia Borgmeier, 1924 Lepta Schmitz, 1938 Leptilla Borgmeier, 1963 Leptophora Six, 1878 Limulomyia Brown, 1999 Linklloydia Disney, 1995 Lioyella Enderlein, 1924 Lobochaeta Borgmeier, 1960 Longirostrum Disney, 1979 Loxauchenia Schmitz & Mjöberg, 1925 Lucianaphora Disney, 2008 Macgrathphora Brown, 2022 Macrocerides Borgmeier, 1927 Macrocerophora Brown, 2011 Macroselia Schmitz, 1939 Maculiphora Disney, 1991 Mahabadphora Namaki-Khameneh & Disney, 2021 Maksika Mostovski, 1999 Mallochphora Disney, 2004 Mannheimsia Beyer, 1965 Megapropodiphora Brown, 2018 异蚤蝇属 Megaselia Rondani, 1856 Melaloncha Brues, 1904 Melittophora Brues, 1928 Menozziola Schmitz, 1927 Mesopathusa Schmitz, 1951 Metaplastophora Beyer, 1965 Metopina Macquart, 1835 Metopotropis Enderlein, 1912 Miclepta Disney, 2006 Microplatyphora Schmitz, 1915 Microselia Schmitz, 1934 Minicosta Brown & Oliver, 2008 Misotermes Mollicauda Beyer, 1965 Morahania Schmitz, 1958 Multinevra Disney, 1979 Myopiomyia Disney, 1987 Myriophora Brown, 1992 Myriophora alexandrae Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora alienipennis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora anacleti (Borgmeier) Borgmeier Myriophora angustifacies Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora angustifascia Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora annetteae Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora annulata Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora bicuspidis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora bilsae Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora bimaculata Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora borealis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora breviatrsus Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora brevitarsus Myriophora browni Hash & Brown Myriophora brunneipleuron Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora communis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora curvata Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora curvicacumen Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora dennisoni Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora discalis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora diversa Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora dividida Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora dolionatis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora flavicosta Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora fuscidorsum Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora gigantea Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora gobaleti Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora harwoodi Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora hebes Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora heratyi Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora inaequalisetarum Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora infirmata Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora jeffersoni Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora juli (Brues, 1908) Myriophora kerri Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora kungae Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora longisetarum Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora lucigaster (Borgmeier, 1961) Myriophora luteitergum Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora luteizona (Borgmeier, 1925) Myriophora magnilabellum Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora misionesensis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora nigra Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora nigralinea Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora obscuritergum Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora opilionidis (Borgmeier, 1931) Myriophora pabloi (Brown, 1994) Myriophora pallida Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora parva Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora pectinata Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora perpendicularis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora plana Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora porrasae Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora porrecta Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora reminatis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora scopulata Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora simplex Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora sinesplendida Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora smithi Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora spicaphora Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora spicaticonus Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora tenuis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora uruguaiensis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora vancouverensis Hash & Brown, 2015 Myriophora wellsorum Hash & Brown, 2015 Myrmomyia Silvestri, 1911 Myrmosicarius Borgmeier, 1928 Myromomyia Necperissa Disney, 1993 Neodohrniphora Malloch, 1914 Neophora Borgmeier, 1958 Neopleurophora Brown, 1992 Neopuliciphora Schmitz & Mjöberg, 1924 Nossibea Schmitz, 1927 Obelosia Lioy, 1864 Obscurcaudaphora Disney, 2015 Obscuriphora Disney, 1986 Odontoxenia Schmitz, 1915 Oligophora Silvestri, 1947 Oniscomyia Enderlein, 1909 Pachyneurella Brues, 1903 Pallura Walker, 1859 Palpiclavina Silvestri, 1947 Palpocrates Schmitz, 1939 Parametopina Borgmeier, 1924 Paraphiochaeta Malloch, 1914 Paraphiura Beyer, 1966 Parapuliciphora Abreu, 1921 Pararhoptrocera Prokop & Nel, 2005 Paraspiniphora Malloch, 1912 Parastenophora Malloch, 1910 Parasyneura Malloch, 1912 Paratermitoxenia Beyer, 1965 Paurophora Silvestri, 1947 Pelidnophora Borgmeier, 1922 Penthaplus Schmitz, 1958 Pericyclocera Schmitz, 1927 Pericyclocerina Borgmeier, 1971 Perissa Perittophora Disney, 1990 Peromitra Enderlein, 1924 Phalacrotophora Enderlein, 1912 Pheidolomyia Schmitz, 1915 Phlebothrix Borgmeier, 1969 蚤蝇属 Phora Latreille, 1796 Phorhynchus Brunetti, 1912 Phoricesa Koçak & Kemal, 2010 Phymatopterella Brues, 1933 Physoptera Borgmeier, 1958 Pilosaphiura Disney, 2003 Placophora Borgmeier, 1936 Placophorina Borgmeier, 1958 Plastophora Brues, 1905 Plastophorides Beyer, 1959 Platydipteron Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Platyphora Verrall, 1877 Platyphorella Strand, 1917 Plectanocnema Schmitz, 1926 Plethysmochaeta Schmitz, 1924 Pleurophorina Borgmeier, 1969 Poloniphora Disney & Durska, 1989 Postoptica Disney, 1987 Pradea Borgmeier, 1927 Prioriphora McAlpine & Martin, 1966 Procliniella Borgmeier, 1925 Pronomiophora Enderlein, 1912 Pronomiorpha Pronudiphora Disney, 1997 Prophora Grimaldi, 2018 Protophorites Brues, 1939 Protoplatyphora Brues, 1939 Psalidesma Becker, 1912 Pseudacteon Coquillett, 1907 Pseudacteon Loew, 1857 Pseudaenigmatias Brown, 2016 Pseudohypocera Malloch, 1912 Pseudometopina Disney, 1994 Pseudomyriophora Pseudoplastophora Schmitz, 1915 Pseudostenophora Malloch, 1912 Pseudotermitoxenia Shiraki, 1925 Psyllomyia Loew, 1857 Ptochomyia Silvestri, 1920 Pulicimyia Borgmeier, 1960 Puliciphora Dahl, 1897 Quasipseudacteon Beyer, 1959 Razorfemora Disney, 1990 Rhabdomyia Borgmeier, 1936 Rhopica Schmitz, 1927 Rhoptrocera Hong, 1981 Rhynchomicropteron Annandale, 1912 Rhyncophoromyia Malloch, 1923 Ridiculiphora Disney, 1997 Ritchiephora Disney & Ritchie, 1997 Sacculiphora Liu, 2021 Saetulaptera Naumov, 2013 Schmitzia Borgmeier, 1922 Sciadocera White, 1916 Sciadophora McAlpine & Martin, 1966 Selenophora Maruyama & Disney, 2011 Septemineophora Disney, 1997 Siluphora Disney, 1997 Sinogodavaria Guang-Chun Liu, 2020 Sorowoodiphora Disney, 2009 Sphinctomyia Borgameier, 1954 Spiniphora Malloch, 1909 Stenodicrania Stenoneurellys Borgmeier, 1924 Stenophorina Borgmeier, 1963 Stethopathus Wandolleck, 1898 Stethopathusa Schmitz, 1921 Stichillus Enderlein, 1924 Styletta Borgmeier, 1960 Stylusa Bormeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Synaptophora Brown, 1992 Synclinusa Borgmeier, 1971 Syneura Brues, 1903 Syneurina Borgmeier, 1963 Syntermitoxenia Schmitz, 1936 Syntermophora Seevers, 1941 Tabelliphora Kung & Brown, 2005 Tapantia Brown & Kung, 2004 Tarsocrates Schmitz, 1939 Tarsophoromyia Beyer, 1965 Tayrona Brown & Kung, 2004 Tendcornphora Disney, 2015 Teratophora Yang & Wang, 1995 Termitomyia Wasmann, 1901 Termitophilomyia Schmitz, 1936 Termitophora Schmitz, 1913 Termitophorides Borgmeier, 1922 Termitophorina Termitosagma Reichensperger, 1931 Termitoscrofa Schmitz, 1936 Termitosphaera Wasmann, 1913 Termitostroma Reichensperger, 1931 Termitoxenia Wasmann, 1900 Thalloptera Borgmeier & Schmitz, 1922 Thaumatoxena Breddin & Börner, 1904 Tranopeltoxenos Brues, 1923 Travassophora Borgmeier, 1938 Trichocerina Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Trineura Meigen, 1803 Trineurocephala Schmitz, 1923 Triphleba Rondani, 1856 Trispiniphora Disney & Michailovskaya, 2000 Trophithauma Schmitz, 1925 Trophodeinus Borgmeier, 1960 Tropophleba Schmitz, 1929 Trucidophora Brown, 1991 Trupheoneura Malloch, 1909 Tubicera Schmitz, 1920 Tubiceroides Borgmeier, 1935 Tubicerphora Coomer, 1999 Typhlophorina Silvestri, 1947 Udamochiras Brown, 2004 Udamochiras Enderlein, 1912 Ulrichophora Brown, 2007 Varya Mostovski, 1999 Veranophora Disney, 2003 Veruanus Schmitz, 1927 Vestigipoda Disney, 1996 Volvectiphora Disney, 1997 Vuvanlienia Wandolleckia Cook, 1897 Wharia Brown & Oliver, 2008 Woodiphora Schmitz, 1926 Woodiphorides Xanionotum Brues, 1902 Xenophoromyia Disney, 2007 Xenotriphleba Buck, 1997 Zikania Borgmeier, 1925 Zygtaxphora Disney, 2006 Zyziphora Peterson & Robinson, 1976 蚤蠅是一类小型的蒼蠅，外貌與果蠅近似，特徵包括駝背、複眼黑色、觸角鞭節膨大、後足腿節膨大、翅在接近身體部位的翅脈較粗且短，其他翅脈則較細不明顯。 基本上除了寄生蠅之外的蠅科同類一樣，都是食腐性的蒼蠅，常出現在屍體腐敗後期。不過與麗蠅、金蠅不同的是，蚤蠅是在屍體腐敗後期時才會群聚，這點與果蠅頗為類似。 Brown, B.V. 2012: Small size no protection for acrobat ants: world's smallest fly is a parasitic phorid (Diptera: Phoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105(4): 550-554. doi:10.1603/AN12011 Guangchun Liu. 2023. A New Genus of Scuttle Flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from China, with Description of A New Species. Zoological Systematics. 48(4): 361-364 DOI: 10.11865/zs.2023402 Myriophora alexandrae. Parasite of the Day. [2024-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-14）.