乙型冠狀病毒1型

乙型冠狀病毒1型（Betacoronavirus 1、β1CoV）是乙型冠狀病毒屬的一個種，包含多種病毒，分別可感染人類、牛與豬等動物，造成人類普通感冒的人類冠狀病毒OC43即屬於乙型冠狀病毒1型。 乙型冠狀病毒屬1型的病毒皆以9-O-乙酰基唾液酸（9-O-acetylated sialic acids、9-O-Ac-Sias）為受體感染細胞。這些病毒的宿主範圍通常相當狹小，很少發生跨物種感染。 乙型冠狀病毒屬中，乙型冠狀病毒1型、兔冠狀病毒HKU14、中國鼠冠狀病毒HKU24、鼠冠狀病毒、人類冠狀病毒HKU1等共同組成一演化支支序A（lineage A），此演化支的病毒基因組中皆編碼血细胞凝集素酯酶（英语：Hemagglutinin esterase）（HE），其他冠狀病毒則無，其中在大鼠中發現的中國鼠冠狀病毒HKU24可能是乙型冠狀病毒屬1型的姊妹群，顯示乙型冠狀病毒屬1型最早可能是由鼠類病毒演化而來。 de Groot, Raoul J.; et al. Revision of the family Coronaviridae (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV): 18. 2009 [23 January 2020]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-02-07） （英语）. A new species, Betacoronavirus 1, is proposed to accommodate previously established Betacoronavirus species of humans, cattle, swine and horses (Human enteric coronavirus; Human coronavirus OC43; Bovine coronavirus; Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus; Equine coronavirus) and a newly recognized virus of dogs (canine respiratory coronavirus; Erles et al., 2007)  Lau, S.K.P.; Tsang, A.K.L.; Shakeel Ahmed, S.; Mahbub Alam, M.; Ahmed, Z.; Wong, P.-C.; Yuen, K.-Y.; Woo, P.C.Y. First genome sequences of buffalo coronavirus from water buffaloes in Bangladesh. New Microbes and New Infections. 2016, 11: 54–56. ISSN 2052-2975. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2016.02.011.  ICTV 5th Report Francki, R. I. B., Fauquet, C. M., Knudson, D. L. & Brown, F. (eds)(1991). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplementum 2, 452 pp. https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%205th%20Report.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Lu, Shuai; Wang, Yanqun; Chen, Yingzhu; Wu, Bingjie; Qin, Kun; Zhao, Jincun; Lou, Yongliang; Tan, Wenjie. Discovery of a novel canine respiratory coronavirus support genetic recombination among betacoronavirus1. Virus Research. 2017, 237: 7–13. ISSN 0168-1702. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.006.  Wang, Wen; Lin, Xian-Dan; Guo, Wen-Ping; Zhou, Run-Hong; Wang, Miao-Ruo; Wang, Cai-Qiao; Ge, Shuang; Mei, Sheng-Hua; Li, Ming-Hui; Shi, Mang; Holmes, Edward C.; Zhang, Yong-Zhen. Discovery, diversity and evolution of novel coronaviruses sampled from rodents in China. Virology. 2015, 474: 19–27. ISSN 0042-6822. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.017.  Bakkers, Mark J.G.; Lang, Yifei; Feitsma, Louris J.; Hulswit, Ruben J.G.; de Poot, Stefanie A.H.; van Vliet, Arno L.W.; Margine, Irina; de Groot-Mijnes, Jolanda D.F.; van Kuppeveld, Frank J.M.; Langereis, Martijn A.; Huizinga, Eric G.; de Groot, Raoul J. Betacoronavirus Adaptation to Humans Involved Progressive Loss of Hemagglutinin-Esterase Lectin Activity. Cell Host & Microbe. 2017, 21 (3): 356–366. ISSN 1931-3128. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.02.008.  Li, Fang. Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins. Annual Review of Virology. 2016, 3 (1): 237–261. ISSN 2327-056X. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042301.  Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung. Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis. Viruses. 2010-08-24, 2 (8): 1804–1820. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3185738 . PMID 21994708. doi:10.3390/v2081803. In all members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, a haemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene, which encodes a glycoprotein with neuraminate O-acetyl-esterase activity and the active site FGDS, is present downstream to ORF1ab and upstream to S gene (Figure 1).  Lau, Susanna K. P.; Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Li, Kenneth S. M.; Tsang, Alan K. L.; Fan, Rachel Y. Y.; Luk, Hayes K. H.; Cai, Jian-Piao; Chan, Kwok-Hung; Zheng, Bo-Jian; Wang, Ming; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Sandri-Goldin, R. M. Discovery of a Novel Coronavirus, China Rattus Coronavirus HKU24, from Norway Rats Supports the Murine Origin of Betacoronavirus 1 and Has Implications for the Ancestor of Betacoronavirus Lineage A. Journal of Virology. 2015, 89 (6): 3076–3092. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.02420-14.