天鵝座α型變星

天鵝座α型變星是顯示出非徑向脈動的變星，意味著當恆星表面有些地方收縮時，而同時也有些地方是擴張的。它們是光譜類型B或A的超巨星，亮度變化在0.1視星等，並與脈動相關聯，而由於和多脈動週期的節拍相關聯，因而通常是不規則變星。脈衝週期通常有幾天到幾個星期的周期。 這種變星的原型是天津四（天鵝座α），顯示的亮度在1.21 和 +1.29 之間波動。眾所周知很多在早期的超巨星都有小幅快速的變動，但之前它們未被歸為一類，直到1985年的變星總表第四版才收錄為變星的一種，縮寫的字母為ACYG（Alpha Cygni variable stars）。許多高光度藍變星（LBVs）在它們平靜（熱）階段顯示出天鵝座α型變星的型態，但在這種情況下一般仍使用LBV的分類。 克裡斯托費爾（Christoffel Waelkens）和他的同事在1998年的研究，分析依巴谷衛星的資料，發現了大量（32）此類變星。 還不完全清楚天鵝座α型變星的脈動，它們並不限於窄幅的溫度和光度脈動星的方式。可以是最明亮的A和B超巨星，也可能是O和F的恆星，顯示某種不可預知的小規模（尺度）脈動類型。非絕熱過程的奇怪模式逕向脈動只顯現在最明亮的超巨星。通過假設它們是低質量的後紅超巨星，低明亮的超巨星也有脈動模式，但多數的天鵝座α型變星似乎未顯現經歷過紅巨星的階段。 賣有可能誘發κ機制，造成鐵不透明度的變化，產生觀測上奇怪的短週期逕向和非逕向脈動方式。非絕熱的G-模式可能會產生較長的週期變化，但這些均未在天鵝座α型變星上觀測到。 Nonradial Pulsation. Universität Wien. [2010-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-10-24）.  Kholopov, P. N.; Samus', N. N.; Frolov, M. S.; Goranskij, V. P.; Gorynya, N. A.; Kireeva, N. N.; Kukarkina, N. P.; Kurochkin, N. E.; Medvedeva, G. I.; Perova, N. B. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalog of Variable Stars, 4th Ed. (GCVS4) (Kholopov+ 1988). 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