半人马座X-3

半人马座X-3（Centaurus X-3，缩写为Cen X-3），（4U 1118-60）是X射线脉冲星，周期为4.84秒。 这是在半人马座星座中被发现的第一个X射线脉冲星，也是第三个被发现的X射线源。该系统由一颗中子星绕着一个巨大的O型超巨星型恒星运行，该恒星被称为克热明斯基星(Krzeminski)的恒星，以其发现者波兰的天文学家沃伊切赫·克热明斯基（英语：Wojciech Krzemiński）名字命名。物质从恒星被吸积到中子星上，导致X射线发射。 半人马座X-3位于半人马座方向，是第一个发现具有X射线脉冲的X射线源，后被确认为一颗低质量X射线双星。半人马座X-3最早是在1967年发现的，1971年乌呼鲁卫星观测到它具有规则的脉冲，周期为4.84秒，同时每隔2.087天脉冲就中断将近12个小时。这表明它是一颗X射线双星，X射线脉冲是由双星系统中中子星发出的，同时因两子星相互绕转而发生周期性的掩食。 半人马座X-3距离太阳约8,000秒差距，是一颗典型的低质量X射线双星。它的主星是一颗20.5倍太阳质量的超巨星（克热明斯基星，Krzeminski's star），伴星是一颗1.21倍太阳质量的中子星，光度约为1038erg/s。 X射线脉冲星 X射线双星 X射线脉冲星列表（英语：List of X-ray pulsars） Fuhrmeister, B.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M., A systematic study of X-ray variability in the ROSAT all-sky survey, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2003, 403: 247–260, Bibcode:2003A&A...403..247F, arXiv:astro-ph/0303106 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030303  Samus', N. N.; et al, An Electronic Version of the Second Volume of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars with Improved Coordinates, Astronomy Letters, July 2003, 29 (7): 468–479, Bibcode:2003AstL...29..468S, doi:10.1134/1.1589864  Ash, T. D. C.; Reynolds, A. P.; Roche, P.; Norton, A. J.; Still, M. D.; Morales-Rueda, L. The mass of the neutron star in Centaurus X-3. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1999, 307 (2): 357. Bibcode:1999MNRAS.307..357A. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02605.x .  Tjemkes, S. A.; Van Paradijs, J.; Zuiderwijk, E. J. Optical light curves of massive X-ray binaries. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1986, 154: 77. Bibcode:1986A&A...154...77T.  Falanga, M.; Bozzo, E.; Lutovinov, A.; Bonnet-Bidaud, J. M.; Fetisova, Y.; Puls, J. Ephemeris, orbital decay, and masses of ten eclipsing high-mass X-ray binaries. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2015, 577: A130. Bibcode:2015A&A...577A.130F. arXiv:1502.07126 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425191.  Naik, Sachindra; Paul, Biswajit; Ali, Zulfikar, X-Ray Spectroscopy of the High-mass X-Ray Binary Pulsar Centaurus X-3 over Its Binary Orbit, The Astrophysical Journal, August 2011, 737 (2): 79, Bibcode:2011ApJ...737...79N, arXiv:1106.0370 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/737/2/79  Blondin, John M. The shadow wind in high-mass X-ray binaries. Astrophysical Journal. 1994, 435: 756. Bibcode:1994ApJ...435..756B. doi:10.1086/174853.  Chodil, G.; Mark, Hans; Rodrigues, R.; Seward, F.; Swift, C. D.; Hiltner, W. A.; Wallerstein, George; Mannery, Edward J. Spectral and Location Measurements of Several Cosmic X-Ray Sources Including a Variable Source in Centaurus. Physical Review Letters. 1967-09-11, 19 (11): 681–683. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.681.  Giacconi, R.; Gursky, H.; Kellogg, E.; Schreier, E.; Tananbaum, H. Discovery of Periodic X-Ray Pulsations in Centaurus X-3 from UHURU. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1971-07-01, 167: L67. doi:10.1086/180762.  Hutchings, J. B.; Cowley, A. P.; Crampton, D.; van Paradijs, J.; White, N. E. Centaurus X-3. The Astrophysical Journal. 1979-05-01, 229: 1079–1084. doi:10.1086/157042.  Ash, T. D. C.; Reynolds, A. P.; Roche, P.; Norton, A. J.; Still, M. D.; Morales-Rueda, L. The mass of the neutron star in Centaurus X-3. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1999-08-01, 307: 357–364. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02605.x.  Wojdowski, Patrick S.; Liedahl, Duane A.; Sako, Masao. The X-Ray Photoionized Wind in Cen X-3/V779 Cen. The Astrophysical Journal. 2001-02-01, 547: 973–987. doi:10.1086/318425.  （英文）Spin frequency history of Cen X-3（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） （英文）Cen+X-3（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）