ACVR1B

1B型激活素受体（Activin receptor type-1B），缩写为ACVR1B或ALK-4，在人体中是一种由ACVR1B基因编码的蛋白质。 ALK-4能够对激活素或激活素样配体（即抑制素）的信号进行转导。激活素首先与ACVR2A（英语：ACVR2A）或ACVR2B（英语：ACVR2B）结合，之后再与ALK-4形成复合物。上述过程能够招募R-SMAD（英语：R-SMAD）、SMAD2（英语：SMAD2）或者SMAD3（英语：SMAD3）分子。ALK-4也可以转导NODAL（英语：NODAL）、GDF-1、Vg1的信号。但是，和激活素不同，这些分子（与ALK-4的结合）需要Cripto（英语：Cripto）蛋白等共受体。 激活素是一类二聚体生长分化因子，属于TGF-β蛋白质超家族，一类结构上相关的信号蛋白。激活素信号能够通过一个包含至少两分子1型以及两分子2型受体的受体丝氨酸激酶异聚复合体进行转导。这些受体都属于跨膜蛋白，包含一个含有丰富半胱氨酸区域的细胞外配体结合结构域，一个跨膜结构域，以及一个推测具有丝氨酸或苏氨酸专一性的细胞内（即细胞质中的）（激酶）结构域。1型受体对信号转导来说是必要的，2型受体则对1型受体的表达以及配体的结合来说不可或缺。在配体结合后，1型受体以及2型受体能够形成一个稳定的复合物，并使1型受体被2型受体磷酸化。 编码ALK-4基因含有11个外含子。可变剪接以及Poly(A)（多聚腺嘌呤）尾巴的变化使该基因拥有多个转录本，目前已有3个转录本得到阐明，另外，此基因可能存在第四个包含8号外显子，且8号外显子与11号外显子缺乏9号外显子的转录本，但是这种转录本对应的mRNA还没有得到确认。 ALK能与ACVR2A、ACVR2B发生相互作用。 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135503 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000532 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. 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