乙酰胆碱酯酶

乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE，AChase），EC 3.1.1.7，是催化神经递质乙酰胆碱降解（通过其水解活性）成胆碱和乙酸的酶；属于一种水解酶或丝氨酸蛋白酶或羧酸酯酶家族。 此酶主要存在于胆碱能（英语：Cholinergic）神经元、神经肌肉接头处、肌肉组织等，具终止乙酰胆碱对突触后膜兴奋作用，恢复突触后膜极化，可终止突触传递（英语：Neurotransmission）。 乙酰胆碱酯酶具有极高的水解活性——一分子的乙酰胆碱酯酶每秒钟可以水解25000分子的乙酰胆碱。经乙酰胆碱酯酶作用而产生的胆碱被重新利用——通过再攝取被转运进入神经末梢，在那里被重新利用以合成新的乙酰胆碱分子。 乙酰胆碱酯酶. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会.  （简体中文） Dale Purves, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White. Neuroscience. 4th ed.. Sinauer Associates. 2008: 121–2. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.  Silman I, Futerman AH. Modes of attachment of acetylcholinesterase to the surface membrane. Eur. J. Biochem. 1988, 170 (1-2): 11–22. PMID 3319614. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13662.x.  Soreq H, Seidman S. Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 2 (4): 294–302. PMID 11283752. doi:10.1038/35067589.  Shen T, Tai K, Henchman RH, McCammon JA. Molecular dynamics of acetylcholinesterase.. Acc. 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