天弁二

天弁二（盾牌座δ）是在南天盾牌座的一顆巨星，視星等4.72等，是在這個小且沒有特徵星座的第五亮星。分析依巴谷衛星任務期間測量的視差，這顆恆星與地球的距離大約是202光年（62秒差距）。天弁二是盾牌座δ變星的原型，這種變星來自體積脹縮造成光度的高振幅大約都在0.15星等左右。這顆恆星特有的化學豐度與Am星相似。 在1900年，天文學家威廉·華萊士·坎貝爾（William Wallace Campbell）和威廉·哈蒙德·賴特（英语：William Hammond Wright）使用利克天文台的米爾斯光譜儀確定該恆星的徑向速度會變化。在1935年，測量出光度以6999193770000000000♠0.19377日（4.65小時）的週期有著0.2等（在+4.60至+4.79之間變化）的振幅，並證實這種變化是內在的，而不是光譜聯星造成的結果。在1938年，發現了次要的週期，並提出脈動理論來模擬這種變異。之後對天弁二的觀測表明，它是在多重離散的徑向和非徑向模式下脈動。模式最強的頻率是59.731μHz，其次是61.936μHz，依此類推，現在共建模了八種不同的頻率模式。 這顆恆星在銀道坐標系的空間速度是[U, V, W] = [–42, –17, –1] km·s−1。它以離心率0.11的軌道繞行銀河系，最接近銀河中心的距離是22.31 kly（6.84 kpc），最遠的距離是27.59 kly（8.46 kpc）。如果天弁二維持現在的運動和光度，它將以10光年的距離內經過太陽系附近，並且在西元7006115000000000000♠1150000至7006133000000000000♠1330000 CE成為天空中最亮的恆星，視星等為-1.84，比天狼星現在的-1.46還要明亮。 天弁二有二顆光學伴星。第一顆距離15.2角秒，視星等+12.2。第二顆距離53角秒，視星等+9.2。 佛蘭斯蒂德沒有將天弁二標示在盾牌座，而是將它與其它幾顆星納入天鷹座，並在星表中標記為天鷹座2。拜耳名稱的盾牌座δ是由古德命名的。 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, arXiv:0708.1752 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357  Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/gcvs. Originally published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 2009, 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.  Cowley, Anne; Fraquelli, Dorothy, MK Spectral Types for Some Bright F Stars, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, February 1974, 86 (509): 7, Bibcode:1974PASP...86...70C, doi:10.1086/129562  Johnson, H. L.; et al. UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars. Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. 1966, 4 (99): 99. Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.  Evans, D. S. The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities. Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick (编). Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30. University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union. June 20–24, 1966. Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E.  Holmberg, J.; Nordström, B.; Andersen, J., The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, July 2009, 501 (3): 941–947, Bibcode:2009A&A...501..941H, arXiv:0811.3982 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811191  Nordström, B.; et al, The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ˜14 000 F and G dwarfs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, May 2004, 418: 989–1019, Bibcode:2004A&A...418..989N, arXiv:astro-ph/0405198 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035959  Yushchenko, A.; et al. The chemical composition of δ Scuti. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. May 2005, 359 (55): 865–873. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.359..865Y. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08921.x.  del Sct – Variable star of delta Sct type. SIMBAD Astronomical Object Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. [2009-10-23]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-05）.  Campbell, W. W.; Wright, W. H. A list of nine stars whose velocities in the line of sight are variable. Astrophysical Journal. 1900, 12: 254–257. Bibcode:1900ApJ....12..254C. doi:10.1086/140765.  Listed as 2 Scuti on p. 256. Colacevich, A. On the variable radial velocity of δ Scuti. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. August 1935, 47 (278): 231–232. Bibcode:1935PASP...47..231C. doi:10.1086/124599.  Sterne, T. E. The Secondary Variation of δ Scuti. Astrophysical Journal. March 1938, 87: 133–150. Bibcode:1938ApJ....87..133S. doi:10.1086/143913.  Templeton, Matthew R.; et al. A New Pulsation Spectrum and Asteroseismology of delta Scuti. The Astronomical Journal. October 1997, 114: 1592–1601. Bibcode:1997AJ....114.1592T. doi:10.1086/118590.  García-Sánchez, J.; et al, Stellar encounters with the solar system, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2001, 379 (2): 634–659, Bibcode:2001A&A...379..634G, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011330  Sky and Telescope, April 1998 (p60), based on computations from Hipparcos mission data. Burnham, Robert. Burnham's celestial handbook: an observer's guide to the universe beyond the solar system 3. Courier Dover Publications. 1978: 1746. ISBN 0-486-23673-0.  Wagman, M. Flamsteed's Missing Stars. Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol.18, NO. 3/AUG, P.209, 1987. August 1987, 18: 212. Bibcode:1987JHA....18..209W. doi:10.1177/002182868701800305.  AAVSO Variable Star of the Month: Delta Scuti and the Delta Scuti Variables （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）