PGLYRP1

肽聚醣識別蛋白1（Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1），也被稱為 TAG7、PGRP-S，是在人類PGLYRP1基因編碼的蛋白。 肽聚糖识别蛋白（Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins, PGRPs）是近幾年來，在昆蟲和哺乳動物體內所發現的一種先天性免疫激活蛋白。哺乳動物具有四種PGRPs，分別命名為PGRP-S、PGRP-L、PGRP-Iα以及PGRP-Iβ（也稱為PGLYRP-1、PGLYRP-2、PGLYRP-3與PGLYRP-4）。 其中，PGRP-S為哺乳動物PGRP中最早克隆得到的。在過去的試驗發現PGRP-S會活化生物體的淋巴免疫細胞而誘發體內生成干擾素（IFN-γ）、腫瘤壞死因子（TNF-α），而展現出抗病毒的效果，且受到PGRP-S活化的淋巴免疫細胞並不會對正常的健康細胞產生危害。 該PGLYRP-1基因會高度表現在骨髓、循環型多形核白细胞（PMLs），以及角膜上皮细胞。主要在顆粒多型核白血球（PML）可以發現PGLYRP1蛋白。 如同大多數肽聚醣識別蛋白，PGLYRP-1有一個羧基端第2型醯胺域（也稱為PGRP域）並包括三個α-螺旋，五個β股，螺旋，並具有能形成三個雙硫鍵的三對保守半胱氨酸。 PGLYRP1會形成二聚體，以表現出抗微生物活性，並且可以與熱休克蛋白70形成複合體，而表現出其毒性。 PGLYRP-1蛋白在先天免疫反應中扮演著極為重要的腳色。 此蛋白針對革蘭氏陽性菌，例如金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌以及李斯特菌，且通常具有促炎的影響，會誘發組織中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-a）和干扰素伽玛（IFN-γ）的生成，對於豬PRRS病毒、流感病毒以及腸病毒在研究中也能產生出抑制的效果。 在過去的研究中，我們也知道PGLYRP-1能與熱休克蛋白70形成具有細胞毒性的複合體，這表示了它也許能作為抗癌症的腳色。 身為一個具有抗菌屬性的識別病原蛋白，PGLYRP-1也許在維持腸道中微生物菌叢中扮演著重要腳色。 作為抗微生物劑，PGLYRP-1結合到其目標細胞，並不會像防禦素和其他抗菌肽一樣，穿透細菌細胞壁。 相反地，PGLYRP-1的結合激活了細菌的壓抑反應，而導致細菌關閉轉錄和轉譯作用，以及誘導氧化反應。作為一個細胞毒性劑，PGLYRP1-熱休克蛋白70複合體 在人體上，PGLYRP-1基因的單核苷酸多態性與潰瘍性結腸炎的發生有關。 在小鼠，缺乏PGLYRP1會增加感染傳染性疾病的機率，但也减少了自體免疫性疾病的侵擾。當感染綠膿桿菌時，缺乏 PGLYRP1會增加角膜感染的風險性，減少角膜創傷的癒合能力，並且增加了角膜刮傷。 但PGLYRP1缺陷的小鼠同時也減緩了過敏性皮膚炎和接觸性皮膚炎的嚴重性，且對於哮喘的發生也有所影響。 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000008438 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030413 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. 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