捕魚蛛

捕魚蛛（學名：Dolomedes）是盜蛛科的一個屬，又稱食魚蜘蛛、狡蛛、跑蛛等。生活在淡水域邊，雖然牠們因擅長捕魚而得名，但其實牠們也會捉其他水生小動物食用。差不多所有捕魚蛛都是半水棲動物，目前只知有2個種並不是水陸兩棲： 住在樹上的D. albineus：分佈於美國西南部； 草原品種D. minor：分佈於紐西蘭。 捕魚蛛通常不會用蜘蛛絲來捕食，反而是用它把卵載著，作用就好像育嬰室。雌性蜘蛛只須花很少時間便可以製造網，載著卵到處走動。而北美洲的捕魚蛛，甚至會留在網中一個星期。 捕魚蛛頭胸部的長度比寬度多一些，高而突出並靠近眼睛。眼睛的位置分為兩排，位於後排的眼睛要更大一些。除了第三對足較短外，其他對足均發達有力且長度相等。 本属包括以下物种： Dolomedes actaeon Pocock, 1903 Dolomedes albicomus L.Koch, 1867 Dolomedes albicoxus Bertkau, 1880 Dolomedes albineus Hentz, 1845 Dolomedes alexandri Raven & Hebron, 2018 Dolomedes angolensis (Roewer, 1955) 狭长狡蛛 Dolomedes angustivirgatus Kishida, 1936 Dolomedes angustus (Thorell, 1899) Dolomedes annulatus Simon, 1877 Dolomedes aquaticus Goyen, 1888 Dolomedes batesi Pocock, 1903 Dolomedes bedjanic Yu & Kuntner, 2024 Dolomedes bistylus Roewer, 1955 Dolomedes boiei (Doleschall, 1859) Dolomedes briangreenei Raven & Hebron, 2018 Dolomedes bukhkaloi Marusik, 1988 Dolomedes chevronus Yin, 2012 梨形狡蛛 Dolomedes chinesus Chamberlin, 1924 Dolomedes chroesus Strand, 1911 心形狡蛛 Dolomedes cordivulva (Strand, 1907) Dolomedes costatus Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2004 Dolomedes crosbyi Lessert, 1928 Dolomedes dondalei Vink & Dupérré, 2010 Dolomedes elegans Taczanowski, 1874 Dolomedes errans Dufour, 1831 Dolomedes facetus L.Koch, 1876 Dolomedes fageli Roewer, 1955 Dolomedes femoralis Hasselt, 1882 Dolomedes fernandensis Simon, 1909 水涯狡蛛 Dolomedes fimbriatus (Clerck, 1757) 拟水涯狡蛛 Dolomedes fimbriatoides (Boes. et Str., 1906) Dolomedes flaminius L.Koch, 1867 Dolomedes fontus Tanikawa & Miyashita, 2008 Dolomedes furcatus Roewer, 1955 Dolomedes fuscipes Roewer, 1955 Dolomedes fuscus Franganillo, 1931 Dolomedes gertschi Carico, 1973 Dolomedes gracilipes Lessert, 1928 Dolomedes gregoric Yu & Kuntner, 2024 Dolomedes guamuhaya Alayón, 2003 狭条狡蛛 Dolomedes hercules (Boes. et Str., 1906) Dolomedes holti Carico, 1973 黑脊狡蛛 Dolomedes horishanus Kishida, 1936 Dolomedes hydatostella Yu & Kuntner, 2024 Dolomedes hyppomene Audouin, 1826 Dolomedes instabilis L.Koch, 1876 兴起狡蛛 Dolomedes insurgens (Chamberlin, 1924) Dolomedes intermedius Giebel, 1863 日本狡蛛 Dolomedes japonicus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 Dolomedes kalanoro Silva & Griswold, 2013 Dolomedes karijini Raven & Hebron, 2018 Dolomedes karschi Strand, 1913 Dolomedes lafoensis Berland, 1924 Dolomedes laticeps Pocock, 1898 Dolomedes lesserti Roewer, 1955 Dolomedes lizturnerae Raven & Hebron, 2018 Dolomedes lomensis Strand, 1906 Dolomedes lucensis Thorell, 1873 Dolomedes machadoi Roewer, 1955 Dolomedes macrops Simon, 1906 Dolomedes mankorlod Raven & Hebron, 2018 Dolomedes mendigoetmopasi Barrion, 1995 Dolomedes minahassae Merian, 1911 Dolomedes minor L.Koch, 1876 褐腹狡蛛 Dolomedes mizhoanus Kishida, 1936 Dolomedes naja Berland, 1938 Dolomedes neocaledonicus Berland, 1924 黑斑绞蛛 Dolomedes nigrimaculatus Song & Chen, 1991 Dolomedes noukhaiva Walckenaer, 1847 Dolomedes ocreatus Dolomedes ohsuditia Kishida, 1936 Dolomedes okefinokensis Bishop, 1924 Dolomedes orion Tanikawa, 2003 白跗狡蛛 Dolomedes pallitarsis (Doenitz et Strand, 1906) Dolomedes palmatus Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2005 Dolomedes palpiger Pocock, 1903 Dolomedes paroculus Simon, 1901 Dolomedes pedder Raven & Hebron, 2018 Dolomedes pegasus Tanikawa, 2012 Dolomedes petalinus Yin, 2012 植狡蛛 Dolomedes plantarius (Clerck, 1757) Dolomedes pratensis Risso, 1826 Dolomedes pullatus Nicolet, 1849 拉普狡蛛 Dolomedes raptor Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 Dolomedes raptoroides Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2004 Dolomedes rotundus Yu & Kuntner, 2024 赤條狡蛛 Dolomedes saganus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 Dolomedes schauinslandi Simon, 1899 Dolomedes scriptus Hentz, 1845 老狡蛛 Dolomedes senilis Simon, 1880 Dolomedes signatus Walckenaer, 1837 Dolomedes silvicola Tanikawa & Miyashita, 2008 Dolomedes smithi Lessert, 1916 Dolomedes spathularis Hasselt, 1882 星狡蛛 Dolomedes stellatus Kishida, 1936 Dolomedes straeleni Roewer, 1955 Dolomedes striatus Giebel, 1869 Dolomedes submarginalivittatus Strand, 1907 黄褐狡蛛 Dolomedes sulfureus L.Koch, 1878 Dolomedes sumatranus Strand, 1906 Dolomedes tadzhikistanicus Andreeva, 1976 Dolomedes tenebrosus Hentz, 1844 Dolomedes titan Berland, 1924 Dolomedes toldo Alayón, 2003 Dolomedes transfuga Pocock, 1900 Dolomedes triton (Walckenaer, 1837) Dolomedes upembensis (Roewer, 1955) Dolomedes vatovae Caporiacco, 1940 Dolomedes venmani Raven & Hebron, 2018 Dolomedes vicque Raven & Hebron, 2018 Dolomedes vittatus Walckenaer, 1837 Dolomedes wetarius Strand, 1911 Dolomedes wollastoni Hogg, 1915 Dolomedes wollemi Raven & Hebron, 2018 Dolomedes yawatai Ono, 2002 Dolomedes zatsun Tanikawa, 2003 张家界狡蛛 Dolomedes zhangjiajiensis Yin, 2012 目前中國大陸已記錄了328種捕魚蛛，台灣就有6種捕魚蛛，分別有： 黑背跑蛛 - Dolomedes horishanus Kishida 褐腹跑蛛 - Dolomedes mizhoanus Kishida 溪跑蛛 - Dolomedes raptor Boes. & Str. 赤條跑蛛 - Dolomedes saganus Boes. & Str. 長觸肢跑蛛 - Hygroposa higenaga (Kishida) 白條跑蛛 - Nilus phipsoni O.P. Cambridge 目前北美洲有9種捕魚蛛，以下是牠們的種類： Dolomedes triton Dolomedes striatus Dolomedes scriptus Dolomedes vittatus Dolmedes gertschi Dolomedes holti Dolomedes tenebrosus Dolomedes okefinokensis Dolomedes albineus 歐洲現時只發現2種捕魚蛛：Dolomedes plantarius及Dolomedes fimbriatus，而前者更被列入英國瀕危物種名單入面，同全球瀕危物種之一。 捕魚蛛的雄性有很大隻的螯足. Dolomedes triton Dolomedes sulfureus 《台灣常見蜘蛛圖鑑》，ISBN 957-02-8706-3 《自然觀察圖鑑1-蜘蛛》，ISBN 986-7988-11-6 《自然觀察步道-台灣蜘蛛觀察入門》，ISBN 957-99645-8-0 蜘蛛 Walker, Cyril; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 75. ISBN 0789489848.  Dolomedes Latreille, 1804. GBIF. [2023-01-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-26）.  Kuang-Ping Yu and Matjaž Kuntner. 2024. Discovering unknown Madagascar Biodiversity: Integrative Taxonomy of Raft Spiders (Pisauridae: Dolomedes) PeerJ. 12:e16781. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16781