美洲貂

美洲貂（學名：Martes americana）是北美洲的一種貂屬物種，體長0.5—0.7公尺，尾長13.5—16公分，成體重0.5—1.4公斤。本種的分布範圍北至阿拉斯加與加拿大的極地氣候區，南至美國紐約州，在針葉林、落葉林與混合林中均有分布，其中有些地區的族群被消滅後又被重新引入，賓州、伊利諾州、馬里蘭州、麻州、俄亥俄州與西維吉尼亞州等地的本種族群可能已完全消失。 美洲貂過去與分布於北美西部的太平洋貂（英语：Pacific marten）為同物異名，現已基於分子證據被分為獨立物種；更新世晚期、全新世早期的一化石物種Martes nobilis可能也是本種的異名。現本種之下包括7個亞種，但彼此無明顯外表差異。 哥倫比亞山脈與阿拉斯加的庫普列亞諾夫島和庫尤島等地為美洲貂與太平洋貂的自然雜交區（英语：Hybrid zone），此外有許多地區人為引入的美洲貂和原生的太平洋貂雜交，已發生基因滲入，對太平洋貂的族群造成威脅。 Helgen, K.; Reid, F. Martes americana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41648A45212861 [19 February 2022]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41648A45212861.en .  NatureServe Explorer 2.0. explorer.natureserve.org. [30 March 2022].  Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Martes americana. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. OL 3392515M.  NLC 001238428. Martes americana. MSW3.  Youngman, Phillip M.; Schueler, Frederick W. Martes nobilis Is a Synonym of Martes americana, Not an Extinct Pleistocene-Holocene Species. Journal of Mammalogy. 1991, 72 (3): 567–577. JSTOR 1382140. doi:10.2307/1382140.  Martes americana (American Marten). Idaho State University.  Buskirk, Steven W.; Ruggiero, Leonard F. (1994). "American marten}, pp. 7–37 in Ruggiero, Leonard F.; Aubry, Keith B.; Buskirk, Steven W.; Lyon, L. Jack; Zielinski, William J., tech. eds. The scientific basis for conserving carnivores: American marten, fisher, lynx, and wolverine. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-254. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. American marten. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. [2020-08-26].  Buskirk, Steven W.; Ruggiero, Leonard F. American Marten (PDF). USDA Forest Service. [30 March 2022].  Archived copy (PDF). [16 December 2020]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于4 May 2020）.  Moriarty, Katie M.; Aubry, Keith B.; Morozumi, Connor N.; Howell, Betsy L.; Happe, Patricia J.; Jenkins, Kurt J.; Pilgrim, Kristine L.; Schwartz, Michael K. Status of Pacific Martens (Martes caurina) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Northwest Science. 2019, 93 (2): 122. S2CID 202759726. doi:10.3955/046.093.0204 .  Colella, Jocelyn P; Johnson, Ellie J; Cook, Joseph A. Reconciling molecules and morphology in North American Martes. Journal of Mammalogy. 2018-12-05, 99 (6): 1323–1335. ISSN 0022-2372. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy140.  Martes americana, M. caurina. www.fs.fed.us. [2021-07-01].  Stone, Katharine. (2010). "Martes americana, American marten". In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Retrieved on 2018-11-11. Chapman, Joseph A.; Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce C. (2003). Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. p. 635. ISBN 0-8018-7416-5 Colella, Jocelyn P.; Wilson, Robert E.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Cook, Joseph A. Implications of introgression for wildlife translocations: the case of North American martens. Conservation Genetics. 2019-04-01, 20 (2): 153–166. Bibcode:2019ConG...20..153C. ISSN 1572-9737. S2CID 85447345. doi:10.1007/s10592-018-1120-5.  Clark, Tim W.; Anderson, Elaine; Douglas, Carman; Strickland, Marjorie. Martes americana (PDF). Mammalian Species. 1987, (289): 1–8. JSTOR 3503918. S2CID 253945118. doi:10.2307/3503918. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于4 March 2016）.  Dawson, Natalie G.; Colella, Jocelyn P.; Small, Maureen P.; Stone, Karen D.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Cook, Joseph A. Historical biogeography sets the foundation for contemporary conservation of martens (genus Martes) in northwestern North America. Journal of Mammalogy. 2017-05-29, 98 (3): 715–730. ISSN 0022-2372. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyx047 .