国际和平局

国际和平局（英語：International Peace Bureau, IPB）是成立于1891年的國際非政府組織，是世界上最早成立的国际和平组织，1910年获得诺贝尔和平奖。1913年，亨利·拉方丹也以国际和平局局長的身份获得诺贝尔和平奖。截至2012年，共有12名国际和平局成员獲得诺贝尔和平奖 。 已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。 The International Peace Bureau (IPB) (法語：Bureau international de la paix), founded in 1891, is one of the world's oldest international peace federations. The organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910 for acting "as a link between the peace societies of the various countries". In 1913 Henri La Fontaine was also awarded the Prize "[For his work as] head of the International Peace Bureau". 截至2012年 (2012-Missing required parameter 1=month!)[update], eleven other Nobel Peace Prize laureates have been members of the IPB. Its membership consists of 300 organizations in 70 countries. IPB's headquarters are located in Berlin, Germany, with offices in Barcelona, Spain, and Geneva, Switzerland. Prior to 2017, the headquarters were in Geneva. Its main programmes are the Global Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS) and disarmament for sustainable development, which focuses both on nuclear and conventional weapons, as well as biological weapons, landmines, and small arms. IPB holds Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and associate status with the United Nations Department of Global Communications. IPB was founded under the name Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix). From 1912 onward it used the name International Peace Bureau. Between 1946 and 1961, it was known under the name International Liaison Committee of Organizations for Peace – ILCOP (Comité de liaison international des organisations de paix – CLIOP). The Global Campaign on Military Spending (GCOMS) is a permanent, global, year-round campaign that was created in December 2014 by the IPB to tackle the worldwide issue of excessive military spending. The aim of the campaign is to pressure the world's governments to invest money in the sectors of health, education, employment and climate change rather than military. It also calls for an annual, minimum reallocation of 10% from the military budgets of all states. Finally, it advocates the reduction of arms production and international weapons trade. The campaign organises the Global Day of Action on Military Spending (GDAMS) to bring public, media and political attention to the costs of military spending and the need to invest in new priorities. GCOMS is managed from the decentralised Barcelona, Spain, office of IPB in coordination with Centre Delàs of Peace Studies. More than 100 organisations from 35 countries have joined the campaign. IPB has been in the forefront of nuclear disarmament activities since 1945, including: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) World Court Project Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) Currently, the IPB is campaigning to encourage the signing and ratification of the TPNW so that it may enter into force. Established in 1992, the Seán MacBride Peace Prize is awarded by the International Peace Bureau to a person or organisation that "has done outstanding work for peace, disarmament and/or human rights." It is named after Seán MacBride, a Nobel Peace Prize winner who was chairman of the IPB from 1968 to 1974 and president from 1974 to 1985. The following are the recipients of the Seán MacBride Peace Prize since its inception in 1992: At the Triennial Assembly held in London on October 19 2019, a new group of IPB officials was elected. The current co-presidents are: The current Treasurer is: The vice-presidents deputise for the president when necessary. The current vice-presidents are: The board members are the following: The Council members are the following persons: The staff members are the following persons: IPB's work was rewarded by the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910, which has also been awarded to some of its members: 1901 : Frédéric Passy (France), IPB council member 1902 : Élie Ducommun and Albert Gobat (Switzerland), first honorary secretaries of IPB 1905 : Bertha von Suttner (Austria), writer and honorary vice-president of IPB 1907 : Ernesto Moneta (Italy), IPB council member 1908 : Fredrik Bajer (Denmark), honorary president of IPB 1910 : The International Peace Bureau 1911 : Alfred Fried (Austria), IPB council member 1913 : Henri La Fontaine (Belgium), president of IPB 1927 : Ludwig Quidde (Germany), IPB council member 1959 : Philip Noel-Baker (United Kingdom), IPB vice-president 1962 : Linus Pauling (United States), IPB vice-president 1974 : Seán MacBride (Ireland), IPB chairman and president 1982 : Alva Myrdal (Sweden), IPB vice-president The IPB has a co-president system that ensures a gender-balance among leadership. Each president can currently serve up to two terms of three years. Henri La Fontaine – 1907–1943 Ernst Wolf – 1963–1974 Seán MacBride – 1974–1985 Bruce Kent – 1985–1992 Maj Britt Theorin – 1992–2000 Cora Weiss – 2000–2006 Tomas Magnusson – 2006–2013 Ingeborg Breines – 2009–2016 Reiner Braun – 2013–2019 Lisa Clark – 2016–present Philip Jennings – 2019–present The Castle of Peace / Society of Peace（英语：Allaman Castle） Fredrik Bajer（英语：Fredrik Bajer） Élie Ducommun（英语：Élie Ducommun） Charles Albert Gobat（英语：Charles Albert Gobat） Henri La Fontaine（英语：Henri La Fontaine） Bertha von Suttner（英语：Bertha von Suttner） List of anti-war organizations（英语：List of anti-war organizations） List of peace activists（英语：List of peace activists） Over a Century of Peace-Making. International Peace Bureau. [2012-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-15）.  Award Ceremony Speech (1910). Nobel Foundation. [2011-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2011-10-06）.  The Nobel Peace Prize 1910. Nobel Foundation. 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ISBN 9789814338103. （原始内容存档于2022-08-05）.  Mayors for Peace Receives Sean MacBride Peace Prize Awarded by the International Peace Bureau(IPB). Mayors for Peace. Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation. [November 7, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-30）.  UNU Council Chair Dhanapala Wins IPB Peace Prize. United Nations University. United Nations University. September 2007 [November 7, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-23）.  Ms.Jacqueline Cabasso, the Mayors for Peace Coordinator in North America won 2008 Sean MacBride Peace Prize. Mayors for Peace. Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation. n.d. [November 7, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-30）.  International Peace Bureau Awards Pioneering Peace Educator, Dr. Betty A. Reardon, the 2009 Sean MacBride Peace Prize. [2018-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2010-07-13）.  Binalakshmi Nepram Receives Sean MacBride Peace Prize for 2010 in Oslo. Heinrich Böll Stiftung India. Heinrich Boell Foundation. 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International Peace Bureau. [2016-03-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-15）.  Structure | IPB – International Peace Bureau. [2020-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-08） （美国英语）.  "The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 1 Mar 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/themes/peace/lundestad-review/index.html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）> Gobat, Albert，《Développement du Bureau international permanent de la paix》（国际和平局发展史），Bern，1910年。 Herz, Ulrich，《The International Peace Bureau: History, Aims, Activities》（国际和平局：历史、目标、活动）. Geneva，1969年。 From Nobel Lectures, Peace 1901-1925, Editor Frederick W. Haberman, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972. Gobat, Albert, Développement du Bureau international permanent de la paix. Bern, 1910. Herz, Ulrich, The International Peace Bureau: History, Aims, Activities. Geneva, 1969. From Nobel Lectures, Peace 1901-1925, Editor Frederick W. Haberman, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972. 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：国际和平局 官方网站 GCOMS website （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） International 国际和平局官方网站（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）