金牛座HK

金牛座HK是在金牛座的一對年輕金牛T星型主序前星聯星系統，它是金牛座分子雲的成員，距離約7002434000000000000♠434 光年。 金牛座HK的兩顆星分離角度為7000231999999999999♠2.32 角秒，在這樣的距離上相當於7013462257420463000♠309 AU。主序星是一顆質量為0.44 M☉的主序前星，伴星的質量是0.37 M☉。 聯星的兩個成員都是中等質量的天體，仍在向主序列收縮，並在吸積質量。它們的年齡可能很年輕（低於1,000萬年），但無法準確估計，因為這兩顆恒星都被原行星盤强烈遮擋。 伴星金牛座HK B被一個幾乎是可見邊緣的原行星盤包圍。它含有水和二氧化碳冰，以及氣態的一氧化碳。星周盤異常平坦，縱橫比為4.4，而大多數年輕恆星的星周盤縱橫比約為3。與細塵相比，該圓盤還包含相對較少的大塵粒，其大小分佈的幂律斜率為4.2。盤的質量相對較小，不超過0.0005M☉，並且塵埃的分佈不對稱， 圓盤的平面與雙星的軌道也不對齊。 自1993年以來，人們一直懷疑有多顆行星嵌入金牛座B的星周盤，然而到2020年還沒有發現。 Roggero, Noemi; Bouvier, Jérôme; Rebull, Luisa M.; Cody, Ann Marie. The dipper population of Taurus seen with K2. Astronomy and Astrophysics. July 2021, 651: A44. Bibcode:2021A&A...651A..44R. arXiv:2106.02064 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140646 .  Brown, A. G. A.; et al. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 649: A1. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. S2CID 227254300. arXiv:2012.01533 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 .  已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助) (勘误: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 649: A1. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. S2CID 227254300. arXiv:2012.01533 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 .  已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助) (勘误: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR. 引用错误：没有为名为Manara2019的参考文献提供内容 Akeson, Rachel L.; Jensen, Eric L. N.; Carpenter, John; Ricci, Luca; Laos, Stefan; Nogueira, Natasha F.; Suen-Lewis, Emma M., Resolved Young Binary Systems and Their Disks, The Astrophysical Journal, 2019, 872 (2): 158, Bibcode:2019ApJ...872..158A, S2CID 119332907, arXiv:1901.05029 , doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaff6a  Simon, M.; Guilloteau, S.; Beck, Tracy L.; Chapillon, E.; Folco, E. Di; Dutrey, A.; Feiden, Gregory A.; Grosso, N.; Piétu, V.; Prato, L.; Schaefer, Gail H., Masses and Implications for Ages of Low-mass Pre-main-sequence Stars in Taurus and Ophiuchus, The Astrophysical Journal, 2019, 884 (1): 42, Bibcode:2019ApJ...884...42S, S2CID 201668492, arXiv:1908.10952 , doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3e3b  Aikawa, Y.; Kamuro, D.; Sakon, I.; Itoh, Y.; Noble, J. A.; Pontoppidan, K. M.; Fraser, H. J.; Terada, H.; Tamura, M.; Kandori, R.; Kawamura, A.; Ueno, M. AKARI observations of ice absorption bands towards edge-on YSOs. The Molecular Universe. 2011, 280: 78. Bibcode:2011IAUS..280P..78A. arXiv:1112.3736 .  Wolff, S.; Duchêne, G.; Stapelfeldt, K.; Ménard, F.; Flores, C.; Padgett, D.; Pinte, C.; Villenave, M.; van der Plas, G.; Perrin, M., The Anatomy of an Unusual Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk. I. Dust Settling in a Cold Disk, The Astronomical Journal, 2021, 161 (5): 238, Bibcode:2021AJ....161..238W, S2CID 232110830, arXiv:2103.02665 , doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb1d  McCabe, C.; Duchêne, G.; Pinte, C.; Stapelfeldt, K. R.; Ghez, A. M.; Ménard, F. Spatially Resolving the HK Tau B Edge-on Disk from 1.2 to 4.7 μm: A Unique Scattered Light Disk. The Astrophysical Journal. 2011, 727 (2): 90. Bibcode:2011ApJ...727...90M. S2CID 119547639. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/90 .  Fragner, M. M.; Nelson, R. P., Evolution of warped and twisted accretion discs in close binary systems, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2009, 511: A77, S2CID 56472618, arXiv:0912.3220 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913088  Marsh, Kenneth A.; Mahoney, Michael J. Do the Spectral Energy Distributions of GK Tauri and HK Tauri Indicate the Presence of Planetary Companions?. The Astrophysical Journal. 1993, 405: L71. Bibcode:1993ApJ...405L..71M. doi:10.1086/186768 .  Wallace, A. L.; Kammerer, J.; Ireland, M. J.; Federrath, C.; Kraus, A. L.; Maddison, S. T.; Rizzuto, A.; Birchall, E. K.; Martinache, F., High-resolution survey for planetary companions to young stars in the Taurus molecular cloud, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2020, 498: 1382–1396, arXiv:2008.06065 , doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2434