玉黍螺科

玉黍螺科（学名：Littorinidae），又名濱螺科，原屬中腹足目或盤足目，今屬新生腹足類支序（Caenogastropoda）高腹足類支序（Hypsogastropoda）玉黍螺形類支序（Littorinimorpha）的玉黍螺總科（Littorinoidea）。包括有200多個物種。 根據《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)》，本科屬於新生腹足類，包括有以下三個亞科： 玉黍螺亞科 Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983 Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928. Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989 玉黍螺科包括下列各屬： 玉黍螺亞科 Littorininae Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003：有四個物種。 Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970：有五個物種。 Cenchritis von Martens, 1900 Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 - synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009 玉黍螺屬 Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species Littorina Férussac, 1822 - 18 species - type genus Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885 Melarhaphe Menke, 1828 結節濱螺屬 Nodilittorinavon Martens, 1897 豆濱螺屬 Peasiella Nevill, 1885 塔玉黍螺屬Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833：有11個物種，其異名或亞屬包括 Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942 Lacuninae Bembicium Philippi, 1846 Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869- freshwater snails living in waterfalls. Lacuna Turton, 1827 - synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886 Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902 Laevilitorininae Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886 subfamily ? Algamorda Dall, 1918 Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?) Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966 Synonyms Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885[來源請求] Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110. Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6. 香港紅樹林的動物. 香港特別行政區漁農自然護理署. 2014-07-11 [2015-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-02） （中文（繁體））.  国际贝库：巨塔玉黍螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-15）.  Littoraria melanostoma 黑口玉黍螺. 香港特別行政區漁農自然護理署. [2018-05-31] （中文（繁體））. [永久失效連結] Littorinidae. WoRMS.  Reid D. G. (2009) "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 2184: 1-103. abstract （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA[永久失效連結]. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010. S T Williams , D G Reid , D T J Littlewood. A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2003, 1 (1): 60–86. PMID 12801472. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. （原始内容存档于2012-10-05）.  Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343. Littorinidae. ITIS.  Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1 David G. Reid, Suzanne T. Williams. The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina (PDF). Record of the Australian Museum. 2004, 56: 75–122 [2015-02-15]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2005-01-06）.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：玉黍螺科 Template:Edible molluscs