剑虻科

剑虻科（学名：Therevidae）是双翅目食虫虻总科下的一个科，总计包括1,600个物种，其中大部分生活在沙质土壤的干旱或半干旱区域。其幼虫在土壤中捕食昆虫的幼虫。 该科苍蝇通常多毛或具有毛茸茸的外观，与食虫虻类似，两者有密切关系。但是，它们没有凹陷的脸和凸出的眼睛。它们腿很长，雌性产卵器官周围有一圈硬毛。 本科包括以下属： Acantothereva Séguy, 1935 Acathrito Lyneborg, 1983 Acatopygia Kröber, 1912 Acraspisa Kröber, 1912 Acraspisoides Hill & Winterton, 2004 裸颜剑虻属 Acrosathe Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Actenomeros Winterton & Irwin, 1999 Actorthia Kröber, 1912 Acupalpa Kröber, 1912 Agapophytus Guérin, 1831 Ambradolon Metz & Irwin, 2000 Ammonaios Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Ammothereva Lyneborg, 1984 Amplisegmentum Donald W.Webb, 2005 Anabarhynchus Macquart, 1848 Anabarrhynchus Kertész, 1909 Anabarynchus Macquart, 1848 Anolinga Gaimari & Irwin, 2000 Apenniverpa Webb, 2005 Arctogephyra Hauser, 2007 Arenigena Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Argolepida Metz & Irwin, 2003 Aristothereva Frey, 1921 Ataenogera Kröber, 1914 Baryphora Loew, 1844 Belonalys Kröber, 1912 毛蚋屬 Bibio Fabricius, 1775 Bonjeania Irwin & Lyneborg, 1989 Brachylinga Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Braunsophila Breviperna Irwin, 1977 Bugulaverpa Gaimari & Irwin, 2000 Caenophanomyia Bezzi, 1902 Caenophthalmus Kröber, 1931 Calophytus Irwin, Winterton & Metz, 2020 Ceratosathe Lyneborg, 1972 Cerocatus Rondani, 1848 Chromolepida Cole, 1923 Chrysanthemyia Becker, 1912 Cionophora Egger, 1854 Cliorismia Enderlein, 1927 Cochlodactyla Lyneborg, 1972 Coleiana Gaimari & Irwin, 2000 Collessiama Lambkin, 2013 Crebraseta Gaimari & Irwin, 2000 Cretothereva Carmo, Lamas & Ribeiro, 2022 Cyclotelus Walker, 1850 Dasystethos Hauser, 2007 Dasythereva Irwin & Winterton, 2020 Delphacura Lyneborg, 1972 Dialineura Rondani, 1856 Dichoglena Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Dimassus Walker, 1850 Distostylus Webb, 2003 Ectinorhynchus Macquart, 1850 Efflatouniella Kröber, 1927 Elcaribe Webb, 2006 Entesia Oldroyd, 1968 Epileptocera Richards, 1929 Euphycus Krober, 1912 Eupsilocephala Kröber, 1912 Evansomyia Mann, 1928 Glaesorthactia Hennig, 1967 Gyrophthalmus Becker, 1912 Helicorhaphe Ksiazkiewicz, 1970 Hemigephyra Lyneborg, 1972 Henicomyia Coquillett, 1898 Hermannula Strand, 1932 Hoplosathe Lyneborg & Zaitzev, 1980 Iberotelus Lyneborg, 1989 Incoxoverpa Webb & Irwin, 1999 Insulatitan Metz & Irwin, 2000 Irwiniella Lyneborg, 1976 Jeanchazeauia Irwin, Winterton & Metz, 2020 Johnmannia Irwin & Lyneborg, 1989 Kroeberiella Hauser, 2007 Laxotela Winterton & Irwin, 1999 Leptocera Kröber, 1928 Leptothereva Séguy, 1964 Lesneus Surcouf, 1921 Lindneria Kröber, 1929 Litolinga Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Lyneborgia Irwin, 1973 Lysilinga Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Manestella Metz, 2003 Medomega Winterton & Lambkin, 2012 Megalinga Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Megapalla Lyneborg, 2001 Megathereva Lyneborg, 1992 Melanacrosathe Lyneborg, 1999 Melanothereva Malloch, 1932 Microgephyra Lyneborg, 1972 Microthereva Malloch, 1932 Nanexila Winterton & Irwin, 1999 Nebritus Coquillett, 1894 Neodialineura Mann, 1928 Neophycus Kröber, 1931 Neotabuda Kröber, 1931 Neotherevella Lyneborg, 1978 Nesonana Gaimari & Irwin, 2000 Nigranitida Metz, 2003 Notiothereva Metz & Irwin, 2003 Orthactia Kröber, 1912 Ozodiceromyia Bigot, 1890 Pachygenia Kröber, 1912 Pachylopella Winterton & Irving, 2023 Pachyrrhiza Philippi, 1865 Palaeopherocera Hauser & Irwin, 2005 Pallicephala Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Pandivirilia Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Parapherocera Irwin, 1977 Parapsilocephala Kröber, 1912 Patanothrix Winterton, 2001 Penniverpa Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Pentheria Francke, 1985 Pentheria Kröber, 1914 Peralia Malloch, 1932 Peratrimera Hauser & Irwin, 2005 Pherocera Cole, 1923 Phycus Walker, 1850 Pipinnipons Winterton, 2001 Platarista Speiser, 1923 Platycarenum Kröber, 1912 Procyclotelus Nagatomi & Lyneborg, 1987 Protothereva Malloch, 1932 Pseudothereva Lyneborg, 1976 Pseudoxestomyza Kröber, 1912 Psilocephala Zetterstedt, 1838 Ptilotophallos Webb, 2005 Rhagioforma Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Rueppellia Wiedemann, 1830 Ruppellia Wiedemann, 1830 Salentia Costa, 1857 Salwaea Winterton, Hauser & Badrawy, 2012 Schlingeria Irwin, 1977 Schoutedenomyia Krober, 1936 Sidarena Irwin & Winterton, 2016 Sigalopella Irwin & Winterton, 2020 Sinothereva Winterton, 2020 Spatulipalpa Kröber, 1912 Spinalobus Webb, 2007 Spiracolis Webb, 2005 Spiriverpa Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Squamopygia Kröber, 1928 Stenogephyra Lyneborg, 1987 Stenopomyia Lyneborg, 1976 Stenosathe Lyneborg, 1976 Stratiobelonalys Frey, 1934 Tabuda Walker, 1852 Tabudamima Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Taenogera Kröber, 1912 Taenogerella Winterton & Irwin, 1999 Thereva Fabricius, 1798 Thereva Latreille, 1796 Viriliricta Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981 Vomerina Winterton, 2007 Winthemmyia Webb, 2005 Xestomyza Wiedemann, 1820 Xestomyzina Kröber, 1912 Yemenia Koçak & Kemal, 2009 Zelothrix Irwin & Winterton, 2016 Ziehenia Kröber, 1929 Zionea Hardy, 1938 该科苍蝇主要生活在草地和牧场，偶尔在灌木或观叶花卉上被发现。它们通常生活在沙质土壤的干旱地区。成虫只以液体为食，通常是水。它们善于飞行，不过飞行距离通常很短。它们在沙质土壤中产卵。 幼虫长且卷曲，由19段组成。它们生活在土壤中，有时在烂木头中。它们捕食甲虫幼虫和其它软体动物，它们注入毒剂，然后吸出猎物。幼虫在土壤中休眠成蛹。蛹期通常持续时间只有八到十二天。 Newman, E. (1834). Attempted division of British insects into natural orders. Entomological Magazine. 2, 379–431. 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：剑虻科 Klaus Honomichl, Heiko Bellmann: Biologie und Ökologie der Insekten; CD-Rom, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1994