戴克里先迫害

戴克里先迫害（英語：Diocletianic Persecution）或稱作大迫害（英語：Great Persecution），是羅馬帝國最後一次和最嚴重的一次对基督徒的鎮壓。303年羅馬帝國正處於四帝共治制，帝國東部主皇帝（奧古斯都）戴克里先、帝國西部主皇帝馬克西米安、東部副皇帝（凯撒）伽列里烏斯和西部副皇帝君士坦提烏斯一世頒布了一系列法令，廢除基督教的合法權益並要求他們遵守傳統的古羅馬宗教習俗。後來法令開始針對神職人員展開迫害，下令將這些民眾奉獻給羅馬眾神。 西部副皇帝及後來在305年成為西部主皇帝的君士坦提烏斯一世管治區的鎮壓比起其他3位皇帝較輕微，東部正副皇帝仍然繼續採行所有的禁令直到在313年西部皇帝君士坦丁大帝和東部皇帝李錫尼頒布《米蘭敕令》後，標誌著過去的迫害正式結束。 Gaddis, Michael. There Is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ: Religious Violence in the Christian Roman Empire. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. 2005. ISBN 0-520-24104-5.  Potter, David Stone, The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180–395, Routledge, 2004 pg. 338 Catholic Encyclopedia. [2015-02-04]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-18）.  古代文献 Arnobius. Adversus Nationes (Against the Heathen) ca. 295–300. Bryce, Hamilton, and Hugh Campbell, trans. Against the Heathen （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. From Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 6. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Accessed June 9, 2009. Dessau, Hermann. Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae (Berlin: Weidmann, 1892–1916) Eusebius of Caesarea. Historia Ecclesiastica (Church History) first seven books ca. 300, eighth and ninth book ca. 313, tenth book ca. 315, epilogue ca. 325. Books Eight and Nine. Williamson, G.A., trans. The History of the Church from Christ to Constantine. London: Penguin, 1989. ISBN 0-14-044535-8 Eusebius of Caesarea. De Martyribus Palestinae (On the Martyrs of Palestine). McGiffert, Arthur Cushman, trans. Martyrs of Palestine （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 1. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Accessed June 9, 2009. Cureton, William, trans. History of the Martyrs in Palestine by Eusebius of Caesarea, Discovered in a Very Antient Syriac Manuscript （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. London: Williams & Norgate, 1861. Accessed September 28, 2009. Eusebius of Caesarea. Vita Constantini (The Life of the Blessed Emperor Constantine) ca. 336–39. Richardson, Ernest Cushing, trans. Life of Constantine （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 1. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Accessed June 9, 2009. Lactantius. Divinae Institutiones (The Divine Institutes) ca. 303–311. Fletcher, William, trans. The Divine Institutes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. From Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 7. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Accessed June 9, 2009. Lactantius. De Ira Dei (On the Wrath of God) ca. 313. Fletcher, William, trans. On the Anger of God （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. From Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 7. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Accessed June 9, 2009. Lactantius. Liber De Mortibus Persecutorum (Book on the Deaths of the Persecutors) ca. 313–15. Fletcher, William, trans. Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. From Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 7. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Accessed June 9, 2009. Musurillo, Herbert, trans. The Acts of the Christian Martyrs. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972. Optatus. Contra Parmenianum Donatistam (Against the Donatists) ca. 366–367. Vassall-Phillips, O.R., trans. The Work of St. Optatus Against the Donatists. London: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1917. Quick links to the separate books and parts of ‘Against the Donatists’（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Transcribed at tertullian.org by Roger Pearse, 2006. Accessed June 9, 2009. Porphyry. Fragments. Brauunsberg, David, and Roger Pearse, eds. "Porphyry, Against the Christians: Fragments", in Selected Fathers of the Church. 2006. Accessed June 9, 2009. Tertullian. Apologeticus (Apology) 197. Thelwall, S., trans. Apology （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. From Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 3. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885.) Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Accessed June 16, 2009. Tilley, Maureen A, trans. Donatist Martyr Stories: The Church in Conflict in Roman North Africa. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1996. 現代文献 Barnes, Timothy D. "Legislation Against the Christians." Journal of Roman Studies 58:1–2 (1968): 32–50. 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A Chronological Chart of the Persecution with primary sources hyperlinked （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Persecution of Christians from Britannica （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）