長臂蝦科

長臂蝦科（學名：Palaemonidae）是十足目真蝦下目長臂蝦總科的一個科，以下有兩個亞科：長臂蝦亞科（Palaemoninae）和隱蝦亞科（Pontoniinae）。當中長臂蝦亞科的成員都是肉食者，以較小的無脊椎動物為食，除了深海以外，幾乎在所有水體均有發現。當中最重要的品種要數沼蝦屬（Macrobrachium），因為它包括多種極具商業價值的物種，例如：淡水長臂大蝦（M. rosenbergii）。隱蝦亞科的物種則棲居於珊瑚礁中，與許多無脊椎動物有互利共生、寄生或片利共生的關係，包括海綿、刺胞動物門、軟體動物門及棘皮動物門。本科物種包括日常在水體內為其他魚類吃掉其身上的寄生物和其他共生物的清潔蝦；雖然多半以碎屑為食，但也有少部分物種為肉食性並以獵食小動物維生。 長臂蝦科之下有137個屬，950個種，分為以下兩個亞科： 長臂蝦亞科 Palaemoninae Rafinesque, 1815 †Alburnia Bravi & Garassino, 1998 Arachnochium Wowor & Ng, 2010 †Bechleja Houša, 1957 †Beurlenia Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991 Brachycarpus Spence Bate, 1888 Coutierella Sollaud, 1914 Creaseria Holthuis, 1950 Cryphiops Dana, 1852 白蝦屬 Exopalaemon Holthuis, 1950 Leander E. Desmarest, 1849 Leandrites Holthuis, 1950 Leptocarpus Holthuis, 1950 沼蝦屬 Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 †Micropsalis von Meyer, 1859 Nematopalaemon Holthuis, 1950 Neopalaemon Hobbs, 1973 長臂蝦屬 Palaemon Weber, 1795 小長臂蝦屬 Palaemonetes Heller, 1869 †Propalaemon Woodward, 1903 †Pseudocaridinella Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991 Pseudopalaemon Sollaud, 1911 Rhopalaemon Ashelby & De Grave, 2010 †Schmelingia Schweigert, 2002 Tenuipedium Wowor & Ng, 2010 Troglindicus Sankolli & Shenoy, 1979 Troglocubanus Holthuis, 1949 Troglomexicanus Villalobos, Alvarez & Iliffe, 1999 尾瘦虾属 Urocaridella Borradaile, 1915 †Yongjiacaris Garassino, Shen, Schram & Taylor, 2002 Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1879 Allopontonia Bruce, 1972 Altopontonia Bruce, 1990 Amphipontonia Bruce, 1991 Anapontonia Bruce, 1966 Anchiopontonia Bruce, 1992 Anchistus Borradaile, 1898 Ancylomenes Okuno & Bruce, 2010 Anisomenaeus Bruce, 2010 Apopontonia Bruce, 1976 Araiopontonia Fujino & Miyake, 1970 Ascidonia Fransen, 2002 Balssia Kemp, 1922 Blepharocaris Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2007 Brucecaris Marin & Chan, 2006 Bruceonia Fransen, 2002 Cainonia Bruce, 2005 Carinopontonia Bruce, 1988 Chacella Bruce, 1986 Chernocaris Johnson, 1967 Climeniperaeus Bruce, 1995 Colemonia Bruce, 2005 Conchodytes Peters, 1852 Coralliocaris Stimpson, 1860 Coutierea Nobili, 1901 Crinotonia Marin, 2006 Ctenopontonia Bruce, 1979 Cuapetes Clark, 1919 Cuapetes agag (Kemp, 1922) Cuapetes akiensis (Kubo, 1936) Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878) Cuapetes amymone (De Man, 1902) Cuapetes anacanthus (Bruce, 1988) Cuapetes andamanensis (Kemp, 1922) Cuapetes calmani (Tattersall, 1921) Cuapetes canariensis Fransen, Schubart & Moro, 2022 Cuapetes darwiniensis (Bruce, 1987) Cuapetes demani (Kemp, 1915) Cuapetes edwardsii (Paul'son, 1875) Cuapetes elegans (Paul'son, 1875) Cuapetes ensifrons (Dana, 1852) Cuapetes grandis (Stimpson, 1860) Cuapetes johnsoni (Bruce, 1987) Cuapetes kororensis (Bruce, 1977) Cuapetes lacertae (Bruce, 1992) Cuapetes lanceolatus Okuno & Chan, 2012 Cuapetes longirostris (Borradaile, 1915) Cuapetes nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915) Cuapetes paulsoni (Bruce, 2003) Cuapetes platycheles (Holthuis, 1952) Cuapetes purushothamani Jose, Ajith Kumar & Jayachandran, 2023 Cuapetes rapanui (Fransen, 1987) Cuapetes seychellensis (Borradaile, 1915) Cuapetes suvadivensis (Borradaile, 1915) Cuapetes takedai Okuno, 2012 Cuapetes tenuipes (Borradaile, 1898) Cuapetes uncinatus Bruce, 2012 Cuapetes ungujaensis (Bruce, 1969) Cuapetes yapiensis Bruce, 2013 Dactylonia Fransen, 2002 Dactylonia anachoreta (Kemp, 1922) Dactylonia ascidicola (Borradaile, 1898) Dactylonia borradalei Bruce, 2005 Dactylonia carinicula Bruce, 2006 Dactylonia franseni Bruce, 2003 Dactylonia holthuisi Fransen, 2002 Dactylonia monnioti (Bruce, 1990) Dactylonia okai (Kemp, 1922) Dasella Lebour, 1945 Dasycaris Kemp, 1922 Diapontonia Bruce, 1986 Epipontonia Bruce, 1977 Eupontonia Bruce, 1971 Exoclimenella Bruce, 1995 Exopontonia Bruce, 1988 Fennera Holthuis, 1951 Hamiger Borradaile, 1916 Hamodactyloides Fujino, 1973 钩指虾属 Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952 Hamopontonia Bruce, 1970 Harpiliopsis Borradaile, 1917 Harpilius Dana, 1852 Holthuisaeus Anker & De Grave, 2010 Ischnopontonia Bruce, 1966 Isopontonia Bruce, 1982 Izucaris Okuno, 1999 Jocaste Holthuis, 1952 Laomenes Clark, 1919 Leptomenaeus Bruce, 2007 Lipkebe Chace, 1969 Lipkemenes Bruce & Okuno, 2010 Manipontonia Bruce, Okuno & Li, 2005 Margitonia Bruce, 2007 Mesopontonia Bruce, 1967 Metapontonia Bruce, 1967 Metapontonia fungiacola Bruce, 1967 Metapontonia scorpio Duris & C.-W.Lin, 2016 Miopontonia Bruce, 1985 Miopontonia yongei Bruce, 1985 Neoanchistus Bruce, 1975 Neoclimenes Mitsuhashi, Li & Chan, 2010 Neopericlimenes Heard, Spotte & Bubucis, 1993 Neopontonides Holthuis, 1951 Nippontonia Bruce & Bauer, 1997 Nippontonia ashmoreiensis Bruce, 2014 Nippontonia ashmoriensis Nippontonia christellae Fransen, 2013 Nippontonia minirostris Bruce & Bauer, 1997 Notopontonia Bruce, 1991 Notopontonia platycheles Bruce, 1991 Odontonia Fransen, 2002 Odontonia bagginsi de Gier & Fransen, 2018 Odontonia compacta (Bruce, 1996) Odontonia katoi (Kubo, 1940) Odontonia kerangcaris Fransen, Groenhof & Gier, 2021 Odontonia plurellicola de Gier & Fransen, 2018 Odontonia rufopunctata Fransen, 2002 Odontonia seychellensis Fransen, 2002 Odontonia sibogae (Bruce, 1972) Odontonia simplicipes (Bruce, 1996) Onycocaridella Bruce, 1981 Onycocaridites Bruce, 1987 Onycocaris Nobili, 1904 Onycomenes Bruce, 2009 Orthopontonia Bruce, 1982 拟长臂虾属 Palaemonella Dana, 1852 Paraclimenaeus Bruce, 1988 Paraclimenes Bruce, 1995 Paranchistus Holthuis, 1952 Paratypton Balss, 1914 Patonia Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2006 小岩虾属 Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915 Periclimenella Bruce, 1995 岩蝦屬 Periclimenes O. G. Costa, 1844 Periclimenoides Bruce, 1990 Philarius Holthuis, 1952 Phycomenes Bruce, 2008 Pinnotheronia Marin & Paulay, 2010 Platycaris Holthuis, 1952 Platypontonia Bruce, 1968 Platypontonia brevirostris (Miers, 1884) Platypontonia hyotis Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1971 Platypontonia ngae Fransen, 2024 Plesiomenaeus Bruce, 2009 Plesiomenaeus poorei Bruce, 2009 Plesiopontonia Bruce, 1985 Plesiopontonia monodi Bruce, 1985 Pliopontonia Bruce, 1973 Pontonia Latreille, 1829 Pontonides Borradaile, 1917 Pontoniopsides Bruce, 2005 Pontoniopsis Borradaile, 1915 Poripontonia Fransen, 2003 Propontonia Bruce, 1969 Pseudoclimenes Bruce, 2008 Pseudocoutierea Holthuis, 1951 Pseudopontonia Bruce, 1992 Pseudopontonides Heard, 1986 Pseudoveleronia Marin, 2008 Rapipontonia Marin, 2007 Rostronia Fransen, 2002 Sandimenes Li, 2009 Sandyella Marin, 2009 蓋隱蝦屬 Stegopontonia Nobili, 1906 Tectopontonia Bruce, 1973 Thaumastocaris Kemp, 1922 Tuleariocaris Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1965 Typton O. G. Costa, 1844 Typtonoides Bruce, 2010 Typtonychus Bruce, 1996 Unguicaris Marin & Chan, 2006 Urocaris Stimpson, 1860 Veleronia Holthuis, 1951 Veleroniopsis Gore, 1981 Vir Holthuis, 1952 Waldola Holthuis, 1951 Yemenicaris Bruce, 1997 Zenopontonia Bruce, 1975 Zenopontonia noverca (Kemp, 1922) 帝王虾 Zenopontonia rex (Kemp, 1922)，同模异名：Periclimenes rex Kemp, 1922 Bos AR, Hoeksema BW. Cryptobenthic fishes and co-inhabiting shrimps associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Fungiidae) in the Davao Gulf, Philippines. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2015, 98 (6): 1479–1489. doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0374-0.  Shane T. Ahyong, James K. Lowry, Miguel Alonso, Roger N. Bamber, Geoffrey A. Boxshall, Peter Castro, Sarah Gerken, Gordan S. Karaman, Joseph W. Goy, Diana S. Jones, Kenneth Meland, D. Christopher Rogers & Jörundur Svavarsson. Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772. Z.-Q. Zhang (编). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (PDF) 3148. 2011: 165–191 [2013-02-05]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-05-06） （英语）.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助) Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong; et al. A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109 [2013-02-05]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-06-06）.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) Sammy De Grave. Palaemoninae. WoRMS. 2012 [2012-06-01].  Charles Fransen & Sammy De Grave. Pontoniinae. WoRMS. 2012 [2012-06-01].  Ivan Marin and Sergey Sinelnikov. 2016. Partial Redescription of Pontoniine Shrimps Cuapetes nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915) and Cuapetes seychellensis (Borradaile, 1915) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae: Pontoniinae) with Remarks on Taxonomic Status of Cuapetes Clark, 1919 and Kemponia Bruce, 2004. Zootaxa. 4173(6) DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4173.6.3 Fransen, C.H.J.M. (2002). Taxonomy, phylogeny, historical biogeography, and historical ecology of the genus Pontonia Latreille (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae). Zoologische Verhande lingen. 336: 1-433. Zdeněk Ďuriš and Chia-Wei Lin. 2016. The ‘Scorpion Shrimp’, A New Species of the Genus Metapontonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Taiwan, with New Generic Record from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa. 4138(3) DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.3 Fransen,C. H.J.M. 2013. A New Species of the Sponge-associated Pontoniine Shrimp Genus Nippontonia Bruce & Bauer, 1997 (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) from Sabah, Malaysia. Zootaxa. 3694(4): 343–357. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3694.4.3 Charles H.J.M. Fransen, Mike Groenhof and Werner de Gier. 2021. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., A New Bivalve-associated Shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing Intrageneric Host Switching. Zootaxa. 5081(2); 275-285. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5081.2.6 Charles H.J.M. Fransen. 2024. Platypontonia ngae sp. nov., A New symbiotic Shrimp (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) living inside a boring gastrochaenid bivalve mollusk from the Philippines. Zootaxa. 5476(1); 89-98. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5476.1.11 Bruce, A. J. (1975). Notes on some Indo-Pacific Pontoniinae, XXV. Further observations upon Periclimenes noverca Kemp, 1922, with the designation of a new genus Zenopontonia, and some remarks upon Periclimenes parasiticus Borradaile (Decapoda Natantia, Palaemonidae). Crustaceana. 28: 275-285. 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：長臂蝦科