弯曲菌属

弯曲菌属（學名：Campylobacter），又名曲狀桿菌屬或彎曲桿菌屬，是一種革兰氏阴性细菌的属。曲狀桿菌屬的型態就是折曲了的一般桿菌，呈「逗號」狀或Ｓ字型。 本屬絕大多數物種均為病原体，而且可感染人類及其他動物。家禽是本屬細菌的天然儲積所：人類進食了受彎曲菌污染的肉食亦會同樣受細菌感染致病。另一種感染途徑是接觸過受細菌感染的動物。本屬物種有至少12種可引致人類生病，當中以空肠弯曲菌（C. jejuni）及大腸彎曲菌（英语：Campylobacter coli）（C. coli（英语：Campylobacter coli））最為常見。空肠弯曲菌是腸胃炎的主要成因，即使在已發展國家亦如是。空腸彎曲桿菌感染也可以傳播到艾滋病患者的血液中，而C. lari（英语：Campylobacter lari）是兒童復發性腹瀉的已知原因。胎兒彎曲桿菌（C. fetus（英语：Campylobacter fetus））是造成家牛和綿羊自然流產的其中一種原因，也是人類的機會性病原體。 本屬已被發現屬於唾液微生物組（英语：salivary microbiome）的一種。 綜合各個來源，以下詳列本屬各物種： Campylobacter avium Rossi et al., 2009 加拿大弯曲菌 Campylobacter canadensis Inglis et al., 2007 大肠弯曲菌 Campylobacter coli (Doyle, 1948) Veron & Chatelain, 1973 简明弯曲菌 Campylobacter concisus Tanner et al., 1981 Campylobacter corcagiensis Koziel et al., 2014 Campylobacter cuniculorum Zanoni et al., 2009 屈曲弯曲菌 Campylobacter curvus (Tanner et al., 1984) Vandamme et al., 1991，曲形弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter devanensis 胎兒彎曲桿菌 Campylobacter fetus (Smith & Taylor, 1919) Sebald & Véron, 1963，胚胎弯曲杆菌 胚胎弯曲杆菌胚胎亚种 Campylobacter fetus fetus 胚胎弯曲杆菌性病亚种 Campylobacter fetus venerealis Campylobacter geochelonis Piccirillo et al., 2016 纤细弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter gracilis (Tanner et al., 1981) Vandamme et al., 1995 瑞士弯曲菌 Campylobacter helveticus Stanley et al., 1993 Campylobacter hepaticus Van et al., 2016 人弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter hominis Lawson et al., 2001 猪肠弯曲菌 Campylobacter hyoilei Alderton et al. 1995 豚肠弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter hyointestinalis Gebhardt et al., 1985 空肠弯曲杆菌德莱亚种 Campylobacter jejuni doylei 空肠弯曲杆菌空肠亚种 Campylobacter jejuni jejuni Campylobacter iguaniorum Gilbert et al., 2015 海象弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter insulaenigrae Foster, Holmes, Steigerwalt, Lawson, Thorne, Byrer, Ross, Xerry, Thompson & Collins, 2005 空肠弯曲菌 Campylobacter jejuni (Jones et al., 1931) Veron & Chatelain, 1973 拉尼尔弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter lanienae Logan et al., 2000 海鸥弯曲菌 Campylobacter lari ，红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌UPTC变种 Campylobacter lari UPTC 海鸟弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter laridis Campylobacter lawrenceae 2004 Campylobacter lawsonii Campylobacter majalis Lynch et al. 2022 黏膜弯曲菌 Campylobacter mucosalis (Lawson et al., 1981) Roop et al., 1985，黏膜弯曲杆菌 黄褐弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter mustelae 硝化弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter nitrofigilis Campylobacter ornithocola Cáceres et al., 2017 Campylobacter peloridis Debruyne et al., 2009 Campylobacter pinnipediorum Gilbert et al. 2017 Campylobacter porcelli 幽門螺桿菌 Campylobacter pylori Marshall et al. 1985，幽門彎曲菌，为Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989的异名 直肠弯曲菌 Campylobacter rectus (Tanner et al., 1981) Vandamme et al., 1991，直肠弯曲杆菌 昭和弯曲菌 Campylobacter showae Etoh et al., 1993，昭和弯曲杆菌 唾液弯曲菌 Campylobacter sputorum (Prévot, 1940) Véron & Chatelain, 1973，痰液弯曲杆菌 唾液弯曲杆菌牛生物变种 Campylobacter sputorrum bubulus 唾液弯曲杆菌粪生物变种 Campylobacter sputorrum fecalis Campylobacter subantarcticus Debruyne et al., 2010 Campylobacter suis Lynch et al. 2022 Campylobacter taeniopygiae Bryant et al. 2021 Campylobacter troglodytis Kaur et al. 2023 乌普萨拉弯曲菌 Campylobacter upsaliensis Sandstedt & Ursing, 1991，乌普萨拉弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter ureolyticus (Jackson & Goodman, 1978) Vandamme et al., 2010 Campylobacter vicugnae Campylobacter volucris Debruyne et al., 2010 Campylobacter vulpis Parisi et al. 2021 Vandamme, Peter; Dewhirst, Floyd E.; Paster, Bruce J.; On, Stephen L.W. 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