刺子莞属

刺子莞属（学名：Rhynchospora）是莎草科莎草亚科刺子莞族下的唯一属。该属约有380多种，分布在温带及热带地区，主要是热带美洲。 属名Rhynchospora源于希腊语rhynchos（鸟喙）和spora（种子）的合成词，指瘦果顶端具喙。 刺子莞属为多年生草本植物。该属植物常以丛生的形态生长，茎部呈三棱形或圆柱状。叶片主要基生或沿茎分布，通常为扁平状。 刺子莞属的植物具叶状总苞，基部带有鞘状结构，花序为圆锥形，偶尔呈头状排列。小穗的下部鳞片通常呈二列排列，而上部鳞片则为螺旋状分布。该属植物的雄蕊数量为三枚，花柱较长，基部膨大，并分为两裂的柱头。 刺子莞属的果实为小坚果，扁平且表面具有多样化的花纹或刺状突起。小坚果的顶部有宿存的、膨大的花柱基部，形成喙状结构，通常有下位刚毛。 本属包括以下物种： Rhynchospora aberrans C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora acanthoma A.C.Araújo & Longhi-Wagner Rhynchospora affinis W.Fitzg. Rhynchospora agostiniana T.Koyama 白鳞刺子莞 Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl Rhynchospora albescens (Miq.) Kük. Rhynchospora albiceps Kunth Rhynchospora albida (Nees) Boeckeler Rhynchospora albobracteata A.C.Araújo Rhynchospora albomarginata Kük. Rhynchospora albotuberculata Kük. Rhynchospora almensis D.A.Simpson Rhynchospora amazonica Poepp. ex Kunth Rhynchospora andresii Gómez-Laur. Rhynchospora angolensis Turrill Rhynchospora angosturensis W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora angusta (Gale) Sorrie, LeBlond & Weakley Rhynchospora angustifolia Palla Rhynchospora angustipaniculata M.T.Strong Rhynchospora apagar-holoschoenoides (Rich.) Herter Rhynchospora arenicola Uittien Rhynchospora argentea Standl. Rhynchospora aripoensis Britton Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler Rhynchospora aristata C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora armerioides J.Presl & C.Presl Rhynchospora arrojadii H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora asperula (Nees) Steud. Rhynchospora atlantica W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora aurea Sieber ex Schult., 1824 Rhynchospora austrobahiensis W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora ayangannensis M.T.Strong Rhynchospora bakhuisensis M.T.Strong Rhynchospora baldwinii A.Gray Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth Rhynchospora barrosiana Guagl. Rhynchospora barteri C.B.Clarke, 1894 Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora biflora Boeckeler Rhynchospora blepharophora (J.Presl & C.Presl) H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora boeckeleriana Silva Filho & Boldrini Rhynchospora boivinii Boeckeler Rhynchospora bolivarana Steyerm. Rhynchospora boliviensis C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora boninensis Nakai Rhynchospora boninensis Nakai ex Tuyama Rhynchospora brachychaeta C.Wright Rhynchospora bracteovillosa A.C.Araújo & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora brasiliensis Boeckeler Rhynchospora brevifoliata (Kük.) Greuter & R.Rankin Rhynchospora brevirostris C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora brevirostris Griseb. Rhynchospora breviuscula H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora brittonii Gale 白喙刺子莞 Rhynchospora brownii Roem. & Schult. Rhynchospora brunnea Boeckeler Rhynchospora bucherorum León Rhynchospora buchtienii Palla Rhynchospora bulbosa Vahl Rhynchospora cabecarae Gómez-Laur. Rhynchospora cacuminicola Gale Rhynchospora caduca Elliott Rhynchospora caduciglumis P.Weber & R.Trevis. Rhynchospora caesionus T.Koyama, 1972 Rhynchospora caesionux T.Koyama Rhynchospora cajennensis Boeckeler Rhynchospora calderana D.A.Simpson Rhynchospora calderiana D.A.Simpson Rhynchospora californica Gale Rhynchospora candida (Nees) Boeckeler Rhynchospora capillacea Bojer, 1837 Rhynchospora capillacea Torr. Rhynchospora capillifolia Boeckeler Rhynchospora capitata (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl Rhynchospora caracasana (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora careyana Fernald Rhynchospora cariciformis Nees Rhynchospora carrillensis Gómez-Laur. Rhynchospora castanea T.Koyama Rhynchospora catharinensis Barros Rhynchospora caucasica Palla Rhynchospora cephalantha A.Gray Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl Rhynchospora cephalotoides Griseb. Rhynchospora cernua C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora cernua Griseb. Rhynchospora ceylonica Kunth, 1837 Rhynchospora chalarocephala Fernald & Gale Rhynchospora chapadensis Silva Filho, Thomas & Boldrini Rhynchospora chapmanii M.A.Curtis Rhynchospora chimantensis W.W.Thomas 华刺子莞 Rhynchospora chinensis Nees & Meyen Rhynchospora ciliaris (Michx.) C.Mohr Rhynchospora ciliolata Boeckeler Rhynchospora cinnamomea Boeckeler Rhynchospora colombiensis Boeckeler, 1888 星光草 Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H.Pfeiff.，白鹭莞 Rhynchospora comata (Link) Schult. Rhynchospora comata C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora comata Link, 1827 Rhynchospora compressa J.Carey ex Chapm. Rhynchospora conferta (Nees) Boeckeler Rhynchospora conferta Chapm. ex M.A.Curtis, 1849 Rhynchospora confinis (Nees) C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora confusa Ballard Rhynchospora connata Rhynchospora consanguinea (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora contracta (Nees) J.Raynal Rhynchospora contraligularis W.W Thomas Rhynchospora cordatachenia M.T.Strong Rhynchospora coriifolia Boeckeler Rhynchospora coriifolia Mart. ex Benth. Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) A.Gray 三俭草 Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton Rhynchospora corymhosa (Linnaeus, 1756) Britton Rhynchospora crinigera Boeckeler Rhynchospora crinipes Gale Rhynchospora crispa Gale Rhynchospora croydonensis R.Booth Rhynchospora cubensis A.Rich. Rhynchospora cubensis C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora curtissii Britton Rhynchospora curvula C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora curvula Griseb. Rhynchospora cymosa Nutt., 1818 Rhynchospora davidsei W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora debilis Gale Rhynchospora decurrens Chapm. Rhynchospora dentinux C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora depauperata Palla Rhynchospora depressa (Kük.) Gale Rhynchospora depressirostris M.T.Strong Rhynchospora diodon (Nees) Griseb. Rhynchospora dissitiflora Steud. Rhynchospora dissitiflora Steud. ex Boeckeler Rhynchospora dissitispicula T.Koyama Rhynchospora divaricata (Ham.) M.T.Strong Rhynchospora divergens Chapm. ex M.A.Curtis Rhynchospora dives Standl. Rhynchospora domingensis Urb. Rhynchospora donseclaarii M.T.Strong Rhynchospora donselaarii M.T.Strong Rhynchospora duckei Gross Rhynchospora duidae Steyerm. Rhynchospora durangensis Kral & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora ebracteata (Standl.) H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora eburnea Kral & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora edwalliana Boeckeler Rhynchospora elatior Kunth Rhynchospora elegantula Maury Rhynchospora elliottii A.Dietr. Rhynchospora emaciata (Nees) Boeckeler Rhynchospora enmanuelis Luceño & Rocha Rhynchospora eurycarpa A.C.Araújo & Longhi-Wagner Rhynchospora exaltata C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth Rhynchospora exilis Boeckeler Rhynchospora eximia (Nees) Boeckeler Rhynchospora exserta C.B.Clarke 细叶刺子莞 Rhynchospora faberi C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora fallax Uittien Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl Rhynchospora fascicularis Beyr. ex Kunth, 1837 Rhynchospora fascicularis Nutt., 1818 Rhynchospora fauriei Franch. Rhynchospora fernaldii Gale Rhynchospora filifolia A.Gray Rhynchospora filifolia Torr. Rhynchospora filiformis Vahl Rhynchospora floridensis (Britton ex Small) H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora foliata Steud. Rhynchospora fujiiana Makino Rhynchospora fusca (L.) W.T.Aiton Rhynchospora gageri Britton Rhynchospora galeana Naczi, W.M.Knapp & G.Moor Rhynchospora gigantea C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora gigantea Link 绒刺草 Rhynchospora glauca Baldwin ex A.Gray, nom. illeg. Rhynchospora glaziouvii Boeckeler Rhynchospora glaziovii Boeckeler Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl Rhynchospora gollmeri Boeckeler Rhynchospora gracilenta A.Gray 柔弱刺子莞 Rhynchospora gracillima Thwaites Rhynchospora grandifolia Boeckeler Rhynchospora grayi Kunth Rhynchospora grisebachii Boeckeler ex Urb., 1900 Rhynchospora guaramacalensis M.T.Strong Rhynchospora harleyi Silva Filho, Thomas & Boldrini Rhynchospora harperi Small Rhynchospora harveyi W.Boott Rhynchospora hassleri C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora hatschbachii T.Koyama Rhynchospora heterochaeta S.T.Blake Rhynchospora heterolepis Boeckeler Rhynchospora hieronymi Boeckeler Rhynchospora hildebrandtii Boeckeler Rhynchospora hildebrantii Boeckeler, 1884 Rhynchospora hirsuta (Vahl) Vahl Rhynchospora hirta (Nees) Boeckeler Rhynchospora hirticeps (Kük.) T.Koyama Rhynchospora hispidula C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora hispidula Griseb. Rhynchospora holoschoenoides (Rich.) Herter Rhynchospora hookeri Boeckeler Rhynchospora iberae Guagl. Rhynchospora ierensis C.D.Adams Rhynchospora imeriensis (Kük.) W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora immensa Kük. Rhynchospora inexpansa (Michx.) Vahl Rhynchospora intermedia (Chapm.) Britton Rhynchospora intermixta C.Wright Rhynchospora inundata (Oakes) Fernald Rhynchospora jaliscensis McVaugh Rhynchospora jamaicensis Britton Rhynchospora joveroensis Britton Rhynchospora jubata Liebm. Rhynchospora junciformis (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora killipii Gross Rhynchospora knieskernii J.Carey Rhynchospora kunthii Nees ex Kunth Rhynchospora kunthii Nees, 1834 Rhynchospora lapensis C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora latibracteata Guagl. Rhynchospora latifolia (Baldwin ex Elliott) W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora leae C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora lechleri Boeckeler ex Steud. Rhynchospora legrandii Kük. ex Barros Rhynchospora leptocarpa (Chapm. ex Britton) Small Rhynchospora leptorhyncha C.Wright Rhynchospora leptorrhyncha C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora leucocephala Nees & Meyen, 1834 Rhynchospora leucoloma A.C.Araújo & Longhi-Wagner Rhynchospora leucostachys Boeckeler Rhynchospora limaensis H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora lindeniana C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora lindeniana Griseb. Rhynchospora lindmanii H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora locuples C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora loefgrenii Boeckeler Rhynchospora longa (Lindm.) H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora longibracteata Boeckeler Rhynchospora longiflora C.Presl Rhynchospora longisetis R.Br. Rhynchospora longispicata C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora luetzelburgiana Kük. Rhynchospora lunata C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora macra (C.B.Clarke ex Britton) Small Rhynchospora macrocephala Bocck., 1890 Rhynchospora macrochaeta Steud. Rhynchospora macrochaeta Steud. ex Boeckeler Rhynchospora macrostachya Torr. ex A.Gray Rhynchospora maculata Maury, 1889 Rhynchospora maguireana T.Koyama 馬來刺子莞 Rhynchospora malasica C.B.Clarke，日本刺子莞 Rhynchospora mandonii C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora marcelo-guerrae Luceño & M.Alves Rhynchospora marisculus C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora marisculus Lindl. & Nees Rhynchospora marliniana Naczi, W.M.Knapp & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora marquisensis F.Br. Rhynchospora mayarensis León Rhynchospora megalocarpa A.Gray Rhynchospora megaplumosa E.L.Bridges & Orzell Rhynchospora megapotamica (A.Spreng.) H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora melanocarpa A.C.Araújo & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora mendoncana Boeckeler Rhynchospora metralis C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora mexicana (Liebm.) Steud. Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldwin ex A.Gray Rhynchospora microcephala (Britton) Britton Rhynchospora miliacea (Lam.) A.Gray Rhynchospora millegrana Schrad. ex Steud., 1855 Rhynchospora minor (Nees ex Mart.) Schnee, 1944 Rhynchospora minor Nees Rhynchospora mixta Britton Rhynchospora modesti-lucennoi Castrov. Rhynchospora mollis (Wall.) Schult. Rhynchospora montana (Uittien) H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora nanuzae Rocha & Luceño Rhynchospora nardifolia (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora neesii Steud. Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler Rhynchospora nipensis Britton Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) A.Gray Rhynchospora nivea Boeckeler Rhynchospora nuda Gale Rhynchospora odorata C.Wright ex Griseb. Rhynchospora oligantha A.Gray Rhynchospora oreoboloidea Gómez-Laur. Rhynchospora organensis C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora pallida M.A.Curtis Rhynchospora palustris Boeckeler Rhynchospora panduranganii Viji, Shaju & Geetha Kum. Rhynchospora panicifolia Maury Rhynchospora panicoides Nees ex L.B.Sm. Rhynchospora panicoides Schrad. ex Nees Rhynchospora papillosa W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora paraensis Schrad. ex Kunth Rhynchospora paramora Steyerm. Rhynchospora paranaensis A.C.Araújo & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora patuligluma C.B.Clarke ex Lindm. Rhynchospora pedatifidus Sm. Rhynchospora pedersenii Guagl. Rhynchospora penniscta Griseb., 1866 Rhynchospora perplexa Britton Rhynchospora perrieri Cherm. Rhynchospora pfeifferi Herter Rhynchospora pilosa Boeckeler Rhynchospora pirrensis W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora planifolia (T.Koyama) W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora pleiantha (Kük.) Gale Rhynchospora plumosa Elliott Rhynchospora pluricarpa Pilg. Rhynchospora plusquamrobusta Luceño & M.Martins Rhynchospora polyantha Steud. Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl Rhynchospora polystachys (Turrill) H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora poratenuis Link Rhynchospora praecincta Maury ex Micheli Rhynchospora prenleloupiana Boeckeler, 1888 Rhynchospora prenteloupiana Boeckeler Rhynchospora pruinosa C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora pruinosa Griseb. Rhynchospora pseudolunata C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora pseudomacrostachya Gerry Moore, Guagl. & Zartman Rhynchospora pterocarpa C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora pterochaeta F.Muell. Rhynchospora pubera (Vahl) Boeckeler Rhynchospora pubisquama M.T.Strong Rhynchospora punctata Boeckeler Rhynchospora punctata Elliott Rhynchospora pura (Nees) Griseb. Rhynchospora pusilla Chapm. ex M.A.Curtis Rhynchospora pyramidata C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora racemosa C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora racemosa C.Wright Rhynchospora racemosa C.Wright ex Sauvalle Rhynchospora radicans (Schltdl. & Cham.) H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Elliott Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral Rhynchospora recurvata (Nees) Steud. Rhynchospora reitzii Silva Filho, W.W.Thomas & Boldrini Rhynchospora reptans (Rich.) Kük. Rhynchospora rheophytica W.W.Thomas & Silva Filho Rhynchospora ridleyi C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora riedeliana C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora rigidifolia (Gilly) T.Koyama Rhynchospora rionegrensis P.Weber & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora riparia (Nees) Boeckeler Rhynchospora robusta (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora robusta (Kunth) Schnee, 1944 Rhynchospora roraimae Kük. Rhynchospora rosae W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora rosei W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora rosemariana D.A.Simpson Rhynchospora rostatra C.B.Clarke, 1901 Rhynchospora rostrata Lindm. 刺子莞 Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino Rhynchospora rudis C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale Rhynchospora ruiziana Boeckeler Rhynchospora rupestris A.C.Araújo & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora rupicola M.T.Strong Rhynchospora sampaioana Gross Rhynchospora sanariapensis Steyerm. Rhynchospora sartoriana Boeckeler Rhynchospora saxisavannicola M.T.Strong Rhynchospora scabrata Griseb. Rhynchospora schiedeana Kunth Rhynchospora schmidtii Kük. Rhynchospora schomburgkiana (Boeckeler) T.Koyama Rhynchospora schottmuelleri Boeckeler Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torr.) Griseb. Rhynchospora sclerioides Hook. & Arn. Rhynchospora scutellata Griseb. Rhynchospora seccoi C.S.Nunes, Silva Filho & A.Gil Rhynchospora selloiana Boeckeler, 1873 Rhynchospora sellowiana Steud. Rhynchospora semiinvolucrata J.Presl & C.Presl Rhynchospora serrana Silva Filho, W.W.Thomas & Boldrini Rhynchospora seslerioides Griseb. Rhynchospora setaceae (Rottb.) Boeck., 1871 Rhynchospora setigera (Kunth) Griseb. Rhynchospora shaferi Britton Rhynchospora siguaneana Britton Rhynchospora simplex (Kük.) Kük. Rhynchospora smithii W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora sola Gale Rhynchospora solitaria R.M.Harper Rhynchospora speciosa (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora speciosa Schrad. ex Nees, 1842 Rhynchospora splendens Lindm. Rhynchospora spruceana C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora squamulosa Kük. Rhynchospora stenocarpa Kunth Rhynchospora stenophylla Chapm. Rhynchospora steyermarkii T.Koyama Rhynchospora stipitata C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora stokesii F.Br. Rhynchospora stolonifera (Nees) Boeckeler Rhynchospora stricta Boeckeler Rhynchospora stubelii Boeckeler, 1888 Rhynchospora subdicephala T.Koyama Rhynchospora subimberbis C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora subimberbis Griseb. Rhynchospora sublanata Lindeman & Donsel. 类缘刺子莞 Rhynchospora submarginata Kük. Rhynchospora subplumosa C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora subsetigera H.Pfeiff. Rhynchospora subsetosa C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora subtenuifolia Kük. Rhynchospora subtilis Boeckeler Rhynchospora talamancensis Gómez-Laur. & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora tenella (Nees) Boeckeler Rhynchospora tenerrima C.B.Clarke, 1900 Rhynchospora tenerrima Nees ex Spreng. Rhynchospora tenuifolia Griseb. Rhynchospora tenuis Link Rhynchospora tepuiana Steyerm. Rhynchospora terminalis (Nees) Steud. Rhynchospora testacea Boeckeler Rhynchospora thornei Kral Rhynchospora thyrsoidea Nees & Meyen, 1834 Rhynchospora tomentosa Steyerm. Rhynchospora torresiana Britton & Standl. Rhynchospora torreyana A.Gray Rhynchospora tracyi Britton Rhynchospora trichochaeta C.B.Clarke Rhynchospora trichophora Nees Rhynchospora triflora Vahl Rhynchospora trigyna Hochst. Rhynchospora trispicata (Nees) Schrad. ex Steud. Rhynchospora trispicata Schrad. ex Nees, 1842 Rhynchospora tuerckheimii C.B.Clarke ex Britton Rhynchospora tuerckheimii C.B.Clarke ex Kük. Rhynchospora umbraticola Poepp. & Kunth Rhynchospora unguinux C.S.Nunes & A.Gil Rhynchospora unisetosa T.Koyama Rhynchospora urbanii Boeckeler Rhynchospora velutina (Kunth) Boeckeler Rhynchospora vulcani Boeckeler Rhynchospora warmingii Boeckeler Rhynchospora waspamensis Kral & W.W.Thomas Rhynchospora watsonii (Britton) Davidse Rhynchospora widgrenii Boeckeler Rhynchospora wightiana (Nees) Steud. Rhynchospora wrightiana Boeckeler Rhynchospora zacualtipanensis M.T.Strong Rhynchospora zeylanica Thwaites, 1864 杂交种： Rhynchospora ×hakkodensis Mochizuki 归入本属的物种： Ceratoschoenus longirostris Torr. Ceratoschoenus macrostachys Torr. Dichromena blephanophora Steud., 1855 Dichromena candida Baker Dichromena emarginata Steud., 1855 Dichromena intermedia Schrad. ex Steud., 1840 Dichromena kukenthalii J.F.Macbr., 1929 Dichromena leucocephala Willd. ex Steud., 1840 Dichromena rufidula Steud. Dichromena trachycarpa Steud. Psilocarya nitens Britton, 1888 Psilocarya teneriffae Torr. Liu, Bing; Ye, Jianfei; Liu, Su; Wang, Yuan; Yang, Yong; Lai, Yangjun; Zeng, Gang; Lin, Qinwen. Families and genera of Chinese angiosperms: a synoptic classification based on APG III. Biodiversity Science. 2015, 23 (2): 225–231. doi:10.17520/BIODS.2015052.  Rhynchospora Vahl. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew（英语：Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew）. [2024-10-09].  Li, Bangze; Zhang, Shuren. An updated species checklist and taxonomic synopsis of Cyperaceae in China. Biodiversity Science. 2024, 32 (7): 24106. doi:10.17520/biods.2024106.  Rhynchospora Vahl. GBIF. [2023-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-22）.