加拿大銀行

加拿大銀行（英語：Bank of Canada；法語：Banque du Canada）是加拿大的中央銀行，其依據1934年的《加拿大銀行法案》（英語：Bank of Canada Act）而建立。它自身定位为一家非商业银行，不向公众提供银行服务，而是专门负责国家的货币政策制定、法定货币发行、金融机构监管等事务，以維護加拿大經濟與金融系統之稳定；同时它也是一家由财政部全资拥有的国有公司，但不属于政府部门，与加拿大联邦政府其他部门相比具有相当大的独立性 。 它的總部設於威靈頓街和渥太華下城區銀行街之間的加拿大銀行大廈（英语：Bank of Canada Building）。 1913年，国会正式讨论要建立国家银行，当时国会议员麦克莱恩提出议案，建议在国内建立不受政府控制的私人银行来行使国家银行的职权，然而被总理驳回。总理博登回复：“看不到这样的银行有存在的必要”。 20世纪30年代间，大萧条给加拿大经济带来了沉重打击，而当时加拿大主要是分散的农村经济，地方有大量的社区级别商业银行，对于国家银行的建立呼声很小。 30年代初，政治气候发生了变化。全国现有金融结构的滞后，导致国民收入不景气，引发民间批评声浪。1933年，总理贝内特成立了一个皇家委员会，以研究“整体银行、货币体系制度以及支持或反对建立国家银行机构的依据”。随后皇家委员会结果是支持建立国家银行，总理采纳了其建议，而当时的一份附录报告成为了《加拿大银行法》的框架。 1934年7月3日，政府出台《加拿大銀行法》，不久后获御准。1935年3月，加拿大银行正式成立，并敞开了大门，作为一家民营机构，向公众出售股份。但不久，新政府就出台新法案，要将加拿大银行国有化。 1938年，加拿大银行被国有化，至今仍然是如此。但加拿大银行不是政府的下属部门，其运作有较强的独立性。 加拿大银行的目标为：增進加拿大總體經濟與金融之福祉。 “WHEREAS it is desirable to establish a central bank in Canada to regulate credit and currency in the best interests of the economic life of the nation, to control and protect the external value of the national monetary unit and to mitigate by its influence fluctuations in the general level of production, trade, prices and employment, so far as may be possible within the scope of monetary action, and generally to promote the economic and financial welfare of Canada.” “兹於加拿大设立央行之用意为，在金融措施范畴内为增进加拿大总体经济与金融之福祉，去规范信贷与货币以维护国民经济生活的最高利益，去管控及保护国家货币单位之汇价以及减轻汇价波动对生产，贸易，物价与就业总体水平之影响。” ——《加拿大銀行法案》前言 加拿大银行下设机构有：董事会、管理委员会和高级管理人员。 董事会提供银行的战略规划，以及关于财务会计事务，风险管理，人力资源等内部政策，全面监督银行的管理和行政。 理事会是本行的决策机构。它由行长、常务副行长、和四个副行长组成。它负责货币政策，决定旨在促进健全和稳定的金融体系和银行发展的战略方向。 加拿大銀行以隔夜利率目標作為政策利率。 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：加拿大銀行 加拿大 渥太华 加拿大元 加拿大经济 货币扩张 官方網站 加拿大銀行的X（前Twitter）帳戶 加拿大銀行在Flickr上的页面 《加拿大銀行法案》（Bank of Canada Act）（英文） 《1935年至2010年加拿大经济变化图表》（自加拿大银行建立以来） 《加拿大元的历史》（James Powell著） Frequently Asked Questions 3. Who owns the Bank of Canada?. Bankofcanada.ca. 2017-03-30 [2017-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-20） （美国英语）.  Stephen S. Poloz. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-04） （英语）. Mr. Poloz was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada, effective 3 June 2013, for a term of seven years. As Governor, he is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Bank.  About the Bank. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-03） （英语）. The Bank of Canada is the nation's central bank. We are not a commercial bank and do not offer banking services to the public. Rather, we have responsibilities for Canada's monetary policy, bank notes, financial system, and funds management. Our principal role, as defined in the Bank of Canada Act, is “to promote the economic and financial welfare of Canada.” .The Bank is not a government department and conducts its activities with considerable independence compared with most other federal institutions  引用错误：没有为名为plc的参考文献提供内容 Who Needs a Central Bank?. [2014-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-04）.  A Changing Environment. [2014-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-04）.  加拿大的货币制度与货币政策. [2014-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-27）.  《加拿大银行法案》(Bank of Canada Act) (PDF). 加拿大司法部: 2. 10/08/2008 [2014-07-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-03-29） （英语）. 原文  请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助) Management and Corporate Governance. [2014-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-23）.  Former Governors of the Bank of Canada. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-04） （英语）.  Former Governor (1934 - 1954)-Graham Towers. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-17） （英语）. Mr. Towers was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada on 8 September 1934 and served three 7-year terms, retiring on 31 December 1954.  Former Governor (1955 - 1961)-James Coyne. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-17） （英语）. James Coyne was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada and President of the Industrial Development Bank on 1 January 1955.He resigned from the Bank on 13 July 1961.  Former Governor (1961 - 1973)-Louis Rasminsky. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-17） （英语）. Mr. Rasminsky was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada and President of the Industrial Development Bank in July 1961. He was re-appointed for a second 7-year term in 1968.He resigned from the Bank on 1 February 1973.  Former Governor (1973 - 1987)-Gerald Bouey. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-17） （英语）. Mr. Bouey was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada and President of the Industrial Development Bank on 1 February 1973. He served two 7-year terms, retiring on 1 February 1987.  Former Governor (1987 - 1994)-John Crow. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-17） （英语）. Mr. Crow was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada on 1 February 1987 for a term of seven years.Mr. Crow resigned from the Bank on 1 February 1994 and currently resides in Toronto, Ontario.  Former Governor (1994 - 2001)-Gordon Thiessen. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-15） （英语）. Mr. Thiessen was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada on 1 February 1994, for a term of seven years, retiring on 31 January 2001.  Former Governor (2001 - 2008)-David Dodge. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-15） （英语）. Mr. Dodge, appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada, effective 1 February 2001 for a term of seven years, retired on 31 January 2008. As Governor, he was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Bank.  Former Governor (2008 - 2013)-Mark Carney. Bank of Canada. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-14） （英语）. Mr. Carney was appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada, effective 1 February 2008, for a term of seven years.After five and half years of service as Governor, Mr. Carney departed the Bank of Canada on 1 June 2013 to become the Governor of the Bank of England. He was appointed to this position on 26 November 2012, with an effective date of 1 July 2013.  Understanding our policy interest rate. Bank of Canada. [2022-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-15） （英语）.  Policy interest rate. Bank of Canada. [2022-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-27） （英语）.  加拿大央行加息0.5厘 棄用需要進一步提高息率措辭 - RTHK. news.rthk.hk. 2022-12-07. （原始内容存档于2022-12-07）.  Monetary Policy Report Press Conference Opening Statement. Bank of Canada. 2023-01-25. （原始内容存档于2023-01-27）.  Bank of Canada raises policy rate 25 basis points, continues quantitative tightening. Bank of Canada. 2023-06-07. （原始内容存档于2023-06-21）.  加拿大央行升息1碼 利率升至5%創22年來新高. Anue鉅亨. 2023-07-12. （原始内容存档于2023-07-22）.