左翼集團 (葡萄牙)

左翼集團（葡萄牙語：Bloco de Esquerda，缩写为BE）是葡萄牙的一个左翼政黨，成立於1999年3月24日，由革命社会党（托派政党，第四国际葡萄牙支部）、人民民主联盟（英语：Popular Democratic Union (Portugal)）（马克思主义政党，包含毛派和霍查派）和政治21（英语：Politics XXI）（社会主义政党，分裂自葡萄牙共产党）三个政党组成。 Portal do Bloco de Esquerda - Mesa Nacional elege Comissão Política e Comissão Permanente. Portal do Bloco de Esquerda. 2014-12-01 [2014-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-29）.  March, Luke. Radical left parties in Europe. Routledge. December 2011: 1801. ISBN 9781136578977.  Where is Portugal's Radical Left? – Global Politics. 11 February 2015 [7 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-25）.  {{Citation |first=Derek |last=Wall |title=The Rise of the Green Left: Inside the Worldwide Ecosocialist Movement |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2010 |page=97 Populism Report Q3 2018 (PDF). Foundation for European Progressive Studies. [27 March 2019]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于27 March 2019）.  Portugal's bright outlook offers Europe some hope. Financial Times. 25 August 2019. （原始内容存档于10 December 2022）. The alliance between Mr Costa's Socialist Party (PS) and further left groups such as the anti-establishment Left Bloc was considered tenuous when it was forged in 2015.  含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link) Country profile – Portugal - Euroviews 2014. www.euroviews.eu. [7 January 2018]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-30）.  Risque pays du Portugal : Politique. Société Générale. [11 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-03） （法语）.  Portugal - Political Parties - Elections. perspective.usherbrooke.ca. [11 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-08） （法语）.  Portugal : la coalition de droite conserve le pouvoir. perspective.usherbrooke.ca. 26 October 2015 [11 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-25） （法语）. Deux autres partis de " gauche " étaient en lice pour les élections. Premièrement, le Bloc de gauche, considéré par le journal The Guardian comme étant une version portugaise du parti politique grec anti-austérité Syriza, a récolté 10,2% des suffrages (8).  Portugal, Le paysage politique. BiblioMonde. [2018-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-15） （法语）. BE, le Bloc des gauches (Bloco da Esquerda) : formation regroupant l’extrême gauche portugaise depuis 1999. Influente dans les milieux intellectuels de la capitale, BE a obtenu 2,7% des voix et 3 députés en mars 2002 (soit un siège de plus qu’en 1999). BE comprend notamment l'Union démocratique populaire (União Democràtica Popular), le Parti socialiste révolutionnaire (Partido Socialista Revolucionario ) et Politica XXI. . When the Socialists came to power in 2015, they won the parliamentary support of two left wing parties, the Left Bloc and the Communists.. Reuters. 31 July 2019 [2024-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-02）.  Left Bloc (BE). The Democratic Society. 19 May 2014 [26 August 2018]. （原始内容存档于28 May 2019）. The Left Bloc is the more socially libertarian, and bohemian of Portugal's two far-left structures.  Cunha, Carlos. Few but Pure and Good Members are Preferred to a Mass Party – The Portuguese Communist Party's Continued Orthodoxy. Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe. Hannah Arendt Institute Research on Totalitarianism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 2008 [16 March 2024]. ISBN 978-3525369128.  March, Luke. Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. 2008: 4 [2024-04-05]. ISBN 978-3-86872-000-6. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-09-09）.  As Europe left struggles, Portugal's alliance wins over voters and Brussels. reuters.com. 31 March 2017 [11 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-08） （英语）. The unlikely alliance of center-left Socialists and two far-left parties has overcome deep scepticism since it was formed in 2015, achieving stability and maintaining economic recovery at a time of political uncertainty across Europe.  Portugal PM says open to new alliance with far left. Euronews. 11 July 2019 [2024-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-21）.  EL-Parties Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2016-06-29. Party of European Left.[2018-06-02] Bloco de Esquerda - GUE/NGL - Another Europe is possible. GUE/NGL. [2014-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-01）.  Rui Tavares rompe com o Bloco de Esquerda. Expresso. 2011-06-21 [2018-10-30]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-30）.