雷克斯党

雷克斯党（Rex）是比利时曾经的一个极右翼天主教（英语：Catholic Church and politics）、民族主義、权威主义与社團主義政党，活跃于1935-1945年，由记者莱昂·德格雷勒创立，其名称源自天主教杂志和出版公司Christus Rex（拉丁语意为“基督君王（英语：Christ the King）”）。与当时比利时的其他法西斯政党不同，该党主张比利时统一（英语：Belgian nationalism）和保皇。自创立之时起，该党便在佛兰德和瓦隆尼亚两地开展活动，但从未在瓦隆尼亚和布鲁塞尔以外的地区取得成功。 雷克斯主义最初以意大利法西斯主義和西班牙长枪主义为蓝本，后来向德国纳粹主义靠拢。该党拥护“右翼革命”和天主教会（英语：Catholic Church in Belgium）在比利时的统治地位，但其意识形态遭到樞機范鲁伊（英语：Jozef-Ernest van Roey）的强烈反对，他称雷克斯主义是“对教会和国家的危险”。 雷克斯党在选举中取得的最好成绩为1936年比利时大选（英语：1936 Belgian general election）中赢得了21个众议员席位（共202个，得票率为11.4%）和12个参议员席位。第二次世界大战德国占领比利时（英语：German occupation of Belgium during World War II）期间，雷克斯党是比利时法语区最大的通敌（英语：German occupation of Belgium during World War II）组织，与佛兰德的弗拉芒民族联盟（荷兰语：Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond）（VNV）齐名。比利时解放后，雷克斯党被取缔。 Colignon, Alain. DEGRELLE, Léon (PDF). Biographie Nationale de Belgique VI. Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium: 111–23. 2001 [17 September 2021]. ISSN 0776-3948. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于30 August 2021） （法语）.  FORMATIONS DE COMBAT （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Stanley G. Payne. Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview. Univ of Wisconsin Press. 1984: xiii. ISBN 978-0-299-09804-9.  Badie, Bertrand; Berg-Schlosser, Dirk; Morlino, Leonardo (编). International Encyclopedia of Political Science. SAGE Publications. 7 September 2011 (2011) [9 September 2020]. ISBN 9781483305394. ... fascist Italy ... developed a state structure known as the corporate state with the ruling party acting as a mediator between 'corporations' making up the body of the nation. Similar designs were quite popular elsewhere in the 1930s. The most prominent examples were Estado Novo in Portugal (1932–1968) and Brazil (1937–1945), the Austrian Standestaat (1933–1938), and authoritarian experiments in Estonia, Romania, and some other countries of East and East-Central Europe,  请检查|publication-date=中的日期值 (帮助) Brustein, William (Feb., 1988). The Political Geography of Belgian Fascism: The Case of Rexism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. American Sociological Review. Vol. 53, No. 1. pp. 69-80. Griffin, Roger. The Nature of Fascism. Pinter. 1991: 132.  Wouters, Nico (2018). "Belgium". In Stahel, David (ed.). Joining Hitler's Crusade: European Nations and the Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941. 劍橋大學出版社. pp. 260–287. ISBN 9781316510346. Capoccia, Giovanni. Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 114.  Cook, Bernard A. (2005). Belgium: A History (3rd ed.). Peter Lang. p. 118. The rexist movement in Belgium （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, PhD thesis Martin Conway, 1989, University of Oxford Richard Bonney Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity: the Kulturkampf Newsletters, 1936–1939; International Academic Publishers; Bern; 2009 ISBN 978-3-03911-904-2; pp. 175–176 Brustein, William. The Political Geography of Belgian Fascism: The Case of Rexism. American Sociological Review. February 1988, 53 (1): 69–80. JSTOR 2095733. doi:10.2307/2095733.  Conway, Martin. Collaboration in Belgium: Leon Degrelle and the Rexist Movement 1940–1944. ISBN 0-300-05500-5 de Bruyne, Eddy; Rikmenspoel, Marc. For Rex and For Belgium: Leon Degrelle and Walloon Political & Military Collaboration 1940–45. Helion. 2004. ISBN 1-874622-32-9.  De Wever, Bruno. Catholicism and Fascism in Belgium. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 2007, 8 (2): 343–352. S2CID 219628646. doi:10.1080/14690760701321312.  Littlejohn, David. The Patriotic Traitors: A History of Collaboration in German-occupied Europe, 1940–45. ISBN 0-434-42725-X Streel, José. La révolution du XXème siècle (réédition du livre paru en 1942 à la NSE à Bruxelles), préface de Lionel Baland, Déterna, Paris, 2010. Colignon, Alain. DEGRELLE, Léon (PDF). Biographie Nationale de Belgique VI. Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium: 111–23. 2001 [17 September 2021]. ISSN 0776-3948. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于30 August 2021） （法语）.  维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：雷克斯党