斯坦利·福尔曼里德

斯坦利·福尔曼里德（英語：Stanley Forman Reed，1884年12月31日—1980年4月2日），是美国律师和法学家。他曾在1935年至1938年被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为美國訟務次長，并于1938年至1957年期间担任美国最高法院大法官。 里德于1884年12月31日出生于肯塔基州梅森县，他从肯塔基卫斯理学院（英语：Kentucky Wesleyan College）毕业后，曾就读于哥伦比亚法学院但并未获得法律学位，这使他成为最后一位没有法律学位的最高法院大法官。他于第一次世界大战期间志愿在军队服役，战后里德在肯塔基州梅斯维尔开设了一间律师事务所，并在联邦农业委员会（英语：Federal Farm Board）和复兴金融公司任职，期间他曾被选为肯塔基州众议院议员。1935年，罗斯福总统任命他为总检察长，负责为多项新政政策的合宪性提供咨询。 1938年，乔治·萨瑟兰（英语：George Sutherland）大法官退休后，罗斯福总统成功提名里德为最高法院大法官。他在“史密斯诉奥尔赖特案”、“戈林诉美国案（英语：Gorin v. United States）”、“亚当森诉加利福尼亚案（英语：Adamson v. California）”和“麦科勒姆诉教育委员会案（英语：McCollum v. Board of Education）”等案件中撰写了大量的裁决意见。里德在大法官任内一直任职到1957年退休，之后其席位由查尔斯·埃文斯·惠特克（英语：Charles Evans Whittaker）继任。 Justices 1789 to Present. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States. [2022-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-15）.  Federal Judicial Center: Stanley Forman Reed. 2009-12-12 [2009-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-13）.  Jost, Kenneth. The Supreme Court A to Z. CQ Press. 1993: 428 [2019-01-02]. ISBN 9781608717446. （原始内容存档于2021-05-10）.  Schlesinger, The Age of Roosevelt: The Politics of Upheaval, 1935–1936, 1960. Stark, "Belcher Test Case of Validity of NRA to Be Abandoned," The New York Times, March 26, 1935; Dinwoodey, "New NRA Test Case Covers Basic Issues," The New York Times, April 7, 1935; "Urges High Court to Give 7A Ruling," The New York Times, April 12, 1935; "Map Legal Battle for AAA Program," Associated Press, September 23, 1935; "Reed In Collapse," The New York Times, December 11, 1935. Hoffer, Hoffer, Hull and Hull, The Supreme Court: An Essential History, 2007. Jost, The Supreme Court A-Z, 1998. Supreme Court Nominations (1789-Present). Washington, D.C.: United States Senate. [2022-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-16）.  Wood, "Sutherland Quits Supreme Court 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期July 16, 2019，.," The New York Times, January 6, 1938; "Stanley Reed Goes to Supreme Court 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期July 16, 2019，.," The New York Times, January 16, 1938; "Jackson Is Named Solicitor General," The New York Times, January 28, 1938; "High Court Holds Challenge of NLRB Must Await Board Order Against Company," The New York Times, February 1, 1938. Huston, "High Court Bars Trials By States In Sedition Cases," The New York Times, April 3, 1956; Huston, "High Court Upholds Deportation and Denial of Bail to Alien Reds," The New York Times, March 11, 1952; Stark, "High Court Affirms Non-Red Taft Oath," The New York Times, May 9, 1950; Walz, "Decision Is 6 to 2," The New York Times, June 5, 1951. Huston, "Justice Reed, 72, to Retire From the Supreme Court," The New York Times, February 1, 1957; "Justice Reed Retires From Supreme Court," The New York Times, February 26, 1957. "Federal Judge in Missouri Named to Supreme Court," The New York Times, March 3, 1957. Abraham, Henry J., Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court. 3d. ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). ISBN 0-19-506557-3. Cushman, Clare, The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies,1789–1995 (2nd ed.) (Supreme Court Historical Society), (Congressional Quarterly Books, 2001) ISBN 1-56802-126-7; ISBN 978-1-56802-126-3. Frank, John P., The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions (Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, editors) (Chelsea House Publishers: 1995) ISBN 0-7910-1377-4, ISBN 978-0-7910-1377-9. Martin, Fenton S. and Goehlert, Robert U., The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography, (Congressional Quarterly Books, 1990). ISBN 0-87187-554-3. Urofsky, Melvin I., The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary (New York: Garland Publishing 1994). 590 pp. ISBN 0-8153-1176-1; ISBN 978-0-8153-1176-8. 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：斯坦利·福尔曼里德 Stanley F. Reed Oral History Project, Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries Stanley F. Reed papers. Manuscript Collection, Special Collections, William T. Young Library, University of Kentucky.[永久失效連結] 在Find a Grave上的斯坦利·福尔曼里德