福爾克爾·蒂爾克

福爾克爾·蒂爾克（德語：Volker Türk，1965年—）是一名奧地利律師和聯合國官員，於2022年10月17日起擔任聯合國人權事務高級專員。 蒂爾克出生於林茨，曾獲林茨大學法學碩士學位和維也納大學國際法博士學位。他的博士論文是關於聯合國難民署及其任務，1992年由柏林Duncker & Humblot出版社出版。 1991年，蒂爾克成為聯合國初級專業人員，並在奧地利外交部的資助下在科威特臨時任職。之後，他在馬來西亞、科索沃、波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納以及剛果民主共和國等世界各地區的聯合國難民署擔任各種職務。後來，他成為聯合國難民署日內瓦總部國際法律保護司司長。2015年2月，他被任命為負責保護事務的助理高級專員，成為最高級別的奧地利聯合國官員。 2019年4月18日，秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯任命蒂爾克接替法布里奇奧·霍希爾德·德拉蒙德（Fabrizio Hochschild Drummond），擔任聯合國秘書處秘書長辦公廳主管戰略協調的助理秘書長。 2021年至2022年，蒂爾克在秘書長辦公室擔任主管政策事務副秘書長。 2022年9月8日，在大會投下贊成票後，蒂爾克被選為聯合國人權事務高級專員，接替智利的蜜雪兒·巴舍萊；當時的其他候選人包括費德里科·維勒加斯（英语：Federico Villegas (diplomat)）和阿達馬·迪昂（英语：Adama Dieng）。他於2022年10月17日就職。 2023年4月17日，蒂爾克呼籲俄羅斯當局釋放長期批評克里姆林宮的弗拉基米爾·卡拉-穆爾扎。 蒂爾克說，這項判決是「對俄羅斯聯邦法治和公民空間的另一個打擊」。 2023年5月9日，蒂爾克稱伊朗當年的處決記錄「令人髮指」，平均每周有10多人被絞死，他呼籲伊朗當局廢除死刑。 2024年3月，蒂爾克說他承認「中國在減貧和推動發展方面取得的進步」，並敦促釋放根據尋釁滋事罪被拘留的人權捍衛者、律師和其他人。他也呼籲中國落實2022年聯合國新疆人權報告中的建議。 在以色列—哈瑪斯戰爭期間，蒂爾克稱以色列可能在加薩使用飢餓作為戰爭武器，這將構成戰爭罪。 蒂爾克現居於日內瓦。 2016年5月，蒂爾克被授予格拉茨大學人權獎。 Erika Feller, Volker Türk, Frances Nicholson (eds.): Refugee Protection in International Law. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, ISBN 0-521-53281-7. Heidi Riepl. Volker Türk: From Linz to the Top of the UN. Oberösterreichische Nachrichten. 2015-02-14. （原始内容存档于2016-05-14）.  Volker Türk United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. ohchr.org. [11 September 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-19）.  OHCHR | Volker Türk. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. [2022-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27） （英语）.  Nicholson, Frances; Twomey, Patrick. Refugee Rights and Realities (pdf; 319 kB). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1999: XII [2024-04-21]. ISBN 0-521-63282-X. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-12-08） （英语）.  University of Graz honours UNHCR efforts. Tiroler Tageszeitung. 2016-05-10 [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-17）.  Volker Türk: Assistant Secretary-General for Strategic Coordination, Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG). un.org. [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-20） （英语）.  Mr. Volker Türk of Austria - Assistant Secretary-General for Strategic Coordination in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General. un.org. 18 April 2019 [11 September 2022]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-01）.  Secretary-General António Guterres on Thursday appointed Volker Türk of Austria as the next United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, following approval by the General Assembly. UN News. 8 September 2022 [11 September 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-11）.  Successor to Bachelet - UN appoints new Commissioner for Human Rights. srf.ch. 2022-09-09 [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-10）.  Emma Farge (8 September 2022), Austria's Turk appointed U.N. human rights chief （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Reuters. Türk, Volker. Comment by UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk on sentencing of Vladimir Kara-Murza in Russia. United Nations. [18 April 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-18）.  Iran says it executes four people accused of links to Israel's Mossad. Al Jazeera. 29 December 2023 [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2024-10-07） （英语）. In May, United Nations human rights chief Volker Turk said Iran had an “abominable” track record of executions in 2023 with an average of more than 10 people hanged each week.  Iran: "Frightening" number of executions as Türk calls for end to death penalty. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 9 May 2023 [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-28）.  Türk's global update to the Human Rights Council. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 4 March 2024 [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2024-10-05）. Dialogue between China and my Office continues in areas such as counterterrorism policies, gender equality, minority protection, civic space, and economic, social and cultural rights. As we move forward, it is important that this dialogue yield concrete results, notably in respect of the policy areas raised during the Universal Periodic Review. I recognise China's advances in alleviating poverty and advancing development, and I have urged that these advances be accompanied by reforms to align relevant laws and policies with international human rights standards. During the UPR, China announced plans to adopt 30 new measures for human rights protection, including amendments to the Criminal Law, and revisions of the Criminal Procedure Law. My Office looks forward to engaging with China on this; I particularly encourage revision of the vague offence of “picking quarrels and making trouble” in Article 293 of the Criminal Law, and I urge the release of human rights defenders, lawyers and others detained under such legislation. I also call on the Government to implement the recommendations made by my Office and other human rights bodies in relation to laws, policies and practises that violate fundamental rights, including in the Xinjiang and Tibet regions.  UN rights chief says China committing violations in Xinjiang, Tibet. Reuters. 4 March 2024 [5 March 2024].  Bowen, Jeremy. Gaza starvation could amount to war crime, UN human rights chief tells BBC. BBC. 28 March 2024 [30 March 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-10-02）.  University of Graz awards human rights award. orf.at. 2016-05-13 [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-17）.