濁腭齦擦音

濁腭齦擦音或濁拱齦後擦音（voiced palato-alveolar fricative 或 voiced domed postalveolar fricative）屬齒齦後音，表示為⟨ʒ⟩，是⟨ʃ⟩相应的浊音。 这个音是法语、葡萄牙语、罗马尼亚语、土耳其语的 J 的发音，捷克语、斯洛伐克语、拉脱维亚语、立陶宛语、下索布语的 Ž 的发音，以及波蘭語的 Ż 和某些波兰语方言中 zi 的發音。 英语、德语中，此音通常被拼写为 zh，但主要用于外来词。例如，Zhukovsky（茹科夫斯基）、Brezhnev（勃列日涅夫）和Zhengzhou（郑州）。zhoosh 可能是英语中唯一的含有此音的本族词。 英语中此音也有被拼写为ge，多是来自法语的外来词，例如 genre、garage、prestige以及Baton Rouge。 Cambridge Dictionary Merriam-Webster: How to 'Zhuzh' Up Your Vocabulary. [2021-04-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-19）.  Watson (2002:16頁) Dum-Tragut (2009:18頁) Fougeron & Smith (1993:73頁) Mangold (2005:51頁) Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255頁) Archived copy. [2013-11-18]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-02）.  Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999)，第156頁. Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999:156頁).作者认为/ʒ/是"前腭音, 用舌缘抵着齿槽发音"。这使得发音不清楚，可能是龈后(有点腭化齿龈后)到硬腭音(强腭化齿龈后)。 Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91頁) Medina (2010) Mateus & d'Andrade (2000) Silva (2003:32頁) Guimarães (2004) Dąbrowska (2004:?頁) Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258頁) Argüello, Fanny M. El rehilamiento en el español hablado en la región andina del Ecuador. Lexis. 1980-03-10, 4 (2): 151–155 [2020-12-19]. ISSN 0254-9239. （原始内容存档于2021-02-05） （西班牙语）.  Merrill (2008:108頁) Broderick, George, A Handbook of Late Spoken Manx 3, Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1986, ISBN 3-484-42903-8  Canepari, Luciano, Il MªPi – Manuale di pronuncia italiana [Handbook of Italian Pronunciation], Bologna: Zanichelli, 1992, ISBN 88-08-24624-8 （意大利语）  Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena, European Portuguese, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1995, 25 (2): 90–94, S2CID 249414876, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223  Dąbrowska, Anna, Język polski, Wrocław: wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, 2004, ISBN 83-7384-063-X  Dubisz, Stanisław; Karaś, Halina; Kolis, Nijola, Dialekty i gwary polskie, Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, 1995, ISBN 83-2140989-X  Dum-Tragut, Jasmine, Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009  Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L, French, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1993, 23 (2): 73–76, S2CID 249404451, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874  Goeman, Ton; van de Velde, Hans. Co-occurrence constraints on /r/ and /ɣ/ in Dutch dialects. van de Velde, Hans; van Hout, Roeland (编). 'r-atics. Brussels: Etudes & Travaux. 2001: 91–112. ISSN 0777-3692.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助) Guimarães, Daniela, Seqüências de (Sibilante + Africada Alveopalatal) no Português Falado em Belo Horizonte (PDF), Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2004 [2023-06-16], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-04-07）  Gussenhoven, Carlos; Aarts, Flor, The dialect of Maastricht (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association (University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies), 1999, 29 (2): 155–166 [2023-06-16], S2CID 145782045, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006526, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-10-11）  Mangold, Max, Das Aussprachewörterbuch 6th, Mannheim: Dudenverlag, 2005 [First published 1962], ISBN 978-3-411-04066-7  Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina, Castilian Spanish, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2003, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373   Mateus, Maria Helena; d'Andrade, Ernesto, The Phonology of Portuguese, Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-19-823581-X  Medina, Flávio, Análise Acústica de Sequências de Fricativas Seguidas de [i] Produzidas por Japoneses Aprendizes de Português Brasileiro (PDF), Anais do IX Encontro do CELSUL Palhoça, SC, Palhoça: Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, 2010 [2023-06-16], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-23）  Merrill, Elizabeth, Tilquiapan Zapotec (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2008, 38 (1): 107–114 [2023-06-16], doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344 , （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-16）  Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang, Standard Georgian, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2006, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659   Silva, Thaïs Cristófaro, Fonética e Fonologia do Português: Roteiro de Estudos e Guia de Exercícios 7th, São Paulo: Contexto, 2003, ISBN 85-7244-102-6  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Watson, Janet, The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002