微囊藻屬

微囊菌屬（學名：Microcystis）也称微囊菌屬，是色球藻目藍菌的一屬蓝藻，常見於淡水中，其中包含會造成有害藻華的铜绿微囊菌（Microcystis aeruginosa），其毒素會導致肝臟、膽囊病變。 微囊菌的學名Microcystis來自拉丁文的mikros（小）與kystis（囊狀物）。 如命名所顯示，微囊藻的特徵是小型的細胞，且沒有鞘的包覆。細胞常聚集成大至肉眼可見的群落，本為圓形，但隨細胞數增多會逐漸出現孔洞並變不規則。其原生質體的顏色為淺藍綠色，但充滿氣體的囊泡常會呈暗色，這是在光學顯微鏡下用來鑑別微囊菌的特徵之一。 迄今為止, 全球範圍內報導了約50種。 微囊藻屬包含以下數個物種 ： 銅綠微囊藻 Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing ex Lemmermann 1907，异名：Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing 1833) Otsuka et al. 2001 Microcystis amethystina (Filarszky 1900) Forti 1907 银色微囊藻 Microcystis argentea Schiller 1954 Microcystis biformis (Braun 1879) Bourrelly 1970 放射微囊藻 Microcystis botrys Teiling, 1942 喜石灰岩微囊藻 Microcystis calciphila Schwabe 1947 Microcystis chroococcoidea West and West 1911 Microcystis comperei Komárek 1984 Microcystis complanata Skuja 1964 Microcystis concharum (Hansgirg 1890) Silva 1996 Microcystis delicatissima (West and West 1912) Starmach 1966，基异名：Aphanocapsa delicatissima West and West 1912 Microcystis dimidiata (Kützing 1834) Silva 1996 Microcystis elabens (Brebisson 1843) Kützing 1846 Microcystis elachista (West and West 1894) Compère 1967 Microcystis elongata Desikachary 1959 Microcystis ferruginea Wawrik 1963，为Cyanogranis ferruginea (Wawrik 1963) Hindák 1982的异名 Microcystis floccosa Zalessky 1926 水华微囊藻 Microcystis flosaquae (Wittrock et al. 1879) Kirchner 1898 Microcystis halophila Martens and Pankow 1972 鳞状微囊藻 Microcystis ichthyoblabe (Kunze 1823) Kützing 1843 不定微囊藻 Microcystis incerta (Lemmermann 1899) Lemmermann 1903 滨海微囊藻 Microcystis litoralis (Hansgirg 1892) Aboal 1988 Microcystis livida Meneghini 1842 边缘微囊藻 Microcystis marginata (Meneghini 1837) Kützing 1846，为Anacystis marginata Meneghini 1837的异名 Microcystis montigena Hoffmann, 1986 Microcystis novacekii (Komárek 1958) Compère, 1974 Microcystis ochracea (Brand 1898) Lemmermann, 1907 Microcystis ovalis Hollenberg 1939 Microcystis packardii (Farlow 1879) Tilden 1910 Microcystis panniformis Komárek et al. 2002 Microcystis protocystis Crow, 1923 Microcystis protogenita Rabenhorst, 1865 假丝状微囊藻 Microcystis pseudofilamentosa Crow 1923 Microcystis rosea Kufferath 1942 Microcystis roseopersicinus (Kützing 1845) West 1904 Microcystis salina (Woronichin 1929) Elenkin 1938 Microcystis salinarum (Hansgirg 1887) Silva 1996 Microcystis splendens Hollenberg 1939 史密斯微囊藻 Microcystis smithii Komárek and Anagnostidis 1995 Microcystis stagnalis (Lemmermann 1900) Lemmermann 1903 热微囊藻 Microcystis thermalis Yoneda 1938 緑色微囊藻 Microcystis viridis (Braun 1865) Lemmermann 1903 Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek 1958) Komárek ex Komárek 2006 Microcystis zanardinii (Hauck 1877) Silva 1996 Chroococcales. EOL. [24 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-29）.  Cyanobacteria: Microcystis. The Silica Secchi Disk. Connecticut College: The SilicaSecchi Disk. [24 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2008年3月26日）.  Taxonomy Browser Genus: Microcystis. Taxonomy Browser Genus: Microcystis. AlgaeBase. [24 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-15）.  浙江省环境监测中心生态监测与评价研究所 晁爱敏 于海燕 魏铮，中国淡水微囊藻的一个新记录种 Skuja H. Grundzüge der Algenflora und Algenvegetation der Fjeldgegenden um Abisko in Schwedisch-Lappland. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Series 4 1964; 18:1-465. Compère P. [Title pending]. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belgique 1967; 37:141. Martens B, Pankow H. Taxonomische Bemerkungen zu einigen Algen aus den Boddengewässern des Darss und des Zingst (südliche Ostsee). Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 1972; 57:779-800. Aboal M. Aportación al conocimiento de las algas epicontinentales del sudeste de España. III: Cianofíceas (Cyanophyceae Schaffner 1909). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 1988; 45:22. Hoffmann L. Cyanophycées aériennes et subaériennes du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 1986; 56:89.