退伍軍人桿菌屬

军团菌是一类革兰氏阴性菌，包括造成退伍軍人症的嗜肺军团菌。 军团菌在許多環境中都很常见，已确定的至少有50个種和70個血清型。该属菌細胞壁取代基所攜帶的基团标识了其体抗原。這些取代基的化學构成，包括其成分的不同以及糖原的不同排列方式，決定了其表面體抗原或是O-抗原的性质，而這正是血清學中对許多革兰氏阴性菌分類的基本手段。 军团菌的名字源於1976年7月在費城爆发的一种“神秘疾病”，该病共造成221人患病，34人死亡，患者大都为美國退伍軍人，因而被冠名為退伍軍人症。退伍軍人症被廣泛宣傳而造成一定程度的恐慌。1977年1月18日，该病的病原體被確定為一种不為人知的細菌，隨後被命名為军团菌。 本属包括以下物种： Legionella adelaidensis Benson et al. 1991 Legionella anisa Gorman et al. 1985 Legionella beliardensis Lo Presti et al. 2001 伯明翰军团菌 Legionella birminghamensis Wilkinson et al. 1988 Legionella bozemanae (Garrity et al. 1980) Brenner et al. 1980，也拼作：Legionella bozemanii Legionella brunensis Wilkinson et al. 1989 Legionella busanensis Park et al. 2003 Legionella cardiaca Pearce et al. 2012 Legionella cherrii Brenner et al. 1985 辛辛那提军团菌 Legionella cincinnatiensis Thacker et al. 1989 Legionella drancourtii La Scola et al. 2004 Legionella dresdenensis Lück et al. 2010 Legionella drozanskii Adeleke et al. 2001 Legionella dumoffii Brenner et al. 1980 Legionella erythra Brenner et al. 1985 Legionella fairfieldensis Thacker et al. 1991 Legionella fallonii Adeleke et al. 2001 Legionella feeleii Herwaldt et al. 1984 Legionella geestiana Dennis et al. 1993 Legionella gormanii Morris et al. 1980 Legionella gratiana Bornstein et al. 1991 Legionella gresilensis Lo Presti et al. 2001 Legionella hackeliae Brenner et al. 1985 Legionella impletisoli Kuroki et al. 2007 Legionella israelensis Bercovier et al. 1986 詹姆斯敦军团菌 Legionella jamestowniensis Brenner et al. 1985，指美国纽约詹姆斯敦 Legionella jordanis Cherry et al. 1982 Legionella lansingensis Thacker et al. 1994 Legionella londiniensis Dennis et al. 1993 Legionella longbeachae McKinney et al. 1982 Legionella lytica (Drozanski 1991) Hookey et al. 1996 Legionella maceachernii Brenner et al. 1985 马略卡岛军团菌 Legionella maioricensis Crespi et al. 2023 Legionella massiliensis Campocasso et al. 2012 Legionella micdadei (Garrity et al. 1980) Hébert et al. 1980 Legionella moravica Wilkinson et al. 1989 长崎军团菌 Legionella nagasakiensis Yang et al. 2012 Legionella nautarum Dennis et al. 1993 Legionella norrlandica Rizzardi et al. 2015 Legionella oakridgensis Orrison et al. 1983 Legionella parisiensis Brenner et al. 1985 匹兹堡军团菌 Legionella pittsburghensis Pasculle et al. 1980，为Legionella micdadei (Garrity et al. 1980) Hébert et al. 1980的异名 退伍軍人症嗜肺桿菌 Legionella pneumophila Brenner et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980) Legionella qingyii Wu et al. 2019 Legionella quateirensis Dennis et al. 1993 Legionella quinlivanii Benson et al. 1990 Legionella resiliens Legionella rowbothamii Adeleke et al. 2001 Legionella rubrilucens Brenner et al. 1985 Legionella sainthelensi Campbell et al. 1984 Legionella santicrucis Brenner et al. 1985 Legionella saoudiensis Bajrai et al. 2016 Legionella septentrionalis Li et al. 2021 Legionella shakespearei Verma et al. 1992 Legionella spiritensis Brenner et al. 1985，种名指美国俄勒冈州圣海伦火山附近的Spirit湖 Legionella steelei Edelstein et al. 2012 Legionella steigerwaltii Brenner et al. 1985 Legionella taurinensis Lo Presti et al. 1999 Legionella thermalis Ishizaki et al. 2016 Legionella tucsonensis Thacker et al. 1990 Legionella tunisiensis Campocasso et al. 2012 Legionella wadsworthii Edelstein et al. 1983 Legionella waltersii Benson et al. 1996 Legionella worsleiensis Dennis et al. 1993 Legionella yabuuchiae Kuroki et al. 2007 殺菌劑 環境微生物學 醫院感染 Crespi S, Drasar V, Salva-Serra F, Jaen-Luchoro D, Pineiro-Iglesias B, Lindemann PC, Aliaga-Lozano F, Fernandez-Juarez V, Coll-Garcia G, Moore ERB, et al. Legionella maioricensis sp. nov., a new species isolated from the hot water distribution systems of a hospital and a shopping center during routine sampling. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5686. Cristino, S.; Pascale, M.R.; Marino, F.; Derelitto, C.; Salaris, S.; Orsini, M.; Squarzoni, S.; Grottola, A.; Girolamini, L. Characterization of a Novel Species of Legionella Isolated from a Healthcare Facility: Legionella resiliens sp. nov. Pathogens 2024, 13, 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030250 CDC Division of bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Legionellosis Directors of Health Promotion and Education page on Legionellosis European Working Group for Legionella Infections Legionnaires' disease outbreaks 世界卫生组织 军团病 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - Procedure for Cleaning Cooling Towers and Related Equipment |(pages 239 and 240 of 249) Cooling Technology Institute - Best Practices for Control of Legionella California Energy Commission （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - Cooling Water Management Program Guidelines For Wet and Hybrid Cooling Towers at Power Plants ASHRAE Guideline （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Guidelines for Control of Legionella in Ornamental Fountains