柔膜菌目

柔膜菌目（學名：Helotiales）是子囊菌門錘舌菌綱的一個目。截至2008年，柔膜菌目下有十個科，包含約500個屬，共約4000種物種。柔膜菌目物種的子實體多為盤狀或杯狀的子囊盤（apothecia），多數物種在土壤或腐木上行腐生生長。形成杜鵑花類菌根（英语：Ericoid mycorrhiza）的真菌多屬於此目。另外此目也包含桃褐腐病菌（英语：Monilinia fructicola）、核盤菌（英语：Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）等植物病原菌。 本科包括以下属： Amicodiscaceae 无形囊菌科 Amorphothecaceae Arachnopezizaceae 展盘菌科 Ascocorticiaceae Bloxamiaceae Bryoglossaceae Bryoclaviculus P.R.Johnst., 2013 Bryoclaviculus campylopi L.Ludw., P.R.Johnst. & Steel, 2013 Bryoglossum Redhead Neocudoniella S.Imai 胶陀螺菌科 Bulgariaceae Calloriaceae Cenangiaceae Chlorociboriaceae Brahmaculus P.R.Johnst., 2021 Chlorociboria Seaver ex C.S.Ramamurthi, Korf & L.R.Batra Dothiorina F.von Höhnel, 1911 Helvella Chlorospleniaceae Chlorosplenium Fr. Chrysodiscaceae Chrysodisca Baral, Polhorský & G.Marson, 2019 耳盘菌科 Cordieritidaceae 皮盘菌科 Dematiaceae 暗色孢科 Dermateaceae Discinellaceae 偏盘菌科 Drepanopezizaceae Erysiphaceae 胶盘菌科 Gelatinodiscaceae 长孢盘菌科 Godroniaceae Hamatocanthoscyphaceae 柔膜菌科 Helotiaceae 貧盤菌科 Hemiphacidiaceae Heterosphaeriaceae 晶杯菌科 Hyaloscyphaceae Hydrocinaceae Hyphodiscaceae 粒毛盘菌科 Lachnaceae Leptodontidiaceae 长毛球壳科 Loramycetaceae Medeolariales Mitrulaceae Mollisiaceae 黏毛菌科 Myxotrichaceae Neocrinulaceae Neolauriomycetaceae Patellariopsidaceae Pezizellaceae Actinoscypha P.Karst. Allophylaria (P.Karst.) P.Karst. Antinoa Velen. Austropezia Spooner, 1987 Bloxamiella W.P.Wu & Y.Z.Diao, 2023 Calloriella Höhn. Calycellina Höhn. Calycina Nees ex Gray Carneopezizella Svrček Chaetochalara B.Sutton & Piroz. Chalara Cryptosympodula G.J.M.Verkley, 1999 Cylindrocephalum Bonord. Cystopezizella Svrček Dendrotrichoscypha Svrček Eubelonis Höhn. Gemmina Raitv., 2004 Micropeziza Fuckel Mollisina Höhn. ex Weese Mollisinopsis W.-R.Arendholz & R.Sharma, 1984 Moserella Pöder & Scheuer Nagrajchalara W.P.Wu & Y.Z.Diao, 2023 Neochalara Crous, 2021 Parachalara W.P.Wu & Y.Z.Diao, 2023 Parthenope Velen. Pezizella Fuckel Phaeoscypha Spooner Phialina Höhn. Poculinia B.M.Spooner, 1987 Psilachnum Höhn. Rodwayella Spooner Rubropezicula Ekanayaka & K.D.Hyde, 2019 Septopezizella Svrček Setoscypha Tapesina Lambotte Velutaria Fuckel Weinmannioscyphus Svrček Xiambola D.W.Minter & V.Holubová-Jechová, 1981 Zymochalara Guatimosim, R.W.Barreto & Crous Pleuroascaceae Ploettnerulaceae Porodiplodiaceae 蜡盘菌科 Rutstroemiaceae 核盘菌科 Sclerotiniaceae Solenopeziaceae Lasiobelonium Ellis & Everh. Solenopezia Sacc. Sponheimeria Trichopezizella Dennis ex Raitv. Tricladiaceae Cudoniella Sacc. Geniculospora Sv.Nilsson ex Marvanová & Sv.Nilsson Graddonia Dennis Halenospora Helotium Pers. Mycofalcella Marvanová, Om-Kalth. & J.Webster Spirosphaera Beverw. Tricladium Ingold Vandijckellaceae Vandijckella 水盤菌科 Vibrisseaceae 科的地位未定的属： Acidomelania E.Walsh & N.Zhang, 2014 Adelodiscus H.Sydow, 1931 Algincola Velen. Amylocarpus Curr., 1859 Angelina Anulosporium Aphanodesmium Apiculospora Wijayaw., Camporesi, A.J.L.Phillips & K.D.Hyde, 2016 狼尾草尖孢 Apiculospora penniseti A.Karunarathna & C.H Kuo Apiculospora spartii Wijayaw., W.J.Li, Camporesi, A.J.L.Phillips & K.D.Hyde Aquapoterium Raja & Shearer, 2008 Ascographa Velenovský, 1934 Ascoverticillata Atrocybe Velen. Bactrexcipula Bagnisimitrula S.Imai, 1942 Benguetia H.Sydow & P.Sydow, 1917 Blastosporium Z.F.Yu & H.Zheng, 2019 Bruneaudia O.Kuntze, 1898 Caesiodiscus Holien & Suija, 2021 Capricola Velen. Catinula Lév. Chloroepilichen Chlorospleniella P.Karst. Chondroderris Maire, 1937 Chytrella Ciliella P.A.Saccardo & Sydow, 1902 Coeloanguillospora Colipila Baral & Guy Garcia, 2012 Comesia P.A.Saccardo, 1884 Coniothecium Corda, 1833 Cornuntum Velen. Criserosphaeria Spegazzini, 1912 Cryptocline Petr. Cryptopezia F.von Höhnel, 1919 Cystotricha Berk. & Broome Dactylaria Sacc., 1880 Davincia Dawsicola P.Döbbeler, 1981 Dermateopsis Nannfeldt, 1932 Desmopatella Discomycella F.von Höhnel, 1912 Echinodiscus Etayo & Diederich Favraea P.A.Saccardo, 1881 Fulvoflamma Gloeotrochila Petr. Goniopila Marvanová & Descals Hemiglossum Patouillard, 1890 Hemimollisia Baral Humicolopsis Cabral & S.Marchand, 1976 Hymenobolus Durieu & Mont. Hyphoscypha Velen. Hypnotheca Tommerup, 1970 Involucroscypha Raitv. 聚盘菌属 Ionomidotis E.J.Durand Lagerbergia Lagerheima Larissia A.Raitviir, 2008 Lasseria R.W.Dennis, 1960 Lemalis Fr. Leptobelonium Leptodophora Koukol & Maciá-Vicente, 2022 Libartania T.R.Nag Raj, 1979 Livia Velen. Lobularia Velen. Malotium Velen. Masseea Sacc. Melachroia Melanopeziza Velen. Melanormia Körber, 1865 Melittiosporium Corda, 1838 Merodontis F.E.Clements, 1909 Micraspsis G.D.Darker, 1963 Microdiscus P.A.Saccardo, 1916 Microspora Velenovský, 1934 Mirandina G.Arnaud ex Matsush. Mirandina G.Arnaud, 1952 地杖菌属 Mitrula Monochaetiellopsis B.C.Sutton & F.DiCosmo, 1977 Muscia K.Gizhitskaya, 1929 Mycolecidea P.A.Karsten, 1888 Mycomelanea Velen. Mycopandora Myriodiscus Boedijn Neo-Naumovia S.R.Schwarzman, 1959 Neoechinodiscus Molinari & R.Sierra Neozythia Petrak, 1958 Nothomitra Maas Geest. Obconicum Velen. Obscurodiscus Raitv. Orbiliopsis (Sacc. & D.Sacc.) Syd. & P.Syd. Orbiliopsis Velenovský, 1934 Pachycudonia Peltigeromyces A.Møller, 1901 Pezolepis H.Sydow, 1925 Pezomela H.Sydow, 1928 Pezomela saxegothaeae Syd. Phaeopyxis Phyllopezis Petrak, 1949 Physmatomyces Rehm, 1900 Placopeziza F.von Höhnel, 1916 Pleiopatella Rehm, 1908 Pleurophragmium Costantin Podobelonium Polydiscina H.Sydow, 1930 Potridiscus Pseudolachnum Velenovský, 1934 Pseudopeltis L.Holm & K.Holm Pseudotapesia Velen. Pseudotryblidium Psilophana H.Sydow, 1939 Psilothecium F.E.Clements, 1903 Pteromyces E.Bommer, M.Rousseau & Sacc. Queirozia Viégas & Cardoso Radotinea Velenovský, 1934 Rhexocercosporidium U.Braun, 1994 Rhexocercosporidium bellocense (C.Massal. & Sacc.) Crous, J.Kruse & U.Braun Rhexocercosporidium camporesii Phutthacharoen & K.D.Hyde, 2021 Rhexocercosporidium carotae (Årsvoll) U.Braun Rhexocercosporidium panacis Reeleder Rhexocercosporidium senecionis Phutthacharoen & K.D.Hyde Rhizocladosporium Crous & U.Braun, 2007 Rhodesia Grove Rhytidhysterion Spegazzini, 1881 Riedera E.M.Fries, 1849 Rimula Velenovský, 1934 Robincola Velen. Roburnia Velen. Sambucina Velen. Sarcomyces Massee, 1891 Scelobelonium Schnablia Saccardo & P.Sydow, 1899 Scutulopsis Velenovský, 1934 Sinocalloriopsis Sinofavus W.Y. Zhuang, 2008 Sinofavus allantosporus W.Y.Zhuang & T.Bau, 2008 Solanella J.Vañha, 1910 Sorokina Sacc. Sorokinella J.Fröhlich & K.D.Hyde, 2000 Stegopeziza Stilbopeziza Spegazzini, 1908 Tanglella F.von Höhnel, 1918 Thedgonia B.Sutton Themisia Velen. Tiarosporella Höhn., 1919 Tovariella H.Sydow, 1930 Trichohelotium Killerm. 三枝孢属 Triposporium Urceola Quélet, 1886 Vestigium Piroz. & Shoemaker, 1972 Volucrispora Haskins Waltonia Saho, 1970 Woodiella P.A.Saccardo & P.Sydow, 1899 Zugazaea R.P.Korf, T.Iturriaga & P.Lizon, 1998 真菌主题 Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. Outline of Ascomycota – 2007. Myconet (Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany). December 2007, 13: 1–58. （原始内容存档于2009-03-18）.  Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 2008: 310. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.  John F. Walker, Laura Aldrich-Wolfe, Amanda Riffel, Holly Barbare, Nicholas B. Simpson, Justin Trowbridge and Ari Jumpponen. Diverse Helotiales associated with the roots of three species of Arctic Ericaceae provide no evidence for host specificity 191. New Phytologist: 515–527. 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03703.x.  Johnston P. R.,Steel J. B.,Park D.Ludwig L. R.．A bryophilous member of the Leotiomycetes from New Zealand, Bryoclaviculus campylopi gen. et sp nov.[J]．New Zealand Journal of Botany,2013,51(4):321-327 Ekanayaka, A. H.; Hyde, K. D.; Gentekaki, E.; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Zhao, Q.; Bulgakov, T. S.; Camporesi, E. (2019). Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere. 10(1): 310-489. Phutthacharoen,Kunthida,Chethana,K. W. Thilini,Phookamsak,Rungtiwa,et al. Rhexocercosporidium camporesii sp. nov. (Ploettnerulaceae, Helotiales) from Italy[J]. PHYTOTAXA,2021,482(1):14-24.