唐納爾遜堡之戰

唐納爾遜堡之戰（英語：Battle of Fort Donelson）是指1862年2月11日至2月16日期間，在美國南北戰爭西部戰線（英语：Western theater of the American Civil War）爆發的戰役，也是南北戰爭最重要的戰役之一。北方的聯邦軍隊佔領在田納西州和肯塔基州邊界附近、坎伯蘭河沿岸的南方邦聯防禦工事——唐納爾遜堡（Fort Donelson），得以控制坎伯蘭河的道路，並成為入侵美國南方的重要通道。由於聯邦軍在這次戰役中贏得勝利，迫使美利堅邦聯放棄田納西州和肯塔基州的部分地區（包括納許維爾等地）。原先默默無聞的准將（英语：Brigadier general (United States)）尤利西斯·格蘭特也因為領導軍隊而提升地位。其後格蘭特晉升成為少將，並且因而獲得「無條件·投降·格蘭特」的綽號。 Cooling, Benjamin Franklin. The Campaign for Fort Donelson. National Park Service Civil War series. Fort Washington, PA: U.S. National Park Service and Eastern National, 1999. ISBN 1-888213-50-7. Cooling, Benjamin Franklin. Fort Donelson's Legacy: War and Society in Kentucky and Tennessee, 1862–1863. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997. ISBN 0-87049-949-1. Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5. Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. OCLC 5890637. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the West Point website. Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 1, Fort Sumter to Perryville. New York: Random House, 1958. ISBN 0-394-49517-9. Hamilton, James J. "The Battle of Fort Donelson." The Journal of Southern History 35.1 (1969): 99–100. JSTOR. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. Gott, Kendall D. Where the South Lost the War: An Analysis of the Fort Henry—Fort Donelson Campaign, February 1862. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8117-0049-6. Kennedy, Frances H., ed. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. ISBN 0-395-74012-6. Knight, James R. The Battle of Fort Donelson: No Terms but Unconditional Surrender. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011. ISBN 978-1-60949-129-1. Knight, James R. "Nothing but God Almighty Can Save That Fort." Civil War Trust website, accessed March 21, 2015. McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-19-503863-0. Nevin, David, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. The Road to Shiloh: Early Battles in the West. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1983. ISBN 0-8094-4716-9. Simpson, Brooks D. Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822–1865. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000. ISBN 0-395-65994-9. Stephens, Gail. The Shadow of Shiloh: Major General Lew Wallace in the Civil War. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-87195-287-5. Woodworth, Steven E. Nothing but Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861–1865. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. ISBN 0-375-41218-2. National Park Service battle description 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：唐納爾遜堡之戰 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：唐納爾遜堡之戰 Battle of Fort Donelson: Battle Maps, histories, photos, and preservation news (Civil War Trust) Animated history of the Battles of Forts Henry and Donelson Newspaper coverage of the Battle of Fort Donelson 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期June 8, 2010，. paintings of Fort Donelson Battlefield 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期March 7, 2016，. Battles for Forts Henry, Heiman & Donelson BATTLE OF FORT DONELSON （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） American Civil War: Battle of Fort Donelson 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期September 6, 2015，. The Battle of Fort Donelson, Tennessee （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Battle of Fort Donelson （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Battle of Fort Donelson: Brief Summary of Location, Strategies, and Casualties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Battle of Fort Donelson – Bombardment （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Siege of Fort Donelson, 12–16 February 1862 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）