萊什聯盟

萊什聯盟（阿爾巴尼亞語：Lidhja e Lezhës）是指在1444年3月2日至1479年4月25日之間，阿爾巴尼亞諸親王國（英语：Albanian principalities）貴族（英语：Albanian nobility）在列澤締結的軍事和外交聯盟。萊什聯盟被認為是中世紀（英语：Albania in the Middle Ages）第一個統一且獨立的阿爾巴尼亞人國家。其中在斯坎德培的號召下，以斯坎德培為首的阿爾巴尼亞和塞爾維亞地區酋長和貴族聯合起來，主要目的在於對抗試圖入侵當地（英语：Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479)）的鄂圖曼帝國征服者。萊什聯盟的支持者包括拿坡里王國、匈牙利王國、威尼斯共和國、教宗國等。 Adrian Brisku. Bittersweet Europe: Albanian and Georgian Discourses on Europe, 1878–2008. Berghahn Books. 30 August 2013: 21. ISBN 978-0-85745-985-5.  Babinger, Franz. Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. 1992: 54. ISBN 0-691-01078-1. （原始内容存档于2016-05-18）. ... a solid military alliance was concluded among all the Albanian chieftains along the Adriatic coast from southern Epirus to the Bosnian border.  ((Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë)); K. Prifti; Xh. Gjeçovi; M. Korkuti; G. Shpuza; S. Anamali; K. Biçoku; F. Duka; S. Islami; S. Naçi; F. Prendi; S. Pulaha; P. Xhufi, Historia e Popullit Shqiptar (Vëllimi I), Tirana, Albania: Toena, 2002, ISBN 99927-1-622-3 （阿尔巴尼亚语）  Syla, Sabit. Introduction [Hapja]. Syla, Sabit; Verli, Marenglen; Asani, Skënder; Berisha, Gjon (编). Gjergj Kastrioti - Skënderbeu në 550-vjetorin e vdekjes: (materiale nga Konferenca shkencore ndërkombëtare "Gjergj Kastrioti - Skënderbeu në 550-vjetorin e vdekjes", mbajtur në Prishtinë, më 16 tetor 2018) (PDF). Institute of history "Ali Hadri". 2019 [2023-12-11]. ISBN 978-9951409803. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-23） （Albanian）.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link) Barletius, Marinus, Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarum Principis, Bernardinus de Vitalibus, 1508, OCLC 645065473 （拉丁语）  Božić, Ivan. Nemirno pomorje XV veka. Belgrade: Srpska književna zadruga. 1979 [12 February 2012]. OCLC 5845972 （塞尔维亚语）.  Fine, John Van Antwerp, The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, University of Michigan Press, 1994 [2023-12-11], ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5, （原始内容存档于2023-01-15）  Francione, Gennaro, Aliaj, Donika , 编, Skënderbeu, një hero modern: (Hero multimedial) [Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)], Translated by Tasim Aliaj, Tiranë, Albania: Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri", 2006 [2003] [2023-12-11], ISBN 99927-38-75-8, （原始内容存档于2017-11-07） （阿尔巴尼亚语）  Frashëri, Kristo, The history of Albania: a brief survey, s.n., 1964, OCLC 1738885  Frashëri, Kristo, Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra, 1405–1468, Botimet Toena, 2002 [2023-12-11], ISBN 99927-1-627-4, （原始内容存档于2023-04-12） （阿尔巴尼亚语）  Housley, Norman, The later Crusades, 1274–1580: from Lyons to Alcazar, Oxford University Press, 1992, ISBN 978-0-19-822136-4  Nicol, Donald MacGillivray, The last centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453, Cambridge University Press, 1993 [2023-12-11], ISBN 978-0-521-43991-6, （原始内容存档于2023-07-09）  Noli, Fan Stilian, George Castrioti Scanderbeg (1405-1468), International Universities Press, 1947, OCLC 732882  Schmitt, Oliver Jens, Das venezianische Albanien (1392–1479), München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München, 2001, ISBN 3-486-56569-9  Sedlar, Jean W., A history of East Central Europe: East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500, University of Washington Press, 1994 [2023-12-11], ISBN 978-0-295-97290-9, （原始内容存档于2023-04-12）  Setton, Kenneth M., The papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, American Philosophical Society, 1976, ISBN 978-0-87169-127-9  '