卡西酮衍生物

卡西酮的衍生物包括许多兴奋剂和娱乐性毒品，通常带有一个苯乙胺的核心结构和α-碳原子上的烷基基团、β-碳原子的羰基基团，以及其它取代基。卡西酮存在于天然植物巧茶中，中东地区的人常咀嚼它的叶子作为消遣药物。 其衍生物可以通过在卡西酮分子的四个位置进行置换来产生： R1 = 氢、一种或多种烷基、烷氧基、烷二氧基、卤代烷基或卤原子 R2 = 氢或任意烷基 R3 = 氢、任意烷基或环状结构 R4 = 氢、任意烷基或环状结构 下表列出了已有报导的衍生物： 苯乙胺衍生物 Meltzer PC, Butler D, Deschamps JR, Madras BK. 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogues: a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2006 Feb 23;49(4):1420-32. PMID 16480278 doi:10.1021/jm050797a Paillet-Loilier M, Cesbron A, Le Boisselier R, Bourgine J, Debruyne D. Emerging drugs of abuse: current perspectives on substituted cathinones. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2014; 5: 37-52. PMID 24966713 doi:10.2147/SAR.S37257 Simmons SJ, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Oliver CF, Hicks C, Muschamp JW, Rawls SM, Olive MF. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Cathinone-Derived Psychostimulants. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2018; 9(10): 2379-2394. PMID 29714473 doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00147 Beck O, Bäckberg M, Signell P, Helander A. Intoxications in the STRIDA project involving a panorama of psychostimulant pyrovalerone derivatives, MDPV copycats. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018 Apr;56(4):256-263. PMID 28895757 doi:10.1080/15563650.2017.1370097 Majchrzak M, Celiński R, Kuś P, Kowalska T, Sajewicz M. The newest cathinone derivatives as designer drugs: an analytical and toxicological review. Forensic Toxicol. 2018;36(1):33-50. PMID 29367861 doi:10.1007/s11419-017-0385-6 Colzato LS, Ruiz MJ, van den Wildenberg WP, Hommel B. Khat use is associated with impaired working memory and cognitive flexibility. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20602. PMID 21698275. Retrieved 2011-07-17. Europol 2008 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-10）.  Europol 2009 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-25）.  Europol 2010 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-10-03）.  Europol 2011 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-02-16）.  Europol 2012 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-26）.  Europol 2013 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-18）.  Europol 2014 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-22）.  Europol 2015 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-08）.  Europol 2016 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-26）.  Europol 2017 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (PDF). [2020-10-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-11）.  Maurer HH, Kraemer T, Springer D, Staack RF. Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and hepatic metabolism of designer drugs of the amphetamine (ecstasy), piperazine, and pyrrolidinophenone types: a synopsis. Ther Drug Monit. 2004 Apr;26(2):127-31. PMID 15228152 Davis S, Rands-Trevor K, Boyd S, Edirisinghe M. The characterisation of two halogenated cathinone analogues: 3,5-difluoromethcathinone and 3,5-dichloromethcathinone. Forensic Sci Int. 2012 Apr 10;217(1-3):139-45. PMID 22088945 doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.042 Błażewicz, A., Bednarek, E., Popławska, M. et al. Identification and structural characterization of synthetic cathinones: N-propylcathinone, 2,4-dimethylmethcathinone, 2,4-dimethylethcathinone, 2,4-dimethyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 4-bromo-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one and 2,4-dimethylisocathinone. Forensic Toxicol 2019; 37: 288-307. doi:10.1007/s11419-018-00463-w Westphal F, Girreser U, Angerer V, Auwärter V. Analytische Daten neuer 2-aminosubstituierter Methylendioxyvalerophenonderivate. Toxichem Krimtech, 2016 Jan 1; 83(1): 3–29.