皇家学会女会士列表

英国皇家学会会士资格面向英国和英联邦成员国的科学家、工程师和工艺师，只要他们“在数学、工程科学和医学等领域的自然知识发展方面做出重大的贡献 ”。当选为会士受到高度重视和追捧，给个人和所在机构都会带来极大的学术声望。英國科学家视当选皇家学会会士为仅次于诺贝尔奖的荣誉。 皇家学会最初的章程和规章并没有明文规定禁止女性入选皇家学会会士，但是自皇家学会很长的历史时间里，女士事实上无法入选会士。亨利八世颁布《解散修道院法令（英语：Dissolution of the Monasteries）》，女修道院都被解散，女性都被学校和大学逐出，因此，英国女性在17和18世纪没有接受正式教育机会。1829年伦敦动物学会成立，1833年英国皇家昆虫学会成立，这两个学会自创立就允许女性做会员，自此，女人逐渐得以加入学术团体（英语：learned societies）。 有记录的第一个质疑皇家学会不选女会士的事情发生在1900年，皇家显微学会（英语：Royal Microscopical Society）第一位女会士玛丽安·法夸尔森（英语：Marian Farquharson）给皇家学会理事会写了封请愿信，要求“完全合格的女性应该享有充分的会士权利” 。理事会在回信中说，女性当选会士的问题“根据皇家特许状处理，皇家学会事务自三百多年前就据此处理”。1902年，赫莎·马克斯·艾尔顿（英语：Hertha Ayrton）被提名为会士，她的候选资格被驳回，理由是她已婚，入选会士不符合法律。1919年排除性别无资格法案（英语：Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919）禁止法人团体以一个人的性别或婚姻状况为由拒绝加入。1925年，皇家学会回应英國妇女工程师学会（英语：Women's Engineering Society）三年前的质疑时，就以该法案的条款作答，但直到1943年，才有一名女性凯瑟琳·朗斯代尔（英语：Kathleen Lonsdale）被提名为皇家学会会士，1945年，皇家学会通过邮寄投票的方式修正学会的章程，明文规定女性可以入选会士，本年被提名的玛乔丽·斯蒂芬森（英语：Marjory Stephenson）如期当选会士。 截至2014年，共有133名女性入选皇家学会会士。有两名女会士在未修改章程之前入选，一名女会士因其为科学事业做的服务入选为荣誉会士。有四名女会士来自英国王室，做皇家会士或皇家学会赞助人。皇家学会在世的会士和外籍会士约1600人，约5%为女性。 1903——1996年间，根据皇家学会条例第12条，理事会可以选不符合正常会士标准的人为会士，但是这样的会士候选人必须“为科学事业做出了显著的贡献，或他们当选为会士会给皇家学会带来显著的益处”。1997年，皇家学会引入荣誉会士，取代了条例12会士。 皇家学会自成立以来，选了大量贵族为会士。1874年，皇家学会限定只有亲王和英国枢密院成员才能以贵族身份入选会士，1903年，又限定仅英国王室亲王才有此资格。后来，又放宽至王室任何成员。因王室血统或王室姻亲入选的会士被称为皇家会士。自18世纪引入皇家赞助（英语：Patronage）制度以来，大不列颠王国（1801年后卫联合王国）君主自乔治一世起，同时是皇家学会赞助人。 一般资料 List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660–2007 (pdf). 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