幽靈蛛科

幽靈蛛科（學名：Pholcidae），是蜘蛛目中的一個科，其下的物種通稱為幽靈蜘蛛，是家中常見的蜘蛛。 幽靈蜘蛛體態纖細，腿部細長，所以在英語中又被稱為「長腿叔叔」(daddy longlegs)。外貌與盲蛛相似，外觀容易混淆。幽靈蜘蛛體型小、看似纖細，但這些特點卻有益於幽靈蜘蛛捕食獵物，甚至是同類。幽靈蜘蛛通常使用纖長的腿把獵物制住，確保獵物停留在攻擊範圍內。幽靈蜘蛛有一對毒牙，毒性並不強。當幽靈蜘蛛遇上危險，會以上下及左右的擺幅來避開攻擊。 較常見的幽靈蜘蛛大多利用腹部使力，上下搖動。 幽靈蜘蛛喜歡吃比自己大型的蜘蛛，牠們自然界的天敵有蜈蚣和大蘭多毒蛛等。 幽靈蜘蛛算是世界上分佈十分廣泛的蜘蛛，從極北的堪察加半島到有世界屋脊之稱的青藏高原，最後到靠近南極的火地島均能找到牠的蹤跡，目前全世界只有南極州、冰島、格陵蘭島和加拿大極北之地沒有幽靈蜘蛛的存在。 截至西元2015年11月，World Spider Catalog（英语：World Spider Catalog）認可了以下的屬： Aetana Huber, 2005 Anansus Huber, 2007 Anopsicus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938 熱帶蛛屬 Artema Walckenaer, 1837 Aucana Huber, 2000 Aymaria Huber, 2000 贝尔蛛属 Belisana Thorell, 1898 Blancoa Huber, 2000 Buitinga Huber, 2003 Calapnita Simon, 1892 Calapnita bariengi Huber, 2017 Calapnita bario Huber, 2017 Calapnita bohoi Huber, 2017 Calapnita bugis Huber, 2017 Calapnita dayak Huber, 2017 Calapnita dinagat Huber, 2017 Calapnita lawangan Huber, 2017 Calapnita loksado Huber, 2017 Calapnita longa Yao & Li, 2013 Calapnita mae Huber, 2017 Calapnita magaseng Huber, 2017 Calapnita maragusan Huber, 2017 Calapnita nunezae Huber, 2017 Calapnita saluang Huber, 2011 Calapnita vermiformis Simon, 1892 Canaima Huber, 2000 Carapoia González-Sponga, 1998 Carapoia abdita Huber, 2016 Carapoia agilis Huber, 2018 Carapoia alagoas Huber, 2016 Carapoia bispina Huber, 2018 Carapoia brescoviti Huber, 2005 Carapoia cambridgei (Mello-Leitão, 1947) Carapoia capixaba Huber, 2016 Carapoia carvalhoi Huber, 2016 Carapoia carybei Huber, 2016 Carapoia crasto Huber, 2005 Carapoia dandarae Huber, 2016 Carapoia divisa Huber, 2016 Carapoia djavani Huber, 2018 Carapoia exigua Huber, 2018 Carapoia fowleri Huber, 2000 Carapoia genitalis (Moenkhaus, 1898) Carapoia gracilis Huber, 2016 Carapoia jiboia Huber, 2016 Carapoia kaxinawa Huber, 2018 Carapoia levii (Huber, 2000) Carapoia lutea (Keyserling, 1891) Carapoia macacu Huber, 2016 Carapoia maculata Huber, 2018 Carapoia marceloi Huber, 2016 Carapoia mirim Huber, 2016 Carapoia munduruku Huber, 2018 Carapoia nairae Huber, 2016 Carapoia ocaina Huber, 2000 Carapoia paraguaensis González-Sponga, 1998 Carapoia patafina Huber, 2016 Carapoia pau Huber, 2016 Carapoia pulchra Huber, 2018 Carapoia rheimsae Huber, 2005 Carapoia rubra Huber, 2018 Carapoia saltinho Huber, 2016 Carapoia septentrionalis Huber, 2016 Carapoia suassunai Huber, 2018 Carapoia tapajos Huber, 2018 Carapoia tenuis Huber, 2018 Carapoia ubatuba Huber, 2005 Carapoia una Huber, 2005 Carapoia utinga Huber, 2018 Carapoia viridis Huber, 2016 Carapoia voltavelha Huber, 2016 Carapoia zumbii Huber, 2016 Cenemus Saaristo, 2001 Chibchea Huber, 2000 Chichiriviche González-Sponga, 2011b Chisosa Huber, 2000 Ciboneya Pérez, 2001 Codazziella González-Sponga, 2005 Coryssocnemis Simon, 1893 壺蛛屬 Crossopriza Simon, 1893 Enetea Huber, 2000 Galapa Huber, 2000 Gertschiola Brignoli, 1981 Guaranita Huber, 2000 Holocneminus Berland, 1942 Holocnemus Simon, 1873 Hoplopholcus Kulczy?ski, 1908 Ibotyporanga Mello-Leitão, 1944 Ixchela Huber, 2000 Kambiwa Huber, 2000 呵叻蛛属 Khorata Huber, 2005 Leptopholcus Simon, 1893 Litoporus Simon, 1893 Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893 Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998 Metagonia Simon, 1893 Micromerys Bradley, 1877 Micropholcus Deeleman-Reinhold & Prinsen, 1987 Modisimus Simon, 1893 Nerudia Huber, 2000 Ninetis Simon, 1890 Nita Huber & El-Hennawy, 2007 Nyikoa Huber, 2007 Ossinissa Dimitrov & Ribera, 2005 Otavaloa Huber, 2000 Panjange Deeleman-Reinhold & Deeleman, 1983 Papiamenta Huber, 2000 Paramicromerys Millot, 1946 Pehrforsskalia Deeleman-Reinhold & van Harten, 2001 Pholcophora Banks, 1896 幽靈蛛屬 Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 Physocyclus Simon, 1893 Pisaboa Huber, 2000 Platnicknia Özdikmen & Demir, 2009 Pomboa Huber, 2000 Priscula Simon, 1893 Psilochorus Simon, 1893 Quamtana Huber, 2003 Queliceria González-Sponga, 2003 Savarna Huber, 2005 Sihala Huber, 2011 Smeringopina Kraus, 1957 怒蛛屬 Smeringopus Simon, 1890 六眼幽靈蛛屬 Spermophora Hentz, 1841 Spermophorides Wunderlich, 1992 Stenosfemuraia González-Sponga, 1998 Stygopholcus Absolon & Kratochvíl, 1932 Systenita Simon, 1893 Tainonia Huber, 2000 Tangguoa Yao & Li, 2021 来宾唐果蛛 Tangguoa laibin Yao & Li, 2021 铜鼓岭唐果蛛 Tangguoa tongguling Yao & Li, 2021 Teuia Huber, 2000 Tibetia Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2006 Tolteca Huber, 2000 Trichocyclus Simon, 1908 Tupigea Huber, 2000 Uthina Simon, 1893 Wanniyala Huber & Benjamin, 2005 Waunana Huber, 2000 Waunana anchicaya Huber, 2000 Waunana eberhardi Huber, 2000 Waunana modesta (Banks, 1929) Waunana tulcan Huber, 2000 Wugigarra Huber, 2001 Zatavua Huber, 2003 Family: Pholcidae C. L. Koch, 1850 (genus list), World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern), [2015-11-10], （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）  Huber, Bernhard A. 2017. Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Southeast Asian Leaf-Dwelling Spider Genus Calapnita Simon (Araneae, Pholcidae). Zootaxa. 4219(1); 1–63. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4219.1.1 Bernhard A. Huber. 2016. Spider Diversity and Endemism in A South American Hotspot: 20 New Species of Carapoia (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa. 4177(1); 1-69. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4177.1.1 Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G (eds.) (2007) Harvestmen – The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9