环带纲

環帶綱（Clitellata），是环节动物门下的一个纲，在系統演化上爲一個單系群，包括蛭（螞蟥，含水蛭、旱蛭）和寡毛類（如蚯蚓）等。牠們的特色是身體上有一節像是「衣領」一樣的環帶，在生育時會產生卵繭。環帶綱大約有8000多個品種。 與多毛綱（Polychaeta）不同的是：牠們的頭部（圍口節）沒有疣足（parapodia），而且發展比較簡單。 大多數環帶綱的生物可在陸地上及水裡生活。 所有環帶綱動物都是雌雄同體的。在繁殖期間，環帶綱動物會分泌一種會硬化的表層。牠會從這表層向後爬走，並將受精卵或同時間將卵子及精子留在這表層內，此表層會形成一個卵繭。受精卵會在沒有幼蟲的階段進而生長。 棘蛭目 Acanthobdellida 蛭蚓亚纲 Branchiobdellae 蛭亞綱 Hirudinea 寡毛亞綱 Oligochaeta：例如：蚯蚓（不論是水生還是陸生的）。 本纲包括以下目： Acanthobdellida Alluroidida Arhynchobdellida Branchiobdellida Capilloventrida Crassiclitellata Enchytraeida Euhirudinea Haplotaxida 單向蚓目 Lumbriculida Moniligastrida Narapida Opisthopora Parvidrilida Randiellida Rhynchobdellida 吻蛭目 Tubificida 目的地位未定的科： Illebdellidae Tiguassuidae 目和科的地位未定的属： Acestus Leidy, 1852 Acritobdella Ringuelet, 1978 Adaetobdella Ringuelet, 1978 Adenobdella Leidy, 1885 Adenodrilus Chekanovskaya, 1959 Albione Savigny, 1822 Aleodrilus Eisen, 1896 Allodera Sperber, 1950 Allolobophora Omodeo, 1956 Alyattes Kinberg, 1866 Amazonidrilus Righi, 1993 Ancyrobdella Oka, 1917 Anoculobdella Weber, 1915 Antionais Piguet, 1928 Archaeodrilus Czerniavsky, 1881 Archaeodrilus Szüts, 1913 Argyrobdella Cordero, 1937 Assudrilus Righi, 1971 Astacobdella Moquin-Tandon, 1846 Astraphidokrates Gistl, 1848 Aulacostomum Grube, 1850 Austroscolex Jamieson, 1977 Bakedebdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Blennobdella Blanchard, 1849 Branchiobdella de Blainville, 1827 Cambarincola Goodnight, 1940 Caribeobdella Ringuelet, 1976 Castrichnus Verde, Ubilla, Jiménez & Genise, 2007 Cephalopus Gronov, 1762 Clepsinides Augener, 1926 Colombobdella Mane-Garzon, 1973 Coronata Goodnight, 1940 Cotinchytraeus Righi, 1974 Cryptochaeta Benham, 1950 Cymatobranchus Selensky Dacnobdella Ringuelet, 1978 Dactylius Curling, 1839 Dactylobdella van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Dagarobdella Finogenova & Snimschikova, 1991 Dartevellida Sciacchitano, 1939 Democedes Kinberg, 1866 Dendrobaena Omodeo, 1956 Dendrodilus Omodeo, 1956 Dermobdella Philippi, 1867 Dinaridella Mrsic, 1987 Dinephrus Spencer, 1900 Dundjibdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Eminia Benham, 1891 Eminodrilus Benham, 1891 Ephemitra Sims & Easton, 1972 Erpobdelliformes Sawyer, 1986 Eubranchella Baird, 1869 Exochleius Rafinesque, 1819 Ganymedes Leigh-Sharpe, 1915 Glossobdella de Blainville, 1827 Glossophora Gray, 1831 Glossopora Johnson, 1817 Gnatho Goldfuss, 1820 Goel Oken, 1815 Graceevelynia Graff, 1957 Granelia Harant & Verniéres, 1936 Guamaia Righi, 1975 Haemobdella Brandt, 1911 Haemocharis Savigny, 1822 Haemonis Bernouilli, 1849 Halodrillus Verrill, 1873 Hararbdella Sciacchitano, 1941 Helluo Oken, 1815 Helminthodes Marsh, 1864 Henleana Friend, 1915 Hippobdella de Blainville, 1827 Hormodrilus Rosa, 1889 Hrabeiella Pĭzl & Chalupský, 1984 Hybobdella Weyenbergh, 1879 Hylacobdella Sciacchitano, 1935 Hypsobdella Weber, 1915 Idrisobdella Leigh-Sharpe, 1933 Incolore Omodeo, 1952 Jatrobdella de Blainville, 1827 Lamprodrilus Izosimov, 1962 Leiodrilus Eisen, 1900 Lennoscolex Gates, 1960 Leptodrilus Wassell, 1984 Leptostoma Whitman, 1886 Lignicola Blyth, 1842 Limbrus Anon., 1829 Liodrilus Michaelsen, 1900 Lobina Moquin-Tandon, 1846 Lumbricogordius Noll, 1844 Lumbricopsis Fritsch, 1907 Machetna Semernoy & Timm, 1994 Maiabdella Ringuelet, 1980 Matadibdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Meridrilus Righi, 1993 Mesopachys Ørsted, 1844 Mesoscolex Borges & Moreno, 1990 Metalamprodrilus Isossimoff, 1962 Microstoma Whitman, 1885 Mongbwalubdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Monopus Gosse, 1855 Mooreotorix Lukin, 1976 Naillenia Eisen, 1900 Nectohelmins Kincaid & Ruffolo, 1988 Nemoctus Rafinesque, 1814 Neoscolex Sokolskaya, 1976 Notogama Rosa, 1893 Octolasium Omodeo, 1956 Omahania Eisen, 1900 Ophibdella Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Opisthocordis Righi, 1984 Opistodrilus Rosa, 1895 Opothedrilus Bouche, 1972 Palaeobdella Blainville, 1829 Palaeohirudo Kozur, 1970 Panoniona Mrsic & Sapkarev, 1988 Papillonais Sokolovskaya, 1957 Parapontobdella Harant, 1929 Paratorix Lukin & Epshtein, 1960 Pentabdella Llewellyn, 1966 Perriera Vaillant Pharyngobdelliformes Caballero, 1952 Phormio Goldfuss, 1820 Piguetia Hrabé, 1936 Pinacobdella Diesing, 1850 Podobdella Diesing, 1850 Podoclepsis Dequal, 1916 Praedrilus Righi, 1971 Preussiella Michaelsen, 1900 Promegascolex Cognetti de Martiis, 1922 Protoscolex Ulrich, 1878 Pseudenchytraeus Delphy, 1919 Pseudilyodrilus Delphy, 1919 Pseudobdella Blainville, 1827 Pterochaeta Pierantoni, 1911 Purpureum Omodeo, 1952 Rhodonicus Bouche, 1972 Sanguisuga Bruguière, 1789 Santomesia Righi, 1984 Schlegelia Weyenbergh, 1880 Schoutedenia Michaelsen, 1936 Sciobdella Richardson, 1971 Scorpaenobdella Saint-Loup, 1886 Semiscoloides Sawyer, 1986 Spencerius Loden, 1978 Sporadoehaeta Cognetti, 1905 Stilina Gervais, 1837 Suabdella Tonperoge Righi & Ayres, 1975 Trachelobdella Moore, 1957 Travascolides Gates, 1940 Tribothrynobdella Ringuelet, 1976 Trigonobdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Trulliodbella Brinkmann, 1948 Turedrilus Righi, 1993 Typhlobdella Diesing, 1850 Udekemiana Cernosvitov, 1931 Wasawoia Reynolds, 1973 Wegeneriella Omodeo, 1955 Zicsiona Mrsic & Sapkarev, 1987 Manum, S. B.; Bose, M. N.; Sawyer, R. Y. T. Clitellate cocoons in freshwater deposits since the Triassic. Zoologica Scripta. 1991, 20 (4): 347. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1991.tb00300.x.  Reichardt, Anna Katharina. Systematische Zoologie. 2006: 63, 67–68.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：环带纲 Brief description （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） An introductory key to revised earthworm family classification[永久失效連結] A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World