恐犬症

恐犬症是一種動物恐懼症，此類患者會恐惧狗以及其他犬科动物。恐犬症患者除了害怕活狗，他們看到狗的照片或視頻也會感到害怕。 他們還會刻意遠離狗經常出沒的地方，例如公园以及养狗的人家。 有些患者看到狗後會出現心悸、出汗、颤抖，呼吸困难，想要逃跑，晕厥、头晕、口干、恶心以及其他多种症状。 Mavissakalian & Barlow (1981) Maj 等人 (2004) Maj 等人 (2004), p. 6 Antony, Martin M. Phobic Disorders and Panic in Adults: A Guide to Assessment and Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 2000. ISBN 9781557986962.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Antony, Martin M.; McCabe, Randi E. Overcoming Animal Insect Phobias: How to Conquer Fear of Dogs, Snakes, Rodents, Bees, Spiders More. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications. 2005. ISBN 9781572243880.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Barlow, David H. Anxiety and its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic. New York: Guilford Press. 2002.  Bruce, Timothy J.; Sanderson, William C. Specific Phobias: Clinical Applications of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy. Northvale: Jason Aronson Inc. 1998.  Di Nardo, Peter A.; Guzy, Lawrence T.; Jenkins, Jill Ann; Bak, Rita M.; Tomasi, Susan F.; Copland, Michelle. Etiology and maintenance of dog fears. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1988, 26 (3): 241–244. PMID 3408458. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90005-8.  Di Nardo, Peter A.; Guzy, Lawrence T.; Bak, Rita M. Anxiety response patterns and etiological factors in dog-gearful and non-fearful subjects. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1988, 26 (3): 245–251. PMID 3408459. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90006-X.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) 4th. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association. 2000.  Doogan, Sharon; Thomas, Glyn V. Origins of fear of dogs in adults and children: the role of conditioning processes and prior familiarity with dogs. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1992, 30 (4): 387–394. PMID 1616473. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(92)90050-Q .  Hoffmann, Willem A.; Human, Lourens H. Experiences, characteristics and treatment of women suffering from dog phobia. Anthrozoös. 2003, 16 (1): 28. S2CID 144024287. doi:10.2752/089279303786992323.  King, Neville J.; Clowes-Hollins, Viv; Ollendick, Thomas H. The etiology of childhood dog phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1997, 35 (1): 77. PMID 9009047. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00067-8.  Maj, Mario; Akiskal, Hagop S.; López-Ibor, Juan José; et al (编). Phobias. Chichester: J. Wiley. 2004. ISBN 978-0-470-85837-0.  Mavissakalian, Matig; Barlow, David H. (编). Phobia: Psychological and Pharmacological Treatment. New York: Guilford Press. 1981.  Öhman, Arne. Face the beast and fear the face: animal and social fears as prototypes for evolutionary analyses of emotion. Psychophysiology. 1986, 23 (2): 123–145. PMID 3704069. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00608.x .  Öst, Lars-Göran. One-session treatment for specific phobias. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1989, 27 (1): 1–7. PMID 2914000. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90113-7.  Rachman, S. The conditioning theory of fear acquisition: a critical examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1977, 15 (5): 375–387. PMID 612338. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(77)90041-9.  Rentz, Timothy O.; Powers, Mark B.; Smits, Jasper A. J.; Cougle, Jesse R.; Telch, Michael J. Active-imaginal exposure: examination of a new behavioral treatment for cynophobia (dog phobia). Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2003, 41 (11): 1337–1353. PMID 14527532. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00041-x.  Secret, Mary; Bloom, Martin. Evaluating a self-help approach to helping a phobic child: a profile analysis. Research on Social Work Practice. 1994, 4 (3): 338–348. S2CID 145786257. doi:10.1177/104973159400400305.  Wiederhold, B. K. Virtual Reality Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: Advances in Evaluation and Treatment 1st. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 2005.