床蟲

床蟲（Bed bugs），又稱床蝨，是臭蟲屬（學名：Cimex）物種的通稱，是寄生性的昆蟲，吸取動物的血液為其唯一的覓食方式。溫帶臭蟲是本屬中最為人所知的物種，吸食人類的血液為生，其他物種則會吸食其他動物的血液，各物種常以某一類動物為主要宿主，例如Cimex adjunctus（英语：Cimex adjunctus）主要寄生於蝙蝠。床蟲常出現於溫暖的住家中，特別是床上與其他用以睡眠的區域，其族群建立後就很難清除。它們多在夜間活躍，但不完全是夜行性，其吸血時通常不會被人發覺。床蟲的叮咬常會造成起疹、過敏、失眠與精神困擾為主，但不會傳播嚴重的傳染病。人類對於床蟲的認識已有千年之久，1940年代早期，床蟲幾乎在已開發國家中被撲滅，但1995年起又再次大量增加，近年來呈增加趨勢，可能是因對殺蟲劑產生抗藥性（英语：Pesticide resistance）、部分殺蟲劑被各國禁用、以及跨國旅行日益普遍所致。 本属包括以下物种： Cimex 2-maculatus Linnæus, 1758 Cimex 2-punctatus Linnæus, 1758 Cimex 4-pustulatus Fabricius, 1775 Cimex 4-spinosus Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex 6-punctatus Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex acantharis Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex adjunctus Barber, 1939 Cimex aeneus Scopoli, 1763 Cimex aequinoctialis Scopoli, 1763 Cimex angkorae Klein, 1969 Cimex antennatus Usinger & Ueshima, 1965 Cimex antillarum Kirkaldy, 1909 Cimex arabs Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex brevis Usinger & Ueshima, 1965 Cimex burmanus Usinger, 1966 Cimex carinatus Forster, 1771 Cimex cavernicola Usinger, 1966 Cimex claviger Herbst, 1784 Cimex columbarius Jenyns, 1839 Cimex dentatus Fabricius, 1775 Cimex deplanus Herrich-Schäffer, 1840 Cimex dissimilis (Horváth, 1910) Cimex divisus Herrich-Schäffer, 1840 Cimex emarginatus Simov, Ivanova & Schunger, 2006 Cimex erythrozonias Gmelin Cimex filiformis Fabricius, 1775 Cimex flavicinctus Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 Cimex flavifusca Wendt, 1939 Cimex fullo Thunberg, 1783 Cimex fylvestris Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex gastricus Thunberg, 1822 Cimex hamatus Fabricius, 1787 热帶床蝨 Cimex hemipterus (Fabricius, 1803) Cimex himalayanus Bhat, 1974 Cimex hirundinis Lamarck, 1816 Cimex histrio Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex humeralis Thunberg, 1783 Cimex humeratus Houttuyn Cimex incarnatus Drury, 1773 Cimex incrassatus Usinger & Ueshima, 1965 Cimex insuetus Ueshima, 1968 Cimex japonicus Usinger, 1966 Cimex latipennis Usinger & Ueshima, 1965 溫帶床蝨 Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex lineola Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex lunifrontis Cooper, 1870 Cimex montandoni (Péricart, 1972) Cimex nobilis Linnaeus, 1763 Cimex nubilis Fabricius, 1775 Cimex papillosus Drury, 1773 Cimex peregrinator Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex pilosellus (Horváth, 1910) Cimex pipistrelli Jenyns, 1839 Cimex pulveratus Hornok, 2018 Cimex purpureipenni De Geer, 1773 Cimex quadripunctatus Villers, 1789 Cimex rostratus de Geer, 1773 Cimex serratus Linnæus, 1758 Cimex serratus Ueshima, 1968 Cimex stadleri Horváth, 1935 Cimex stockerus Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex tristis Fabricius, 1775 Cimex uniguttatus Donovan Cimex usingeri Bhat, Sreenivasan & Ilkal, 1973 Cimex v-luteum Lichtenstein, 1796 Cimex vagans Fabricius, 1787 Cimex variolosus Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex vicarius (Horváth, 1912) 跳蚤 体虱 Jerome Goddard; Richard deShazo. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2009, 301 (13): 1358–1366 [2018-09-14]. PMID 19336711. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405. （原始内容存档于2010-09-18）. Pest control and eradication is challenging due to insecticide resistance, lack of effective products, and health concerns about spraying mattresses with pesticides.  Goddard, J; deShazo, R. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1 April 2009, 301 (13): 1358–66. PMID 19336711. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405.  Reinhardt, Klaus; Siva-Jothy, Michael T. Biology of the Bed Bugs (Cimicidae) (PDF). Annual Review of Entomology. Jan 2007, 52: 351–374 [26 May 2010]. PMID 16968204. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.040306.133913. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于5 July 2010）.  Doggett SL, Russell R. Bed bugs – What the GP needs to know. Aust Fam Physician. November 2009, 38 (11): 880–4. PMID 19893834.  Kolb, Adam; Needham, Glen R.; Neyman, Kimberly M.; High, Whitney A. Bedbugs. Dermatologic Therapy. 2009, 22 (4): 347–52 [2018-09-14]. PMID 19580578. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01246.x. （原始内容存档于2017-10-05）.  Kilpenen, O.; Vagn Jensen, K-M.; Kristensen, M. Bed Bug Problems in Denmark, with a European Perspective (PDF): 395–399. [27 May 2010]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于11 November 2011）.  Robinson, WH; Bajomi, D. (eds). Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Urban Pests. Hungary: OOK-Press Kft. 2008.  H.R. Bhat , M.A. Sreenivasan & M.A. Ilkal (1973) Cimex usingeri, sp. nov. (hemiptera: cimicidae) from a colony of rhinolophus rouxi temminck, 1835 (chiroptera: rhinolophidae) in India, Oriental Insects, 7:1, 79-82, DOI: 10.1080/00305316.1973.10434206