美国城市化

美国城市化进程贯穿其整个历史进程。在过去的两个世纪里，美利坚合众国已从以农村、农业为主的国家转变为城市化、工业化国家。这很大程度上要归功于18世纪末和19世纪初美国（以及部分西欧国家）的工业革命，以及美国由此经历的快速工业化。1790年，美国人住在城市的只有1/20，但这个比例在1870年急剧变化，到1920年变成了1/4，到20世纪60年代变成了2/3，到21世纪头十年变成了4/5。 美国普查局在1950年和1990年修改了城市地区（Urban Areas, UAs）的分类和定义，因此在比较不同时期的城市数据时需要谨慎。人口普查局目前（2018年）对城市地区的定义是：人口超过5万的连续建成区；包括一个或多个中心地区和城市边缘——由邻近的其他地方和非地方领土组成、密集居住的周边地区。 美国的城市化经历了很长一段时间，直到1910年至1920年之间美国才达到城市人口占多数的地位。目前，超过五分之四的美国人口居住在城市地区，这个比例目前仍在上升。 美国东北部城市化速度最快，到1880年，东北部城市人口已占多数。在此之前，美国东北部的一些州城市人口已经占多数，包括马萨诸塞州和罗德岛州（1850年城市人口占多数），以及纽约州（1870年以来城市人口占多数）。美国中西部和西部在20世纪10年代城市人口成为主体，而美国南部直到第二次世界大战后，也就是20世纪50年代城市人口才成为主体。 今天，美国西部是美国城市化程度最高的地区，紧随其后的是美国东北部。第二次世界大战后，美国南部经历了快速的工业化，现在超过四分之三的人口都生活在城市，2010年南部的城市人口比例几乎与美国中西部相同。如今，美国50个州中只有4个州的农村人口占多数，甚至其中一些州（如密西西比州）仍在继续城市化。目前，美国一些州的城市化率在90%左右或以上，一个世纪以前几乎没有任何一个州能有这样的城市化率。 缅因州和佛蒙特州却在去城市化，这种去城市化趋势在美国其他地方都有体现。缅因州城市人口比例最高的时期是在1950年，当时城市化率还不到52%，而如今，该州只有不到39%的人口居住在城市地区。缅因州目前是美国城市化程度最低的州，它的城市人口比例（39%）还不到美国平均水平（81%）的一半。自1790年第一次人口普查以来，缅因州的城市化程度一直都低于美国平均水平。 2006年的西雅图 1942年的达拉斯 大约在1900年曼哈顿的小意大利 1833年的华盛顿特区 本表部分数据来自美国人口普查局。注意，城市人口的定义随着时间的推移而变化。1900年、1950年和2000年的人口普查采用了新的定义。 Urban and rural populations in the United States. 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