侧鳃科

侧鳃科（學名：Pleurobranchidae），亦作側鰓海牛科，是分類學上海蛞蝓的一個科、海洋腹足綱軟體動物側鰓類支序的成員。過往是背楯目之下的一個科，現時是裸側類支序的成員。 侧鳃科的物种有一个突出的外套膜，其内壳在成年后会退化或完全消失。已经观察到一些成年物种以海鞘类为食。侧鳃科物种的幼虫可以是浮游性的（以浮游生物为食）、营养性的（从卵黄中获取营养）或直接发育的。 许多物种从其丰富的腺体外套膜中分泌出分泌物，作为对天敌的化学防御。甚至有报道说能产生硫酸。 直到2005年，这个科都被置于背楯亞目中。然而，在“Bouchet和Rocroi 对腹足目的分类”（2005年）中，侧鳃科被置于侧鳃总科中，是侧鳃类（与裸鳃类是姐妹类）的惟一一科，是裸侧类的一部分。 以下為本科之下的屬和物種： Berthellina Berthellina citrina (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828) Pleurobranchus Pleurobranchus forskalii (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828) 明月侧鳃 Euselenops luniceps (Cuvier, 1817) Bathyberthella Bathyberthella antarctica Willan and Bertsch, 1987 侧鳃海蛞蝓属 Berthella de Blainville, 1824 Berthella africana Pruvot-Fol, 1953 Berthella agassizi MacFarland, 1909 Berthella americana A. E. Verrill, 1885 Berthella aurantiaca Risso, 1818 Berthella caledonica Dall, 1900 Berthella californica Dall, 1900 California sidegill slug Berthella canariensis Cervera, J.L., T.M. Gosliner, J.C. García-Gómez & J. Ortea, 2000 Berthella elongata Cantraine, 1835 马丁侧鳃海蛞蝓 Berthella martensi Pilsbry, 1896 Berthella medietas R. Burn, 1962 Berthella ocellata delle Chiaje, 1830 Berthella ornata T.F. Cheeseman, 1878 Berthella patagonica d'Orbigny, 1837 Berthella platei Bergh, 1898 Berthella plumula Montagu, 1803 Berthella sideralis Lovén, 1846 Berthella stellata Risso, 1826 Berthella strongi MacFarland, 1966 Berthella tamiu Ev. Marcus, 1984 Berthella tupala Er. Marcus, 1957 Berthellina Gardiner, 1936 Berthellina amarillus Mattox, 1953 Berthellina americanus Verrill, 1885 Berthellina circularis Mörch, 1863 Berthellina citrina Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828 (synonym of Gymnotoplax citrina Er. Marcus, 1957 ) Berthellina delicata W.H. Pease, 1861 Berthellina edwardsi Vayssière, 1897 Berthellina engeli Gardiner, 1936 Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848) Berthellina ilisima Marcus, Er. & Ev. Marcus, 1967 Berthellina quadridens Mörch, 1863 (junior synonym of Gymnotoplax quadridens) Boreoberthella Martynov & Schrödl, 2009 Bouvieria Vayssière, 1896 : synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824 Bouvieria auriantiaca Risso, 1813 Bouvieria ocellata S. delle Chiaje, 1828 Bouvieria perforata Philippi, 1844 Gigantonotum: synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824 Gigantonotum album Lin, G. & S. Tchang, 1965 Gymnotoplax Pilsbry, 1896 : synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824 Gymnotoplax citrina Er. Marcus, 1957 Gymnotoplax engeli Gardiner, 1936 Gymnotoplax quadridens Oscanius Leach, 1847 : synonym of Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804 Oscanius tuberculatus Meckel, 1808 Parabathyberthella: synonym of Bathyberthella Willan, 1983 Parabathyberthella eltanini Dell, 1990 Parabathyberthella orcadensis Talavera, F.G., J.C. García-Gómez, J.S. Troncoso & J.L. Cervera, 1994 Pleurehdera Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970 Pleurehdera haraldi Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970 Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1805 Polictenidia: synonym of Bathyberthella Willan, 1983 Polictenidia tomasi Talavera, F.G., J.S. Troncoso, J.L. Cervera & J.C. García-Gómez, 1996 Susania: synonym of Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804 Susania testudinaria Cantraine, F.J., 1840 (synonym of Pleurobranchus testudinarius) Tomthompsonia Tomthompsonia antarctica Thiele, 1912 無殼側鰓亞科（Pleurobranchaeinae）現時被提升為無殼側鰓科（Pleurobranchaeidae Pilsbry, 1896）。 Encyclopaedia metropolitana, Volume 7, Plates to Zoology; plate Mollusca III (plate 4) Bouchet, P. (2011). Pleurobranchidae. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-06-30 Notaspidea 背楯目. TaiBIF. [2018-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-13） （中文（繁體））.  R. Willan. Phylogenetic systematics of the Notaspidea (Opisthobranchia) with a reappraisal of families and genera. Am. Malacol. Bull. 1987, 5: 215–241.  Aldo Spinella; Ernesto Mollo; Enrico Trivellone; Guido Cimino. Testudinariol A and B, two unusual triterpenoids from the skin and the mucus of the marine mollusc Pleurobranchus testudinarius. Tetrahedron. December 1997, 53 (49): 16891–16896 [2018-03-19]. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10124-7. （原始内容存档于2019-03-13）.  T. Thompson. Acidic allomones in marine organisms. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. 1988, 68 (3): 499–517. doi:10.1017/S0025315400043368.  ?. WoRMS. [2018-03-20].  Cuvier G. (1817). Le Règne Animal. volume 2 (Gasteropodes): page 396; volume 4 (Plates): plate 11, figure 2. Francisco José García; José Carlos García-Gómez; Jesús S. Troncoso; Juan Lucas Cervera. A descriptive study of some Antarctic notaspidean opisthobranchs (Gastropoda), with description of a new genus and species. Polar Biology. May 1994, 14 (4): 261–268. doi:10.1007/bf00239174. [永久失效連結] Cervera et al. (2000). A new species of Berthella Blainville, 1824 (Opisthobranchia: Notaspidea) from the Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic Ocean), with a re-examination of the phylogenetic relationships of the Notaspidea. J.Moll. Stud., 66: 3001-311. Michael Schrödl. The genus Berthella Blainville, 1825 (Notaspidea, : Pleurobranchidae) from Magellanic waters. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1999, 65 (4): 399–409 [2018-03-19]. doi:10.1093/mollus/65.4.399. （原始内容存档于2006-10-03）.  Marcus, Ev. 1984. The Western Atlantic warm water Notaspidea (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia), Parte 2 Boletim de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo 8 p. 43-76. Mörch, 1863. Contributions à la faune malacologique des Antilles danoises Journal de Conchyliologie 11 21-43. 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：侧鳃科 Scientists just collected a mysterious 'purple orb' at the bottom of the ocean, but no one could anticipate what happened next (Video). Business Insider. July 30, 2016 [July 30, 2016]. [失效連結] Richard C. Willan, Description of a New Pleurobranch (Opisthobranchia, Notaspidea) from Antarctic with a review of Notaspideans from South Polar Seas; The Veliger 29 (3), 1987 p. 292-302 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）