极端民族主义

極端民族主義（英語：Ultranationalism）是一種意識形態，和傳統民族主義的概念完全不同，強調某個國家或民族在政治、經濟和社會領域的利益與統治地位。通常表現為對自己族群的優越感和極端支持，同時將其他國家，種族，宗教或文化社群視為敵對與次等，並加以歧視，排斥和仇恨，進而引發種族主義和迫害等問題。極端民族主義往往伴隨著侵略性和暴力傾向，可能採取戰爭或種族清洗等極端手段以實現政治目標，它與國家復興的概念共同構成了法西斯主義的關鍵基礎。 加略斯·布加杰斯基（英语：Janusz Bugajski）認為，民族主義在最極端或發展到終極形態時，類似於法西斯主義，其特點是仇外蔑視，支持專制政治並靠近極權主義，強調魅力型領袖，一個組織上無定形的運動型政黨，以及國家之間的「有機統一」。 羅傑·格里芬（英语：Roger Griffin）指出，極端民族主義本質上是仇外的，並且會通過神化自己歷史上的偉大成就，或者強調對歷史宿敵的仇恨來實現自身的合法化。它有時還會利用庸俗的體質人類學、遺傳學和優生學來對種族優越感和種族前途做合理化解釋，並衬托其他種族的墮落和劣等的观念。 二战后被认为过是极端民族主义者的政党：  澳大利亞: 一国党  奥地利: 奥地利自由党  比利时: 弗拉芒利益  保加利亚: 保加利亚复兴党（英语：Revival (Bulgarian political party)）、攻击（英语：Attack (political party))）、IMRO-保加利亚民族运动（英语：IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement）、拯救保加利亚民族阵线（英语：National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria）  波黑: 塞尔维亚族民主党  柬埔寨: 柬埔寨共产党  中國：中国共产党  克罗地亚: 国土运动（英语：Homeland Movement (Croatia)）、克罗地亚民主共同体、克罗地亚纯权力党（英语：Croatian Pure Party of Rights）、克罗地亚权力党（英语：Croatian Party of Rights）  賽普勒斯: 埃拉姆语（英语：ELAM (Cyprus)）  捷克: 自由和直接民主  丹麦: 丹麦人民党  爱沙尼亚: 爱沙尼亚保守人民党  法國: 法国国民联盟  芬兰: 正统芬兰人党  德国: 德国选择党  希腊: 希腊方案、人民协会－金色黎明  匈牙利: 我们的家园运动（英语：Our Homeland Movement）、尤比克争取更好的匈牙利运动  印度: 湿婆军、印度人民党  印度尼西亞: 专业集团党  以色列: 宗教锡安主义者党、凯煦  義大利: 意大利兄弟党  日本: 自民党  北馬其頓: 马其顿内部革命组织－马其顿民族统一民主党  緬甸: 联邦巩固与发展党  菲律賓: 新社会运动党（英语：Kilusang Bagong Lipunan）  波蘭: 波兰民族运动党  中華民國：中国国民党、民主进步党、台湾基进党  羅馬尼亞: 罗马尼亚人团结联盟  俄羅斯: 俄罗斯自由民主党、全俄政党“祖国”  塞爾維亞: 塞尔维亚誓言者党（英语：Serbian Party Oathkeepers）、Dveri（英语：Dveri）、塞尔维亚复兴运动（英语：Serbian Renewal Movement）、 塞尔维亚激进党、塞尔维亚统一党（英语：Party of Serbian Unity）  南非: 经济自由斗士、国民党  斯洛伐克: 我们的斯洛伐克人民党（英语：People's Party Our Slovakia）、斯洛伐克民族党  韩国: 韩国全国青年协会（英语：Korean National Youth Association）  西班牙: 呼声、传统主义西班牙国家工团主义进攻委员会方阵  瑞典: 瑞典民主党  瑞士: 瑞士人民党  土耳其: 民族主义行动党、土耳其大团结党（英语：Great Unity Party）  烏克蘭: 自由党、右区 極右派 民族主义 超國家主義 Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53. 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