亚历山大·阿廖欣

亚历山大·亚历山德罗维奇·阿廖欣（俄语：Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Але́хин，羅馬化：Aleksándr Aleksándrovich Alékhin，發音：[ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ ɐˈlʲexʲɪn]；1892年10月31日—1946年3月24日），俄裔法国国际象棋大师，曾四次获得国际象棋世界冠军。 16岁获全俄业余国际象棋赛冠军，成为大师。1914年升为特级大师。第一次世界大战后移居法国。1927年代表法国参赛并赢得世界冠军称号。1935年荷兰的尤伟夺走了他的世界冠军称号，1937年又重新夺回，并一直保持到逝世。 阿廖欣技术全面，富于独创性，棋风以新奇见长，首倡力争主动型着法。1924、1925、1933年，三度打破蒙目棋的世界纪录。一生中共87次参加国际象棋锦标赛，62次获得冠军。著有《我的最佳对局300局》和《盲棋60局》等。由于他对开局的刻苦研究，阿廖欣1927年于布宜诺斯艾利斯战胜了卡帕布兰卡，成为第四位世界冠军。然而，赛后作为冠军的他没有接受卡帕布兰卡的挑战，这一点对卡帕布兰卡来讲多少有失公平。 Alekhine, Alexander. 107 Great Chess Battles. Oxford University Press. 1980. ISBN 978-0-19-217590-8.  This is a collection of games annotated by Alekhine, published long after his death. Alekhine, Alexander. My Best Games of Chess 1908–1937. Dover. 1985. ISBN 0-486-24941-7.  This 1985 reprint is a merge from two separate volumes published originally in 1929 and 1937. Botvinnik, Mikhail M. One hundred selected games. Bell. 1951. ASIN B000PZU8S4.  Chernev, Irving. Twelve Great Chess Players and Their Best Games. New York: Dover. 1995: 163–80. ISBN 0-486-28674-6.  Donaldson, John W.; Minev, Nikolay. Alekhine in the Americas. Seattle, Washington: International Chess Enterprises. 1992. ISBN 978-1-879479-06-7.  Denker, Arnold; Parr, Larry. The Bobby Fischer I Knew And Other Stories. Hypermodern Press. 1995. ISBN 978-1-886040-18-2.  Elo, Arpad E. The Rating of Chessplayers, Past and Present. Batsford. 1978. ISBN 978-0-7134-1860-6.  Fine, Reuben. The World's Great Chess Games. Courier Dover Publications. 1952. ISBN 0-486-24512-8.  Gillam, Anthony J.; Swift, A.J. 1st European championship Munich 1942. The Chess Player. 2001. ISBN 1-901034-46-1.  Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth. The Oxford Companion to Chess. Oxford University Press. 1984. ISBN 0-19-217540-8.  Kalendovský, Jan; Fiala, Vlastimil. Complete Games of Alekhine: Volume I, 1892–1921. Moravian Chess. 1992. ISBN 80-85476-10-X.  Kasparov, Garry. Garry Kasparov on My Great Predecessors: Part 1. Everyman Chess. 2003. ISBN 1-85744-330-6.  Keene, Raymond; Divinsky, Nathan. Warriors of the Mind. Batsford. 1989. ISBN 978-0-9513757-0-9.  Khalifman, Alexander. Alexander Alekhine: Games 1902–1922. Chess Direct. 2002. ISBN 978-954-8782-21-0.  Khalifman, Alexander. Alexander Alekhine: Games 1923–1934. Chess Direct. 2002. ISBN 954-8782-23-5.  Khalifman, Alexander. Alexander Alekhine: Games 1935–1946. Chess Stars. 2002. ISBN 978-954-8782-25-8.  Kotov, Alexander; Yudovich, Y. The Soviet School of Chess. Foreign Languages Publishing House. 1958.  Kotov, Alexander. Alexander Alekhine. R.H.M. Press. 1975. ISBN 0-89058-007-3.  Münninghoff, Alexander. Max Euwe: The Biography. New in Chess. 2001. ISBN 978-1-58863-002-5.  Maurensig, Paolo: Theory of Shadows, 2015, Trans. 2018 by Anne Milano Appel. Novel dealing mainly with the days leading up to Alekhine's death in suspicious circumstances. Réti, Richard. Modern Ideas in Chess. G. Bell and Sons, Ltd. 1923.  Reinfeld, Fred. The Immortal Games of Capablanca. Dover. 1942.  Reinfeld, Fred. The Human Side of Chess. Pellegrini & Cudahy. 1952.  Reshevsky, Samuel. Great Chess Upsets. Arco. 1976. ISBN 978-0-668-03493-7.  Soloviov, Sergei. Bogoljubow, the Fate of a Chess Player. Chess Stars. 2004. ISBN 978-954-8782-38-8.  Saidy, Anthony; Lessing, Norman. The World of Chess. Random House. 1974. ISBN 0-394-48777-X.  Soltis, Andrew. Frank Marshall, United States Chess Champion. McFarland. 1994. ISBN 978-0-89950-887-0.  Soltis, Andrew. Chess Lists. McFarland. 2002. ISBN 978-0-7864-1296-9.  Winter, Edward. World Chess Champions. Pergamon. 1981. ISBN 0-08-024094-1.  Winter, Edward. Kings, Commoners and Knaves: Further Chess Explorations. Russell Enterprises. 1999. ISBN 1-888690-04-6.  Winter, Edward. A Chess Omnibus. Russell Enterprises. 2003. ISBN 1-888690-17-8.  Tkachenko, Sergei. Alekhine's Odessa Secrets: Chess, War and Revolution. LLC Elk and Ruby Publishing House. 2018. ISBN 978-5950043338.