埃里希·托普

埃里希·托普（Erich Topp，1914年7月2日—2005年12月26日）是一位第二次世界大战期间的德国海军U型潜艇指挥官。他曾获颁騎士鐵十字勳章。在他的指挥下，他的潜艇共击沉35艘盟军船只。战后，托普服役于德国海军，最终军衔为海军少将。他后来还曾为北大西洋公约组织效力。 Mitcham & Mueller 2012，第258頁. Ben-Yehuda, Nachman. Atrocity, Deviance, and Submarine Warfare: Norms and Practices During the World Wars. Michigan University. 2016. ISBN 978-0-472-11889-2.  Blair, Clay. Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942. Random House. 1998. ISBN 978-0-30787-437-5.  Bridgland, Tony. Waves of Hate: Naval Atrocities of the Second World War. Pen and Sword. 2001. ISBN 978-1-4738-2061-6.  Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim. Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945]. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. 2003. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2 （德语）.  Edwards, Bernard. The Twilight of the U-boats. Naval Institute Press. 2004. ISBN 978-1844150359.  Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches]. Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. 2000 [1986]. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6 （德语）.  Gablik, Axel F. Strategische Planungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1955–1967: Politische Kontrolle oder militärische Notwendigkeit? [Strategic Planning in the Federal Republic of Germany 1955–1967: Political Control or Military Necessity?]. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos. 1996. ISBN 978-3-7890-4255-3 （德语）.  Gannon, Michael. Operation Drumbeat: The Dramatic True Story of Germany's First U-boat Attacks Along the American Coast in World War II. Washington: Naval Institute Press. 1990. ISBN 978-1-59114-302-4.  Hadley, Michael. U-Boats Against Canada: German Submarines in Canadian Waters. Montreal: McGill–Queen's University Press. 1985. ISBN 978-0-7735-0811-8.  Hadley, Michael L. Count Not the Dead: The Popular Image of the German Submarine. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-773512-82-5.  Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert; Steinmetz, Hans-Otto. Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe. Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart. (10 Bände) [The German Warships. Biographies – a Mirror of Naval History from 1815 to the Present. (10 Volumes)] 3. Mundus Verlag. 1993. ISBN 978-3-7822-0211-4 （德语）.  Milner, Marc. Battle of the Atlantic. The History Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-7524-6187-8.  Mitcham, Samuel; Mueller, Gene. Hitler's Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. 2012. ISBN 978-1-44221-153-7.  Mulligan, Timothy. Neither Sharks Nor Wolves: The Men of Nazi Germany's U-boat Army, 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. 2013. ISBN 978-1-61251-080-4.  Padfield, Peter. War Beneath the Sea: Submarine Conflict 1939–1945. London: John Murray. 1995. ISBN 0-7195-5168-4.  Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard. Chronik des Seekrieges 1939–45 [Chronicle of Naval Warfare 1939–45]. Herrsching, Germany: Pawlak. 1968. ISBN 978-3-88199-009-7 （德语）.  Rohwer, Jürgen. War at Sea, 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. 1996. ISBN 978-1-5575-0915-4.  Rohwer, Jürgen. Axis submarine successes of World War Two: German, Italian, and Japanese submarine successes, 1939-1945. Greenhill Books. 1999. ISBN 978-1-55750-029-8.  Rust, Eric. Naval War College Review, Volume XLVI, Number 3, Sequence 343. Newport: United States Navy. 1993. ISBN 0-7195-5168-4.  Scherzer, Veit. Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives]. Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. 2007. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2 （德语）.  Tennent, Alan J. British and Commonwealth Merchant Ship Losses to Axis Submarines, 1939-1945. The History Press: Sutton. 2001. ISBN 978-0-7509-2760-4.  Terraine, John. Business in Great Waters: The U-Boat Wars, 1916–1945. London: Leo Cooper. 1989. ISBN 978-0-85052-760-5.  Thomas, Franz. Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z]. Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. 1998. ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9 （德语）.  Topp, Erich. The Odyssey of a U-Boat Commander: The Recollections of Erich Topp. Westport: Praeger. 1992. ISBN 978-0-275-93898-7.  Vause, Jordan. Wolf: U-boat Commanders in World War II. Washington: Naval Institute Press. 1997. ISBN 978-1-55750-874-4.  Das rätselhafte Schicksal von U-869 [The Enigmatic Fate of U-869]. 2 February 2006 [22 January 2020]. ISSN 0038-7452 （德语）.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助) Bub, Andrew S. SSI updates sub sim's graphics. CNN.com. 12 October 1999 [22 January 2020].