泰国银行

13°46′06″N 100°30′07″E﻿ / ﻿13.768335°N 100.50208°E﻿ / 13.768335; 100.50208 泰国央行（泰語：ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย，英語：Bank of Thailand）是泰王国的中央银行，总部设于曼谷。其成立之初为泰国国家银监局，后到1942年4月28日政府发布《1942年泰国银行法案》（英語：Bank of Thailand Act, B.E.2485），法案规定将所有中央银行之职能全部划归新设之泰国央行，同年12月10日，泰国央行正式开始运作。 16世紀初，歐洲列強开始來到中南半岛。至19世紀末，英国及法国已經分別在暹羅東西兩邊分别建立英屬印度和法屬印度支那。19世纪中期，即泰王拉瑪五世及拉瑪六世统治时期，当时西方列强数次试图为暹羅建立一个央行以发行货币。然而泰王相信这些权力必须保留给泰国独立行使，而当时也缺乏经验及专业知识去设立，因此建立计划被搁置。 二十世纪三十年代，美国爆发經濟大恐慌並席捲了全世界，直接导致了暹罗1932年6月的不流血宪政革命，而暹罗自此成為君主立憲制國家。此时新成立的政府也因经济危机，认为有必要建立一个中央银行以作为一个关键机构来实施国家的经济政策。但是此时的暹罗国内并没有一个完善的银行体系，也没有足够的资金及经验，因此“国家银行建立法案”在起草阶段就被放弃，没有公布。 到了1935年10月26日，泰国国会通过了《泰国国家银监局建立法案》（英語：Act on the Establishment of the Thai National Banking Bureau）。随后泰国国家银监局於1940年5月13日开始运营。但此时二战已经爆发一年之久，日本於1941年12月7日發動太平洋戰爭，由于已经与泰國事先簽訂了《日泰同盟條約（英语：Treaty between Thailand and Japan (1940)）》，日本并没有入侵泰国，但是日本向泰国政府要求建立一个由日本籍人士担任顾问的中央银行，泰国政府拒绝了日本的要求，但不久后於1942年4月28日发布了《1942年泰国银行法案》（英語：Bank of Thailand Act, B.E.2485），废除了原泰国国家银监局，将所有中央银行之职能全部划归新设之泰国银行。同年12月10日，泰国银行正式开始运作，沿袭至今。 根据《1942年泰国银行法案》之规定，泰国银行之职能为： 制作以及发行货币； 维持金融体系的稳定以及制定货币政策； 管理泰国银行的资产； 为政府提供贷款以及发行国债； 为金融机构提供贷款； 建立支付系统并维系其运作； 监督金融机构之运作； 管控货币汇率系统以及管理国家外汇储备； 管理外汇； 泰国银行截至2014年2月1日共有各级雇员3,771人。其总部最高管理部门为董事会，董事会在管理层分管数个专门委员会，而在事务执行上再於行长之下以不同分工各设若干部门。 以下为总部管理层各专门委员会架构图： 以下为泰国银行行长所辖各执行部门列表: 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：泰国银行 泰国 泰铢 泰国经济 泰国财政部（英语：Ministry of Finance (Thailand)） 在泰国银行网站上的泰国银行博物馆页面； 在泰国银行网站上的泰国银行历史页面； 在泰国银行网站 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）上的泰国银行新闻中心 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）页面； 在泰国银行网站上的《1942年泰国银行法案》全文； Headquarters of The Bank of Thailand. 泰国央行官网. [2014-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-25） （英语）. 273 Samsen Road, Watsamphraya, Phra Nakhon District, Bangkok  About BOT of The Bank of Thailand. 泰国央行官网. [2014-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-13） （英语）. The Bank of Thailand (BOT) was first set up as the Thai National Banking Bureau. The Bank of Thailand Act was promulgated on 28 April 1942 vesting upon the Bank of Thailand the responsibility for all central banking functions. The Bank of Thailand started operations on 10 December 1942.  International Reserves of the Bank of Thailand（ID:EC_XT_030） (PDF). 泰国央行官网. 2014-11-07 [2014-11-19]. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2016-03-04） （英语）.  Interest Rates in Financial Market (2005-present)（ID：FM_RT_001） (PDF). 泰国央行官网. 2014-11-07 [2014-11-19]. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2014-11-29） （英语）. 当前存款利率及贷款利率都截至2014年10月  History of the Bank of Thailand. 泰国银行官网. [2014-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-13） （英语）. The reign of King Rama IV was characterised by fostering relations and trade of Siam with foreign powers. A significant milestone of these relations was the signing of a diplomatic and commercial treaty with England by King Rama IV. The so-called “Bowring Treaty” opened doors of Siam to the world, and also led to numerous similar treaties with other countries. With increasing ties to the West under the reigns of Kings Rama V and VI, there were several attempts by these western powers to establish a central bank for Siam to issue bank notes which would bring about substantial benefits. Yet these attempts did not materialise as the Siamese believed that these powers intended to reap the benefits for themselves. However, it was believed that in principle, having a central bank would serve as a central medium for trade and economy, but the project was shelved due to the lack of experience and expertise at that time.  History of the Bank of Thailand. 泰国银行官网. [2014-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2014年11月13日） （英语）. Shortly after that, the plan to have central bank was revived, when Phraya Phahon Phon Phayuhasena seized power on 20 June 1933. However, the Minister of Finance consulted with James Bexter, the fiscal adviser to the Government at that time, who felt that it was not time to establish a central bank, given the lack of experts on banking issues in Siam, not to mention the lack of capital and the lack of a commercial banking system in the country. The Government pushed forward the project to establish a central bank again in 1935. The Cabinet resolved to have the Ministry of Finance to propose a bill on the Establishment of the National Bank, B.E. 2478 (1935), drafted by Luang Voranitipricha. The bill proposed to incorporate the Siam Commercial Bank Ltd as the national bank. With just a mere eight articles, the bill was regarded as incomprehensive and lacking in details by the Comptroller-General, hence it was not promulgated.  History of the Bank of Thailand. 泰国银行官网. [2014-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2014年11月13日） （英语）. The Thai National Banking Bureau started its operations on 13 May 1940. The official opening ceremony was held on 24 June 1940, which coincided with the National Day then. It was only after more than a year’s operation of the Bureau when the Asia-Pacific Theatre of the Second World War erupted. Japanese troops landed on Thai shores on 8 December 1941. The invading Japanese demanded that the Thai Government set up a central bank comprising Japanese advisers and department heads. Of course the Thai Government could not accept such conditions and requested that Prince Viwat draft a bill to change the status of the Thai National Banking Bureau to a central bank, with immediate effect. Hence the “Bank of Thailand Act” was promulgated on 16 April 1942. The inauguration ceremonies were held on 10 December 1942, which was Constitution Day. On the following day, the Bank of Thailand started its operations at the former offices of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation on Siphraya Road. Prince Viwat assumed the position of the first Governor.  Bank of Thailand Act B.E.2485 ( Updated 3/3/2551) (PDF). 泰国银行官网. [2014-11-19]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-02-24） （英语）.  Roles and Responsibilities of the Bank of Thailand. 泰国银行官网. 2014-11-07 [2014-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-13） （英语）. According to the Bank of Thailand (BOT) Act B.E.2485 as amended by B.E.2551：1. Print and issue banknotes and other security documents；2. Promote monetary stability and formulate monetary policies；3. Manage the BOT’s assets；4.. Provide banking facilities to the government and act as the registrar for the government bonds；5. Provide banking facilities for the financial institutions；6. Establish or Support the establishment of payment system；7. Supervise and examine the financial institutions；8. Manage the country’s foreign exchange rate under the foreign exchange system and manage assets in the currency reserve according to the Currency Act.；9. Control the foreign exchange according to the exchange control act。  Page1 of Bank of Thailand Organization Chart (PDF). 泰国银行官网. 2014-02-01 [2014-11-19]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-11-13） （英语）. Manpower : 3,771，As of Feb. 1, 2014  Bank of Thailand Organization Chart (PDF). 泰国银行官网. 2014-02-01 [2014-11-19]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-11-13） （英语）.  Roles and Responsibilities of the THE HEAD OFFICE of the Bank of Thailand. 泰国银行官网. [2014-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-13） （英语）.  ผู้ว่าการอดีตถึงปัจจุบัน. 泰国银行官网. [2014-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-30） （泰语）.  Mr.Prasarn Trairatvorakul of The Bank of Thailand. 泰国银行官网. [2014-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-29） （英语）. Dr. Prasarn Trairatvorakul has been appointed on October 1st, 2010 to be the 22nd Governor of the Bank of Thailand, the country’s Central Bank. Prior to this appointment, Dr. Prasarn has worked in the top positions of a number of public and private organizations, including the Securities and Exchange Commission of Thailand and Kasikornbank Pcl.