唐冠螺科

唐冠螺科（學名：Cassidae）:171，亦作冠螺科，是一個腹足綱軟體動物的科，其物種為中型到大型、甚至很大型的海螺。舊屬中腹足目及異腹足目，今屬玉黍螺類支序鶉螺總科。 本科現時有約60個物種，例如：万宝螺（Cypraecassis rufa）。 若按唐冠螺屬的學名來命名，本科的學名應作「Cassididae」，但這樣就會跟另一種甲蟲分類龜金花蟲科 的學名Cassididae Stephens, 1831 (基於Cassida Linnaeus, 1758，金花蟲科物種，但現時已降格成為龜金花蟲亞科）相衝。所以ICZN根據Opinion 1023 (1974, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 127-129)，接受了現時的學名，以避免重覆命名的出現。 本科物種分佈於熱帶海域及溫帶的潮間帶，水深可達100米。日間會埋在海底的沙裡，到晚上才出來活動。 本物種螺殼的手性均為右旋。體型通常很大。螺厣長圓形，薄而且有尖刺，能完全覆蓋其長長的殼口。水管溝直或微彎。殼口外唇較厚，內裡有齒。 本科物種的外套膜很大，腹足大而且厚肉。頭部有可伸縮的長鼻，可協助捕食。眼睛在一對觸角的基部。 本科物種以棘皮動物（特別是海膽）為食：冠螺科物種的頭部有長長的口器，連接兩個大大的長鼻腺，可分泌出一種含豐富硫酸的分泌液。冠螺會先用其腹足夾緊海膽，然後再分泌酸液在其外殼融解出一個洞，再從這個洞伸進齒舌去刮食海膽的肉。 在布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)，作者依從Riedel (1995)，唐冠螺科仍然被列作鶉螺科（Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825)）之下的一個亞科（Cassinae Latreille, 1825），直到Beu (2008)在他的著作《Revision of the deep-water Cassidae》才將本分類提升到科級層次。 本科包括下列各屬： 唐冠螺亞科 Cassinae Latreille, 1825 == 卵螺亞科 Oocorythinae P. Fischer, 1885 唐冠螺屬 Cassis Scopoli, 1777:79 万宝螺属 Cypraecassis Stutchbury, 1837 Dalium Dall, 1889 Eucorys Beu, 2008 粗皮鬘螺屬 Galeodea Link, 1807 == 粗皮卵螺屬 Galeoocorys Kuroda & Habe, 1957 Haydenia Gabb, 1864 † Microsconsia Beu, 2008 卵螺属 Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884 Sconsia Gray, 1847 鬘螺亞科 Phaliinae Beu, 1981 Casmaria H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853 Echinophoria Sacco, 1890 鬘螺属 Phalium Link, 1807 - bonnet shells Semicassis Mörch, 1852 以下各屬被認為是異名： Bathygalea Woodring & Olsson, 1957: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890 Benthodolium Verrill & Smith [in Verrill], 1884: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884 Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807 Bezoardicella Habe, 1961: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807 Cassidaria Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807 Cassidea Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Cassis Scopoli, 1777 Echinora Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807 Euspinacassis Finlay, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890 Hadroocorys Quinn, 1980: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884 Morio Montfort, 1810: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807 Taieria Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807 † Trachydolium Howe, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890 Xenogalea Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852 Xenophalium Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852 Casmaria erinaceus Cassis cornuta Cypraecassis rufa Galeodea rugosa Phalium bandatum Semicassis granulata 已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。 Some helmet shells are carved into cameos, starting in Italy in 1820. The king helmet Cassis tuberosa was the first species to be made into cameos. The black helmet Cassis madagascariensis, also known as Cassis cameo, has a dark brown or a claret-coloured shell layer under a yellowish outer layer. This gives it an onyx appearance and makes it one of the most useful shells for cameos. The red helmet Cypraecassis rufa gives a sardonyx-like appearance because it has sard-coloured bands under its pale outer coating. The horned helmet Cassis cornuta produces a white figure on an orange background. It is also used as a trumpet by native Filipinos. 賴景陽. 台灣貝類圖鑑. 貓頭鷹出版社. 2005-10. ISBN 986-7415-58-2 （中文（繁體））.  Gofas, S. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. , 编. Cassidae. WoRMS. 2010 [2011-01-19] –通过WoRMS.  Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.  Hughes, RN; Hughes, HPI. Morphological and Behavioural Aspects of Feeding in the Cassidae (Tonnacea, Mesogastropoda). Malacologia. 1981, 20 (2): 385–402 [2017-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-29）.  Riedel, F. An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology. 1995, 32 (4): 97–132 （英语）.  Beu, Alan G. Recent Deep-water Cassidae of the World. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda) (PDF). Héros, V.; Cowie, R.H.; Bouchet, P. (编). Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Volume 25 196. 2008-12-02: 269–387 [2020-06-10]. ISBN 978-2-85653-614-8. （原始内容存档于2020-10-21） （英语）.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助) Dance, S. Peter. 世界貝殼圖鑑 2nd. 2008.  Abbott, R.T. (1968). The Helmet Shells of the World (Cassidae) Part 1. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 2(9): 7-201 Kreipl K. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 151 p 维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：唐冠螺科 http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id402143/（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） accessed 8 January 2010 Checklist of Mollusca ITIS Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. 2005. Offshore Shells of Southern Africa ISBN 0-620-33607-2 http://www.gastropods.com/Taxon_pages/Family_CASSIDAE.shtml#CASSIDAECASSINAE（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/987895.htm[永久失效連結]