擬桿菌屬

擬桿菌屬（學名：Bacteroides）又稱類桿菌屬，是細菌中的一個屬，是人類大腸中的非病原性優勢菌種。革兰氏阴性菌。不形成孢子、厌氧和杆状细菌，是人类常驻菌群，同时也是肠道组成的重要基石菌属，与人类具有共生的关系。 擬桿菌屬被歸類在革蘭氏陰性菌和專性厭氧菌中。不同於其他細菌的是，擬桿菌屬的細胞膜上帶有鞘磷脂。這一細菌種類中以鬆脆類桿菌較為有名。 本属包括以下物种： 产酸拟杆菌 Bacteroides acidifaciens Miyamoto and Itoh 2000 Bacteroides amylophilus Hamlin and Hungate 1956 Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977 Bacteroides barnesiae Lan et al., 2006 Bacteroides bivius Holdeman and Johnson 1977 Bacteroides buccae Holdeman et al., 1982 Bacteroides buccalis Shah and Collins 1982 粪拟杆菌 Bacteroides caccae Johnson et al., 1986 Bacteroides caecicola Irisawa et al., 2016 Bacteroides caecigallinarum Saputra et al., 2015 Bacteroides caecimuris Lagkouvardos et al., 2016 多毛拟杆菌 Bacteroides capillosus (Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957 Bacteroides capillus Kornman and Holt 1982 Bacteroides cellulosilyticus Robert et al., 2007 溶纤维素拟杆菌 Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al., 1984 毛丝鼠拟杆菌 Bacteroides chinchillae Kitahara et al., 2011 Bacteroides clarus Watanabe et al., 2010 Bacteroides coagulans Eggerth and Gagnon 1933 Bacteroides coprocola Kitahara et al., 2005 Bacteroides coprophilus Hayashi et al., 2007 Bacteroides coprosuis Whitehead et al., 2005 Bacteroides corporis Johnson and Holdeman 1983 Bacteroides denticola Shah and Collins 1982 Bacteroides disiens Holdeman and Johnson 1977 Bacteroides distasonis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933 Bacteroides dorei Bakir et al., 2006 埃氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides eggerthii Holdeman and Moore 1974 Bacteroides endodontalis van Steenbergen et al., 1984 Bacteroides faecalis Yu et al., 2019 Bacteroides faecichinchillae Kitahara et al., 2012 Bacteroides faecis Kim et al., 2010 Bacteroides faecium Kim et al. 2023 Bacteroides finegoldii Bakir et al., 2006 Bacteroides fluxus Watanabe et al., 2010 福赛斯拟杆菌 Bacteroides forsythus Tanner et al., 1986 脆弱拟杆菌 Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani et Chalmers 1919 Bacteroides furcosus (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al., 1937 Bacteroides galacturonicus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987 Bacteroides gallinaceus Irisawa et al., 2016，也拼作：Bacteroides gallinaceum Bacteroides gallinarum Lan et al., 2006 Bacteroides gingivalis Coykendall et al., 1980 Bacteroides goldsteinii Song et al., 2006 纤细拟杆菌 Bacteroides gracilis Tanner et al., 1981 Bacteroides graminisolvens Nishiyama et al., 2009 Bacteroides helcogenes Benno et al., 1983 Bacteroides heparinolyticus Okuda et al., 1985 人脸拟杆菌 Bacteroides humanifaecis Kim et al. 2023 Bacteroides hypermegas Harrison and Hansen 1963 Bacteroides intermedius (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Johnson and Holdeman 1983 Bacteroides intestinalis Bakir et al., 2006 朝鲜拟杆菌 Bacteroides koreensis Shin et al., 2017 Bacteroides kribbi Shin et al., 2017 利氏拟杆菌 Bacteroides levii (ex Holdeman et al., 1977) Johnson and Holdeman 1983 Bacteroides loescheii Holdeman and Johnson 1982 卢洪洲拟杆菌 Bacteroides luhongzhouii Ge et al. 2021，以卢洪洲的名字命名 Bacteroides luti Hatamoto et al., 2014 Bacteroides macacae (Slots and Genco 1980) Coykendall et al., 1980 马赛拟杆菌 Bacteroides massiliensis Fenner et al., 2005 产黑色素拟杆菌 Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939 屎拟杆菌 Bacteroides merdae Johnson et al., 1986 多形拟杆菌 Bacteroides multiformis Liu et al. 2021 Bacteroides microfusus Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978 Bacteroides multiacidus Mitsuoka et al., 1974 鼠拟杆菌 Bacteroides muris Fokt et al. 2023 Bacteroides nodosus (Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963 Bacteroides nordii Song et al., 2005，以卡尔·埃里克·诺德（Carl Erik Nord）的名字命名，他在厌氧细菌学和肠道细菌学方面做出了贡献 Bacteroides ochraceus (Prévot et al., 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972 Bacteroides oleiciplenus Watanabe et al., 2010 Bacteroides oralis Loesche et al., 1964 Bacteroides oris Holdeman et al., 1982 Bacteroides oulorum Shah et al., 1985 卵形拟杆菌 Bacteroides ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933 Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus Ueki et al., 2011 Bacteroides pectinophilus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987 Bacteroides pentosaceus Shah and Collins 1982 Bacteroides plebeius Kitahara et al., 2005 侵肺拟杆菌 Bacteroides pneumosintes (Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970 Bacteroides polypragmatus Patel and Breuil 1982 Bacteroides praeacutus (Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970 Bacteroides propionicifaciens Ueki et al., 2008 Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) Kelly 1957 Bacteroides pyogenes Benno et al., 1983 Bacteroides reticulotermitis Sakamoto and Ohkuma 2013 Bacteroides rhinocerotis Li et al. 2024 Bacteroides rodentium Kitahara et al., 2011 赤拟杆菌 Bacteroides ruber Bacteroides ruminicola Bryant et al., 1958 Bacteroides salanitronis Lan et al., 2006 Bacteroides salivosus Love et al., 1987 Bacteroides salyersae Song et al., 2005 Bacteroides salyersiae corrig. Song et al., 2005 Bacteroides sartorii Clavel et al., 2010 Bacteroides splanchnicus Werner et al., 1975 Bacteroides stercorirosoris Kitahara et al., 2012 粪便拟杆菌 Bacteroides stercoris Johnson et al., 1986 Bacteroides succinogenes Hungate 1950 猪拟杆菌 Bacteroides suis Benno et al., 1983 隐蔽拟杆菌 Bacteroides tectum Love et al., 1986 Bacteroides tectus corrig. Love et al., 1986 Bacteroides termitidis (Sebald, 1962) Holdeman and Moore, 1970 多形拟杆菌 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso 1912) Castellani et Chalmers 1919 帝汶拟杆菌 Bacteroides timonensis Ramasamy et al. 2014 同型拟杆菌 Bacteroides uniformis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933，单形拟杆菌 解脲拟杆菌 Bacteroides urealtyicus Bacteroides ureolyticus Jackson and Goodman 1978 Bacteroides veroralis Watabe et al., 1983 Bacteroides vicugnae 普通拟杆菌 Bacteroides vulgatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933 Bacteroides xylanisolvens Chassard et al., 2008 Bacteroides xylanolyticus Scholten-Koerselman et al., 1988 张文宏拟杆菌 Bacteroides zhangwenhongii Ge et al. 2021，以张文宏的名字命名 Bacteroides zoogleoformans (Weinberg et al., 1937) Cato et al., 1982 Bacteroides Castellani & Chalmers, 1919. GBIF. [2022-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-08）.  Kim J, Song HS, Kim JY, Whon TW, Chung WH, Nam YD, Choi YE, Roh SW. Bacteroides faecium sp. nov. isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5666. Kim HS, Kim JS, Suh MK, Eom MK, Lee JH, Park SH, Kang SW, Lee DH, Yoon H, Lee JH, et al. Bacteroides humanifaecis sp. nov., isolated from faeces of healthy Korean. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:357. Ge Y, Zhang G, Yang J, Lai XH, Jin D, Lu S, Pu J, Huang Y, Luo X, Zheng H, et al. Bacteroides luhongzhouii sp. nov. and Bacteroides zhangwenhongii sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4772. Fokt H, Unni R, Repnik U, Schmitz RA, Bramkamp M, Baines JF, Unterweger D. Bacteroides muris sp. nov. isolated from the cecum of wild-derived house mice. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:546. Li X, Sun P, Gong L, Shi W, Xiang Z, Li M, Su L, Qin C. Bacteroides rhinocerotis sp. nov., isolated from the fresh feces of rhinoceros in Beijing Zoo. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:169. Bacteroides vicugnae sp. nov. isolated from the fecal material of an alpaca.. sciencedirect. [2024-05-22].  Ge Y, Zhang G, Yang J, Lai XH, Jin D, Lu S, Pu J, Huang Y, Luo X, Zheng H, et al. Bacteroides luhongzhouii sp. nov. and Bacteroides zhangwenhongii sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4772.