牡蠣屬

牡蠣屬（學名：Ostrea）是牡蠣目牡蠣科之下的一個海洋雙殼綱軟體動物的屬，其物種均可食用。 本屬物種的歷史非常悠久：其化石紀錄最遠可追遡至二叠纪到第四紀期間（2.59億年前至現在），而且遍佈全世界。 現時本屬之下有約150個化石種。 當中加州（英语：Central California）太平洋海岸進行考古学發掘之時，至少有一個本屬物種（當中包括Ostrea lurida（英语：Ostrea lurida））的化石被發掘出來。這表明了早期的美國原住民丘马什人以這些物種為其食物來源。 過往本屬物種最高曾多達400個，但現時絕大多數均已被分到不同的屬去。截至2018年7月4日 (2018-07-04)[update]，WoRMS紀錄的物種計有： Ostrea angelica Rochebrune, 1895 Ostrea arcula Marwick, 1928 † Ostrea atherstonei Newton, 1913 Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1844 Ostrea circumpicta Pilsbry, 1904 Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857 密鱗牡蠣 Ostrea denselamellosa (Lischke（英语：Karl Emil Lischke）, 1869)：又名拖鞋牡蠣。 Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 Ostrea futamiensis Seki, 1929 Ostrea libella Weisbord, 1964 Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864 †Ostrea margaritae Pilsbry, 1918 Ostrea megodon Hanley, 1846 Ostrea oleomargarita Oliver, Salvi, and Al-Kandari Ostrea puelchana d'Orbigny, 1842 Ostrea stentina Payraudeau, 1826 †Ostrea tatei Suter, 1913 †Ostrea waitangiensis Marwick, 1928 異名 †Ostrea albertensis Russell & Landes, 1937 Ostrea angasi Sowerby, 1846 †Ostrea angulata Sowerby, 1840 †Ostrea angusta Deshayes, 1824 †Ostrea anomialis Lamarck, 1819 †Ostrea antarctica Zinsmeister, 1984 †Ostrea arenicola Tate, 1886 Ostrea aupouria Dinamani, 1981 †Ostrea beloiti Logan, 1899 †Ostrea bicolor Hanley, 1854 †Ostrea blackensis Stephenson, 1923 †Ostrea brongniarti Bronn, 1856 Ostrea californica Mareon, 1858 †Ostrea carolinensis Conrad, 1832 †Ostrea castellobrancoi Maury 1936 †Ostrea cochlear Poli, 1795 †Ostrea compressirostra Say, 1824 †Ostrea costaricensis Olsson, 1922 緣齒牡蠣 Ostrea crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871:82：今作Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)。 Ostrea crenulimarginata Gabb, 1860 Ostrea cristata Born, 1778 †Ostrea cubitus Deshayes, 1832 Ostrea cumingiana Dunker, 1846 †Ostrea cynthiae Maury, 1912 †Ostrea democraciana Hodson et al., 1927 †Ostrea dorsalis Azzaroli, 1958 Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758- Edible oyster or Belon oyster（英语：Belon oyster） 棘刺牡蠣 Ostrea echinata †Ostrea edwilsoni Stoyanow, 1949 †Ostrea eorivularis Oyama & Mizuno, 1958 Ostrea equestris (Say（英语：Thomas Say）, 1834)- Crested oyster（英语：Crested oyster） Ostrea erici Hertlein, 1929 Ostrea flavicans Linnaeus, 1758 葉片牡蠣 Ostrea folium :82：又名薄片牡蠣，今作Dendostrea folium。 †Ostrea forskali Chemnitz, 1785 †Ostrea fraasi Mayer-Eymar, 1888 †Ostrea frondosa de Serres, 1829 †Ostrea gajensis Vredenburg, 1928 †Ostrea gingensis Schlotheim, 1813 Ostrea glabra Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea golfotristensis Maury 1912 †Ostrea haleyi Hertlein, 1933 †Ostrea hippopus Tate, 1886 舌骨牡蠣 Ostrea hyotis :82 †Ostrea hyotidoidea Tate, 1899 †Ostrea imbricata Lamarck, 1819 †Ostrea incisa Martin, 1883 †Ostrea invalida White, 1887 Ostrea iridescens Gray, 1854 †Ostrea jogjacartensis Martin, 1914 †Ostrea khamirensis Cox, 1936 †Ostrea latimarginata Vredenburg, 1908 †Ostrea longirostris Lamarck, 1806 †Ostrea ludensis Deshayes, 1861 †Ostrea lutaria Hutton, 1885 Ostrea maculosa Forskål, 1775 †Ostrea manubriata Tate, 1887 †Ostrea marginidentata Wood, 1861 †Ostrea matercula de Verneuil, 1845 †Ostrea mauricensis Gabb, 1860 †Ostrea mesenterica Morton, 1834 †Ostrea messor Maury, 1925 †Ostrea minbuensis Cotter, 1923 †Ostrea minerensis Russell & Landes, 1937 Ostrea minuta Linnaeus, 1758 Ostrea miradorensis Olsson, 1931 †Ostrea monetalis Martin, 1931 咬齒牡蠣 Ostrea mordax ：今作黑齒牡蠣 †Ostrea negritensis Olsson, 1928 †Ostrea normali Gardner, 1926 Ostrea obliterata Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea pangadiensis Hislop, 1859 †Ostrea paracasensis Rivera, 1957 †Ostrea parasitica Gmelin, 1791 †Ostrea paroxis Lesueur, 1829 †Ostrea parrensis Vega et al., 1999 †Ostrea pejerreyensis Rivera, 1957 Ostrea pellucens Linnaeus, 1758 Ostrea pesfelis Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea petrosa Fuchs, 1879 †Ostrea peytoni Richards, 1947 †Ostrea pileosimilis Martin, 1931 Ostrea plicatula Gmelin, 1791 †Ostrea portoricoensis Hubbard, 1920 †Ostrea princeps Woods, 1850 †Ostrea procyonis Maury, 1924 †Ostrea prona Wood, 1861 †Ostrea protoimbricata Vredenburg, 1928 †Ostrea pseudocrassissima Fuchs, 1878 †Ostrea pseudodigitalina Fuchs, 1879 †Ostrea pseudorissensis Vredenburg, 1928 †Ostrea pulaskensis Harris, 1892 Ostrea radula Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea raveneliana Tuomey & Holmes, 1855 †Ostrea resupinata Deshayes, 1858 Ostrea retusa Sowerby, 1871 †Ostrea russelli Russell & Landes, 1937 †Ostrea samanensis Olsson, 1928 Ostrea sanguinea Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea saxitoniana McLearn, 1929 †Ostrea seymourensis Zinsmeister, 1984 †Ostrea soleniscus Meek, 1893 Ostrea striatula Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea sturtiana Tate, 1886 †Ostrea subangulata d'Orbigny, 1852 †Ostrea submissa Deshayes, 1864 †Ostrea subradiosa Bohm, 1926 Ostrea superficialis Forskål, 1775 †Ostrea tacalensis Hodson et al., 1927 †Ostrea tayloriana Gabb, 1866 †Ostrea thalassoklusta Maury, 1912 大連灣牡蠣 Ostrea talienwhanensis Ostrea tridacnaeformis Cox, 1927 †Ostrea turkestanensis Romanovski, 1880 †Ostrea uncinta Lamarck, 1806 †Ostrea ungulata Nyst, 1843 †Ostrea ventilabrum Goldfuss, 1826 †Ostrea vestita Fuchs, 1883 †Ostrea wiedenmayeri Hodson et al., 1927 †Ostrea wollastoni Finlay, 1927 Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Ostrea Linnaeus, 1758. MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –通过WoRMS.  Ostrea. Paleobiology Database.  J.D. Dana (1996) C.M. Hogan, 2008 Daniele Salvi, Manal Al-Kandari, P. Graham Oliver, Emanuele Berrilli,, and Matteo Garzia. 2022. Cryptic Marine Diversity in the Northern Arabian Gulf: An Integrative Approach Uncovers a New Species of Oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Ostrea oleomargarita. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 7058975. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7058975 Daniele Salvi, Manal Al-Kandari, P. Graham Oliver, Emanuele Berrilli,, and Matteo Garzia. 2023. Corrigendum: Salvi D, Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Berrilli E, Garzia M. 2022. Cryptic marine diversity in the northern Arabian Gulf: an integrative approach uncovers a new species of oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Ostrea oleomargarita. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 7058975. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7058975. ZooKeys. 1143: 89-92. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1143.100087 鄭成興; 黃宗國; 張良興; 李傳燕; 李福榮. 琅玡灣附着生物和鑽孔生物的初步研究. 海洋學報. 1984, 6 (1): 81–89 [2018-07-04]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-04） （中文（简体））.  Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Ostrea crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871. MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –通过WoRMS.  Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871). MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –通过WoRMS.  James Dwight Dana (1996) Manual of Geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American Geological History, American Book Co., 1088 pages C.Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：牡蠣屬 維基物種上的相關信息：牡蠣屬