英语不规则动词

英语中有大约 200 个不规则动词，如果把前缀派生词也计算在内的话，则会更多。在大多数情况下，不规则动词的不规则性体现在过去式和过去分词上。 通常来说，不规则动词的第三人称单数和现在分词的屈折变化（分别是加 -[e]s 或 -ing 后缀）是规则的，但也有一些例外：如动词 be, have, do, go, say 等。有些情态动词则没有部分屈折形态。 英语中的不规则动词包含了日常生活中最常用的动词。英语中的新词（如外来词）往往遵循一般的屈折变化，除非它们的词根是一个不规则动词（如 housesit 遵循和 sit 一样的不规则屈折变化）。 现代英语中的许多不规则动词由日耳曼语强变化动词派生而来，这些动词往往通过元音变换来体现屈折形式，比如现代英语中 sing-sang-sung。相对的，规则动词在词尾加 -ed 的屈折变化，则是来源于日耳曼语弱变化动词在词尾加齿音（-t 或 -d）的习惯。 有关动词英语中规则动词变位的信息，可参见英语动词条目。 本列表包含 204 个标签现代英语中常用的不规则动词。罕用的、仅在方言中使用的，或是参古旧的用法不包含在此列表内。通过给基础动词加上前缀形成的大部分动词（如 unbend, understand, mistake 等）也不包含在内。不收录非限定动词（如 clad, sodden 等）。 完整的列表请参见英语不规则动词列表。每个单词的发音及释义，请参见维基词典。 a- : for abide, arise, awake, see bide, rise, wake be (am, is, are) – was, were – been be- : for become, befall, beset, etc. see come, fall, set, etc. bear – bore – borne [spelt born in passive and adjectival uses relating to birth] beat – beat – beaten beget – begot – begot(ten) [Biblical past tense: begat] begin – began – begun bend – bent – bent bet – bet – bet [past tense and participle also sometimes betted] beware – [defective] bid – bid – bid [as in an auction] bid – bade/bid – bidden/bid [meaning "request"] bide – bided/bode – bided/bidden [but abide mostly uses the regular forms only] bind – bound – bound bite – bit – bitten bleed – bled – bled blow – blew – blown break – broke – broken breed – bred – bred bring – brought – brought build – built – built burn – burnt/burned – burnt/burned burst – burst – burst buy – bought – bought can – could [defective] cast – cast – cast [prefixed forms broadcast, forecast, etc. sometimes take -ed] catch – caught – caught choose – chose – chosen clad – clad/cladded – clad/cladded [clad is also sometimes used as past form of clothe] cleave – clove/cleft – cloven/cleft [but regular when meaning "adhere"] cling – clung – clung come – came – come cost – cost – cost [but regular when meaning "calculate the cost of"] creep – crept/creeped – crept/creeped crow – crowed/crew – crowed [crew normally used only of a cock's crowing] cut – cut – cut dare – regular except for possible third person singular present dare deal – dealt – dealt dig – dug – dug dive – dived/dove – dived [the form dove is chiefly American] do (does /dʌz/) – did – done drag – dragged/drug – dragged/drug [the form drug is chiefly dialectal] draw – drew – drawn dream – dreamed/dreamt – dreamed/dreamt drink – drank – drunk drive – drove – driven dwell – dwelt/dwelled – dwelt/dwelled eat – ate – eaten fall – fell – fallen feed – fed – fed feel – felt – felt fight – fought – fought find – found – found fit – fit/fitted – fit/fitted flee – fled – fled fling – flung – flung fly – flew – flown [the form flied is common in the baseball sense] for(e)- : for forgo, foresee, etc. see go, see, etc. forbid – forbade/forbid – forbidden forget – forgot – forgotten forsake – forsook – forsaken freeze – froze – frozen get – got – gotten/got [past participle got in British English, gotten in American, but see have got] gild – gilded/gilt – gilded/gilt give – gave – given go – went – gone [see also have been] grind – ground – ground grow – grew – grown hang – hung/hanged – hung/hanged [the form hanged is more common in the sense of execution by hanging] have (has) – had – had hear – heard – heard hew – hewed – hewn/hewed hide – hid – hidden hit – hit – hit hoist – hoist/hoisted – hoist/hoisted hold – held – held hurt – hurt – hurt in- : for inlay, input, etc. see lay, put, etc. inter- : for interlay, interweave, etc. see lay, weave, etc. keep – kept – kept kneel – knelt/kneeled – knelt/kneeled knit – knit/knitted – knit/knitted know – knew – known lay – laid – laid lead – led – led lean – leaned/leant – leaned/leant leap – leaped/leapt – leaped/leapt learn – learned/learnt – learned/learnt leave – left – left lend – lent – lent let – let – let lie – lay – lain [but regular when meaning "tell an untruth"] light – lit/lighted – lit/lighted lose – lost – lost make – made – made may – might [defective] mean – meant – meant meet – met – met mis- : for misspeak, mistake, etc. see speak, take, etc. mow – mowed – mowed/mown must – [defective] need – regular except for possible third person singular present need off- : for offset see set, etc. ought – [defective] out- : for outbid, output, etc. see bid, put, etc. over- : for overbid, overdo, etc. see bid, do, etc. pay – paid – paid [but sometimes spelt regularly when meaning "let out" (rope etc.)] plead – pleaded/pled – pleaded/pled pre- : for prepay, preset, etc. see pay, set, etc. prove – proved – proved/proven put – put – put quit – quit – quit re- : for redo, remake, etc. see do, make, etc. read /riːd/ – read /rɛd/ – read /rɛd/ rend – rent – rent rid – rid/ridded – rid/ridded/ridden ride – rode – ridden ring – rang – rung rise – rose – risen run – ran – run saw – sawed – sawn/sawed say (says /sɛz/) – said – said see – saw – seen seek – sought – sought sell – sold – sold send – sent – sent set – set – set sew – sewed – sewn/sewed shake – shook – shaken shall – should [defective] shear – sheared/shore – shorn/sheared shed – shed – shed shine – shone/shined – shone/shined shit – shat/shit/shitted – shat/shit/shitted shoe – shoed/shod – shoed/shod shoot – shot – shot show – showed – shown/showed shrink – shrank/shrunk – shrunk shrive – shrove – shriven shut – shut – shut sing – sang – sung sink – sank – sunk sit – sat – sat slay – slew/slayed – slain/slayed sleep – slept – slept slide – slid – slid sling – slung – slung slink – slunk – slunk slit – slit – slit smell – smelled/smelt – smelled/smelt smite – smote – smitten sneak – sneaked/snuck – sneaked/snuck [snuck is chiefly American, is regarded as informal and is only cited from 1887] sow – sowed – sown/sowed speak – spoke – spoken speed – sped/speeded – sped/speeded spell – spelled/spelt – spelled/spelt spend – spent – spent spill – spilled/spilt – spilled/spilt spin – spun – spun spit – spat/spit – spat/spit [the form spit rather than spat is common in America] split – split – split spoil – spoiled/spoilt – spoiled/spoilt spread – spread – spread spring – sprang/sprung – sprung stand – stood – stood stave – staved/stove – staved/stove steal – stole – stolen stick – stuck – stuck sting – stung – stung stink – stank – stunk strew – strewed – strewn/strewed stride – strode – stridden/strode strike – struck – struck/stricken string – strung – strung strive – strove/strived – striven/strived swear – swore – sworn sweat – sweated/sweat – sweated/sweat sweep – swept – swept swell – swelled – swollen/swelled swim – swam – swum swing – swung – swung take – took – taken teach – taught – taught tear – tore – torn tell – told – told think – thought – thought throw – threw – thrown thrust – thrust/thrusted – thrust/thrusted tread – trod – trodden/trod un- : for unbend, unweave, etc. see bend, weave, etc. under- : for underlie, undergo, understand, etc. see lie, go, stand, etc. up- : for upset see set, etc. wake – woke – woken wear – wore – worn weave – wove – woven wed – wed/wedded – wed/wedded weep – wept – wept wet – wet/wetted – wet/wetted will – would [defective] win – won – won wind – wound – wound [but regular in the meanings connected with air and breath] with- : for withdraw, withhold, withstand, see draw, hold, stand wring – wrang/wrung – wrung write – wrote – written Algeo, John; Pyles, Thomas. The Origins and Development of the English Language. Cengage Learning. 2009: 171 [7 February 2013]. ISBN 9781428231450.  For example, forecasted is acceptable as the past participle and past simple of the verb forecast, especially in some technical meanings. See www.usingenglish.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Oxford English Dictionary （英文） 维基词典：英语不规则动词表