格利泽412

Gliese 412是一個位於大熊座的雙星系統。 距離太陽16光年。這兩個組成部分都是相對暗淡的紅矮星。 該系統的兩個恆星組成部分的預計距離約為152天文單位，估計的軌道半長軸為190天文單位。 主星大約有太陽質量的48% ，而伴星只有10%。 主星的自轉速度小於3公里/秒；伴星的自轉速度為7.7±1.7 公里/秒。 該系統的空間速度分量為 U = 141、V = –7 和 W = 7。它們是銀河系成員。 伴星是一顆耀星，被稱為 WX 大熊座。它的特徵是一顆UV Ceti型變星，光度偶爾會增加。早在1939年，荷蘭天文學家阿德里安·范馬納恩就觀測到了這顆恆星的耀斑。 伴星 (WX 大熊座)已被確定為X 射線源，而主星未檢測到明顯的 X 射線發射。 視差為 204.059 ±0.169 mas, 代表距離太陽約為 16 光年。 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.  VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录 BD+44 2051. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心.  Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.  VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录 BD+44 2051B. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心.  Nicolet, B. Photoelectric photometric Catalogue of homogeneous measurements in the UBV System. Observatory. 1978. Bibcode:1978ppch.book.....N.  Casagrande, Luca; et al. M dwarfs: effective temperatures, radii and metallicities. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. September 2008, 389 (2): 585–607. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..585C. S2CID 14353142. arXiv:0806.2471 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13573.x.  Evans, D. S. The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities. Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick (编). Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30. University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union. June 20–24, 1966. Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E.  van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V . arXiv:0708.1752 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 . Vizier catalog entry Brown, A. G. A.; et al. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 649: A1. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. S2CID 227254300. arXiv:2012.01533 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 .  已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助) (勘误: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR. The 100 nearest star systems. Research Consortium On Nearby Stars. 2009-09-14 [2009-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-11-12）.  Brown, A. G. A.; et al. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 649: A1. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. S2CID 227254300. arXiv:2012.01533 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 .  已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助) (勘误: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR. Mann, Andrew W.; et al, How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: Measuring Effective Temperature, Bolometric Luminosity, Mass, and Radius, The Astrophysical Journal, May 2015, 804 (1): 38, Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...64M, S2CID 19269312, arXiv:1501.01635 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/64, 64.  Soubiran, C.; Bienaymé, O.; Mishenina, T. V.; Kovtyukh, V. V. Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants. Astronomy and Astrophysics. March 2008, 480 (1): 91–101. Bibcode:2008A&A...480...91S. S2CID 16602121. arXiv:0712.1370 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078788.  Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Perrier, Christian; Mayor, Michel. Rotation and chromospheric activity in field M dwarfs. Astronomy and Astrophysics. March 1998, 331: 581–595. Bibcode:1998A&A...331..581D.  ** VBS 18. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心.  Gould, Andrew; Chanamé, Julio. New Hipparcos-based Parallaxes for 424 Faint Stars. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. February 2004, 150 (2): 455–464. Bibcode:2004ApJS..150..455G. S2CID 8494577. arXiv:astro-ph/0309001 . doi:10.1086/381147.  Reid, I. Neill; Gizis, John E. Low-Mass Binaries and the Stellar Luminosity Function. Astronomical Journal. June 1997, 113: 2246–2269. Bibcode:1997AJ....113.2246R. doi:10.1086/118436.  Joy, Alfred H. Stellar Flares. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Leaflets. June 1967, 10 (456): 41–48. Bibcode:1967ASPL...10...41J.  Schmitt JHMM; Fleming TA; Giampapa MS. The X-Ray View of the Low-Mass Stars in the Solar Neighborhood. Astrophys. J. September 1995, 450 (9): 392–400. Bibcode:1995ApJ...450..392S. doi:10.1086/176149.  鄰近恆星列表 X射线天文学