查理一世的處決

查理一世的處決是指在1649年1月30日，英格蘭、蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭國王查理一世在倫敦白廳國宴廳外公開處決。這次處決源於英格蘭內戰爆發，英國騎士黨和圓顱黨之間發生激烈的政治和軍事衝突。最終導致查理一世在英格蘭內戰中戰敗，被指控是「暴君、叛徒和國家的敵人」，並遭到逮捕並接受審判。1649年1月27日，議會高等司法院（英语：High Court of Justice (1649)）宣布查理一世的罪名成立，將其罪名定為企圖「維護自己身上的無限暴虐權力，按照自己的意願進行統治，並推翻人民的權利和自由」，並判處斬首處決。其後查理一世在聖詹姆士宮度過最後幾天，由他最忠誠的臣民陪同，並接受家屬的探望。 1月30日，查理一世被帶到國宴廳前搭建的黑色鷹架上，並有一大群人聚集。查理一世在斷頭臺發表最後一次演講，宣稱自己無罪，繼續為絕對君主制辯護，並自稱是「人民的烈士」。由於許多議員、衛兵擋住斷頭臺，人群聽不到演講，但查理一世的支持者威廉·賈克森（英语：William Juxon）主教將其速記下來。查爾斯向賈克森說了最後幾句話，便接受匿名劊子手將其斬首，劊子手將查理一世的頭顱舉向人群，不久後將其扔進士兵群中。在這次處決11年過後，英國隨著斯圖亞特王朝復辟而恢復君主制，原先判處查理一世死刑的法官被以弒君罪處死。 Gardiner, Samuel Rawson (编). The Charge against the King. The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution 1625–1660. Oxford University Press. 1906 [2019-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-25）.  Carlton, Charles, Charles I: The Personal Monarch, London: Routledge, 1983, ISBN 978-0-7100-9485-8  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Edwards, Graham, The Last Days of Charles I, Sutton: Sutton Publishing Ltd, 1999, ISBN 978-0-7509-2679-9  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Gardiner, Samuel R., History of The Great Civil War, 1642–1649: Volume 4, 1647–1649, London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1901, OCLC 2567093  Hibbert, Christopher, Charles I, New York: Harper & Row, 1968, OCLC 398731  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Lacey, Andrew, The Cult of King Charles the Martyr, Studies in Modern British Religious History 7, Boydell & Brewer, 2003, ISBN 978-0-85115-922-5, JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt820jm  Robertson, Geoffrey, The Tyrannicide Brief: The Story of the Man who sent Charles I to the Scaffold, London: Chatto & Windus, 2005, ISBN 978-1-4000-4451-1  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Sidney, Philip, The Headsman of Whitehall, Edinburgh: Geo. A. Morton, 1905 [2023-11-29], （原始内容存档于2024-02-02）  Wedgwood, C. V., A Coffin for King Charles: The Trial and Execution of Charles I, New York: Time Incorporated, 1981, OCLC 1029280370  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Beddard, R. A., Wren's Mausoleum for Charles I and the Cult of the Royal Martyr, Architectural History, 1984, 27: 36–49, JSTOR 1568449, S2CID 195031293, doi:10.2307/1568449  Bonney, Richard, The European Reaction to the Trial and Execution of Charles I, Peacey, Jason (编), The Regicides and the Execution of Charles I, London: Palgrave Macmillan: 247–279, 2001, ISBN 978-0-333-80259-5  D'Israeli, Isaac, The Trial and the Decapitation, Disraeli, Benjamin (编), Commentaries on the Life and Reign of Charles the First, King of England 2, London: Henry Colburn: 568–573, 1851, OCLC 717007182  Gheeraert-Graffeuille, Claire, The Tragedy of Regicide in Interregnum and Restoration Histories of the English Civil Wars, Études Épistémè, 2011, 20 (20), doi:10.4000/episteme.430   Holmes, Clive, The Trial and Execution of Charles I, The Historical Journal, 2010, 53 (2): 289–316, S2CID 159524099, doi:10.1017/S0018246X10000026  Kelsey, Sean, The Death of Charles I, The Historical Journal, 2002, 45 (4): 727–754, S2CID 159629005, doi:10.1017/S0018246X02002650  Klein, Daniel P., The Trial of Charles I, The Journal of Legal History, 1997, 18 (1): 1–25, doi:10.1080/01440369708531168  Knachel, Philip A., Introduction, Eikon Basilike: The Portraiture of his Sacred Majesty in his Solitudes and Sufferings, by Charles I, Folger Documents of Tudor and Stuart Civilization, New York: Cornell University Press: xi–xxxii, 1966, OCLC 407343  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Lacey, Andrew, Elegies and Commemorative Verse in Honour of Charles the Martyr, 1649–60, Peacey, Jason (编), The Regicides and the Execution of Charles I, London: Palgrave Macmillan: 225–246, 2001, ISBN 978-0-333-80259-5  Napton, Dani, Historical Romance and the Mythology of Charles I in D'Israeli, Scott and Disraeli, English Studies, 2018, 99 (2): 148–165, S2CID 165213123, doi:10.1080/0013838X.2017.1420617  Peacey, Jason, Introduction, Peacey, Jason (编), The Regicides and the Execution of Charles I, London: Palgrave Macmillan: 1–13, 2001, ISBN 978-0-333-80259-5  Sharpe, Kevin, 'So Hard a Text'? Images of Charles I, 1612-1700, The Historical Journal, 2000, 43 (2): 383–405, JSTOR 3021034, S2CID 159780150, doi:10.1017/S0018246X99001132  Skerpan-Wheeler, Elizabeth, The First 'Royal': Charles I as Celebrity, PMLA, 2011, 126 (4): 912–934, JSTOR 41414167, S2CID 153380267, doi:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.912  Toynbee, M. R., Charles I and the King's Evil, Folklore, 1950, 61 (1): 1–14, JSTOR 1257298, doi:10.1080/0015587X.1950.9717968  Tubb, Amos, Printing the Regicide of Charles I, History, 2004, 89 (4): 500–524, JSTOR 24427624, doi:10.1111/j.0018-2648.2004.t01-1-00310.x  Wedgwood, C. V., European Reaction to the Death of Charles I, The American Scholar, 1965, 34 (3): 431–446, JSTOR 41209297  Wilcher, Robert, What Was the King's Book for?: The Evolution of 'Eikon Basilike', The Yearbook of English Studies, 1991, 21: 218–228, JSTOR 3508490, doi:10.2307/3508490  Worden, Blair, The Execution of Charles I: Blair Worden considers the enduring and sometimes surprising consequences, History Today, 2009, 59 (2) [2023-11-29], （原始内容存档于2024-02-02）