閉央不圓唇元音

閉央不圓唇元音是母音的一種，使用於許多口語語言之中，其國際音標的符號為 ⟨ɨ⟩，另一种符号为 ⟨ï⟩，相對應的X-SAMPA符號則為 ⟨1⟩。 其元音高度為閉，這意指舌頭的位置會盡量接近齒齦，但不會阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。 其元音舌位是央，表示舌的位置是在央元音的地方，大約在前元音和後元音中間。 其圓唇度為不圓唇元音，嘴唇自然放鬆，不特別向前突起。 /ɨ/在印欧语系语言中不是个普遍的音素，主要作为同位异音出现在部分斯拉夫语支语言，如俄语。但它在美洲孤立语言中是非常普遍的音素，且常和/i/、/u/等其它闭元音对立。这在现存语言和其祖语原始犹他-阿兹特克语中都发生。尽管/ɨ/不普遍存在于这一地区，有些學者认为此音素是中美洲语言联盟的区域特征之一。 漢語中的舌尖元音/ɿ/亦有人標示為此音，如：/sɨ͡/。 波兰语 ⟨y⟩常是/ɨ/，但实际上是半闭前移央展唇元音，更精确的记音是[ɘ̟]。相似地，欧洲葡萄牙语的非重读⟨e⟩常被记作/ɨ/，实际上是次闭次后不圆唇元音,更精确的记音使用ad hoc标，如[ɯ̽], [ɯ̟]和[ʊ̜]。 Campbell, Kaufman & Smith-Stark (1986) Hayward & Hayward (1999)，第47頁. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFHaywardHayward1999 (help) Blankenship et al. (1993)，第129頁. Abdel-Massih (1971:15頁) Wells (1982)，第534–535頁. Lodge (2009:174頁) Altendorf & Watt (2004:188–189頁) Mott (2012:75頁) Lass (2002)，第113–115頁. Wells (1982:534頁) Lodge (2009)，第174頁. Phonological inventory of Paraguayan Guarani. South American Phonological Inventory Database. 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