侍女的故事

《侍女的故事》（英語：The Handmaid's Tale）是一本由加拿大女性作家瑪格麗特·愛特伍 於1985年所著的反乌托邦小說。小说的标题呼应了乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）的组成方式，這是個故事集，由某某的故事組成，如「商人的故事」、「帕森的故事」等。 小说續作《證詞》於2019年出版。 《侍女的故事》由两部分组成，分别是夜晚和其他各种活动。 这部小说可以解释为一个双重叙事，侍女奧芙佛瑞德（Offred）的故事，以及侍女們的故事。 夜晚部分只是关于侍女奧芙佛瑞德；其他部分，如购物、候车室，家庭等，是描述每个侍女可能的生活的故事。 描述在不久的未来，美國因為戰亂及其他災禍而瓦解，极权主义基督教重建主义取而代之。在基利國（英语：Republic of Gilead），多數女性地位低落淪為雜役，少數仍具備生育能力的則被選為「侍女」（Handmaid）成為權貴（The Commander）的生產工具。这部小说探讨了女性在征服中的主题以及获得个人主义和独立的各种手段。 《侍女的故事》贏得1985年加拿大總督獎、1987年亞瑟·克拉克獎，也被提名1986年星雲獎，1986年布克獎以及1987年普羅米修斯獎。它已被改編為電影，廣播，歌劇和舞台劇。 《使女的故事（英语：The Handmaid's Tale (film)）》（1990年電影） 《使女的故事（英语：The Handmaid's Tale (opera)）》（2000年歌劇） 《使女的故事》（2017年電視劇） Adami, Valentina. Bioethics Through Literature: Margaret Atwood's Cautionary Tales. Trier: WVT. 2011.  Atwood, Margaret. Bloom, Harold , 编. The Handmaid's Tale. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. 2001.  Cooper, Pamela. 'A Body Story with a Vengeance': Anatomy and Struggle in The Bell Jar and The Handmaid's Tale. Women's Studies. 1997, 26 (1): 89–123. doi:10.1080/00497878.1997.9979152.  Dopp, Jamie. Subject-Position as Victim-Position in The Handmaid's Tale. Studies in Canadian Literature. 1994, 19 (1): 43–57.  Gardner, Laurel J. Pornography as a Matter of Power in The Handmaid's Tale. Notes on Contemporary Literature. 1994, 24 (5): 5–7.  Garretts-Petts, WF. Reading, Writing and the Postmodern Condition: Interpreting Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale. Open Letter. Seventh. 1988, I.  Geddes, Dan. Negative Utopia as Polemic: The Handmaid's Tale. The Satirist. January 2001 [2021-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.  Hammer, Stephanie Barbé. The World as It Will Be? Female Satire and the Technology of Power in The Handmaid's Tale. Modern Language Studies. 1990, XX (2): 39–49. JSTOR 3194826. doi:10.2307/3194826.  Malak, Amin. Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale and the Dystopian Tradition. Canadian Literature. 1987, 112: 9–16.  McCarthy, Mary. No Headline: The Handmaid's Tale (Boston: Houghton Mifflin). The New York Times (review). 9 February 1986 [11 April 2016]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-02）.  Mohr, Dunja M., Worlds Apart: Dualism and Transgression in Contemporary Female Dystopias, Jefferson, NC: McFarland 2005, 2005  Long chapter on The Handmaid's Tale as utopia and dystopia. Myrsiades, Linda. Law, Medicine, and the Sex Slave in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale. Myrsiades, Kostas; Myrsiades, Linda (编). Un-Disciplining Literature: Literature, Law, and Culture. New York: Peter Lang. 1999: 219–45.  Stanners, Barbara; Stanners, Michael; Atwood, Margaret. Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale. Top Notes Literature Guides. Seven Hills, NSW, Australia: Five Senses Education. 2004.  Tennant, Colette. Religion in The Handmaid's Tale: A Brief Guide. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press. 2019. ISBN 9781506456317.  About Speculative Fiction, The Handmaid's Tale Study Guide, Gradesaver, 22 May 2009 [2016-07-09], （原始内容存档于2010-04-19） . Atwood, Margaret, Aliens have taken the place of angels, The Guardian (UK), 17 June 2005 [2016-07-09], （原始内容存档于2021-03-25）, If you're writing about the future and you aren't doing forecast journalism, you'll probably be writing something people will call either science fiction or speculative fiction. I like to make a distinction between science fiction proper and speculative fiction. For me, the science fiction label belongs on books with things in them that we can't yet do, such as going through a wormhole in space to another universe; and speculative fiction means a work that employs the means already to hand, such as DNA identification and credit cards, and that takes place on Planet Earth. But the terms are fluid. Some use speculative fiction as an umbrella covering science fiction and all its hyphenated forms–science fiction fantasy, and so forth–and others choose the reverse. … I have written two works of science fiction or, if you prefer, speculative fiction: The Handmaid's Tale and Oryx and Crake. Here are some of the things these kinds of narratives can do that socially realistic novels cannot do.  Langford 2003 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLangford2003 (help). Atwood, Margaret. Margaret Atwood on What ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ Means in the Age of Trump. The New York Times. 2017-03-10 [2021-10-25]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2017-03-15） （美国英语）.  （英文）Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid's Tale. World Book Club. 英國廣播公司國際頻道. April 2003 [2017-09-20]. （原始内容 (音频文件格式)存档于2017-06-03）. . （英文）The Handmaid's Tale （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 皇家温尼伯芭蕾舞团（英语：Royal Winnipeg Ballet）芭蕾舞