輦道增七

輦道增七（天鹅座β、β Cyg, β Cygni, Beta Cyg）是天鵝座的第五亮星，天鵝座γ、天鵝座δ、和天鵝座ε都比它亮，但因位於天鵝的頭部，所以在拜耳命名法中成為β星。 以肉眼觀看輦道增七是一顆單獨的3等星，但只要低倍數的望遠鏡就可以看出它是雙星，亮的一顆是黃色（它本身又是一對靠得非常近的聯星），使它與光度微弱的藍色伴星在顏色上有著鮮明的對比。 輦道增七距離地球380光年（120秒差距）。以肉眼觀看輦道增七是一顆單獨的恆星，然而，在望遠鏡下它很容易解析成為雙星，包括輦道增七A（琥珀色，視星等3.1等），和輦道增七B（藍-綠色，視星等5.1等），兩星相距35角秒。由於它們在顏色上是互補的，因而成為天空中顏色對比最鮮明的一對恆星。目前仍不確知這對恆星是否是互繞的有物理關係的聯星系統。如果是的話，其軌道週期是可能至少十萬年。 在1976年，使用斑點干涉儀和基特峰國家天文台2.1米望遠鏡，發現伴星A本身是一顆聯星。這對聯星使用干涉儀測量後已經計算出軌道，但因為只觀測過四分之一的軌道，因此軌道參數仍被認為是初步的值。目前兩顆星之間分離的角度大約是0.4角秒，太過接近而難以用目視觀測，因為在常穩定的大氣條件下，目視的解析能力仍只有20"的大小。 輦道增七B是一顆快速自轉的Be星，在赤道的自轉速度至少是250公里/秒。使用光譜儀估計它的表面溫度大約是13,200K 。 因為天鹅座的形狀像是一隻展翅的" 天鹅"，而輦道增七就位于天鹅的头部, 所以有时也称为"鸟嘴星"。輦道增七也与天津四（天鹅座α）、天津二（天鹅座δ）、天津九（天鵝座ε）、和天鹅座η共同构成"北天大十字(北十字)"。 中世紀說阿拉伯語的天文學家稱之為Albireo（minqār al-dajājah，英文的意思是母雞的喙），目前的英文名稱是誤解和翻譯錯誤的結果。人們認為它起源於希臘語的ornis，名稱是天鵝座，轉變成阿拉伯語的urnis座。而在翻譯回拉丁文時，這個名稱被認為是一種藥用植物：鑽果大蒜芥（Erysimum officinale），因此翻譯成拉丁文的該植物名稱ireo。這個短語ab ireo後來又被當成印刷錯誤的阿拉伯語處理，而被轉換成al-bireo。 minqār al-dajājah（منقار ألدجاجة）或Menchir al Dedjadjet的名稱出現在Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket這本恆星目錄中，它翻譯成拉丁文是Rostrum Gallinǣ，意思是母雞的喙。 Høg, E; Fabricius, C; Makarov, V. 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Accessed on line July 24, 2008. p. 196, Star-names and Their Meanings （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Richard Hinckley Allen, New York, G. E. Stechert, 1899. p. 24, The names of the stars and constellations compiled from the Latin, Greek and Arabic, W. H. Higgins, Leicester: Samuel Clarke, 1882. p. 194, Allen. Knobel, E. B. Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. June 1895, 55: 429. Bibcode:1895MNRAS..55..429K.  Albireo as a Triple Star（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Photo by Richard Yandrick; August 30, 2005（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） A picture of Albireo by Stefan Seip（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） NightSkyInfo.com - Albireo（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Albireo（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at Alcyone Software's Star Data Pages 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：Albireo 引用错误：页面中存在<ref group="lower-alpha">标签或{{efn}}模板，但没有找到相应的<references group="lower-alpha" />标签或{{notelist}}模板