沙蜥属

沙蜥属（学名：Phrynocephalus）是爬行纲有鳞目飞蜥科的一属，也有资料将其归属于鬣蜥科，是古北界荒漠、半荒漠地带的典型蜥蜴。 沙蜥属蜥蜴体型扁平；头部似蟾或呈倒心脏形。两颌附生端生齿。颅顶后部有圆珠状的半透明顶眼；眼周的上、下睑缘鳞外缘尖出呈锯齿形；鼻孔内有能自主启闭的鼻瓣；耳孔及鼓膜隐于皮下。有喉褶。背鳞细圆；腹部为覆瓦状排列的菱状鳞；无鬣鳞。四肢匀称而健壮，趾、指两侧常有发达的栉缘。雄性尾基膨大，有突出的小刺从，尾有甩到背部上下卷绕的习性。 本属包括以下物种： Phrynocephalus ahvazicus Melnikov, Melnikova, Nazarov, Rajabizadeh, Al-Johany, Amr & Ananjeva, 2014 白条沙蜥 Phrynocephalus albolineatus (Zhao, 1979) 伊犁沙蜥 Phrynocephalus alpherakii (Bedriaga, 1906) Phrynocephalus ananjevae Melnikov, Melnikova, Nazarov & Rajabizadeh, 2013 阿拉伯沙蜥 Phrynocephalus arabicus Anderson, 1894 叶城沙蜥 Phrynocephalus axillaris Blanford, 1875 Phrynocephalus clarkorum Anderson & Leviton, 1967 红尾沙蜥 Phrynocephalus erythrurus Zugmayer, 1909 Phrynocephalus euptilopus Alcock & Finn, 1897 南疆沙蜥 Phrynocephalus forsythii Anderson, 1872 草原沙蜥 Phrynocephalus frontalis Strauch, 1876 Phrynocephalus golubewii Shenbrot & Semyonov, 1990 奇台沙蜥 Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (Bedriaga, 1907) 贵南沙蜥 Phrynocephalus guinanensis Ji, Wang & Wang, 2009 乌拉尔沙蜥 Phrynocephalus guttatus (Gmelin, 1789) 旱地沙蜥 Phrynocephalus helioscopus (Pallas, 1771) Phrynocephalus hispidus Bedriaga, 1909 红原沙蜥 Phrynocephalus hongyuanensis (Zhao, Jing et Huang, 1980) Phrynocephalus horvathi von Mehely, 1894 无斑沙蜥 Phrynocephalus immaculatus (KT Zhao, 1995) Phrynocephalus incertus Bedriaga, 1905 Phrynocephalus interscapularis Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856 Phrynocephalus kangsuensis Liang & Shi, 2024 白梢沙蜥 Phrynocephalus koslowi (Bedriaga, 1906) Phrynocephalus kulagini Bedriaga, 1909 Phrynocephalus lutensis Kamali & Anderson, 2015 Phrynocephalus luteoguttatus Boulenger, 1887 Phrynocephalus maculatus Anderson, 1872 黑腹沙蜥 Phrynocephalus melanurus (Eichwald, 1831) Phrynocephalus moltschanovi Nikolsky, 1913 大耳沙蜥 Phrynocephalus mystaceus (Pallas, 1776) 宽鼻沙蜥 Phrynocephalus nasatus (Golubev et Dunayev, 1995) Phrynocephalus ornatus Boulenger, 1887 Phrynocephalus persicus De Filippi, 1863 荒漠沙蜥 Phrynocephalus przewalskii Strauch, 1876 贵德沙蜥 Phrynocephalus putjatai Bedriaga, 1909 Phrynocephalus raddei Boettger, 1888 Phrynocephalus reticulatus Eichwald, 1831 Phrynocephalus roborowskii Bedriaga, 1906 Phrynocephalus rossikowi Nikolsky, 1898 Phrynocephalus saidalievi Sattorov, 1981 Phrynocephalus sakoi Melnikov, Melnikova, Nazarov, Al-Johany & Ananjeva, 2015 Phrynocephalus scutellatus (Olivier, 1807) Phrynocephalus sogdianus Chernov, 1948 Phrynocephalus strauchi Nikolsky, 1899 西藏沙蜥 Phrynocephalus theobaldi Blyth, 1863 变色沙蜥 Phrynocephalus versicolor Strauch, 1876 Phrynocephalus vindumi Golubev, 1998 青海沙蜥 Phrynocephalus vlangalii (Strauch, 1876) 泽当沙蜥 Phrynocephalus zetangensis (Wang, Zeng et Wu, 1996) 赵尔宓，赵肯堂，周开亚等. 中国科学院中国动物志编辑委员会 , 编. 中国动物志·爬行纲·第二卷·有鳞目 蜥蜴亚目. 北京: 科学出版社. 1999: 151 [2021-07-24]. ISBN 7-03-006750-9. （原始内容存档于2021-07-13）.  Qianru Liang and Lei Shi​. 2024. Species Divergence in Valleys: the Phylogeny of Phrynocephalus forsythii complex and Description of A New Species. PeerJ. 12:e17175. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17175 Kamali, Kamran & Steven C. Anderson. 2015. A New Iranian Phrynocephalus (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the Hottest Place on Earth and A Key to the Genus Phrynocephalus in southwestern Asia and Arabia. Zootaxa. 3904(2): 249–260. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.2.4 J. Robert Macey, James A. Schulte, II, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Erik T. V. Dyke, Yuezhao Wang, Nikolai L. Orlov, Soheila Shafiei, Michael D. Robinson, Tatjana Dujsebayeva, Gabriel S. Freund, Clayton M. Fischer, David Liu and Theodore J. Papenfuss. 2018. A Molecular Phylogenetic Hypothesis for the Asian Agamid Lizard Genus Phrynocephalus Reveals Discrete Biogeographic Clades Implicated by Plate Tectonics. Zootaxa. 4467(1); 1–81. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4467.1.1 Daniel Melnikov, Ekaterina Melnikova, Roman Nazarov, Awadh Al-Johany and Natalia Ananjeva. 2015. A New Species of Phrynocephalus (Agamidae, Sauria) from Al Sharqiyah Sands, Northeastern Oman, Dedicated to the Memory of Sako Tuniyev (1983 – 2015). Russian Journal of Herpetology. 22(4): 301–309.