金屬蕊

金屬蕊（Metalcore）是一個金屬樂的子類型，結合了極端金屬與硬蕊龐克。金屬蕊這個詞大約是在1990年代中期出現，由極端金屬的「金屬」與硬蕊的「蕊」組成，而這些類型樂團有Earth Crisis、Deadguy、Integrity。這些早期的樂團，像是Integrity，最早在1988年表演，當時玩這類型的樂團有終極殺戮樂團（Killswitch Engage）、叛客魔咒樂團（Underoath）、All That Remains、 混種魔獸樂團（Trivium）、As I Lay Dying、致命情人樂團（Bullet for My Valentine）與The Devil Wears Prada。 金屬蕊和其他融合龐克金屬的音樂，不同之處在於：他更強調Breakdown。Breakdown是一種較緩慢，節奏卻強烈的曲段，通常會使聽者做「衝撞」（Mosh Pit）的動作。在過去的五年中，衝撞這個動作已經由樂團Sepultura立為金屬蕊表演中不成文的傳統。關於衝撞，他則是一種在舞台前方，對空氣拳打腳踢、觀眾互相碰撞的動作。2018年10月18日，Alex Varkatzas，Atreyu的主唱，在Rock Sound Magazine的采访中错误地说他们发明了金属核心。 Black Flag與Bad Brains這些硬蕊的先鋒，相當欣賞樂團黑色安息日，進而開始模仿他們。美國街頭龐克樂團，如Discharge、The Exploited都從重金屬樂獲得啟發。樂團Misfits發行的《Earth A.D.》成為影響鞭撻金屬最大的一張專輯。然而，龐克與金屬的音樂文化在1980年代中期以前，仍有區別。 在金屬與硬蕊的交互影響下，混合鞭撻（Crossover Thrash）就這麼誕生了。1984年，在加州柏克萊的一間叫作Ruthie's的俱樂部。，「金屬蕊」這個詞原先就是來形容這些混合金屬與硬蕊的樂團。硬蕊龐克團體Corrosion of Conformity、Dirty Rotten Imbeciles和Suicidal Tendencies也開始與一些鞭撻金屬樂團如金屬製品（Metallica）、超級殺手合唱團（Slayer）同台演出。這樣的背景影響了紐約硬蕊的光頭黨們，紐約硬蕊始自1984年，這些團體有Cro-Mags、Murphy's Law、Agnostic Front與Warzone。其中受影響最大的樂團The Cro-Mags，被等同於Bad Brains、摩托頭（Motörhead）和黑色安息日。Cro-Mags同樣融合了直刃族（straight edge），令人驚訝的還有奎師那意識（Krishna consciousness）.其他紐約直刃族們，包括Gorilla Biscuits、Crumbsuckers與Youth of Today，也加入了Youth Crew風格。到了1985年，Breakdown開始在硬蕊音樂發展，他是一種Bad Brains的雷鬼與金屬背景的結合，使得觀眾做出「衝撞」的動作。Agnostic Front發行於1986年的專輯《Cause for Alarm》與歌德金屬樂團Type O Negative成員Peter Steele合作，正是一個硬蕊與金屬交融的分水嶺。 1989與1995年之間，一群新潮的硬蕊樂團出現了。這些樂團有Merauder、All Out War、 、Integrity、Biohazard、Earth Crisis、 Converge、Shai Hulud、Starkweather、Judge、Strife、Rorschach、Vision of Disorder、與暴種樂團（Hatebreed）。Integrity受到日本硬蕊團體GISM與金屬樂團超級殺手合唱團（Slayer）影響，樂團Septic Death、Samhain、摩托頭（Motörhead）與歡樂分隊（Joy Division）多少也影響他們。同時，Earth Crisis、Converge與暴種樂團（Hatebreed）從死亡金屬得到啟發。樂團Shai Hulud的作品《Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion》和Earth Crisis發行於1995年的《Destroy the Machines》尤其能看見這樣的影響。吉他手Scott Crouse之言： 這是一個混合的的反應。我時常把Earth Crisis說為第一個帶有金屬味的硬蕊樂團。當然，我們不是第一個，但我想，我們的確將硬蕊提升到另一個層次。我常聽見人們說：『這些小子想把自己當潘特拉合唱團（Pantera）！』對我們來說，這真是個讚美！ Biohazard、Coalesce、、Overcast也是早期重要的金屬蕊樂團。他們被歸類為「金屬化硬蕊」（Metallic Hardcore）如同媒體記者Lars Gotrich所寫的：「樂團Dillinger Escape Plan、Botch與Give Them Rope的幾張關鍵作品，正是一個地下音樂的里程碑，幫助那些金屬蕊的先鋒。在聽起來太過還原的風險下－太遲了－在極端金屬與硬蕊的碰頭下，金屬蕊自然而然的行成了，在快速加劇的拍號中，這些音樂聽起來更為激進。」 1990年代早期，第三波的新生金屬蕊樂團出現了，這些樂團更著重在音樂旋律上。他們結合旋律死亡金屬、硬蕊龐克、Emo。旋律金屬蕊（Melodic metalcore）的樂團有Atreyu、 七級煉獄樂團（Avenged Sevenfold）、 Darkest Hour、Eighteen Visions、終極殺戮樂團（Killswitch Engage）、和Poison the Well。這些樂團最主要是受到瑞典旋死樂團，尤其是At the Gates、邪神大敵樂團（Arch Enemy）、烈焰邪神樂團（In Flames）和撒旦之作樂團（Soilwork）。旋律金屬蕊，往往都會使用清腔。部分的旋律金屬蕊，如魅影魔星樂團（Shadows Fall），受到美國80年代華麗金屬的唱腔。旋律金屬蕊他們被形容為「重回80年代金屬的老調」一般，「一堆的排煙機、過多的獨奏（和）三個爵士鼓」。 金屬蕊以其使用Breakdown而闻名，其中之前是重型硬核。金屬蕊歌手通常会尖叫， 在20世纪80年代发展起来的声乐技术，是具有20世纪90年代的金屬蕊核心特征。 Shai Hulud, interview with Punknews.org - 05/28/08. [2008-09-21]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-16）. As far as coining the term 'metalcore' or coining a sound, I don’t think we did. There were bands before Shai Hulud started that my friends and I were referring to as 'metalcore'. Bands like Burn, Deadguy, Earth Crisis, even Integrity. These bands that were heavier than the average hardcore bands. These bands that were more progressive than the average hardcore band. My friends and I would always refer to them as 'metalcore' because it wasn’t purely hardcore and it wasn’t purely metal. It was like a heavier hardcore band with hardcore ethics and attitude but clearly a metal influence. So we would joke around and say 'Hey, it’s metalcore. Cool!' But it was definitely a tongue-in-cheek term.  Blood Runs Deep: 23 Bands Who Shaped the Scene. Alternative Press. July 7, 2008: 110, 118.  "The best part of every metalcore song is the breakdown, the part where the drums drop out and the guitars slow their frantic gallop to a devastating, precise crunch-riff and everyone in the moshpit goes extra nuts." - Tom Breihan. "Status Ain't Hood". "Live: Trivium, the Jackson 5 of Underground Metal" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2010-01-17.. The Village Voice. Daily Voice. October 11, 2006. Access date: July 21, 2008. "Mosh style was slower, very tribal – like a Reggae beat adapted to Hardcore. [...] It was an outbreak of dancing with a mid-tempo beat driven by floor tom and snare." - Howie Abrams, Blush, p. 193 MTVNews.com: The Greatest Metal Bands of All Time. MTV. [17 May 2010]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-21）.  Atreyu Frontman Alex Varkatzas: “We Invented Metalcore. That May Sound Cocky But I Don’t Care.” - Features - Rock Sound Magazine. Rock Sound Magazine. [2018-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-11） （英国英语）.  Blush, American Hardcore, part 2, "Thirsty and Miserable", p. 63, 66 Andersen, Mark and Mark Jenkins (2003). Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capital. "Positive Mental Attitude". p. 27. Akashic Books. ISBN 1-888451-44-0 Glasper, Ian (2004). Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984. Cherry Red Books. p. 5. ISBN 1-901447-24-3 Blush, "Hits from Hell", American Hardcore, p. 204 Blush, p. 115 Felix von Havoc, Maximum Rock'n'Roll #198 [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Access date: June 20, 2008 Blush, p. 193 Christe, Ian: Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal (2003), p. 184 Blush, p. 186 Blush, p. 188 Blush, p. 189 "Cro-Mags were the first band to attract both Skinheads and metalhead audiences; their music at the point where Hardcore nihilism met Metal power." Blush, p. 189 Blush, p. 194 Alternative Press, July 7, 2008, p. 109 Blush, p. 192 METAL INSIDE - Das online Metal, Rock und Alternative Magazin!. [2020-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-12）.  "here the term (metalcore) is used in its original context, referencing the likes of Strife, Earth Crisis, and Integrity ...", Ian Glasper, Terrorizer no. 171, June 2008, p. 78 Mudrian, Albert (2000). Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore. Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-04-X. p. 222-223 Kill Your Stereo - Reviews: Shai Hulud - Misanthropy Pure. [2011-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-27）. Shai Hulud, a name that is synonymous (in heavy music circles at least) with intelligent, provocative and most importantly unique metallic hardcore. The band’s earliest release is widely credited with influencing an entire generation of musicians  Shai Hulud - Hearts Once Nourished With Hope And Co Review - sputnikmusic. Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion is pretty much the prime in early melodic metalcore. So many bands in both the modern metalcore and hardcore scene have drawn vast influence from them, because of how perfect they blend hardcore and metal.  In At The Deep End Records. [2011-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-23）. Regardless of whether or not you liked Shai Hulud, it is undeniable that Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion was an oft-imitated and highly influential release in the mid-to-late nineties.  Ross Haenfler, Straight Edge: Clean-living Youth, Hardcore Punk, and Social Change, Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3852-1 p. 87-88 "It was this simple formula that's single-handedly responsible for every band you hear combining heavy metal and hardcore today." Blood Runs Deep: 23 Bands Who Shaped the Scene. Alternative Press. July 7, 2008: 110.  Hatebreed cites Entombed and Bolt Thrower. Q&A with Jamey Jasta, Miami New Times, May 27, 2008. [2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Access date: June 22, 2008 Karl Buechner of Earth Crisis cites Napalm Death, Bolt Thrower, and Obituary as prime influences. Mudrian also discusses Converge and Bloodlet and their relationship to death metal. See Mudrian, Albert (2000). Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore. Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-04-X. p. 222-223 Gabriel Cardenas Salas, "Blasts from the Past," Terrorizer 180, February 2009, p. 96. The History of Rock Music: 1990-1999. [2011-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-19）.  EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH SHAI HULUD GUITARIST MATT FOX. [2008-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-17）. When we used to joke with the term, it was just a clever (or not so clever) way of describing a metallic hardcore, metal-influenced hardcore, or hardcore-influenced metal band.  J. Bennett, "Converge's Jane Doe, Revolver, June 2008 Lars Gotrich, "Coalesce: A Tale of Two Ropes," All Songs Considered, 25 October 2011. [3] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Lee, Cosmo; Voegtlin, Stewart. Into the void: Stylus Magazine's Beginner's Guide to Metal - Article - Stylus Magazine. Stylus Magazine. [17 May 2010]. （原始内容存档于2009-10-02）.  Allmusic Review, Atreyu, Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses [4] Access date: June 24, 2008 "Taste of Chaos", Revolver, June 2008. p. 110. "This is the Rockstar Taste of Chaos Tour, a night when heavier melodic-metalcore bands like Atreyu and Avenged Sevenfold intend to position themselves as the next generation of bands to actually pack arenas [...]" Metalrage, 12/30/07 [5] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Access date: June 24, 2008 Metal Injection, August 28, 2007 [6] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Access date: June 24, 2008 El Paisano, 9/12/07 存档副本. [2008-06-24]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-14）.  Access date: June 24, 2008 Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses review 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-02-12. Dan Epstein, "The Brewtal Truth", Revolver, Nov. 2004, p. 65 Resistance (22–26). Resistance Records: 111. 2004.  引用错误：没有为名为WhatIsMetalcore的参考文献提供内容