科尔多凡语族

科尔多凡语族是尼日爾-剛果語系的三個分支之一，主要語言人口位於東非蘇丹中部科爾多凡地區南部的努巴山區內，是一個比較疏離的一個支系。1963年，約瑟·格林伯格(Joseph Greenberg)把它歸入尼日爾-科爾多凡語系之內，與由其它尼日爾-剛果語系的語言組成的「尼日爾-剛果語族」並列。今日，一般都把科爾多凡語系及其他原尼日爾-剛果語族的成員並列。儘管如此，由於科爾多凡語族的語言與其他尼日爾-剛果語系的語言少有共同之處，有些學者認為它不屬於尼日爾-剛果語系，並把它與門德語族（Mande languages，又譯曼德語族）放在同一個獨立的分類中。科爾多凡語族的語言人口組成到現在仍有爭議。 過往Tumtum語或Kadu languages亦被認為是科爾多凡語族的成員之一，但現時普遍已排除出外，而被歸入尼羅-撒哈拉語系之內。 現時，科爾多凡語族的成員大約有二十多種語言，人口不超過200,000人，大致可分為四個語支。 從民族學的角度來說，科爾多凡語族的語言人口都是努巴人(Nuba)的一部份。 Heiban 語支：又名 Koalib 或 Koalib-Moro 东部Eastern Ko (fuj) Warnang (wrn) 中西部West-Central 中部Central Ebang-Logol Ebang-Laru Heiban (hbn) Laro (lro) Logol Logol (lof) Utoro Otoro (otr) Rere Koalib (kib) Shirumba Shwai (shw) 西部Western Moro (mor) Tira (tic) Katla Katla (kcr) Tima (tms) Rashad 語支：又名 Tegali-Tagoi Tegali (ras) Tagoi (tag) Tingal (tie) Talodi 語支：又名 Talodi-Masakin 或 Lafofa Talodi Proper Jomang Talodi (tlo) Nding Nding (eli) Ngile-Dengebu Dagik (dec) Ngile (jle) Tocho Acheron (acz) Lumun (lmd) Tocho (taz) Torona (tqr) Tegem Lafofa (laf) 門德語族 中國大百科智慧藏：尼日爾-科爾多凡語系[永久失效連結] Herman Bell. (1995). The Nuba Mountains: Who Spoke What in 1976? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Being a study of the published results from a major project of the Institute of African and Asian Studies: the Language Survey of the Nuba Mountains. 陈林华，(n.d.)，Chapter Twelve Historical-Comparative Linguistics 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2007-09-29.，《语言学导论》，中國：吉林大学出版社。 Thilo C. Schadeberg（英语：Thilo C. Schadeberg）. 1981c. "The classification of the Kadugli language group". Nilo-Saharan, ed. by T. C. Schadeberg and M. Lionel Bender, pp. 291-305. Dordrecht: Foris Publications. 大英簡明百科：尼日－剛果諸語言 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2007-10-08. Herman Bell. 1995. The Nuba Mountains: Who Spoke What in 1976? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Being a study of the published results from a major project of the Institute of African and Asian Studies: the Language Survey of the Nuba Mountains. Roger Blench. Unpublished. Kordofanian and Niger-Congo: an evaluation of the evidence （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. P. A. and D. N. MacDiarmid. 1931. "The languages of the Nuba Mountains." Sudan Notes and Records 14: 149-162. Carl Meinhof. 1915-1919. "Sprachstudien im egyptischen Sudan". Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen 9-9. "1. Tagoy." 6: 164-161. "2. Tumale". 6:182-205. "11. Tegele." 7:110-131. "12. Rashad." 7:132. Thilo C. Schadeberg. 1981a. A survey of Kordofanian. SUGIA Beiheft 1-2. Hamburg:Helmut Buske Verlag. Thilo C. Schadeberg. 1981b. "Das Kordofanische". Die Sprachen Afrikas. Band 1: Niger-Kordofanisch, ed. by Bernt Heine, T. C. Schadeberg, Ekkehard Wolff, pp. 117-28 SUGIA Beiheft 1-2. Hamburg:Helmut Buske Verlag. Brenda Z. Seligmann. 1910-11. "Note on the language of the Nubas of Southern Kordofan." Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen 1:167-188. Roland C. Stevenson. 1956-57. "A survey of the phonetics and grammatical structure of the Nuba Mountains languages, with particular reference to Otoro, Katcha, and Nyimang." Afrika und Übersee 40:73-84, 93-115; 41:27-65, 117-152, 171-196. A. N. Tucker and M. A. Bryan. 1956. The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa. (Handbook of African Languages, Part III.) Oxford University Press: London. A. N. Tucker and M. A. Bryan. 1966. Linguistic Analyses/The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa. (Handbook of African Languages.) Oxford University Press: London. Lorenz Tutschek. 1848. "Über die Tumale-Sprache." Gelehrte Anzeigen, herausgegeben von Mitgliedern der k. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nrs. 91-93; Spalten 729-52. (=Bulletin der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nrs. 29-31.) Lorenz Tutschek. 1848-50. "On the Tumali language". Proceedings of the Philological Society for 1846-47 and 1847-48. Vol 3:239-54. Proceedings of the Philological Society for 1848-49 and 1849-50. Vol. 4:138-9. Katcha-English Dictionary (one of the Kadu languages) The Nuba Mountains Homepage （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）