次開央不圓唇元音

次開央不圓唇元音是最常見的次開央元音，因此通常簡寫為⟨ɐ⟩（即與次開央元音的符號相同），本文中亦依照此慣例。若要強調其不圓唇的性質，另有幾個方法可以表示此音： 將次開央元音加上更不圓唇（英语：Relative articulation）的變音記號，如⟨ɐ̜⟩ 將半開央不圓唇元音加上較低（英语：Relative articulation）的變音記號，如：⟨ɜ̞⟩ 將次開前不圓唇元音加上央化（英语：Relative articulation）的變音記號，如：⟨æ̈⟩ 將開前不圓唇元音或開後不圓唇元音加上中央化（英语：Relative articulation）的變音符號，分別如：⟨a̽⟩ 與 ⟨ɑ̽⟩。 將開前不圓唇元音或開後不圓唇元音同時加上較高（英语：Relative articulation）與中央化的符號，分別如：⟨ä̝⟩ 與 ⟨ɑ̝̈⟩。 在孟加拉語、廣州話與賽普勒斯希臘語（英语：Cypriot Greek）等語言中，這個元音是唯一的開元音，而非在其他語言中更常見的開央不圓唇元音。 其元音高度為次開，舌頭的位置略比開元音稍高一些。 其元音舌位是央，表示舌的位置是在央元音的地方，大約在前元音和後元音中間。 其圓唇度為不圓唇元音，嘴唇自然放鬆，不特別向前突起。 Khan (2010)，第222頁. Zee (1999)，第59頁. Arvaniti (1999)，第4頁. Ternes & Vladimirova-Buhtz (1999)，第56頁. Watkins (2001)，第293頁. Watkins (2001)，第292–293頁. Rafel (1999)，第14頁. Harrison (1997)，第2頁. Chen & Gussenhoven (2015)，第328頁. McGill (2014)，第308–309頁. Dankovičová (1999)，第72頁. Basbøll (2005)，第58頁. Collins & Mees (2003)，第130頁. Ladefoged (1999)，第42頁. Bauer et al. (2007)，第98頁. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFBauer_et_al.2007 (help) Mannell, Cox & Harrington (2009). 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