墨头鱼属

墨頭魚屬（学名：Garra）为輻鰭魚綱鯉形目鲤科野鲮亚科（Labeoninae）的一個屬，常用於水族缸內以清除缸內生長的藍藻。儘管本屬物種的絕大部份（超過100個物種）原生於亞洲，當中有五分之一物種分佈於非洲（但只限於東中及西非，不包括北非及南部非洲），當中以埃塞俄比亞的物種多樣性最高。 本屬由蘇格蘭自然學家弗朗西斯·布坎南-汉密尔顿（Francis Buchanan-Hamilton）於1822年建立，作為鯉屬之下的一個亞屬，未有指定模式屬。 現時本屬有物種122種，分別如下： Garra abhoyai Hora, 1921 埃塞俄比亚墨头鱼 Garra aethiopica Pellegrin, 1927 異口墨頭魚 Garra allostoma T. R. Roberts, 1990 高体墨头鱼 Garra alticorpora Chu et Cui Garra alticaputus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 安氏墨頭魚 Garra annandalei Hora, 1921(Annandale garra) Garra apogon Norman, 1925 Garra arunachalensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 Garra arupi Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & D. N. Das, 2009 巴氏墨頭魚 Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 Garra barreimiae barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 Garra barreimiae shawkahensis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977 Garra bibarbatus V. H. Nguyễn, 2001 雙角墨頭魚 Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao, 1920(Tunga garra) Garra bimaculacauda Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 Garra birostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 Garra bisangularis Z. M. Chen, X. Y. Wu & H. Xiao, 2010 双刺墨头鱼 Garra bispinosa E. Zhang, 2005 Garra blanfordii Boulenger, 1901 博尼墨頭魚 Garra borneensis Vaillant, 1902 Garra bourreti Pellegrin, 1928 Garra buettikeri Krupp, 1983 条纹墨头鱼 Garra cambodgiensis Tirant, 1883(Cambodian logsucker),坎寶墨頭魚 紋尾盆唇魚 Garra caudofasciatus 斯里蘭卡墨頭魚 Garra ceylonensis Bleeker, 1863(Ceylon logsucker) Garra chakpiensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 Garra chebera Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010 Garra compressus Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998 剛果墨頭魚 Garra congoensis Poll, 1959(Congo logsucker) 缺鬚盆唇魚 Garra cryptonemus Garra cyclostomata Đ. Y. Mai, 1978 Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000 Garra dampaensis Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013 Garra dembecha Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 登比墨頭魚 Garra dembeensis Rüppell, 1835(Cameroon logsucker) Garra dulongensis 鄧氏墨頭魚 Garra dunsirei Banister, 1987 Garra duobarbis Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 長身墨頭魚 Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000 Garra emarginata Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 埃氏墨頭魚 Garra ethelwynnae Menon, 1958 條尾墨頭魚 Garra fasciacauda Fowler, 1937 裂唇墨头鱼 Garra findolabium F. L. Li, W. Zhou & Q. Fu, 2008 費氏墨頭魚 Garra fisheri Fowler, 1937 熊貓墨頭魚 Garra flavatra S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra fluviatilis Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish, 2016 泰國墨頭魚 Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934 Garra geba Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 約旦墨頭魚 Garra ghorensis Krupp, 1982(Jordanian logsucker) Garra gotyla J. E. Gray, 1830 戈泰墨頭魚 Garra gotyla gotyla J. E. Gray, 1830(Sucker head) Garra gotyla stenorhynchus Jerdon, 1849(Nilgiris garra) 細墨頭魚 Garra gracilis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936 沟额墨头鱼 Garra gravelyi Annandale, 1919 海南墨头鱼 Garra hainanensis Y. R. Chen & C. Y. Zheng, 1983 Garra hindii Boulenger, 1905 休氏墨頭魚 Garra hughi Silas, 1955(Cardamon garra) 伊氏墨頭魚 Garra ignestii Gianferrari, 1925 Garra imbarbatus V. H. Nguyễn, 2001 無鬚墨頭魚 Garra imberba Garman, 1912，高体墨头鱼 無髯墨頭魚 Garra imberbis Vinciguerra, 1890 Garra incisorbis Zheng, Yang & Chen, 2016 Garra jaldhakaensis Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das, 2021 乔丹墨头鱼 Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014 克拉肯德墨頭魚 Garra kalakadensis Rema Devi, 1993 Garra kalpangi Nebeshwar, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012 西藏墨头鱼 Garra kempi Hora, 1921(Kemp garra) Garra khawbungi Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 Garra kimini Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 越南墨頭魚 Garra laichowensis V. H. Nguyễn & L. H. Doan, 1969 墨头鱼 Garra lamta F. Hamilton, 1822 蘭克墨頭魚 Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton, 1960 Garra lautior Banister, 1987 裸吻墨頭魚 Garra lissorhynchus McClelland, 1842(Khasi garra) 利頓河墨頭魚 Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993 長鰭墨頭魚 Garra longipinnis Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977 Garra lorestanensis Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016 Garra magnidiscus Tamang, 2013 密金墨頭魚 Garra makiensis Boulenger, 1904 Garra mamshuqa Krupp, 1983 曼尼普河墨頭魚 Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988 麥氏墨頭魚 Garra mcclellandi Jerdon, 1849(Cauvery garra) Garra menoni Rema Devi & Indra, 1984 小垫墨头鱼 Garra micropulvinus W. Zhou, X. F. Pan & Kottelat, 2005 Garra minimus Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 奇额墨头鱼 Garra mirofrontis X. L. Chu & G. H. Cui, 1987 Garra mlapparaensis Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 馬耶墨頭魚 Garra mullya Sykes, 1839(Mullya garra) 那加墨頭魚 Garra naganensis Hora, 1921(Naga garra) Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005 Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 長鬚墨頭魚 Garra nasuta McClelland, 1838(Nose logsucker) Garra nethravathiensis Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014 Garra nigricauda Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 Garra nigricollis S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 顯赫墨頭魚 Garra notata Blyth, 1860(Tenasserim garra) Garra nujiangensis Z. M. Chen, S. Zhao & J. X. Yang, 2009 东方墨头鱼 Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925 飾妝墨頭魚 Garra ornata Nichols & Griscom, 1917 Garra palaruvica Arunachalam, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 Garra panitvongi Tangjitjaroen, Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd & Page, 2023 Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005 Garra parastenorhynchus Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 Garra periyarensis Gopi, 2001 伊朗墨頭魚 Garra persica L. S. Berg, 1914 菲氏墨頭魚 Garra phillipsi Deraniyagala, 1933(Philipps' garra) Garra pingi 墨头鱼 Garra pingi subsp. pingi Tchang Garra poecilura S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra poilanei Petit & T. L. Tchang, 1933 Garra propulvinus S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 桥街墨头鱼 Garra qiaojiensis H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977 Garra quadratirostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 四斑墨頭魚 Garra quadrimaculata Rüppell, 1835：又稱蒂巴墨頭魚。 Garra rakhinica S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra regressus Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 Garra rezai Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof, 2022 羅氏墨頭魚 Garra robertsi R. J. Thoni & Mayden, 2015 露西卡墨頭魚 Garra rossica A. M. Nikolskii, 1900 圆鼻墨头鱼 Garra rotundinasus E. Zhang, 2006 淡红墨头鱼 Garra rufa Heckel, 1843(Reddish logsucker) 岩間墨頭魚 Garra rupecula McClelland, 1839(Mishmi garra) Garra sahilia Krupp, 1983 Garra sahilia gharbia Krupp, 1983 Garra sahilia sahilia Krupp, 1983 萨尔温墨头鱼 Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934 Garra smarti Krupp & Budd, 2009 雜斑墨头鱼 Garra spilota S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra surendranathanii Shaji, Arun & Easa, 1996 Garra surinbinnani 条纹墨头鱼 Garra taeniata Smith Garra tana Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 腾冲墨头鱼 Garra tengchongensis E. Zhang & Yi-Yu Chen, 2002 Garra tashanensis Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016 Garra theunensis Kottelat, 1998 Garra tibanica Trewavas, 1941 特氏墨頭魚 Garra trewavasai Monod, 1950 Garra tyao Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 Garra ukhrulensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 Garra variabilis Heckel, 1843 Garra vittatula S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 Garra waensis Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014 旺氏墨頭魚 Garra wanae Regan, 1914 瓦氏墨頭魚 Garra waterloti Pellegrin, 1935 彝良墨头鱼 Garra yiliangensis H. W. Wu & Q. Z. Chen, 1977，宜良墨頭魚 Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2011). Garra ignestii. FishBase. Version 2011-12. 野鲮亚科鱼类发育研究获新进展. 科学网. 2010-12-06 [2010-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05）.  Zheng, Lan-Ping; Yang, Jun-Xing; Chen, Xiao-Yong; Wang, Wei-Ying. Phylogenetic relationships of the Chinese Labeoninae (Teleostei, Cypriniformes) derived from two nuclear and three mitochondrial genes: Phylogenetic relationships of the Chinese Labeoninae. Zoologica Scripta. 2010-11, 39 (6): 559–571 [2021-10-09]. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00441.x. （原始内容存档于2021-10-09） （英语）.  Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2013): Morphological diagnoses of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from North-Eastern India with four new species description from Brahmaputra River. Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4 (3): 121-138. Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013): Three new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from north-eastern India and redescription of G. gotyla. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (2): 97-120. Thoni, R. j., Dhan B. Gurung & R. L. Mayden. 2016. A Review of the Genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the Descriptions of Two New Species and Three Additional Records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa. 4169(1): 115–132. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4169.1.5 Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2015): Two new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Chindwin River basin in Manipur, India, with notes on some nominal Garra species of the Himalayan foothills. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (4): 305-321. Lalronunga, S., Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana (2013): Garra dampaensis, a new ray-finned fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Mizoram, northeastern India. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (9): 4368–4377. Kurup, B.M. & Radhakrishnan, K.V. (2011): Two new cyprinid fishes under the genus Garra (Hamilton) from Kerala, Southern India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 107 (3) [2010]: 220-223. Kangrang, Punnatut, R. j. Thoni, Richard L. Mayden and F. W. H. Beamish. 2016. Garra fluviatilis, A New Hillstream Fish Species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Kwai Noi River system, Mae Khlong basin, Thailand. Zootaxa. 4175(4); 335–344. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4175.4.3 Lan-Ping Zheng, Jun-Xing Yang and Xiao-Yong Chen. 2016. Garra incisorbis, A New Species of Labeonine from Pearl River Basin in Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 26(4); 299-303 Laishram Kosygin, Bungdon Shangningam, Pratima Singh and Ujjal Das. 2021. Garra jaldhakaensis, A New Cyprinid Fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from West Bengal, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India: A Journal of Indian Zoology [Rec. zool. Surv. India]. 121(3); 325–331. DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v121/i3/2021/158415 Hamidan, N.A., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2014): Garra jordanica, a new species from the Dead Sea basin with remarks on the relationship of G. ghorensis, G. tibanica and G. rufa (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3): 223-236. Nebeshwar, K., Bagra, K. & Das, D.N. (2012): Garra kalpangi, a new cyprinid fish species (Pisces: Teleostei) from upper Brahmaputra basin in Arunachal Pradesh, India. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4 (2): 2353–2362. Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2014): Two new Species of Garra from Mizoram, India (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and A General Comparative Analyses of Indian Garra. Species, 10 (24): 58-78. Hamed MOUSAVI-SABET and Soheil EAGDERI. 2016. Garra lorestanensis, A New Cave Fish from the Tigris River Drainage with Remarks on the Subterranean Fishes in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). FishTaxa. (2016) 1: 45-54 . Tamang, L. (2013): Garra magnidiscus, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (1): 31-40. Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 from the Chindwin Basin of Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN Zoology), 2012: 1-6. Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): Validation of Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 10-10. Arunachalam, M. & Nandagopal, S. (2014): A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Nethravathi River, Western Ghats, India. Species, 10 (24): 43-57. Arunachalam, M., Raja, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2013): Garra palaruvica, a new cyprinid fish (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kerala, Western Ghats, peninsular India. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） International Journal of Zoology Research, 3 (1): 62-68. Weerapongse Tangjitjaroen, Zachary S. Randall, Sampan Tongnunui, David A. Boyd and Lawrence M. Page. 2023. Species of Garra (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) in the Salween River Basin with Description of An Enigmatic New Species from the Ataran River Drainage of Thailand and Myanmar. Zootaxa. 5311(3); 375-392. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5311.3.3 Hamed Mousavi-Sabet, Soheil Eagderi, Maryam Saemi-Komsari, Cüneyt Kaya and Jörg Freyhof. 2022. Garra rezai, A New Species from Two Widely Disjunct Areas in the Tigris Drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa. 5195(5); 419-436. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.5.2 Thoni, R.J. & Mayden, R.L. (2015): Garra robertsi, a new cyprinid (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) fish species from Borneo. Zootaxa, 3985 (2): 284–290. Lawrence M. Page, Brandon C. Ray, Sampan Tongnunui, David A. Boyd and Zachary S. Randall. 2019. Garra surinbinnani, A New Species of Labeonine from the Mae Khlong basin of Thailand (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. IEF-1117. DOI: 10.23788/IEF-1117 Hamed Mousavi-Sabet, Saber Vatandoust, Yaser Fatemi and Soheil Eagderi. 2016. Tashan Cave a new cave fish locality for Iran; and Garra tashanensis, A New Blind Species from the Tigris River Drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). FishTaxa. (3); 133-148. fishtaxa.com/index.php/ft/article/view/1-3-3 Lothongkham, A., Arbsuwan, S. & Musikasinthorn, P. (2014): Garra waensis, a new cyprinid fish (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) from the Nan River basin of the Chao Phraya River system, northern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3790 (4): 543–554. 维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：墨头鱼属