良心犯

良心犯（英語：Prisoner of conscience, POC），是彼得·本南森在1961年5月28日為《倫敦觀察家報》撰寫的文章（“被遺忘的囚犯”）中創造的一個術語。該詞常與人權組織國際特赦組織有關。與政治犯不相同。良心犯可以指因政治見解、性取向、族群、宗教而入獄的任何人，也可以指因非暴力表達其信念而被監禁或迫害的人。 良心犯受到《公民與政治權利國際公約》第18條及《歐洲人權公約》第9條關於思想、良心以及宗教自由的權利保護。 陳衛、當知項欠、艾爾西丁·伊斯萊爾（Ershidin Israil）、高智晟、郭飛雄、郭小軍、劉曉波、毛恒鳳、師濤等人被國際特赦組織認為是良心犯。美國國會343號決議指引自由之家報導，稱中國監獄中一大部分群體是因政治入獄。 思想、良心以及宗教自由的權利保護 《公民與政治權利國際公約》第18條： 人人有權享受思想、良心和宗教自由。此項權利包括維持或改變他的宗教或信仰的自由，以及單獨或集體、公開或秘密地以禮拜、戒律、實踐和教義來表明他的宗教或信仰的自由。 任何人不得遭受足以損害他維持或改變他的宗教或信仰的自由。 表示自己的宗教或信仰的自由，僅只受法律所規定的以及為保障公共安全、秩序、衛生或道德、或他人的基本權利和自由所必須的限制。 《歐洲人權公約》第9條： 按國家/地區分類的不完整名單 Yorm Bopha 周永康 羅冠聰 黃之鋒 Aster Fissehatsion; Dawit Isaak; Mahmoud Ahmed Sheriffo; Petros Solomon; Haile Woldetensae Eskinder Nega Bekele Gerba Ebrima Manneh 陳衛 李澤華 方斌 陳秋實 李翹楚 王清营 許志永 余文生 張雪忠 Bahman Ahmadi Amou'i; Zhila Bani-Yaghoub; Arzhang Davoodi; Ghoncheh Ghavami; Kouhyar Goudarzi; Zeynab Jalaliyan; Mohammad Sadigh Kabudvand; Zhila Karamzadeh-Makvandi; Habibollah Latifi Hossein Ronaghi Maleki Narges Mohammadi; Parvin Mokhtareh; Abdollah Momeni; Sayed Ziaoddin (Zia) Nabavi; Mansour Osanlou; Jafar Panahi已在2013年8月被魯哈尼釋放; Isa Saharkhiz Mohammad Seifzadeh Reza Shahabi Saeed Shirzad Abdolfattah Soltani Heshmat Tabarzadi Majid Tavakoli Mohammad Ali Taheri Phyo Phyo Aung Oh Hae-won Junaid Hafeez Asghar Khan Ali al-Abdullah; Mazen Darwish; Shibal Ibrahim; Riad Seif Azam Farmonov; Alisher Karamatov; Solijon Abdrahmanov 顏重慶 政治犯 臺灣白色恐怖時期 國際特赦組織 Burma releases pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi. 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