鞘蕊属

鞘蕊属（學名：Coleus），或作鞘蕊花属，是一個一年生或多年生的草本或灌木植物的属。部分物種屬於多肉植物，長有具肉質或塊狀的塊莖或塊根。 分佈於舊世界（東半球）的熱帶與亞熱帶。 有關鞘蕊屬、彩葉草屬（英语：Solenostemon）及马刺花属三者的關係很混亂：前兩屬的物種曾經被併歸马刺花属，但結果使馬刺花屬在支序親緣分析之下變成了馬刺花亞族（Plectranthinae）的一個多系群。 現時最新的分類學處理重新建立鞘蕊屬，212個物種分別來自馬刺花屬、密穗花屬（英语：Pycnostachys）及排香草屬；Equilabium（英语：Equilabium）在系統發育研究支持下從馬刺花屬獨立出去成為一個屬。 鞘蕊屬物種常被用作園藝植物而種植，當中尤以彩葉草最為常見。一方面，彩葉草的斑斕葉片使之成為一種受歡迎的園藝植物，而近年興起的生酮飲食，亦因為彩葉草的根部豐富的營養素而使之大受歡迎。彩葉草喜光，但不適宜太陽直射，而是非直射的光線：因為直射的太陽光會破壞葉片上的色素，使葉片顏色變得單一；所以在戶外時，彩葉草應完全遮光，只能照射日出時最柔和的日光。 其他長有塊根的鞘蕊屬植物有被當作食糧而種植，計有Coleus esculentus（英语：Coleus esculentus）、Coleus rotundifolius（英语：Coleus rotundifolius）及Coleus maculosus subsp. edulis（英语：Coleus maculosus subsp. edulis）。 鞘蕊屬最早由若昂·德理路於1790年描述。以形態學特徵為指導基礎，將它由馬刺花屬（首先由夏爾·萊里捷（英语：Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle）在1788年描述）獨立出來；其四條雄蕊融合在一起，而不是從基底起就已分開。1962年，約翰·肯尼斯·莫頓（西班牙语：John Kenneth Morton）留意到雄蕊融合在一起的物種比過往所認知的其實更常見及廣泛分佈，所以把鞘蕊屬物種合併進馬刺花屬，而彩葉草屬（Solenostemon）及一些其他的屬仍維持區隔。大多數的來源都跟隨莫頓進行鞘蕊屬的合併；有些保持彩葉草屬的獨立，但其他則將它跟著鞘蕊屬一起併入馬刺花屬。 在2004年針對唇形科荊芥亞科（英语：Nepetoideae）羅勒族（Ocimeae）進行的初步研究表明，馬刺花亞族（Plectranthinae）為單系群，有兩個主要演化支：一個包含鞘蕊屬的模式種，並包含彩葉草屬；另一個包含馬刺花屬的模式種以及其他屬，因此廣義上馬刺花屬不是單系群。在2018年進行的更詳細研究得出類似的結論，並建議應重新確認鞘蕊屬（包含彩葉草屬），對馬刺花屬進行更狹義的定義，並建立一個新的屬Equilabium（英语：Equilabium），主要來自熱帶非洲的前馬刺花屬物種演化支。2019年提供了實現此方法所需的許多新的雙名組合。 裴頓等人(2019)基於其2018年的研究總結，出版了馬刺花亞族（Plectranthinae）各屬的支序親緣圖。下圖中被裴頓等人接納並構成廣義的馬刺花屬的三個屬以黃色底顯示： Paton et al. (2019)列出本屬物種有294種，當中大多數均由馬刺花屬轉移過來。截至2020年7月 (2020-07)[update]，《世界植物在線》列出本屬25個物種。部分物詳列如下： Calchas parvifolius (Benth.) P.V.Heath, 1999 Calchas platystomoides (Robyns & Lebrun) P.V.Heath, 1999 Coleus abyssinicus (Fresen.) A.J.Paton Coleus acariformis (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus achankoviliensis Smitha & A.J.Paton Coleus actites (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus adenanthus (Dalzell & A.Gibson) A.J.Paton Coleus adenophorus (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus aegyptiacus (Forssk.) A.J.Paton Coleus affinis (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus albicalyx (Suddee) Suddee Coleus aliciae (Codd) A.J.Paton Coleus alloplectus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson Coleus alpinus Vatke Coleus altanmouiensis (T.C.Wilson, P.I.Forst. & M.A.M.Renner) T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst. 到手香 Coleus amboinicus Lour.，异名：Plectranthus amboinicus）又名：左手香、過手香 Coleus amicorum (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson Coleus amiculatus (T.C.Wilson, P.I.Forst. & M.A.M.Renner) T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst. Coleus amoenus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus anamallayensis Bedd. Coleus anamudianus (Smitha & Sunojk.) Smitha Coleus angolensis (G.Taylor) A.J.Paton Coleus angulatus (Hedge) A.J.Paton & Phillipson Coleus apoensis Elmer Coleus apreptus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson Coleus apricus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus arabicus Benth. Coleus arenicola (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. 銀葉到手香 Coleus argentatus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson；又名：銀葉馬刺花、銀葉香茶菜，异名：Plectranthus argentatus Coleus argenteus (Gamble) A.J.Paton Coleus argentifolius (Ryding) A.J.Paton Coleus aromatium Benth. Coleus articulatus (I.M.Johnst.) A.J.Paton Coleus ater A.J.Paton Coleus auriglandulosus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus australis (R.Br.) A.J.Paton Coleus autranii Briq. Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Benth. ex G.Don，异名：Plectranthus barbatus Coleus bariensis (Ryding) A.J.Paton Coleus batesii (Baker) A.J.Paton Coleus batianoffii (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus bellus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus betonicifolius (Baker) A.J.Paton Coleus bifidus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus bipartitus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus bishopianus (Gamble) Smitha & A.J.Paton Coleus blakei (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus bojeri Benth. Coleus bolavenensis Suddee, Tagane & Rueangr. Coleus botryosus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus bourneae (Gamble) Smitha & A.J.Paton 光萼鞘蕊花 Coleus bracteatus Dunn Coleus brazzavillensis A.Chev. Coleus buchananii (Baker) Brenan Coleus burorum Chiov. Coleus caillei A.Chev. Coleus caillei A.Chev. ex Hutch. & Dalziel Coleus calaminthoides (Baker) A.J.Paton Coleus calcicola Murata Coleus caldericola (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus calycinus (Benth.) A.J.Paton Coleus cambodianus (Murata) A.J.Paton Coleus caninus (Roth) Vatke，异名：Plectranthus caninus Coleus caninus Paton, Mwanyambo, Govaerts, Smitha, Suddee, Phillipson, Wilson, Forster & Culham, 2019 肉叶鞘蕊花 Coleus carnosifolius (Hemsl.) Dunn Coleus casamancicus A.Chev. Coleus cataractarum (B.J.Pollard) A.J.Paton Coleus caudatus (S.Moore) E.Downes & I.Darbysh. Coleus caudatus S.Moore Coleus celsus A.J.Paton Coleus centraliafricanus A.J.Paton Coleus chevalieri Briq. Coleus ciliatus (Bramley) A.J.Paton Coleus circinnatus (Hedge) A.J.Paton & Phillipson Coleus clandulosus Hook.f. Coleus coeruleus Gürke Coleus comosus Hochst. ex A.Rich., 1850，异名：Plectranthus ornatus (sold as "Coleus canina" or "scaredy cat plant") Coleus comosus Hochst. ex Gürke Coleus confertiflorus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus congensis (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus congestus (R.Br.) A.J.Paton Coleus conglomeratus (T.C.E.Fr.) Robyns & Lebrun Coleus crassus (N.E.Br.) Culham Coleus cremnus (B.J.Conn) A.J.Paton Coleus cucullatus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus cuneatus Baker f. Coleus cyanophyllus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus cylindraceus (Hochst. ex Benth.) A.J.Paton Coleus daviesii E.A.Bruce Coleus decimus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus decurrens Gürke Coleus deflexifolius (Baker) A.J.Paton Coleus defoliatus (Hochst. ex Benth.) A.J.Paton Coleus densus (N.E.Br.) A.J.Paton Coleus descampsii (Briq.) A.J.Paton Coleus dewildemanianus (Robyns & Lebrun) A.J.Paton Coleus dichotomus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus dinteri (Briq.) A.J.Paton Coleus divaricatus A.J.Paton Coleus diversus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson Coleus dolichopodus (Briq.) A.J.Paton Coleus dumicola (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus dysophylloides (Benth.) A.J.Paton Coleus elliotii (S.Moore) A.J.Paton Coleus eminii (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus engleri (Briq.) A.J.Paton Coleus erici-rosenii (R.E.Fr.) A.J.Paton 食用鞘蕊花 Coleus esculentus ，异名：Plectranthus esculentus） Coleus eungellaensis A.J.Paton Coleus excelsus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus exilis (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus fasciculatus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus ferricola Phillipson, O.Hooper & A.J.Paton Coleus foetidus (Benth.) A.J.Paton Coleus foliatus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton 蘭嶼小鞘蕊花 Coleus formosanus Coleus forsteri (Benth.) A.J.Paton Coleus fragrantissimus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus fredericii ，异名：Plectranthus welwitschii Coleus gamblei (Smitha & Sunojk.) Smitha Coleus geminatus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus gibbosus A.J.Paton Coleus gigantifolius (Suddee) Suddee Coleus gillettii (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton Coleus glabriflorus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus globosus (Ryding) A.J.Paton Coleus goetzenii (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus gossweileri A.J.Paton Coleus gracilipedicellatum (Robyns & Lebrun) A.J.Paton Coleus graminifolius (Perkins) A.J.Paton Coleus grandidentatus (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus graniticola (A.Chev.) A.J.Paton Coleus gratus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson Coleus graveolens (R.Br.) A.J.Paton Coleus guerkei (Briq.) A.J.Paton Coleus habrophyllus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus hadiensis (Forssk.) A.J.Paton Coleus hairulii Kiew, 2021 Coleus hallii (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton Coleus harmandii (Doan ex Suddee & A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus helferi (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton Coleus hereroensis (Engl.) A.J.Paton Coleus hijazensis (Abdel Khalik) A.J.Paton Coleus huberi Regel Coleus humulopsis (B.J.Pollard) A.J.Paton Coleus hymalis (J.R.I.Wood) A.J.Paton Coleus idukkianus (J.Mathew, Yohannan & B.J.Conn) Smitha Coleus igniarioides (Ryding) A.J.Paton Coleus ignotus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus inselbergii (B.J.Pollard & A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus insignis (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton Coleus insularis (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus intraterraneus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson Coleus kanyakumariensis (Shinoj & Sunojk.) Smitha Coleus kirkii (Baker) A.J.Paton Coleus kisanfuensis DeWild. Coleus klossii (S.Moore) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson Coleus kottalensis A.Chev. Coleus koulikoroensis A.J.Paton Coleus kunstleri (Prain) A.J.Paton Coleus laetus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus lageniocalyx Briq. Coleus lanceolatus (Bojer ex Benth.) A.J.Paton & Phillipson Coleus lancifolius (Bramley) A.J.Paton Coleus lanuginosus Hochst. ex Engl., 1892 Coleus lateriticola (A.Chev.) Phillipson, O.Hooper & A.J.Paton Coleus lateriticola A.Chev. Coleus latifolius Hochst. ex Engl., 1892 Coleus laxus (T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst.) T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst. Coleus leiperi (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus linearifolius (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton Coleus livingstonei A.J.Paton Coleus longipetiolatus Gürke Coleus longipetiolatus Gürke ex Engl., 1894 Coleus luengerensis Gürke Coleus lyratus (A.Chev.) Roberty Coleus macrostachys Benth. Coleus maculosus (Lam.) A.J.Paton 馬達加斯加鞘蕊花 Coleus madagascariensis ，异名：Plectranthus madagascariensis）又名：馬達加斯加延命草、馬達加斯加香茶菜 Coleus magnificus P.I.Forst. & A.J.Paton Coleus marrubatus (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton Coleus megacalyx (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus megadontus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus melleri (Baker) A.J.Paton & Phillipson Coleus meyeri (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus minor (J.K.Morton) A.J.Paton Coleus minutiflorus (Ryding) A.J.Paton Coleus minutus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus mirus (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson Coleus mitis (R.A.Clement) A.J.Paton Coleus monostachyus (P.Beauv.) A.J.Paton Coleus montanus Hochst. ex Ces. Coleus mutabilis (Codd) A.J.Paton Coleus myrianthellus Briq. Coleus namuliensis E.Downes & I.Darbysh. Coleus neochilus (Schltr.) Codd Coleus nepetifolius (Baker) A.J.Paton Coleus nervosus Briq. Coleus niamniamensis (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus nigericus (Alston) A.J.Paton Coleus nitidus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus niveus (Hiern) A.J.Paton Coleus omahekense Dinter Coleus omissus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus orbicularis Baker Coleus orthodontus (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus otostegioides (Schweinf. ex Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus pallidus (Wall. ex Benth.) A.J.Paton Coleus parensis Gürke Coleus parishii (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton Coleus parvicalyx (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus parvifolius Benth. Coleus penicillatus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus penzigii Schweinf. ex Penz. Coleus perrieri (Hedge) A.J.Paton & Phillipson Coleus petiolatissimus Briq. Coleus petraeus (Backer ex Adelb.) A.J.Paton Coleus petricola (J.Mathew & B.J.Conn) A.J.Paton Coleus petrophilus Gürke Coleus phulangkaensis (Suddee, Suphuntee & Saengrit) Suddee Coleus plantagineus (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton Coleus platyphyllus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus polystachyus (Benth.) A.J.Paton Coleus porcatus (van Jaarsv. & P.J.D.Winter) A.J.Paton Coleus porphyranthus (T.J.Edwards & N.R.Crouch) A.J.Paton Coleus prittwitzii (Perkins) A.J.Paton Coleus prostratus (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus psammophilus (Codd) A.J.Paton Coleus pseudospeciosus (Buscal. & Muschl.) A.J.Paton Coleus pulchellus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus pumilius Blanco, 1837 Coleus rafidahiae Kiew, 2021 Coleus recurvata (Ryding) A.J.Paton Coleus rhodesianum (N.E.Br.) A.J.Paton Coleus robustus (Hook.f.) A.J.Paton 圓葉鞘蕊花 Coleus rotundifolius (Poir.) M.R.Almeida, 2003，异名：Plectranthus rotundifolius Coleus ruandensis (De Wild.) A.J.Paton Coleus rutenbergianus (Vatke) A.J.Paton & Phillipson Coleus sahyadricus (Smitha & Sunojk.) Smitha Coleus sallyae (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus sanguineus (Britten) A.J.Paton Coleus saxicola Gürke Coleus saxorum (J.Mathew, Yohannan & B.J.Conn) Smitha Coleus scaber (Benth.) A.J.Paton Coleus schizophyllus (Baker) A.J.Paton Coleus schliebenii (Mildbr.) A.J.Paton Coleus scruposus A.J.Paton 彩葉草 Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth.，异名Coleus blumei, Plectranthus scutellarioides Coleus scutellarioides Elmer Coleus sessilifolius (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus shoolamudianus (Sunil & Naveen Kum.) Smitha & A.J.Paton Coleus sigmoideus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus socotranus (Radcl.-Sm.) A.J.Paton，异名：Plectranthus socotranus Coleus sphaerocephalus (Baker) A.J.Paton Coleus splendens (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus splendidus A.Chev. Coleus steenisii (H.Keng) A.J.Paton Coleus stenostachys (Baker) A.J.Paton & Phillipson Coleus strictipes (G.Taylor) A.J.Paton Coleus strobilifer (Roxb.) A.J.Paton Coleus stuhlmannii (Gürke) A.J.Paton Coleus suaveolens (S.T.Blake) P.I.Forst. & T.C.Wilson Coleus subscandens Gürke Coleus suffruticosus (Wight) A.J.Paton Coleus sylvestris (Gürke) A.J.Paton & Phillipson Coleus tetradenifolius (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus thalassoscopicus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus togoensis (Perkins) A.J.Paton Coleus tomentifolius (Suddee) Suddee Coleus torrenticola (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus triangularis (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus trullatus (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus ulugurensis Gürke Coleus unguentarius (Codd) A.J.Paton，异名：Plectranthus unguentarius Coleus velutinus (Trimen) A.J.Paton Coleus venteri (van Jaarsv. & Hankey) A.J.Paton Coleus ventosus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus venustus (P.I.Forst.) P.I.Forst. Coleus verticillatus (Baker) A.J.Paton Coleus veyretiae (Guillaumet & A.Cornet) A.J.Paton & Phillipson Coleus villosus (Forssk.) A.J.Paton Coleus wallamanensis (T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst.) T.C.Wilson & P.I.Forst. Coleus wugensis Gürke Coleus xerophilus (Codd) A.J.Paton Coleus xylopodus (Lukhoba & A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton Coleus yemenensis A.J.Paton Coleus zombensis (Baker) Mwany. 杂交种： Coleus ×tryonii 归入本属的物种： Rabdosiella leemannii N.Hahn Saccostoma urticifolium Wall. ex Voigt Solenostemon pubescens A.Chev. 左手香 Coleus australis（英语：Coleus australis） Coleus neochilus（英语：Coleus neochilus） Coleus Lour.. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [2020-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-27）.  Paton, Alan J.; Mwanyambo, Montfort; Govaerts, Rafaël H.A.; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil; Suddee, Somran; Phillipson, Peter B.; Wilson, Trevor C.; Forster, Paul I. & Culham, Alastair. Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera. PhytoKeys. 2019, 129: 1–158. PMC 6717120 . PMID 31523157. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988.  Coleus Care. Gardening Know How. 2019-07-15 [2019-07-15]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-15）.  Morton, J.K. Plectranthus. Hedberg, I.; Kelbessa, E.; Edwards, S.; Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (编). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5. Addis Ababa: The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University: 586–598. 2006. ISBN 978-91-971285-6-8. , cited in Paton et al. 2019 Paton, A.; Mwanyambo, M. & Culham, A. Phylogenetic study of Plectranthus, Coleus and allies (Lamiaceae): Taxonomy, distribution and medicinal use (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2018, 188 (4): 355–376 [2020-12-22]. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy064. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-30）.  Somran Suddee, Shuichiro Tagane, Phetlasy Souladeth, Deuantar Kongxaisavath, Sukid Rueangruea, Yoshihisa Suyama and Eizi Suzuki. 2020. Coleus bolavenensis (Lamiaceae), A New Species from Laos. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 48(1), 82-85. DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2020.48.1.14 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：鞘蕊属 英文维基文库中的《1911年版大英百科全書》條目：Coleus EcoPort on P. rotundifolius (synonym of Coleus rotundifolius) PROTAbase on P. rotundifolius （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (synonym of Coleus rotundifolius) EcoPort on P. esculentus (with tuber photo) (synonym of Coleus esculentus) Lamiales Newsletter on P. esculentus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (synonym of Coleus esculentus) Little-known African Tubers （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (discusses C. rotundifolius and C. esculentus)