山茶属

山茶属（学名：Camellia），或稱茶屬，是山茶科的一大属。品種約有200余種。主要分布中國的長江以南至雲南及越南等東亞與東南亞地區。其中的茶樹產茶葉，許多种也可以做觀賞植物。 属名Camellia为纪念耶稣会传教士乔治·约瑟夫·卡梅尔（英语：Georg Joseph Kamel）（1667-1706）而命名。 根据世界植物在线数据库的记录，本属目前包含以下224种： Camellia albata Orel & Curry Camellia amplexicaulis (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart 抱茎短蕊茶 Camellia amplexifolia Merr. & Chun Camellia anderseniae Orel Camellia andrefrancisii Orel & Curry 安龙瘤果茶 Camellia anlungensis Hung T.Chang Camellia annamensis N.S.Lý, V.D.Lương, N.Đ.Đỗ, T.H.Lê & T.L.Nguyễn 大萼毛蕊茶 Camellia assimiloides Sealy 五室金花茶 Camellia aurea Hung T.Chang 假大头茶 Camellia azalea C.F.Wei Camellia bidoupensis Truong Luong & Tran Camellia brevistaminata Orel & Curry 短柱茶 Camellia brevistyla (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart Camellia bugiamapensis Orel Curry,Luu & Q.D.Nguyen Camellia campanulata OrelCurry & Luu 白毛蕊茶 Camellia candida HungT.Chang Camellia capitata Orel Curry & Luu Camellia cattienensis Orel 长尾毛蕊茶 Camellia caudata Wall. 浙江红山茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu Camellia cherryana Orel Camellia chinmeiae S.L.Lee & T.Y.A.Yang 薄叶金花茶 Camellia chrysanthoides Hung T.Chang Camellia columna Orel & Curry Camellia compacta Orel & Curry Camellia concinna Orel & Curry 泰国管蕊茶 Camellia connata (Craib)Craib Camellia corallina (Gagnep.)Sealy 心叶毛蕊茶 Camellia cordifolia (F.P.Metcalf)Nakai 突肋茶 Camellia costata S.Y.Hu & S.Y.Liang 贵州连蕊茶 Camellia costei H.Lév. 红皮糙果茶 Camellia crapnelliana Tutcher 厚轴茶 Camellia crassicolumna HungT.Chang 厚柄连蕊茶 Camellia crassipes Sealy Camellia crassiphylla Ninh & Hakoda Camellia crassisepala Orel & Curry Camellia cuongiana Orel & Curry 滇南连蕊茶 Camellia cupiformis T.L.Ming Camellia curryana Orel & Luu 尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata (Kochs)Bean Camellia dalatensis V.D.Luong Ninh & Hakoda 德保金花茶 Camellia debaoensis R.C.Hu & Y.Q.Liu fu, 2019 Camellia decora Orel Curry & Luu Camellia dilinhensis Ninh & V.D.Luong Camellia discorsa Orel & Curry Camellia dongnaicensis Orel Camellia dormoyana (Pierre)Sealy Camellia drupifera Lour. Camellia duyana Orel Curry & Luu 尖萼红山茶 Camellia edithae Hance Camellia elizabethae Orel & Curry 长管连蕊茶 Camellia elongata (Rehder & E.H.Wilson)Rehder Camellia erubescens Orel & Curry Camellia euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy, 1949 显脉金花茶 Camellia euphlebia Merr.ex Sealy 柃叶连蕊茶 Camellia euryoides Lindl. Camellia exigua Orel & Curry 防城茶 Camellia fangchengensis S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong Camellia fansipanensis J.M.H.Shaw Wynn-Jones & V.D.Nguyen 簇蕊金花茶 Camellia fascicularis Hung T.Chang Camellia flava (Pit.)Sealy 淡黄金花茶 Camellia flavida Hung T.Chang Camellia fleuryi (A.Chev.)Sealy Camellia flosculora Curry V.S.Le,T.Q.Cuong & V.D.Luong 窄叶短柱茶 Camellia fluviatilis Hand.-Mazz. Camellia foleyana Orel & Curry 蒙自连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii (Diels)Cohen-Stuart Camellia fragilis Orel & Curry 毛柄连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna Hance Camellia fulva Orel & Curry 糙果茶 Camellia furfuracea (Merr.)Cohen-Stuart 硬叶糙果茶 Camellia gaudichaudii (Gagnep.)Sealy Camellia gilbertii (A.Chev.)Sealy 秃助连蕊茶 Camellia glabricostata T.L.Ming Camellia gracilipes Merr.ex Sealy 大苞茶 Camellia grandibracteata Hung T.Chang,Y.J.Tan,F.L.Yu & P.S.Wang 大苞山茶 Camellia granthamiana Sealy 长瓣短柱茶 Camellia grijsii Hance 秃房茶 Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang 海南油茶 Camellia hainanica Y.L.Zhao & Z.G.Xu Camellia harlandii Orel & Curry Camellia hatinhensis V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen 河口超长柄茶 Camellia hekouensis C.J.Wang & G.S.Fan 冬红短柱茶 Camellia hiemalis Nakai Camellia hirsuta Hakoda & Ninh Camellia honbaensis Luu Q.D.Nguyen & G.Tran Camellia hongiaoensis Orel & Curry 香港红山茶 Camellia hongkongensis Seem. 贵州金花茶 Camellia huana T.L.Ming & W.J.Zhang Camellia huulungensis Rosmann & Ninh 冬青叶山茶 Camellia ilicifolia Y.K.Li Camellia illia Orel & Curry 凹脉金花茶 Camellia impressinervis Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang 中越山茶 Camellia indochinensis Merr. Camellia ingens Orel & Curry Camellia insularis Orel & Curry Camellia × intermedia (Tuyama) Nagam. Camellia inusitata Orel Curry & Luu 山茶 Camellia japonica L. Camellia kirinoi Ninh 落瓣短柱茶 Camellia kissii Wall. Camellia krempfii (Gagnep.)Sealy 广西茶 Camellia kwangsiensis Hung T.Chang 管蕊茶 Camellia lanceolata (Blume)Seem. Camellia langbianensis (Gagnep.)P.H.Hô Camellia laotica (Gagnep.)T.L.Ming Camellia latifolia Orel & Curry 四川毛蕊茶 Camellia lawii Sealy 膜叶茶 Camellia leptophylla S.Ye Liang ex Hung T.Chang Camellia ligustrina Orel Curry & Luu 长萼连蕊茶 Camellia longicalyx Hung T.Chang Camellia longii Orel & Luu 长柄山茶 Camellia longipedicellata (Hu)Hung T.Chang & D.Fang 超长柄茶 Camellia longissima Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang Camellia lucii Orel & Curry Camellia luongii Ninh & Le Camellia lutchuensis T.Itô 云南管蕊茶 Camellia luteocalpandria S.X.Yang & E.D.Liu Camellia luteocerata Orel 小黄花茶 Camellia luteoflora Y.K.Li ex Hung T.Chang & F.A.Zeng Camellia luteonerva Orel & Curry Camellia luteopallida V.D.Luong T.Q.T.Nguyen & Luu Camellia maiana Orel 毛蕊红山茶 Camellia mairei (H.Lév.)Melch. 牦牛山山茶 Camellia maoniushanensis J.L.Liu & Q.Luo Camellia megasepala Hung T.Chang & Trin Ninh 广东毛蕊茶 Camellia melliana Hand.-Mazz. 小花金花茶 Camellia micrantha S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong 弥勒糙果茶 Camellia mileensis T.L.Ming 富宁金花茶 Camellia mingii S.X.Yang Camellia minima Orel & Curry Camellia mollis Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren Camellia montana (Blanco)Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren Camellia multigemma Orel & Curry Camellia murauchii Ninh & Hakoda Camellia namkadingensis Soulad. & Tagane Camellia nematodea (Gagnep.)Sealy Camellia nervosa (Gagnep.)Hung T.Chang Camellia ngheanensis N.D.DoV.D.Luong,N.S.Lý,T.H.Lê & D.H.Nguyễn Camellia ninhii V.D.Luong & Le Camellia oconoriana Orel Curry & Luu 油茶 Camellia oleifera C.Abel 厚短蕊茶 Camellia pachyandra Hu Camellia pallida Orel & Curry 细花短蕊茶 Camellia parviflora Merr. & ChunexSealy 小瘤果茶 Camellia parvimuricata Hung T.Chang Camellia parvula Orel & Curry 腺叶离蕊茶 Camellia paucipunctata (Merr. & Chun)Chun Camellia pentagonalema Orel & Curry 四季花金花茶 Camellia perpetua S. Ye Liang & L. D. Huang 金花茶 Camellia petelotii (Merr.)Sealy Camellia phanii Hakoda & Ninh Camellia philippinensis Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren 毛籽离蕊茶 Camellia pilosperma S.Yun Liang 平果金花茶 Camellia pingguoensis D.Fang Camellia piquetiana (Pierre)Sealy Camellia pirifructa Orel & Curry 西南红山茶 Camellia pitardii Cohen-Stuart Camellia pleurocarpa (Gagnep.)Sealy 多齿红山茶 Camellia polyodonta F.C.How ex Hu Camellia proensis V.D.Luong Dudkin & V.H.Quach Camellia psilocarpa X.G.Shi & C.X.Ye 毛叶茶 Camellia ptilophylla HungT.Chang Camellia pubicosta Merr. 毛糙果茶 Camellia pubifurfuracea Y.C.Zhong 毛瓣金花茶 Camellia pubipetala Y.Wan & S.Z.Huang Camellia puhoatensis N.S.Lý V.D.Luong,T.H.Lê,D.H.Nguyễn & N.D.Do Camellia pukhangensis N.D.Do V.D.Luong,S.T.Hoang & T.H.Lê Camellia pulchella Orel & Curry 斑枝毛蕊茶 Camellia punctata (Kochs)Cohen-Stuart Camellia pyriparva Orel & Curry Camellia pyxidiacea Z.R.XuF.P.Chen & C.Y.Deng Camellia quangcuongii L.V.Dung S.T.Hoang & Nhan Camellia reflexa Orel & Curry Camellia renshanxiangiae C.X.Ye & X.Q.Zheng 滇山茶 Camellia reticulata Lindl. 皱果茶 Camellia rhytidocarpa HungT.Chang & S.YeLiang Camellia rosacea Tagane Soulad. & Yahara 玫瑰连蕊茶 Camellia rosiflora Hook. Camellia rosmannii Ninh 川萼连蕊茶 Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz. 喙果金花茶 Camellia rostrata S.X.Yang & S.F.Chai 圆基茶 Camellia rotundata Chang et Yu，接受名为：厚轴茶 Camellia crassicolumna Camellia rubriflora Ninh & Hakoda 柳叶毛蕊茶 Camellia salicifolia Champ. 怒江红山茶 Camellia saluenensis StapfexBean 茶梅 Camellia sasanqua Thunb. Camellia scabrosa Orel & Curry 老挝茶 Camellia sealyana T.L.Ming 南山茶 Camellia semiserrata C.W.Chi 七瓣连蕊茶 Camellia septempetala Hung T.Chang & L.L.Qi Camellia siangensis T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar 茶树 Camellia sinensis (L.)Kuntze，茶 Camellia sonthaiensis Luu V.D.Luong,Q.D.Nguyen & T.Q.T.Nguyen Camellia stellata Orel & Curry 五室连蕊茶 Camellia stuartiana Sealy 全缘红山茶 Camellia subintegra P.C.Huang Camellia suddeeana D.Wei Zhao Camellia synaptica Sealy 半宿萼茶 Camellia szechuanensis C.W.Chi 思茅短蕊茶 Camellia szemaoensis Hung T.Chang 大厂茶 Camellia tachangensis F.S.Zhang Camellia tadungensis Orel Curry & Luu 大理茶 Camellia taliensis (W.W.Sm.)Melch. 大姚短柱茶 Camellia tenii Sealy Camellia thailandica Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren Camellia thanxaensa Hakoda & Kirino Camellia thuongiana V.D.Luong A.Le & T.L.Nguyen Camellia tienyenensis Orel & Curry Camellia tomentosa Orel & Curry 东京金花茶 Camellia tonkinensis (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart 阿里山连蕊茶 Camellia transarisanensis (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart 毛枝连蕊茶 Camellia trichoclada (Rehder)S.S.Chien Camellia triquetra Orel & Curry 云南连蕊茶 Camellia tsaii Hu 金屏连蕊茶 Camellia tsingpienensis Hu 瘤果茶 Camellia tuberculata S.S.Chien Camellia tuyenquangensis V.D.Luong Le & Ninh 单体红山茶 Camellia uraku Kitam. Camellia vanlangensis V.D. Luong & V.T. Pham Camellia venusta Orel & Curry 小果毛蕊茶 Camellia villicarpa S.S.Chien 绿萼连蕊茶 Camellia viridicalyx Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang Camellia viscosa Orel & Curry Camellia vuquangensis V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen 滇缅离蕊茶 Camellia wardii Kobuski Camellia wilkesiana Orel & Curry 武鸣金花茶 Camellia wumingensis S.Ye Liang & C.R.Fu ex Hai L.Chen 黄花短蕊茶 Camellia xanthochroma K.M.Feng & L.S.Xie Camellia yokdonensis Dungbis & Hakoda 五柱滇山茶 Camellia yunnanensis (Pit. ex Diels)Cohen-Stuart Camellia zhaiana S.X.Yang 紫金短柱茶 Camellia zijinica M.Lin, Q.L.Ye & Q.Fan, 2024 山茶属植物具有重要的经济价值，茶叶是世界三大植物饮料之一；茶花是中国十大名花，深受世界各国人民的喜爱；油茶还是一种优良的木本油料植物。根据世界山茶属植物品种数据库的记录，世界范围内1253年至2023年的茶花、茶叶、茶油品种有26,087种。 RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008: 1136. ISBN 1405332964.  Camellia L.. Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. [2022-11-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）.  Ngọc-Sâm Lý, Văn-Dũng Lương, Thị-Hương Lê, Ngọc-Đài Đỗ, Ninh TRẦN, Anh-Đức Nguyễn, Thị-Liễu Nguyễn, Chiyomi Uematsu and Hironori Katayama. 2022. Camellia annamensis (Theaceae), A New Species from central Vietnam. Taiwania. 67(2); 243-249 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2022.67.243 Hu, Renchuan,Wei, Sujuan,Liufu, Yongqing,et al. Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China[J]. PHYTOKEYS,2019(135):49-58. Zhen-Wen Liu, Sheng-Feng Chai, Fang-Yuan Wu, Pin-Ming Ye, Chang-Jie Jiang, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Xiang-Qin Yu, Jin-Lin Ma and Shi-Xiong Yang. 2020. Camellia rostrata, A New Species of Yellow Camellias from Southwest China. Phytotaxa. 459(1); 61–68. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.459.1.6 Dongwei Zhao. 2023. Camellia suddeeana (Theaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 594(3); 232-236. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.7，http://Researchgate.net/publication/370328018_Camellia_suddeeana_a_new_species_from_Thailand Ngoc Bon Trinh, Van Dung Luong, Nguyet Hai Ninh Le and Van The Pham. 2023. Camellia vanlangensis (Theaceae, Sect. Archecamellia), A New Yellow-flowered Species from Vietnam. Taiwania. 68(4); 465-471. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1965 Hai-Ling Chen, Su-Juan Wei, Shao-Qing Tang and Yan Liu. 2023. Camellia wumingensis (Theaceae), A neglected Species from Guangxi, China. Taiwania. 68(4); 472-479. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1966 Min Lin, Qin-Liang Ye, Zhi-Jian Zhang, Wen-Bo Liao and Qiang Fan. 2024. ﻿Camellia zijinica (Theaceae), A New Species endemic to Danxia Landscape from Guangdong Province, China. PhytoKeys. 237: 245-255. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114768 International Camellia Register-Camellia,Cultivars,Species,Photos. camellia.iflora.cn. [2023-02-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-11）.  Wang, Yanan; Zhuang, Huifu; Shen, Yunguang; Wang, Yuhua; Wang, Zhonglang. The Dataset of Camellia Cultivars Names in the World. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2021-01-19, 9 [2023-02-11]. ISSN 1314-2828. PMC 7838149 . PMID 33519266. doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e61646. （原始内容存档于2023-02-11）.  [在维基数据编辑] 《欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·山茶部》，出自陈梦雷《古今圖書集成》 《植物名實圖考·山茶》，出自吳其濬《植物名實圖考》 Camellia. ITIS.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：山茶属 The International Camellia Society （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The American Camellia Society （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Southeastern Camellia Society Website with many Camellia illustrations from European and Japanese Camellia Books First Public Camellia Show （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） historical marker