異蟲綱

异虫纲（学名：Xenusia）是一類生存在古生代海洋中的已滅絕動物，是叶足动物的代表演化支，可能包括有爪动物的祖先。模式属是异虫属（Xenusion）。它们具有相对较大的环状圆柱形的身体，它们的叶足基部有结节。有些附肢较大，这些埋藏的化石生物資訊能够做为其代表。它们的口器在躯体末端或接近末端，它们曾经生活在全球各地的海洋中。它们可能是一个並系群，而不是单系群。 异虫纲包括以下目和科: 始有爪目 Archonychophora Hou & Bergstrom, 1995 啰哩山虫科 Luolishaniidae Hou & Bergstrom, 1995 啰哩山虫属 Luolishania Hou & Chen 1989 神奇啰哩山虫属 Miraluolishania Liu & Shu 2004 贫腿虫科 Paucipodiidae Hou et al., 2004 贫腿虫属 Paucipodia Hou et al. 2004 原有爪目 Protonychophora Hutchinson, 1930 埃谢栉蚕科 Aysheaiidae Walcott, 1911 埃谢栉蚕属 Aysheaia Walcott 1911 异虫科 Xenusiidae Dzik & Krumbiegel, 1989 异虫属 Xenusion Pompeckj, 1927 坚有爪目 Scleronychophora Hou & Bergstrom, 1995 始小贝科 Eoconchariidae Hou & Shu, 1987 微网虫属 Microdictyon Bengtson et al. 方孔蟲屬 Quadratapora Hao and Shu, 1987 紡錘貝蟲屬 Fusuconcharium Hao and Shu, 1987 怪诞虫科 Hallucigeniidae Conway Morris, 1977 怪诞虫属 Hallucigenia Conway Morris 1977 石炭小管蟲屬 Carbotubulus Haug et al. 2012 心网虫科 Cardiodictyidae Hou & Bergstrom, 1995 心网虫属 Cardiodictyon Hou et al. 1991 等有爪目 Paronychophora Hou & Bergstrom, 1995 爪网虫科 Onychodictyidae Hou & Bergstrom, 1995 爪网虫属 Onychodictyon Hou et al. 1991 Orstenotubulus Maas et al. 2007 Mureropodia Dzik, J.; Krumbiegel, G. N. The oldest 'onychophoran' Xenusion: A link connecting phyla?. Lethaia. 1989, 22 (2): 169–181. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1989.tb01679.x.  Hou, X.; Bergström, J. A. N. Cambrian lobopodians-ancestors of extant onychophorans?. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1995, 114: 3–19. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x.  Jianni Liu Degan Shu, Jian Han, Zhifei Zhang & Xingliang Zhang. A large xenusiid lobopod with complex appendages from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2006, 51 (2): 215–222 [2020-04-27]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-09）.  Julián Monge-Nájera & Xianguang Hou; Hou. Experimental taphonomy of velvet worms (Onychophora) and implications for the Cambrian "explosion, disparity and decimation" model (PDF). Revista de Biología Tropical. 2002, 50 (3–4): 1133–1138. PMID 12947596. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于June 29, 2011）.  George Poinar, Jr. Fossil onychophorans from Dominican and Baltic amber: Tertiapatus dominicanus n.g., n.sp. (Tertiapatidae n.fam.) and Succinipatopsis balticus n.g., n.sp. (Succinipatopsidae n.fam.) with a proposed classification of the subphylum Onychophora. Invertebrate Biology. 2000, 119 (1): 104–109. JSTOR 3227105. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2000.tb00178.x.  Ma, X.; Hou, X.; Bergström, J. Morphology of Luolishania longicruris (Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang Lagerstätte, SW China) and the phylogenetic relationships within lobopodians. Arthropod Structure & Development. 2009, 38 (4): 271–291. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2009.03.001.  Xian-Guang Hou, Xiao-Ya Ma, Jie Zhao & Jan Bergström; Ma; Zhao; Bergström. The lobopodian Paucipodia inermis from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, Yunnan, China. Lethaia. 2004, 37 (3): 235–244. doi:10.1080/00241160410006555.  Whittle, R. J.; Gabbott, S. E.; Aldridge, R. J.; Theron, J. An Ordovician Lobopodian from the Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa. Palaeontology. May 2009, 52 (3): 561–567. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00860.x.  Haug, J. T.; Mayer, G.; Haug, C.; Briggs, D. E. G. A Carboniferous Non-Onychophoran Lobopodian Reveals Long-Term Survival of a Cambrian Morphotype. Current Biology. 2012, 22 (18): 1673–1675. PMID 22885062. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.066 .  Maas, A.; Mayer, G.; Kristensen, R. M.; Waloszek, D. A Cambrian micro-lobopodian and the evolution of arthropod locomotion and reproduction. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2007, 52 (24): 3385–3392. doi:10.1007/s11434-007-0515-3.  Gámez Vintaned, J. A.; Liñán, E.; Zhuravlev, A. A New Early Cambrian Lobopod-Bearing Animal (Murero, Spain) and the Problem of the Ecdysozoan Early Diversification. Evolutionary Biology – Concepts, Biodiversity, Macroevolution and Genome Evolution. 29 June 2011: 193–219. ISBN 978-3-642-20762-4. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20763-1_12.