尿調理素

尿調理素（uromodulin），又稱Tamm–Horsfall蛋白（Tamm–Horsfall glycoprotein，THP），為一種醣蛋白。該蛋白由 UMOD 基因轉譯而成。尿調理素為人類正常尿液中最主要的蛋白質。 人類的 UMOD 基因位於第16對染色體，該基因可能存在許多不同種變異，但目前已報導的全蛋白序列僅有兩種。大多數人屬於這兩種蛋白。 尿調理素屬於多醣磷脂肌醇錨定物（英语：glycophosphatidylinositol）醣蛋白，在哺乳動物中主要由腎臟的亨耳氏套粗上升支（英语：thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle）產生。尿調理素的單體約為85 kDa，在尿液中則常聚合成數百萬 Da 的大分子。該蛋白在低pH值時會形成膠狀型態，為正常人類尿液中最主要的蛋白質。尿調理素為尿液管型的主要成分。 尿調理素被轉譯完成後，會藉由外結構域（英语：ectodomain）中的醣磷脂肌醇（英语：glycophosphatidylinositol）鍵與膜相接，剩下的部分會暴露於亨耳氏套的管腔中。當醣磷脂肌醇鍵被打斷後，尿調理素便會進入尿液中。尿調理素可能可以抑制尿鈣造成結石，或是防止細菌造成的泌尿道感染。 目前有關尿調理素的功能尚不清楚。有研究發現，尿調理素可能扮演運輸的角色。另外一份研究則顯示該蛋白可能具有抗菌的功能：大腸桿菌的MS 性菌毛或菌毛對於甘露糖相當敏感，而尿調理素側鏈中的甘露糖結構則可以抓住大腸桿菌的菌毛。該蛋白也可能在急性腎損傷時具有抑制發炎的功能。 尿調理素、尿橋蛋白（英语：Uropontin），以及腎鈣蛋白為目前已知三種可能影響腎鈣結石的醣蛋白。尿調理素雖然為腎結石的成分之一，但其對於腎結石的角色目前仍未有定論。但目前已知尿調理素過低是預測腎結石的良好指標。 與家族性少年高血尿酸癥腎病相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.  GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169344 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030963 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. 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