天生臭臉綜合症

天生臭臉綜合症（英語：Resting bitch face，簡稱RBF，或稱bitchy resting face（BRF）；又譯天生生氣臉、天生臭臉），是指人無意識做出的一種像在生氣、惱怒、煩躁或蔑視的面部表情，特別是放鬆、休息或沒有流露任何情緒時的面部表情。 心理學家對天生臭臉綜合症的概念進行了研究，可能與臉部傾向（英语：Bias）、性別刻板印象、人類決斷和决策等心理因素有關。信息技术科學家也使用了一種臉部辨識系統對其進行研究，他們發現這種現象是真實存在的，且雖然概念名稱中使用了指女性的單字「bitch」，但其在男性中出現的機率跟女性一樣普遍。 《纽约时报》作家格蘭特·巴雷特（英语：Grant Barrett）在一份2013年末的新流行單字片語盤點中稱，該片語可追溯到「至少十年」前。 2013年5月22日，喜劇團體Broken People在Funny or Die（英语：Funny or Die）網站上傳了一部戲仿公共服務宣導（英语：public service announcement）的影片，標題為「Bitchy Resting Face」（BRF），內容為因面無表情（英语：blank expression）時看起來像在生氣而受困擾者尋求沒有此困擾者的理解。 天生臭臉綜合症成為了流行的網路迷因，以首字母縮寫「RBF」為人熟知。 媒體開始廣泛使用「天生臭臉綜合症」這個詞彙。如被《柯夢波丹》和《Elle》等針對女性的生活和時尚雜誌使用，也在虛構和非虛構的文學出版作品中出現。 哈德利·弗里曼（英语：Hadley Freeman）寫道，在Broken People的影片中被使用後，該詞便極大地為人熟知，她也指出影片中描述男性使用的詞「Resting Asshole Face」（RAF）沒有收到同樣多的討論。纽约大学心理學家喬納森·弗里曼（Jonathan Freeman）進行的一項研究顯示，稍微憤怒的面部表情會讓他人覺得你不可靠。 2014年，克洛伊·霍格（Chloé Hogg）在期刊《语文学季刊（英语：Philological Quarterly）》發表的文章中聲稱此現象並不新鮮，並附上亚森特·里戈所繪的路易十四「天生臭臉」肖像畫。天生臭臉綜合症在兇猛的程度上可能差異極大。 2015年，CBS新聞報導有些整形醫生會實施手術來幫助天生臭臉綜合症患者。 2019年，喜劇演員安德魯·道爾（英语：Andrew Doyle (comedian)）稱他對女演員為Titania McGrath（英语：Titania McGrath）一角進行了試鏡，部分原因是她能把Titania的天生臭臉演得很逼真。 社會認同理論 不爽猫 臉部回饋假說（英语：Facial feedback hypothesis） 我沒生氣，我只是天生臭臉. 紐約時報. 2015-08-24 [2021-01-29].  resting bitch face 在英語-中文（繁體）詞典中的翻譯. 劍橋詞典. 2021-01-27 [2021-01-29].  Jessica Bennett. I'm Not Mad. That's Just My RBF.. 纽约时报. 2015-08-01: ST9 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）. In that moment, I joined the ranks of a tribe of women who suffer from the scourge known as “resting bitch face” or, increasingly, just RBF.  Gibson, Caitlin. Scientists have discovered what causes Resting Bitch Face. 华盛顿邮报. 2016-02-02 [2016-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-15）. “Something in the neutral expression of the face is relaying contempt, both to the software and to us.”  Saedi, Goal Auzeen. Do You Suffer From 'Bitchy Resting Face'?. Psychology Today（英语：Psychology Today）. 2015-08-08 [2015-12-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-01）.  Todorov, Alexander; Olivola, Christopher Y.; Dotsch, Ron; Mende-Siedlecki, Peter. Social Attributions from Faces: Determinants, Consequences, Accuracy, and Functional Significance (PDF). 心理學年評（英语：Annual Review of Psychology）. 2015, 66: 519–45 [2015-12-08]. PMID 25196277. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143831. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-05-01）.  Natasha Noman. Science Says Resting Bitch Face Is Real — And You're Probably Judging People for It. Mic（英语：Mic (media company)）. 2016-02-03 [2016-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）. In short, RBF is when a person's expression unintentionally implies they are "simultaneously bored, mad and skeptical," Jessica Bennett wrote of her own face in a New York Times op-ed on the subject.  Mazza, Ed. "Science Finds Resting Bitch Face Is Real -- And Men Can Have It, Too （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", 赫芬顿邮报 (February 4, 2016): "While there has been a certain amount of sexism surrounding resting bitch face -- even the name itself is laced with it -- the computer detected RBF as frequently in men as it did in women." Grant Barrett. A Wordnado of Words in 2013. 纽约时报. 2013-12-22 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-18）. Dating back at least 10 years as a described concept but popularized in 2013 by a video made by the group Broken People.  Bitchy resting face. Broken People. 2013-05-22 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-15）.  Stephanie Shi. 13 Struggles Only Women With Resting Bitch Face Understand. Cosmopolitan. 2015-06-04 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-30）.  Kristina Rodulfo. I won't apologize for my 'bitchy resting face'. Elle. 2014-02-05 [2021-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-01）.  Mortimer, Holly. Blindsided. Butterfly Publishing. 2015: 15 [2021-01-30]. ISBN 9781508448983. （原始内容存档于2020-01-13）.  Simons, Stephanie. 2. Chic-tionary: The Little Book of Fashion Faux-cabulary. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2014 [2021-01-30]. ISBN 9781629145464. （原始内容存档于2021-07-23）.  Zach Johnson. Kristen Stewart Responds to Accusations That She Suffers From Resting Bitch Face: "I Actually Smile a Lot!". E!. 2015-08-04 [2015-08-06]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-11）. Kristen Stewart may not have a permanent grin on her face, à la Tom Cruise on a worldwide promo tour, but the actress doesn't suffer from resting bitch face, either. In fact, Stewart is tired of people assuming she's always unhappy. "The whole smiling thing is weird because I actually smile a lot," the actress admitted. "I literally want to be like, 'Dude, you would think I was cool if you got to know me.'"  Freeman, Hadley. Bitchy resting face: must it be taken so seriously?. 衛報. 2013-07-23 [2021-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-03）.  Rene Paulson. Women with 'resting bitch face' are actually better communicators. Quartz. 2015-09-06 [2015-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-07）. Research has shown that people rely heavily on facial expressions and body language. Psychologist Albert Mehrabian (...) conducted famous studies in the 1960s that found that interpreting someone’s communication is based mostly on nonverbal cues, like facial expression, body language and tone. Women confronted by a world that automatically attaches negative attributes to their non-smiling face must quickly learn how to communicate and also hone a finely-tuned awareness of both our own emotions and the emotions of those around us.  Static and Dynamic Facial Cues Differentially Affect the Consistency of Social Evaluations. 2015-06-18. doi:10.1177/0146167215591495.  Chloé Hogg. Subject of Passions: Charles Le Brun and the Emotions of Absolutism. 语文学季刊（英语：Philological Quarterly）. 2014 冬: 65–94 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-11）. Hyacinthe Rigaud's famous portrait of Louis XIV depicts the absolute monarch's absolute physiognomic control as part of the attributes of royalty-what I'm tempted to call, in contemporary emotional parlance, Louis XIV's "bitchy resting face".  请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助) Seen At 11: A Cosmetic Cure For 'Resting Bitch Face'. CBS News. 2015-10-26 [2015-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-27）.  13 bizarre but popular plastic surgery procedures. CBS News. 2015-10-26 [2015-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-11）. According to Dr. Joseph Eviatar of Chelsea Cosmetic, more and more people are seeking medical treatment to help correct their natural resting bitch face.  I created a monster in 'woke' warrior Titania McGrath – and now I'm bringing her to life onstage. The Telegraph. 2019-07-26 [2020-02-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-15）.