联盟、进步和民主

联盟、进步和民主（西班牙語：Unión, Progreso y Democracia；[uˈnjon, pɾoˈɣɾeso i ðemoˈkɾaθja]，简称UPyD，[upeiˈðe]）是西班牙的一个中间派政党，成立于2007年9月26日。该党奉行社会自由主义路线，反对西班牙国内各种形式的分离主义运动。该党成立之初，发展迅速，但近年来逐渐式微。 英文名称：Union, Progress and Democracy，官方名称不包含逗号。 （西班牙文） Cristiano Brown es elegido nuevo líder de UPyD （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, El Español Medina, Lucía. From recession to long-lasting political crisis? Continuities and changes in Spanish politics in times of crisis and austerity (pdf). Working Paper. Vol. 334 (Institut de Ciències Polítiques i Socials (ICPS)). 2015: 4 [3 Feb 2016]. ISSN 1133-8962. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-05-03）. and Union, Progress and Democracy (a progressive party founded in 2007 and strongly characterized by its rejection of the peripheral nationalisms  Miftari 2015，第32頁: "The center oriented and progressive UPyD" sfn error: no target: CITEREFMiftari2015 (help) Lansford 2014，第1337頁: "Founded in 2007, the UPyD is a liberal, progressive party that advocates expanded federalism, including restoring central control over education and health care" sfn error: no target: CITEREFLansford2014 (help) Sánchez-Cuenca & Dinas 2016，第144頁: "Unión Progreso y Democracia (UPyD– a progressive party in favour of the unity of Spain)" sfn error: no target: CITEREFSánchez-CuencaDinas2016 (help) Seoane Pérez 2010，第266頁: "The anti-nationalist, progressive UPyD failed to become the third political force, as some polls had predicted, but still won its first seat in the EP with 2.9 per cent of the vote" sfn error: no target: CITEREFSeoane_Pérez2010 (help) Political Parties in Andalucia - UPyD. andalucia.com. [25 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-03）. Formed in 2007, the UPYD is a social liberal party that rejects nationalism in all forms and wants to adopt a system of symmetric federalism with political centralization as a territorial model  Mateos, Araceli; Penadés, Alberto. España: crisis y recortes (pdf). Revista de ciencia política (Santiago). 2013, 33 (1): 175 [January 12, 2016]. ISSN 0718-090X. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-08） （西班牙语）. Unión Progreso y Democracia (5 escaños) es un partido de centro, con una combinación de ideología social liberal y de centralismo territorial, enemigo del nacionalismo periférico en España  Painter 2013，第208頁: "The leftist ‘United Left’ and the moderate social liberal party Union, Progress and Democracy, saw their support increase by 3 per cent and 3.5 per cent, respectively" sfn error: no target: CITEREFPainter2013 (help) Wolfram Nordsieck. SPAIN. Parties and Elections in Europe. [15 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-23）. Unión, Progreso y Democracia (UPD): Social liberalism  UPyD. Ideology: centralism, social liberalism. Political Position: Centre （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, European Social Survey Ávila López 2015，第85頁: "Party: UPyD: Unión Progreso y Democracia (Union, Progress & Democracy). President / Leader: Andrés Herzog. Ideology: Centralism, secularism, European federalism" sfn error: no target: CITEREFÁvila_López2015 (help) Dorange 2013，第100頁: "Partido españolista, republicano, nacional y laico, defiende la igualdad ciudadana en contra de los hechos diferenciales del nacionalismo considerados discriminatorios" sfn error: no target: CITEREFDorange2013 (help) The Democratic Society. Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD). demsoc.org. [3 Feb 2016]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-01）. The party is rigidly secularist, and declares itself to be neither left nor right  Leonisio, Rafael; Strijbis, Oliver. Beyond Self-placement: Why Nationalism is a Better Predictor of Electoral Behaviour in the Basque Country (PDF). Spanish Journal of Sociological Research (REIS). 2014, (146): 56 [2017-09-04]. ISSN 0210-5233. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2017-08-11） （西班牙语及英语）. UA had disappeared and a centralist and centrist party had emerged: UPyD (Union Progress and Democracy)  Fernández-Albertos, José. EU election: idea of Europe remains powerful in Spain. The Conversation. May 19, 2014 [February 20, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-03）. and the liberal-reformist and centralist Union Progress and Democracy (UPyD)  Vaquer, Jordi. Party Systems in Disarray, and the Emergence and Consolidation of New Actors in Southern Europe (pdf). 2015 [November 13, 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-07-21）. and the centre reformist UPyD (6.5%)  Vidal & Jiménez Losantos 2012: "cualquier acuerdo con UPyD, la única fuerza reformista española" sfn error: no target: CITEREFVidalJiménez_Losantos2012 (help) The Democratic Society. Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD). demsoc.org. [3 Feb 2016]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-01）. The party is the most pro-European in Spain, and supports a federal Europe, which it sees as an important guarantor of individual rights  How much is enough?. 经济学人. 6 November 2008 [9 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-03）. Mr Savater and Rosa Díez, a former Basque Socialist leader, have set up a new party of the radical centre called Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD), in an effort to combine social liberalism with a defence of the idea of Spain  Dvořáková, Monika. Politický a stranický systém Andalusie a volby v letech 2008 - 2012 (pdf). Masarykova univerzita: 19. 2012 [February 3, 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-10-19） （捷克语）. UPyD je považována za stranu radikálního centrismu  Azagra Ros & Romero González 2012，第120頁: "más el radical-centrismo de UPyD" sfn error: no target: CITEREFAzagra_RosRomero_González2012 (help) Navarro, Pedro Antonio. El Congreso da su plácet al relevo (PDF). El siglo de Europa. No. 1068. 2014: 18 [3 Feb 2016]. ISSN 2254-9234. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2016-03-06） （西班牙语）. Por su parte, UPyD, por boca de su jefa de filas, Rosa Díez, sorprendía en su intervención, no por el sentido de su pronunciamiento, que ya había sido anunciado con anterioridad, sino por la dureza de su exposición cuando aludía a la forma de Estado republicana, recurriendo a comparaciones como las de la República Popular de Corea o la República Islámica de Irán para denostar esta modalidad de Estado. Su confesión monárquica iba más allá, cuando dedicaba encendidos elogios a Juan Carlos I, de quien aseguró que “supo aprender de la sociedad española, aprender de fracasos y se puso del lado de los que queríamos construir una España plural y democrática”  Rivero, Borja. Elecciones regionales en España: ¿Quién teme al lobo feroz?. Cafébabel. 26 May 2015 [April 9, 2016]. ISSN 2110-5669. （原始内容存档于2017-08-28） （西班牙语）. UPyD o Unión Progreso y Democracia, partido de centro político, socio-liberal, progresista, centralista y monárquico  Rodríguez Teruel, Juan; Barrio, Astrid. Going National: Ciudadanos from Catalonia to Spain (pdf). South European Society and Politics (Routledge). 2016, 21 (4): 587–607 [2017-09-04]. ISSN 1360-8746. doi:10.1080/13608746.2015.1119646. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-06-18）. In September 2007, Unión Progreso y Democracia had been created in Madrid. The new party had many similarities to Ciudadanos in terms of party agenda and strategy. It defended Spanish patriotism and criticised the evolution of decentralisation in Spain and the role of Catalan and Basque nationalism in Spanish politics  （法文） Un parti centriste irrite les grands partis, Le Temps Armada, Alfonso. Otra España. Atisbos de un nuevo patriotismo. ABC. 4 July 2008 [14 April 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-03） （西班牙语）.  Bonet i Martí 2015，第127頁: "Unión Progreso y Democracia (UPyD, a Spanish anti-nationalist party)" sfn error: no target: CITEREFBonet_i_Martí2015 (help) Encyclopædia Britannica 2014，第488頁: "and Union, Progress and Democracy (UPD, 7.7%) on the centre-right" sfn error: no target: CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2014 (help) Ugarriza & Caluwaerts 2014，第68頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFUgarrizaCaluwaerts2014 (help) Bel i Queralt 2012，第XVII頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBel_i_Queralt2012 (help) Field & Botti 2013，第10頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFieldBotti2013 (help) Ross, Richardson & Sangrador-Vegas 2013，第77頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRossRichardsonSangrador-Vegas2013 (help) Ştefuriuc 2013，第XII頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFŞtefuriuc2013 (help) Ministerio del Interior de España. Union Progreso y Democracia. Registro Oficial de Partidos Políticos. [12 May 2017] （西班牙语）. [永久失效連結] 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：联盟、进步和民主 Unión Progreso y Democracia （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（西班牙文）