弧菌屬

弧菌屬（学名：Vibrio）是一屬革蘭氏陰性菌，屬兼性厭氧菌。弧菌屬多存在於水中，其中有許多種類具有致病性，例如：創傷弧菌、霍亂弧菌及腸炎弧菌等等。在型態上，弧菌呈直桿或彎曲的短桿狀，其大小約為1.4~2.6μm × 0.3~0.5μm；不形成內孢子，藉一或多根極鞭毛運動。弧菌需藉由鈉離子刺激成長，且為絕對必須性。此外弧菌對化合物2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine phosphate(0/129)具感受性，DNAmol% G+C 38~51。 弧菌在自然環境中，普遍存在於海洋、河口與水生生物體；其中許多弧菌不但為魚蝦貝類的病原菌株，有些甚至對人類亦具致病性，引致腸胃炎。 本属包括以下物种： 适应弧菌 Vibrio adaptatus Vibrio aerogenes Shieh et al. 2000 Vibrio aestivus Lucena et al. 2013 河口弧菌 Vibrio aestuarianus Tison and Seidler 1983 液化琼脂弧菌 Vibrio agarliquefaciens Vibrio agarivorans Macián et al. 2001 易北河弧菌 Vibrio albensis Lehmann and Neumann 1896 Vibrio albus Li et al. 2019 Vibrio alfacsensis Gomez-Gil et al. 2012 居藻弧菌 Vibrio algicola Geng et al. 2020 溶藻弧菌 Vibrio alginolyticus (Miyamoto et al. 1961) Sakazaki, 1968，解藻朊酸弧菌，解藻酸弧菌 Vibrio algivorus Doi et al. 2016 Vibrio amylolyticus Zhang et al. 2023 鳗弧菌 Vibrio anguillarum Bergman 1909 Vibrio aphrogenes Tanaka et al. 2018 水弧菌 Vibrio aquaticus Li et al. 2020 Vibrio areninigrae Chang et al. 2008 Vibrio artabrorum Diéguez et al. 2011 Vibrio astriarenae Al-Saari et al. 2016 Vibrio atlanticus Diéguez et al. 2011 Vibrio atypicus Wang et al. 2010 Vibrio azureus Yoshizawa et al. 2009 Vibrio barjaei Dubert et al. 2017 Vibrio bivalvicida Dubert et al. 2016 巴西弧菌 Vibrio brasiliensis Thompson et al. 2003 Vibrio breoganii Beaz Hidalgo et al. 2009 Vibrio calviensis Denner et al. 2002 坎氏弧菌 Vibrio campbellii (Baumann et al. 1971) Baumann et al. 1981，坎氏酸弧菌 Vibrio carchariae Grimes et al. 1985 Vibrio caribbeanicus Hoffmann et al. 2012 Vibrio casei Bleicher et al. 2010 Vibrio celticus Beaz-Hidalgo et al. 2011 Vibrio chagasii Thompson et al. 2003 Vibrio chanodichtyis Wu et al. 2023 霍乱弧菌 Vibrio cholerae Pacini 1854，霍乱杆菌 Vibrio cidicii Orata et al. 2016 辛辛那提弧菌 Vibrio cincinnatiensis Brayton et al. 1986 Vibrio comitans Sawabe et al. 2007 Vibrio communis Chimetto et al. 2011 Vibrio coralliilyticus Ben-Haim et al. 2003 Vibrio coralliirubri Poli et al. 2018 Vibrio cortegadensis Lasa et al. 2014 肋生弧菌 Vibrio costicola Smith 1938 Vibrio crassostreae Faury et al. 2004 Vibrio crosai González-Castillo et al. 2015 Vibrio cyclitrophicus corrig. Hedlund and Staley 2001 Vibrio cyclotrophicus Hedlund and Staley 2001 美人鱼弧菌 Vibrio damsela Love et al. 1982 Vibrio diabolicus Raguénès et al. 1997 双氨弧菌 Vibrio diazotrophicus Guerinot et al. 1982，双氮养弧菌 Vibrio echinoideorum Hira et al. 2019 Vibrio europaeus (Prado et al. 2016) Dubert et al. 2016 Vibrio ezurae Sawabe et al. 2005 费氏弧菌 Vibrio fischeri (Beijerinck 1889) Lehmann and Neumann 1896 佛罗里达弧菌 Vibrio floridensis Grant et al. 2023 河流弧菌 Vibrio fluvialis Lee et al. 1981 Vibrio fortis Thompson et al. 2003 福建弧菌 Vibrio fujianensis Fang et al. 2018 弗氏弧菌 Vibrio furnissii Brenner et al. 1984 Vibrio galatheae Giubergia et al. 2016 Vibrio gallaecicus Beaz-Hidalgo et al. 2009 Vibrio gallicus Sawabe et al. 2004 Vibrio gangliei Meng et al. 2018 产气弧菌 Vibrio gazogenes (Harwood et al. 1980) Baumann et al. 1981 溶胶弧菌 Vibrio gelatinilyticus Zhang et al. 2023 Vibrio gigantis Le Roux et al. 2005 鲍鱼肠弧菌 Vibrio halioticoli Sawabe et al. 1998 杭州弧菌 Vibrio hangzhouensis Xu et al. 2009 Vibrio hannami Lee et al. 2019 哈氏弧菌 Vibrio harveyi (Johnson and Shunk 1936) Baumann et al. 1981 Vibrio hemicentroti Kim et al. 2013 Vibrio hepatarius Thompson et al. 2003 Vibrio hippocampi Balcázar et al. 2010 Vibrio hispanicus Gomez-Gil et al. 2004 霍利斯弧菌 Vibrio hollisae Hickman et al. 1982 Vibrio hyugaensis Urbanczyk et al. 2015 Vibrio ichthyoenteri Ishimaru et al. 1996 鱼肠弧菌 Vibrio iliopiscarius Onarheim et al. 1995 Vibrio inhibens Balcázar et al. 2015 Vibrio intestinalis Yu et al. 2023 Vibrio inusitatus Sawabe et al. 2007 Vibrio ishigakensis Gao et al. 2018 日本弧菌 Vibrio japonicus Doi et al. 2017 Vibrio jasicida Yoshizawa et al. 2012 Vibrio kanaloae Thompson et al. 2003 Vibrio lentus Macián et al. 2001 Vibrio litoralis Nam et al. 2007 火神弧菌 Vibrio logei (Harwood et al. 1980) Baumann et al. 1981 Vibrio madracius Moreira et al. 2015 Vibrio mangrovi Rameshkumar et al. 2011 Vibrio marinus (ex Russell 1892) Baumann et al. 1984 Vibrio marisflavi Wang et al. 2011 Vibrio maritimus Chimetto et al. 2011 Vibrio mediterranei Pujalte and Garay 1986 Vibrio methylphosphonaticus Wang et al. 2023 Vibrio metoecus Kirchberger et al. 2014 麦奇尼科夫氏弧菌 Vibrio metschnikovii Gamaleia 1888 墨西哥弧菌 Vibrio mexicanus González-Castillo et al. 2015 最小弧菌 Vibrio mimicus Davis et al. 1982 Vibrio mytili Pujalte et al. 1993 需钠弧菌 Vibrio natriegens (Payne et al. 1961) Baumann et al. 1981，(漂浮弧菌) Vibrio navarrensis Urdaci et al. 1991 Vibrio neonatus Sawabe et al. 2005 Vibrio neptunius Thompson et al. 2003 Vibrio nereis (Harwood et al. 1980) Baumann et al. 1981 黑美人弧菌 Vibrio nigripulchritudo (Baumann et al. 1971) Baumann et al. 1981 海洋沉积物弧菌 Vibrio oceanisediminis Kang et al. 2015 Vibrio olivae Lucena-Padrós et al. 2015 奥氏弧菌 Vibrio ordalii Schiewe et al. 1982，(病海鱼弧菌) 东方孤菌 Vibrio orientalis Yang et al. 1983 Vibrio ostreae Muhammad et al. 2022 Vibrio ostreicida Prado et al. 2014 海大弧菌 Vibrio ouci Li et al. 2020 Vibrio owensii Cano-Gómez et al. 2010 潘氏弧菌 Vibrio pacinii Gomez-Gil et al. 2003 Vibrio palustris Lucena et al. 2017 Vibrio panuliri Kumari et al. 2015 副溶血弧菌 Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Fujino et al. 1951) Sakazaki et al. 1963 Vibrio paucivorans Guo et al. 2023 Vibrio pectenicida Lambert et al. 1998 Vibrio pelagius (Baumann et al. 1971) Baumann et al. 1981 Vibrio penaeicida Ishimaru et al. 1995 Vibrio plantisponsor Rameshkumar et al. 2012 Vibrio pomeroyi Thompson et al. 2003 Vibrio ponticus Macián et al. 2005 Vibrio porteresiae Rameshkumar et al. 2008 解蛋白弧菌 Vibrio proteolyticus (Merkel et al. 1964) Baumann et al. 1982，解蛋白气单胞菌 青岛弧菌 Vibrio qingdaonensis Guo et al. 2023 Vibrio quintilis Lucena et al. 2013 Vibrio rarus Sawabe et al. 2007 Vibrio renipiscarius Tarazona et al. 2015 Vibrio rhizosphaerae Ramesh Kumar and Nair 2007 Vibrio rotiferianus Gomez-Gil et al. 2003 Vibrio ruber Shieh et al. 2003 留萌弧菌 Vibrio rumoiensis Yumoto et al. 1999 Vibrio sagamiensis Yoshizawa et al. 2011 Vibrio salilacus Zhong et al. 2015 Vibrio salmonicida Egidius et al. 1986 Vibrio scophthalmi Cerdà-Cuéllar et al. 1997 Vibrio shiloi Kushmaro et al. 2001 Vibrio shilonii corrig. Kushmaro et al. 2001 锡那罗州弧菌 Vibrio sinaloensis Gomez-Gil et al. 2008 中华弧菌 Vibrio sinensis Li et al. 2020 Vibrio sinus Wang et al. 2023 索诺拉州弧菌 Vibrio sonorensis González-Castillo et al. 2017 Vibrio spartinae Lucena et al. 2017 Vibrio splendidus (Beijerinck 1900) Baumann et al. 1981 Vibrio stylophorae Sheu et al. 2011 Vibrio succinogenes Wolin et al. 1961 Vibrio superstes Hayashi et al. 2003 Vibrio syngnathi Chibani et al. 2023 Vibrio tapetis Borrego et al. 1996 Vibrio tarriae Islam et al. 2022，以Cheryl Tarr博士的名字命名，以表彰她对弧菌多样性研究和非典型弧菌的探索所做的贡献 塔斯马尼亚弧菌 Vibrio tasmaniensis Thompson et al. 2003 Vibrio thalassae Tarazona et al. 2014 Vibrio toranzoniae Lasa et al. 2013 日本竹筴鱼弧菌 Vibrio trachuri Iwamoto et al. 1996 Vibrio tritonius Sawabe et al. 2015 Vibrio tubiashii Hada et al. 1984 Vibrio ulleungensis Moon and Park 2021 Vibrio variabilis Chimetto et al. 2011 Vibrio viridaestus Li et al. 2020 Vibrio viscosus Lunder et al. 2000 创伤弧菌 Vibrio vulnificus (Reichelt et al. 1979) Farmer 1980，海洋弧菌 Vibrio wodanis Lunder et al. 2000 厦门弧菌 Vibrio xiamenensis Gao et al. 2012 Vibrio xuii Thompson et al. 2003 诸葛氏弧菌 Vibrio zhugei Guo et al. 2019 Vibrio ziniensis Wu et al. 2021 Vibrio Pacini, 1954. GBIF. [2022-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-24）.  Zhang P, Wang X, Liu R, Zhu X, Zhao W, Zhang XH. Vibrio amylolyticus sp. nov. and Vibrio gelatinilyticus sp. nov., two marine bacteria isolated from surface seawater of Qingdao. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5674. Bleicher A , Neuhaus K , Scherer S .Vibrio casei sp. nov. isolated from the surfaces of two French red smear soft cheeses[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2010(8):60. Wu N, Liu L, Liu K, Shao J, Nie Z, He J, Shen Q. Vibrio chanodichtyis sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of swordfish Chanodichthys dabryi. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:6117. Grant TA, Jayakumar JM, Lopez-Perez M, Almagro-Moreno S. Vibrio floridensis sp. nov., a novel species closely related to the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus isolated from a cyanobacterial bloom. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5675. Yu L, Wei S, Zhou Z, Shao Z. Vibrio intestinalis sp. nov., isolated from intestine of seahorse. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5932. Wang W, Liu M, Cao B, Liu Y, Huang K, Ding Y, Xu Z, Sun F, Zhang Y, Niu W, et al. Vibrio methylphosphonaticus sp. nov., a methylphosphonate-decomposing bacterium isolated from surface seawater in the Xisha Islands, PR China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:6183. Muhammad N, Nguyen TTH, Lee YJ, Ko J, Avila F, Kim SG. Vibrio ostreae sp. nov., a novel gut bacterium isolated from a Yellow Sea oyster. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5586. Guo R, Yuan Y, Liu R, Hong W, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Wang X, Zhang XH. Vibrio paucivorans sp. nov. and Vibrio qingdaonensis sp. nov., two marine bacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5822. Wang W, Zhao W, Cao B, Liu R, Cheng H, Tian P, Xiao J, Xu Z, Wang X, Niu W. Vibrio sinus sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from coastal seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5676. Chibani CM, Hertel R, Neumann-Schaal M, Goehlich H, Wagner K, Bunk B, Sproer C, Overmann J, Hoppert M, Marten SM, et al. Vibrio syngnathi sp. nov., a fish pathogen, isolated from the Kiel Fjord. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5951. Islam MT, Liang K, Orata FD, Im MS, Alam M, Lee CC, Boucher YF. Vibrio tarriae sp. nov., a novel member of the Cholerae clade. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5571. 微生物免疫學-Vibrionaceae(弧菌科) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）