王子溪層

王子溪層（英文：Prince Creek Formation）為位於美國阿拉斯加的地層組，地層年代為晚白堊世的坎帕期至馬斯垂克期，以及古新世，主要發現的化石物種多屬於恐龍總目。 王子溪層的地層年代為8,000萬至6,170萬年前，不過幾乎所有恐龍的化石均集中發現於王子溪層中的可卡科－提古斯科採石場（Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry），該地區的地層年代約為7,060萬至6,910萬年前的早馬斯垂克期。較古老的科戈蘇克魯克岩舌（Kogosukruk Tongue），則屬於坎帕期晚期，約7,200萬至7,100萬年前。海洋點（Ocean Point）則屬於較年輕的地層，年代可追朔至古新世，由該地介形綱及軟體動物化石推測時間約為達寧期晚期。柯爾維爾河濱（Coleville River Bluff）所處年代與可卡科－提古斯科採石場進近似，約為坎帕期晚期至馬斯垂克期中晚期，主要發現的化石多屬於花粉化石。 王子溪層所處的地層年代當時受到溫室效應的影響，具有明顯的暖化。該地區主要由沖積沉積物組成，屬於泥質的海岸平原，由當地出產的石膏及黃鐵礦可得知當時這裡具有十分豐沛的水源。這邊也出產了大量的溝鞭藻囊孢（英语：dinocyst）、藻類、菌絲、蕨類與苔蘚的孢子、以及樹木、灌木、草本植物的花粉等，推測當時的王子溪層是被大量的植披所覆蓋，屬於地表未被冰層覆蓋的寒帶林地，棲息著大量的恐龍以及被子植物。當時的全年平均溫度為5至6 °C（41至43 °F），較寒冷的月份為2至4 °C（36至39 °F），較溫暖的月份則為10至12 °C（50至54 °F），年平均降水為500至1,500毫米（20至59英寸）。王子溪層的古緯度約為北緯80°–85°，位於北極圈內，一年於冬天時會有約120天的極夜。 Flaig, P.P.; McCarthy, P.J.; Fiorillo, A.R. 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