灶馬

驼螽科（學名：Rhaphidophoridae），又称穴螽科，俗称灶馬、灶馬蟋蟀，是一種屬於直翅目劍尾亞目的昆蟲，有說法表示成語「蛛絲馬跡」之中的馬即指灶馬。 體長約18.5至21.5公厘，雌性若算入腹部後端的產卵管則為12.0至23.0公厘；與其他灶馬科昆蟲一樣，即使是成蟲也沒有翅膀。最大的特徵就是擁有極長的觸角，甚至可達到體長的3倍以上；由於牠屬於不完全變態昆蟲，因此幼蟲外表除了在第1至3節身體下有著大量剛毛外與成蟲相同。 驼螽科包括以下属： Adiestramima Gorochov, 1998 Aemodogryllus Adelung, 1902 Allotachycines Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003 Alpinanoplophilus Ishikawa, 1993 Ammobaenetes Hubbell, 1936 Anargyrtes Hubbell, 1972 Anoplophilus Karny, 1931 Anoplophilus acuticercus Karny, 1931 Anoplophilus amagisanus Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus befui Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus esakii Furukawa, 1938 Anoplophilus hakusanus Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus hasegawai Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus hyonosenensis Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus koreanus Storozhenko & Paik, 2010 Anoplophilus major Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus minor Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus ohbayashii Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus okadai Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus otariensis Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus shikokuensis Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus takaishii Ishikawa, 2015 Anoplophilus tominagai Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus tosaensis Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus tsurugisanus Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus utsugidakensis Ishikawa, 2002 Anoplophilus wakuiae Ishikawa, 2002 Arboramima Zong, Qin & He, 2021 Argyrtes Saussure & Pictet, 1897 Atachycines Furukawa, 1933 Australotettix Richards, 1964 Cavernotettix Richards, 1966 Certhothilus Ceuthophilus Scudder, 1862 Daihinia Haldeman, 1850 Daihinibaenetes Tinkham, 1962 Daihiniella Hubbell, 1936 Daihiniodes Hebard, 1929 Dendroplectron Richards, 1964 Diarhaphidophora Gorochov, 2012 Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990 Diestrammena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Dolichopoda Bolívar, 1880 Euhadenoecus Hubbell, 1978 Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 Eutachycines Storozhenko, 1990 Exochodrilus Hubbell, 1972 Farallonophilus Rentz, 1972 Gammarotettix Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Gigantettix Gorochov, 1998 Gymnaeta Adelung, 1902 Gymnaetoides Qin, Liu & Li, 2017 Hadenoecus Scudder, 1862 Hemitachycines Storozhenko, 1990 Hemiudeopsylla Saussure & Pictet, 1897 Heteromallus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Homotachycines Zhu & Shi, 2022 Hypsobadistes Hubbell, 1977 Insulanoplectron Richards, 1970 Ischyroplectron Hutton, 1896 Isoplectron Hutton, 1896 Leodiestramima Storozhenko, 2009 Leptargyrtes Hubbell, 1972 Machamata Macrobaenetes Tinkham, 1962 Macropathus Walker, 1869 Maotoweta Johns & Cook, 2014 Megadiestramima Storozhenko & Gorochov, 1992 巨疾灶螽属 Megatachycines Zhu, Shi & Zhou, 2022 Micropathus Richards, 1964 Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992 Mimadiestra Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014 Mimadiestra biloba Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014 Mimadiestra dicha Zhu, Wu & Shi, 2018 Mimadiestra gracila Zhu, Wu & Shi, 2018 Mimadiestra sirindhornae Dawwrueng, Storozhenko & Artchawakom, 2016 Minirhaphidophora Gorochov, 2002 Miotopus Hutton, 1898 Neonetus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Neorhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 Neotachycines Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003 Notoplectron Richards, 1964 Novoplectron Richards, 1958 Novotettix Richards, 1966 Orphanotettix Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003 Pachyrhamma Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Pallidoplectron Richards, 1958 Pallidotettix Richards, 1968 Paradiestrammena Chopard, 1919 Paraneonetus Salmon, 1948 Pararhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 副疾灶螽属 Paratachycines Storozhenko, 1990 Parudenus Enderlein, 1910 Parvotettix Richards, 1968 Petrotettix Richards, 1972 Pharmacus Pictet & Saussure, 1893 Phoberopus Saussure & Pictet, 1897 Phrixocnemis Scudder, 1894 Pleioplectron Hutton, 1896 Pristoceuthophilus Rehn, 1903 Prorhaphidophora Chopard, 1936 Protroglophilus Gorochov, 1989 Pseudotachycines Qin, Liu & Li, 2017 Rhachocnemis Caudell, 1916 Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838 Rhaphidophora abramovi Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora acutelaminata Chopard, 1916 Rhaphidophora amboinensis Karny, 1930 Rhaphidophora angulata Ingrisch, 2002 Rhaphidophora angustifrons Chopard, 1940 Rhaphidophora arsentiji Gorochov, 2002 Rhaphidophora baeri Bolívar, 1890 Rhaphidophora banarensis Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora baronciniturricchiae Di Russo & Rampini, 2017 Rhaphidophora beccarii Griffini, 1908 Rhaphidophora beta Karny, 1930 Rhaphidophora bicornuta Karny, 1937 Rhaphidophora bidoup Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora biprocera Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017 Rhaphidophora bokor Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora brevicauda Karny, 1924 Rhaphidophora brevipes Karny, 1924 Rhaphidophora caligulata Zacher, 1909 Rhaphidophora cambodia Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora cavernicola Chopard, 1916 Rhaphidophora chopardi Karny, 1924 Rhaphidophora collina Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora complanatis Lu & Bian, 2022 Rhaphidophora crassicornis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Rhaphidophora curta Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora curup Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora dammermani Karny, 1924 Rhaphidophora dehaani Karny, 1920 Rhaphidophora deusta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Rhaphidophora digitata Lu & Bian, 2022 Rhaphidophora doloduo Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora duxiu Lu & Bian, 2022 Rhaphidophora exigua Gorochov, 2002 Rhaphidophora fedorenkoi Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora furcifera Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora fusca Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora glenoides Qin, Wang & He, 2024 Rhaphidophora gracilis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Rhaphidophora heterodentis Shen, Wang & He, 2024 Rhaphidophora hexagoniproctalis Wang, Di & He, 2024 Rhaphidophora iliai Gorochov, 2002 Rhaphidophora imbricofurca Shen, Wang & He, 2024 Rhaphidophora impressa Wang, Qin & He, 2024 Rhaphidophora incilis Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017 Rhaphidophora indica Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora insularis Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora invalida Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora ivani Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora jambi Gorochov, 2002 Rhaphidophora khmerica Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora kinabaluensis Karny, 1926 Rhaphidophora lampung Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora lao Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora lobulata Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora longa Gorochov, 2002 Rhaphidophora longicauda Ander, 1932 Rhaphidophora longitabula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017 Rhaphidophora lorelindu Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora loricata (Burmeister, 1838) Rhaphidophora magna Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora malayensis Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora mariae Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora marmorata Karny, 1924 Rhaphidophora mindoro Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora minicauda Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora minuolamella Liu & Zhang, 2002 Rhaphidophora mohanensis Lu & Bian, 2022 Rhaphidophora mulmeinensis Chopard, 1916 Rhaphidophora mutica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Rhaphidophora negaraensis Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora neglecta Karny, 1930 Rhaphidophora obesa Karny, 1924 Rhaphidophora obtuselaminata Karny, 1924 Rhaphidophora oophaga Chopard, 1959 Rhaphidophora pahangensis Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora pangrango Gorochov, 2002 Rhaphidophora parvicauda Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora phusoy Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora ponapensis Vickery & Kevan, 1999 Rhaphidophora pubescens Ander, 1932 Rhaphidophora quadridentata Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018 Rhaphidophora quadrispina Liu & Bian, 2021 Rhaphidophora quadrula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017 Rhaphidophora raoan Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora rasilis Gorochov, 2002 Rhaphidophora rechingeri Holdhaus, 1909 Rhaphidophora recta Gorochov, 2002 Rhaphidophora rhombica Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora rhombifera Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora rongshuiensis Lu & Bian, 2022 Rhaphidophora rufobrunnea Chopard, 1921 Rhaphidophora sarasini Karny, 1931 Rhaphidophora setiformis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018 Rhaphidophora shii Lu & Bian, 2022 Rhaphidophora sichuanensis Liu & Zhang, 2002 Rhaphidophora simillima Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora simulata Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora sinica Bey-Bienko, 1962 Rhaphidophora songbaensis Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora spinifera Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora spinita Lu & Bian, 2022 Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He, 2024 Rhaphidophora stridulans Ingrisch, 2006 Rhaphidophora taiwana Shiraki, 1930 Rhaphidophora tamanensis Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora testacea Ander, 1932 Rhaphidophora thaiensis Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora trat Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora vangheua Gorochov, 2012 Rhaphidophora vasiliji Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora vietensis Gorochov, 1999 Rhaphidophora wasile Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora wuasa Gorochov, 2013 Rhaphidophora wuzhishanensis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018 Rhaphidophora xishuang Gorochov, 2012 Salishella Hebard, 1939 Setascutum Richards, 1972 Sinorhaphidophora Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018 Spelaeiacris Péringuey, 1916 Speleotettix Chopard, 1944 Stonychophora Karny, 1934 Styracosceles Hubbell, 1936 疾灶螽属 Tachycines Adelung, 1902 Talitropsis Bolívar, 1882 Tamdaotettix Gorochov, 1998 Tasmanoplectron Richards, 1971 Troglophilus Krauss, 1879 Tropidischia Scudder, 1862 Typhloceuthophilus Hubbell, 1940 Udenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1900 Udeopsylla Scudder, 1862 Utabaenetes Tinkham, 1970 灶的讀音：ㄗㄠˋ 【奇趣史話】「蛛絲馬跡」的馬係咩？ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）《蘋果日報》2013年4月16日 Do-Yoon Kim, Sangil Kim, Hojun Song and Seunggwan Shin. 2024. Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Wingless orthopteran Family Rhaphidophoridae. Communications Biology. 7: 401 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06068-x Pattarawich Dawwrueng, Sergey Yu. Storozhenko and Taksin Artchawakom. 2016. Mimadiestra sirindhornae sp. nov. from Thailand (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae). The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal. 10(2); 61-66. Mi Di, Yan-Yan Qin, Zi-Hao Shen, Tao Zhang, Han-Qiang Wang, Kai Li and Zhu-Qing He. 2024. Six New Species of Rhaphidophora from China (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 925(1); 76–99. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.925.2453