组胺H1受体

H1受体是一种属于视紫红质样G蛋白偶联受体家族的受体，可被组胺激活。它在平滑肌、血管内皮细胞、心脏、中枢神经系统中表达。H1受体与细胞内Gα蛋白的Gαq亚基（英语：Gq_alpha_subunit）连接，激活磷脂酶C和肌醇三磷酸（IP3）信号通路。作用于该受体的抗组胺药被用作抗过敏药物。该受体的晶体结构已确定并用于在基于结构的虚拟筛选研究中发现新的组胺H1受体配体 NF-κB（调节炎症过程的转录因子）的表达受到H1受体的固有活性（英语：Receptor_(biochemistry)#Constitutive_activity）以及与受体结合的激动剂的促进。抗组胺药已被证明可以减弱NF-κB的表达并减轻相关细胞中的某些炎症过程。 组胺还可能在阴茎勃起中起作用。 组胺H1受体被内源性组胺激活，内源性组胺是由下丘脑结节乳状体中的神经元释放的。结节乳状体的组胺能神经元在“唤醒”周期中变得活跃，以大约2赫兹的频率放电；而在慢波睡眠期间，该放电频率降至大约0.5赫兹。 结节乳状体是一种组胺能核，对调节睡眠-觉醒周期起重要作用。 透过血脑屏障的H1拮抗剂可以抑制结节乳状体投射的神经元上的H1受体的活性，这种作用可能是这些药物造成嗜睡作用的原因。[來源請求] 抗组胺药：组胺受体的拮抗剂 H1受体拮抗剂 组胺H2受体 组胺H3受体 组胺H4受体 對H1組織胺受體起作用的藥物；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.  GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196639 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000053004 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.  Mouse PubMed Reference:. 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The H1-receptor is a transmembrane protein belonging to the G-protein coupled receptor family. Signal transduction from the extracellular to the intracellular environment occurs as the GPCR becomes activated after binding of a specific ligand or agonist. A subunit of the G-protein subsequently dissociates and affects intracellular messaging including downstream signaling accomplished through various intermediaries such as cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, calcium, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a ubiquitous transcription factor thought to play an important role in immune-cell chemotaxis, proinflammatory cytokine production, expression of cell adhesion molecules, and other allergic and inflammatory conditions.1,8,12,30–32 ... For example, the H1-receptor promotes NF-κB in both a constitutive and agonist-dependent manner and all clinically available H1-antihistamines inhibit constitutive H1-receptor-mediated NF-κB production ... 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