海麒麟總科

海麒麟總科（學名：Doridoidea），或作海蛞蝓總科、海牛總科或隱鰓海牛超科，是海牛亞目海牛下目之下四個總科級分类级别之一，在生物分类学屬於裸鰓目（舊作隱鰓目）的海洋腹足綱軟體動物。 海牛總科的學名源於海牛屬；而海牛屬的學名Doris又源於希臘神話的海怪寧芙多里斯。 根據1997年《旁得和林德伯格的腹足類分類》所列出的分類，海牛總科亦作仿海牛總科，是後生腹足下綱後鰓目裸鳃亚目類花鰓類次目（Anthobranchia Férussac, 1819）的成員，包括下列四個科。 总科 仿海牛总科 Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815 总科 Doridoxoidea Bergh, 1900 总科 Onchidoridoidea Alder & Hancock, 1845 总科 Polyceroidea Alder & Hancock, 1845 在2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，現在的海牛下目在當時只是有角鰓類海牛亞目之下的一個亞支序，包括下列四個總科與科。 海麒麟科（英语：Dorididae） Dorididae Family Actinocyclidae 多彩海麒麟科 Chromodorididae 圓盤海麒麟科（英语：Discodorididae） Discodorididae Cadlinidae科 Bergh, 1891在2005年的分類被視為多彩海麒麟科的異名；但在R.F. Johnson (2011)的研究顯示Cadlina並不屬於多彩海麒麟科，所以這個屬不應再歸屬於多彩海麒麟科，而是應該獨立成為一個科。而多彩海麒麟科在踢走了Cadlina之後成為了單系群，很可能是Actinocyclidae的姊妹分類單元。2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》亦加入了這個修訂。 截至2018年7月9日 (2018-07-09)[update]，WoRMS紀錄本總科包括下列五個科： Family Actinocyclidae O'Donoghue, 1929 Family Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891 多彩海麒麟科 Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 圓盤海麒麟科（英语：Discodorididae） Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 海麒麟科（英语：Dorididae） Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815 科地位未定 Subfamily Miamirinae Bergh, 1891 Cadlina luteomarginata of Cadlinidae Goniobranchus geminus of Chromodorididae Diaulula nobilis of Discodorididae Doris montereyensis of Dorididae 異名 以下各科被認為是其他科的異名。這些名字有時亦會在部分文獻裡出現： Family Aldisidae Odhner, 1939 accepted as Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891 Family Archidorididae Bergh, 1891 accepted as Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815 Subfamily Cadlinellinae Odhner, 1934 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 Family Ceratosomatidae Gray, 1857 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 (Under Art. 23.9, declared nomen oblitum by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) Subfamily Conualeviinae Collier & Farmer, 1964 accepted as Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815 Family Diaululidae Bergh, 1891 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 Subfamily Doriprismaticinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 (Under Art. 23.9, declared nomen oblitum by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) Family Echinochilidae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891 Family Geitodorididae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 Family Glossodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 Family Gruveliidae Thiele, 1931 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 Family Halgerdidae Odhner, 1926 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 Subfamily Inudinae Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1967 accepted as Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891 斑刺海麒麟科 Kentrodorididae Bergh, 1891現時被視為圓盤海麒麟科（Discodorididae Bergh, 1891）的異名； Subfamily Lissodoridinae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 Subfamily Neodoridinae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815 Family Platydorididae Bergh, 1891 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 Family Rostangidae Pruvot-Fol, 1951 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 Subfamily Thorunninae Odhner, 1926 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 以下分類單元曾被認為是異名，現在重新使用： 星被海牛科 Asteronotidae Thiele, 1931 Baptodorididae Odhner, 1926 隱鰓目被認為是海牛總科的異名： Cryptobranch dorid nudibranchs (previously known as the taxon Cryptobranchia), are nudibranch sea slugs within the clade Doridacea. These slugs are called "cryptobranch," meaning "hidden gill", because they are able to retract their gills into a gill pocket, in contrast to nudibranchs in the traditional group phanerobranchs (or Phanerobranchia), which taxon is probably paraphyletic (in other words, composed of more than one evolutionary lineage). A. Valdés distinguishes two major clades within the Cryptobranchia: the dorids that have no radula (the Porostomata); and those with a radula (the Labiostomata). The Labiostomata include the monophyletic families: Actinocyclidae, Chromodorididae, Dorididae and Discodorididae. The cryptobranchs include the following genera that are regarded as valid : Doris Linnaeus, 1758 Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831 Atagema J. E. Gray, 1850 團鰓海牛屬 Jorunna Bergh, 1876 Discodoris Bergh, 1877 Platydoris Bergh, 1877 Thordisa Bergh, 1877 Diaulula Bergh, 1878 Aldisa Bergh, 1878 Rostanga Bergh, 1879* Aphelodoris Bergh, 1879 Halgerda Bergh, 1880 Peltodoris Bergh, 1880 Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880 Paradoris Bergh, 1884 Baptodoris Bergh, 1884 Geitodoris Bergh, 1891 Gargamella Bergh, 1894 Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904 Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904 Otinodoris White, 1948 Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955 Sebadoris Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1960 Conualevia Collier & Farmer, 1964 Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977 Goslineria Valdés, 2001 Pharodoris Valdés, 2001 Nophodoris Valdés & Gosliner, 2001. Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.  深海傑克魚. 裸鰓目-海牛亞目-隱鰓海牛超科-多彩科-Hypselodoris sp.. 2009-06-20 [2018-07-11] （中文（繁體））.  Ponder, Winston; Lindberg, David R. Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs; an analysis using morphological characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1997, 119 (2): 83–265. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00137.x （英语）.  譚天錫; 白振宇; 夏國經. 台灣沿海產裸鰓目軟體動物相的分布調查. 貝類學報 (中華民國貝類學會). 1987, 13: 71–90 （中文（繁體））.  Johnson, R.F. Breaking family ties: taxon sampling and molecular phylogeny of chromodorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologica Scripta. 2011, 40 (2): 137–157. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00457.x （英语）.  Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.  Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815. MolluscaBase. 2010-10-16 [2018-07-09] –通过WoRMS.  VALDÉS, ÁNGEL. Preliminary Molecular Phylogeny of the Radula-less Dorids (GASTROPODA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA), Based on 16S mtDNA Sequence Data. J. Molluscan Stud. 2003, 69 (1): 75–80 [2018-07-09]. doi:10.1093/mollus/69.1.75. （原始内容存档于2005-12-14）.  Valdés, Angel. A phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Anthobranchia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London: The Linnean Society of London). 2002, 136 (4): 535–536. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00039.x. （原始内容存档于2012-10-19）.  Valdés, A. A phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Anthobranchia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Blackwell Publishing). 2002, 136 (4): 535–536 [2010-03-08]. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00039.x. （原始内容存档于2018-07-09）.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：海麒麟總科 維基物種上的相關信息：海麒麟總科