Plantin

Plantin是一款旧式衬线字体，以十六世纪出版商克里斯托夫·普朗坦命名。这款字是英国蒙納公司为其自动铸排机系统设计制作，原型可追溯到十六岁世纪刻字师罗贝尔·格朗容刻制、并保存于安特卫普普朗坦-莫雷图斯博物馆的Gros Cicero活字。 蒙纳公司当时制作这款字的目的在于他们需要一款更粗的字形以适用于光面纸张的印刷 在设计构思时，蒙纳公司的工程部经理弗兰克·辛曼·皮尔蓬特特地到安特卫普的普朗坦-莫雷图斯博物馆拿到了一些字体样张。这款字也是蒙纳公司第一批不是单纯复制英国流行的印刷字体而进行传统复刻的字体之一，自发布之后广受欢迎，让蒙纳公司之后的二三十年加速了对其他经典字体的复刻。Plantin也是三十年代制作Times New Roman字体时的参照字体之一。 Plantin字体家族包括常规体、细体、粗体以及配套的意大利体。 建于1876年的普朗坦-莫雷图斯博物馆保留了普朗坦、莫雷图斯等人的大量收藏，其中包括十六世纪最著名的字体，吸引了弗兰克·辛曼·皮尔蓬特前往拜访。 弗兰克·辛曼·皮尔蓬特所参照的Gros Cicero的字，是十七世纪初普朗坦-莫雷图斯印刷所使用字体之一，由罗贝尔·格朗容设计。) Plantin的金属铸造活字由蒙纳公司萨利工厂制作，由弗兰克·辛曼·皮尔蓬特和Fritz Stelzer主持。选择这样一款法国文艺复兴时期的活字在当时并不常见，因为当时英国印刷商喜欢用Caslon或者尼古拉·詹森十五世纪设计的复刻字体。尽管如此，在其后的几十年里，多家铸排机厂商都复刻了多款Aldine或法国文艺复兴时期的字体，其中包括蒙纳自家的Poliphilus、Bembo 和Garamond，还有莱诺的 Granjon 、Estienne 等等，都是很受欢迎的正文字体。 以精美印刷闻名的Claude Lamesle在其1742年样张中展示了格朗容字体原有的风貌。 Mosley has close-up images of some characters of the face.而Plantin保留了格朗容设计中高大的x字高的特点，但把降部改短，并放大了小写字母a、e的字怀。并非所有字体都源自格朗容，因为十六世纪的法国并不使用字母J、U和W；另外在印刷字体样张时，小写字母a被替换成了一个十八世纪风格的设计。 这款字以其粗狂、扎实的设计在二十世纪早期大为流行，广泛用于商业以及报纸印刷。}} As the basic font is relatively dark on the page, Monotype offered a 'light' version as well as a bold, which Hugh Williamson describes as "particularly suitable for bookwork." 两次世界大战之间，这款字被用于Francis Meynell的Pelican出版社、Cloister出版社，以及剑桥大学出版社。 还有为Nonesuch Press出版社制作的定制版，拉高了小写字母的升部和降部。 蒙纳公司还在七十年代为《观察家报》制作了窄体版的 News Plantin。 另外还有一款「儿童版」，小写字母a、g采用单层设计，y两边保持竖直。 ABC新闻于1978年到1999年一直采用此字体。 Monocle杂志全线也采用Plantin和 Helvetica. Plantin也是蒙纳公司最著名的Times New Roman字体的设计基础。 Times与Plantin非常类似，但通过增加笔画对比显得更现代、更锋利。 Allan Haley commented that Times New Roman "looks like Plantin on a diet." 最近其他厂商也有很多不同的数码复刻版本，其中包括Chester Jenkins和Kris Sowersby 设计的Galaxie Copernicusis A better-quality digitisation of the whole specimen is available but it does not include this leaf. Slinn, Judy; Carter, Sebastian; Southall, Richard. History of the Monotype Corporation. : 202–3 etc.  Schuster, Brigitte. Monotype Plantin: A Digital Revival by Brigitte Schuster (PDF). Royal Academy of Art, The Hague (M.A. thesis). 2010 [23 May 2014]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-02-18）.  Carter, Sebastian, Twentieth Century Type Designers, W. W. Norton & Company: 28–29, 1995 . Morison, Stanley. A Tally of Types. CUP Archive. 7 June 1973: 22–24. ISBN 978-0-521-09786-4.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Meggs, Philip B.; Carter, Rob, 29. Plantin, Typographic Specimens: The Great Typefaces, John Wiley and Sons: 302–311, 1993, ISBN 978-0-471-28429-1 . Mosley, James. The materials of typefounding. Type Foundry. [14 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-28）.  Mann, Meredith. Where Did Times New Roman Come From?. New York Public Library. [2 February 2016]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-14）.  Hendrik D. L. Vervliet. The Palaeotypography of the French Renaissance: Selected Papers on Sixteenth-century Typefaces. BRILL. 2008: 226–7. ISBN 978-90-04-16982-1.  Lamesle, Claude. Épreuves générales des caracteres. 1742: 55.  Mosley, James. Comments on Typophile thread. Typophile (archived). [16 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于2011-10-13）. The consensus appears to be that not only the wrong-fount a in the cases at Antwerp but also the italic that Monotype adapted for their Plantin (which can be seen on that first page of the 1905 specimen) may be the work of Johann Michael Schmidt (died 1750), also known as J. M. Smit or Smid.  Lamesle, Claude. Épreuves générales des caracteres. 1742.  Mosley, James. Reviving the Classics: Matthew Carter and the Interpretation of Historical Models. Mosley, James; Re, Margaret; Drucker, Johanna; Carter, Matthew (编). Typographically Speaking: The Art of Matthew Carter. Princeton Architectural Press. 2003: 31–34 [2021-02-14]. ISBN 9781568984278. （原始内容存档于2020-11-05）. Plantin was a recreation of one of the old types held at the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp, of which a specimen, printed in 1905, had been acquired by Pierpont on a visit. The type from which the specimen was printed was not only centuries old and worn almost beyond use, but it was contaminated with wrong-font letters (notably the letter ‘a’) and the italic did not even belong to the roman. The revival, derived by Monotype from an indirect and confused original, is as sound a piece of type-making as was ever created in the 20th century…behind the foggy image of the roman type lies the...'Gros Cicero' Roman of Robert Granjon, acquired by the Plantin printing office after the death of its founder.  Monotype (advert). Modern Publicity. 1930: 187 [15 March 2017]. [失效連結] Warde, Beatrice. Twenty Years of Advertising Typography. Advertiser's Weekly. 1932: 130 [15 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）.  Hackney, Fiona Anne Seaton. "They Opened Up a Whole New World": Feminine Modernity and the Feminine Imagination in Women's Magazines, 1919-1939 (PDF). Goldsmith's College (PhD thesis). [15 March 2017]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-03-16）.  Lucy Lethbridge. Servants: A Downstairs View of Twentieth-century Britain. A&C Black. 14 March 2013: 187–8 [2021-02-14]. ISBN 978-1-4088-3407-7. （原始内容存档于2017-03-16）.  Williamson, Hugh. Methods of Book Design. Oxford University Press. 1966: 81.  Steeves, Andrew. Poetry Books for the Trala. Gaspereau Press. 14 April 2011 [12 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-10）.  Luna, Paul. Small Print. Designer. 1986. The first national to install a Lasercomp, it overcame the lack of suitable text faces by commissioning its own, a slightly condensed version of Plantin.  Coles, Stephen. In Use: Plantin for Monocle. The FontFeed. FSI FontShop International. February 13, 2009 [2009-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-27）.  Rhatigan, Dan. Time and Times again. Monotype. [28 July 2015]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-19）.  Hutt, Allen. Times Roman: a re-assessment. Journal of Typographic Research. 1970, 4 (3): 259–270 [5 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-05）.  Lawson, Alexander. Anatomy of a Typeface. New York: David R. Godine. 1990: 270–294 [6 March 2016]. ISBN 9780879233334.  Morison, Stanley. Changing the Times. Eye. [28 July 2015]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-14）.  Allan Haley. Typographic Milestones. John Wiley & Sons. 15 September 1992: 106. ISBN 978-0-471-28894-7.  Haley, Allen. ABC's of type. Watson-Guptill Publications. 1990: 86. ISBN 9780823000531.  Heck, Bethany. Galaxie Copernicus review. Font Review Journal. [13 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.  Thomson, Mark; Sowersby, Kris. Reputations: Kris Sowersby. Eye. [12 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-25）.  Plantin （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）