哥倫比亞內戰

哥倫比亞內戰是在哥伦比亚境内始于1960年代持续至今的一系列低强度不对称战争。冲突在哥伦比亚执政当局，极右翼准军事组织（如哥伦比亚联合自卫军和美洲反共联盟）、贩毒机构（如麦德林集团）还有极左翼游击队（如哥伦比亚革命武装力量－人民军和民族解放军）多方之间展开，以在哥伦比亚境内控制更多地区和获得更大影响力。对哥伦比亚内战的国际赞助者包括跨国集团公司、美国古巴以及贩毒集团。 冷戰後，由於失去蘇聯及其它前社會主義國家的支援，哥伦比亚革命武装力量因要籌集經費，開始插足可卡因及綁架政客等勾當，以致形象急劇轉差，被视为恐怖主義組織。 因此，哥伦比亚共产党解除了哥伦比亚革命武装力量与其之间的隶属关系，哥伦比亚革命武装力量遂成為一個獨立的政治军事組織。2007年，哥伦比亚革命武装力量人數約為3000-4000人。哥革武參與了哥倫比亞25-30%恐怖事件，尤其是在該國東南部的叢林以及安第斯山脈腳下的平原地區。哥伦比亚革命武装力量曾釋放多名「有價值」人質，意圖改善形象。 2012年，在以古巴和挪威作为担保国、以委内瑞拉和智利作为观察国的斡旋框架下，双方开始在古巴首都哈瓦那进行和谈。2016年6月23日，双方签署最终停火协议，8月24日哥伦比亚政府与哥伦比亚革命武装力量在古巴首都哈瓦那达成最终全面和平协议，协议包括停战、农村改革、打击贩毒、被遣散的游击队员可参与政治、建立过渡性司法机构等内容，但和平协议内容的合法性最终将由全民公投决定。但哥伦比亚前总统乌里韦认为，最初的和平协议向反政府武装妥协过多、对受害者不公，呼吁民众投反对票，并要求对协议进行深入修改。與先前民調結果大相逕庭，10月2日举行的公投结果为支持 49.77%，反對 50.22%，协议意外遭到否決。11月24日哥伦比亚总统胡安·曼努埃爾·桑托斯与哥伦比亚革命武装力量领导人罗德里格·隆多尼奥在波哥大的科隆剧院签署了一份经修改的新的和平协议。而这一次，新的协议将会在国会核准，无需再进行全民表决。2017年6月27日，哥伦比亚革命武装力量停止作为武装团体存在。9月1日，该组织正式改组为共同替代革命力量，并于10月31日向官方注册为合法政党。 争取进步联盟 墨西哥毒品戰爭 巴拉圭东北部动乱 秘鲁内部冲突 ^ Why did the Colombia Peace Process Fail? (PDF). 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