牛津泥層

牛津泥層（英語：Oxford Clay 或 Oxford Clay Formation）是一個英國的侏羅紀海洋沉積岩组，大部分位於東南英格蘭，西至多塞特郡，北至約克郡。牛津泥層的年代約為侏羅紀中晚期的卡洛夫階至牛津階 ，該層包含兩種主要的岩相 (地质)，下層為彼得伯勒段（英語：Peterborough Member），其為一富含化石及有機物的泥岩。該岩相及其岩層通常被稱為下牛津泥層，岩相上段則有中牛津泥層的史都華拜段（英語：Stewartby Member）及上牛津泥層的韋茅斯段（英語：Weymouth Member）。上段岩相缺乏化石且充滿鈣化的泥岩。 牛津泥層出現在牛津、彼得伯勒及韋茅斯的地表上，並在這些地區的多處採石場發現。下牛津泥層頂端發現有發生岩性的改變，其由易碎的頁岩轉變為灰色的泥岩。中及上牛津泥層有些微的不同，由一道位於南密德蘭的泥質石灰岩將兩段分隔。 牛津泥層最為著名的是其富含大量的魚類及無脊椎動物化石。許多化石被保存完好，偶爾會發現化石完整度極高的個體。生活在牛津泥海的動物包括蛇頸龍目、中喙鱷科、魚龍目、頭足綱(如箭石目)、雙殼綱及多種的腹足綱。恐龍蛋也在下牛津泥層中被發現，他們位於英格蘭劍橋郡。 不明的歐洲鳥腳下目恐龍被發現在下牛津泥層，位於英格蘭劍橋郡。 *紅色表重新分類 牛津泥層的土質透氣且柔軟，經常被用來鋪路，也是倫敦大部分建築所使用的傅萊頓磚偷的來源。於製磚來看，牛津泥層具有含碳量高的優勢，碳提供的燃燒所需的部分燃料，從而減少了對外部燃料的需求。 Oxford Clay Formation. The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units. British Geological Survey. [21 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-17）.  "10.9 Cambridgeshire, England; 1. Lower Oxford Clay," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540. "Table 18.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 396. Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pages 539-540. "10.7 Dorset, England; 3. Lower Oxford Clay" and "cambridgeshire">"10.9 Cambridgeshire, England; 1. Lower Oxford Clay," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pages 539-540. "10.7 Dorset, England; 3. Lower Oxford Clay," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 539. Listed as "?Lexovisaurus sp." in "10.10 Bedfordshire, England; 1. Oxford Clay," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540. "10.10 Bedfordshire, England; 1. Oxford Clay," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540. "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 367. "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 265. "10.14 Oxfordshire, England; 8. Middle Oxford Clay," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 72. "10.14 Wiltshire, England; 4. Oxford Clay," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 540. Noé LF, Liston JJ, Chapman SD. 2010. ‘Old bones, dry subject’: the dinosaurs and pterosaur collected by Alfred Nicholson Leeds of Peterborough, England. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 343: 49–77. Young, M.T.; Brignon, A.; Sachs, S.; Hornung, J.; Foffa, D.; Kitson, J.J.N.; Johnson, M.M.; Steel, L. Cutting the Gordian knot: a historical and taxonomic revision of the Jurassic crocodylomorph Metriorhynchus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2021, 192 (2): 510–553 [2021-06-28]. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092. （原始内容存档于2020-11-06）.  Mark T. Young; Marco Brandalise de Andrade; Stephen L. Brusatte; Manabu Sakamoto; Jeff Liston. The oldest known metriorhynchid super-predator: a new genus and species from the Middle Jurassic of England, with implications for serration and mandibular evolution in predacious clades. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2013, 11 (4): 475–513. doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.704948.  Andrews, C. W. 1910. "A Descriptive Catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford Clay, Part I". British Museum (Natural History), London, England: 205 pp. Andrews, CW. 1913. A descriptive catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford Clay, Part II. British Museum (Natural History). pp. 205pp. M. J. Benton and P. S. Spencer. 1995. Fossil Reptiles of Great Britain. Chapman & Hall, London 1-386 J. B. Delair. 1973. The dinosaurs of Wiltshire. The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 68:1-7 P. M. Galton. 1980. European Jurassic ornithopod dinosaurs of the families Hypsilophodontidae and Camptosauridae. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 160(1):73-95 D. M. Martill. 1988. A review of the terrestrial vertebrate of fossils of the Oxford Clay (Callovian-Oxfordian) of England. Mercian Geologist 11(3):171-190