塞巴斯蒂安·勒普雷斯特·德·沃邦

塞巴斯蒂安·勒普雷斯特·德·沃邦（法語：Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban，法语发音：[sebastjɛ̃ lə pʁɛstʁ də vobɑ̃]；1633年5月1日—1707年3月30日），法國元帅，著名的軍事工程師。著有《论要塞的攻击与防御（日语：要塞攻囲論）》、《筑城论文集》等。 早年參與投石黨叛亂（1648-1653年），被政府軍俘虜後歸順，十几岁入伍，八次受伤，升至元帅和首席军事工程师，1655年成為國王的常任工程師。1658年任圍攻格拉沃利讷城的總工程師。路易十四統治時期大小戰役他無所不與。他的築城理論體系對歐洲軍事學術的影響長達一個世紀以上。 沃邦先后领导建筑要塞33座，改造300座，指挥过53次要塞围攻战。有系統改進并創新了要塞的建筑，他設計的五边形的稜堡（菱堡）在歐洲火炮逐漸盛行的十七世紀及以后影響至深。而在當時，他綜合的攻擊要塞的方法更加著名。在1673年，他用一系列平行要塞的塹壕和伸向要塞的蛇形交通壕，攻克了荷蘭馬斯特里赫特要塞。直到20世紀，這仍然是堡壘攻擊的標準方法。 槍口上插固定刺刀的辦法为他發明，改變以往每當射擊時必須取下刺刀的做法。 LePage 2009，第43頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLePage2009 (help) Manning 2006，第413–414頁. Afflerbach, Holger; Strachan, Hew (编). How Fighting Ends: A History of Surrender. OUP. 2012. ISBN 978-0199693627.  Allende, Lt-Colonel A. Histoire du Corps impérial du génie: Volume 1. Magimel, Paris. 1805.  Baldwin, James. Engineering, military. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. [7 January 2019].  Château de Bazoches. Chemins de Mémoires. [5 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-28）.  Childs, John. The Nine Years' War and the British Army, 1688-1697: The Operations in the Low Countries. Manchester University Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0719089961.  De Périni, Hardÿ. Batailles françaises, Volume V. Ernest Flammarion, Paris. 1896.  Desvoyes, Léon-Paul. Genealogie de la famille Le Prestre de Vauban. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de Semur. 1872. ; Delon, Michel; Picon, Antoine (编). Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. Routledge. 2001. ISBN 978-1579582463.  Dobroslav, Libal. An Illustrated History of Castles. Hamlyn. 1992. ISBN 978-0600573104.  Dome des Invalides. Musée de l'Armée Invalides. [6 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-25）.  Duffy, Christopher. Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World 1494-1660. Routledge. 1995. ISBN 978-0415146494.  F Marie-Antoinette du PUY-MONTBRUN la Belle Mademoiselle de Villefranche. Geneanet. [14 January 2019].  Fort Louis. The Fortifications of Vauban. [11 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-04）.  Fortress Mont Royal. Traben-Tarbach Tourist Information. [3 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-04）.  Holmes, Richard. Singleton, Charles; Jones, Dr Spencer , 编. Vauban, Marshal Sebastien le Prestre de (1633–1707). 2001. ISBN 978-0198606963. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198606963.001.0001.  Kamen, Henry. Philip V of Spain: The King Who Reigned Twice. Yale University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0300180541.  Klosky, J. Ledlie; Klosky, Wynn E. Men of action: French influence and the founding of American civil and military engineering. Construction History. 2013, 28 (3): 69–87. JSTOR 43856053.  Langins, Jānis. Conserving the enlightenment: French military engineering from Vauban to the revolution. MIT Press. 2004.  Lepage, Jean-Denis. Vauban and the French Military Under Louis XIV: An Illustrated History of Fortifications and Sieges. McFarland & Co. 2009. ISBN 978-0786444014.  Leridon, Henri. The Demography of a Learned Society: the Académie des Sciences (Institut de France), 1666-2030. Population. 2004, 59 (1).  Lynn, John. The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667-1714. Longman. 1999. ISBN 978-0582056299. ; Lynn, John. Giant of the Grand Siècle: The French Army, 1610-1715 2008. Cambridge University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0521032483.  Manning, Roger. An Apprenticeship in Arms: The Origins of the British Army 1585-1702. OUP. 2006. ISBN 978-0199261499.  Moreri, Louis. Le grand dictionnaire historique ou Le melange curieux de l'Histoire sacrée; Volume I. Libraires Associes, Paris. 1749.  Mousnier, Roland. The Institutions of France Under the Absolute Monarchy, 1598-1789. University of Chicago Press. 1979. ISBN 978-0226543277.  Ostwald, Jamel. Vauban Under Siege: Engineering Efficiency and Martial Vigor in the War of the Spanish Succession. Brill. 2006. ISBN 978-9004154896.  Pujo, Bernard. Vauban. Albin Michel. 1991. ISBN 978-2226052506.  Schiller, Preston. An Introduction to Sustainable Transportation: Policy, Planning and. Routledge. 2010. ISBN 978-1844076659.  Tucker, Spencer C. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East 6V: A Global Chronology of Conflict [6 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. 2009. ISBN 978-1851096671.  Van Hoof, Jaep. Menno van Coehoorn 1641–1704, Vestingbouwer – belegeraar – infanterist. Instituut voor Militaire Geschiedenis. 2004.  Vauban 1633-1707. Histoire pour Tous. [5 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-04） （法语）.  Vesilind, P Aame. Engineering Peace and Justice: The Responsibility of Engineers to Society. Springer. 2010. ISBN 978-1447158226.  Wolfe, Michael. Walled Towns and the Shaping of France: From the Medieval to the Early Modern Era. AIAAA. 2009. ISBN 978-0230608122.  Halévy, Daniel. Vauban. Builder of Fortresses. Geoffrey Bles. 1924.  Hebbert, F.J. Soldier of France: Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban, 1633–1707. P. Lang. 1990. ISBN 978-0-8204-0890-3.  Satterfield, George. Princes, Posts and Partisans: The Army of Louis XIV and Partisan Warfare in the Netherlands (1673-1678). Brill. 2003. ISBN 978-9004131767.