酪氨酸羟化酶

酪氨酸羟化酶（英語：Tyrosine hydroxylase）或酪氨酸3-单加氧酶（英語：tyrosine 3-monooxygenase）是负责催化氨基酸L-酪氨酸转变为二羟基苯丙氨酸（多巴）的酶。因此它使用四氢生物蝶呤作为辅酶。多巴是多巴胺的一个前体，相应地，后者亦是去甲肾上腺素与肾上腺素的前体。在人体中，酪氨酸羟化酶由TH基因编码。 此加氧酶被发现于所有含儿茶酚胺的细胞溶质中。此起始步骤是产生儿茶酚胺的限速步骤。 此酶有高度地特异性，不会接受吲哚的衍生物——这一点与许多其他涉及到产生儿茶酚胺的酶不同。 酪氨酸羟化酶可以被药物α-甲基-对-酪氨酸（甲基酪氨酸）所抑制。此抑制作用可以导致脑部多巴胺与去甲肾上腺素的消耗，这是因为缺乏前体L-多巴（L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸），此物质可以由酪氨酸羟化酶所合成。此药很少被使用并会导致抑郁，但它在治疗嗜铬细胞瘤以及抗高血压方面很有用处。 在自體免疫性多内分泌腺病综合征（APS）I型中，酪氨酸羟化酶是一个自身抗原。 在文献中提到的抑制剂的老例子是奥德么酮与水绫霉素。 Kaufman S. Tyrosine hydroxylase. Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 1995, 70: 103–220. PMID 8638482. doi:10.1002/9780470123164.ch3.  Nagatsu T. Tyrosine hydroxylase: human isoforms, structure and regulation in physiology and pathology. Essays Biochem. 1995, 30: 15–35. PMID 8822146.  Hedstrand H, Ekwall O, Haavik J, Landgren E, Betterle C, Perheentupa J, Gustafsson J, Husebye E, Rorsman F, Kämpe O. Identification of tyrosine hydroxylase as an autoantigen in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 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PMID 7814018. doi:10.1007/BF00225091.  Knappskog PM, Flatmark T, Mallet J; et al. Recessively inherited L-DOPA-responsive dystonia caused by a point mutation (Q381K) in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene.. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1996, 4 (7): 1209–12. PMID 8528210. doi:10.1093/hmg/4.7.1209.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency including Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Deficient Dopa-Responsive Dystonia or Segawa Syndrome and Autosomal Recessive Infantile Parkinsonism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：Tyrosine+hydroxylase