东欧文化圈

東歐文化圈（又被稱爲斯拉夫文化圈、東正教文化圈、西里爾文化圈），文化上亦屬於廣義的西方世界，其範圍主要為東歐（前蘇聯和巴爾幹半島）地區。其特徵為：多為斯拉夫民族，民衆多信奉東正教（基督正教），廣泛使用西里爾字母。 西里尔字母源于脱胎自希腊字母的格拉哥里字母，普遍认为是由基督教传教士圣西里尔（827年－869年）和聖梅篤丟斯在9世纪为了在斯拉夫民族传播基督教（当时东西教会还未正式分裂）方便所创立的，被斯拉夫民族广泛采用，因此有时也称为斯拉夫字母。早期的西里尔字母又称作古斯拉夫語字母（現代的斯拉夫字母經過修改）。 東正教是基督宗教中的一個派別，主要是指依循由東羅馬帝國（又稱拜占庭帝國）所流傳下來的基督信仰傳統的教會。它是與天主教、基督新教並立的基督宗教三大派別之一。「正教」的希臘语（Orthodxia）意思是正統。 斯拉夫民族發源於今波蘭東南部維斯杜拉河上游一帶，於西元一世紀時開始向外遷徙，至六世紀時期居地已經遍布東歐地區。依居住地的不同，斯拉夫民族可分成東、西、南三支，其中東支主要分布於前蘇聯境內，分布在東歐各地者以西、南兩支為主。 俄语国家和地区列表 东欧 斯拉夫人 東正教會 西里尔字母 西方文化圈 伊斯蘭文化圈 漢字文化圈 拉丁文化圈 印度文化圈 Based on a 2011 population of 7,706,400 (Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel[永久失效連結]) Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence. UNdata. [13 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-19）.  Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Selected Data from the 2011 Social Survey on Mastery of the Hebrew Language and Usage of Languages (Hebrew Only). [12 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013年10月13日）.  Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009 (PDF). UN Stats. [1 November 2015]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-07-10）.  Language Spoken At Home By Ability To Speak English For The Population 5 Years And Over. American FactFinder. [3 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-04）.  Estimates range between 130 and 150 million. 111 million in the Russian Federation (2010 census), about 16 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states (8 M in Ukraine, 4.5 M in Kazakhstan, 1 M in Belarus, 0.6 M Latvia, 0.6 M in Uzbekistan, 0.6 M in Kyrgyzstan. Up to 10 million Russian diaspora elsewhere (mostly Americas and Western Europe). Нас 150 миллионов -Русское зарубежье, российские соотечественники, русские за границей, русские за рубежом, соотечественники, русскоязычное население, русские общины, диаспора, эмиграция. Russkie.org. 20 February 2012 [29 April 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）.  Чеченцы требуют снести памятник Юрию Буданову - Новости @ inform - РООИВС "Русичи". web.archive.org. 23 June 2012 [2020-12-09]. 原始内容存档于2012-06-23.  37.5–38 million in Poland and 21–22 million ethnic Poles or people of ethnic Polish extraction elsewhere. "Polmap. Rozmieszczenie ludności pochodzenia polskiego (w mln)" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） including 36,522,000 single ethnic identity, 871,000 multiple ethnic identity (especially 431,000 Polish and Silesian, 216,000 Polish and Kashubian and 224,000 Polish and another identity) in Poland (according to the census 2011 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）) and estimated over 20,000,000 Polish Diaspora Świat Polonii, witryna Stowarzyszenia Wspólnota Polska: "Polacy za granicą" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Polish people abroad as per summary by Świat Polonii, internet portal of the association Wspólnota Polska) Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna [Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011] (PDF). Główny Urząd Statystyczny. January 2013: 89–101 [12 December 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-10-27） （波兰语）.  Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski [Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011] (PDF). Warsaw: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. November 2015: 129–136 [2020-12-09]. ISBN 978-83-7027-597-6. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-08-08） （波兰语）.  Paul R. Magocsi. A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press. 2010: 10–. ISBN 978-1-4426-1021-7.  Svaki drugi Srbin živi izvan Srbije (PDF). Novosti: 5. May 2014 [2019-11-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-06-05）.  Serbs around the World by region (PDF). Serbian Unity Congress. 2013 [2020-12-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-12-05）.  Tab. 6.2 Obyvatelstvo podle národnosti podle krajů [Table. 6.2 Population by nationality, by region] (PDF). Czech Statistical Office. 2011 [2020-12-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-01-31） （捷克语）.  Kolev, Yordan, Българите извън България 1878 – 1945, 2005, р. 18 Quote:"В началото на XXI в. общият брой на етническите българи в България и зад граница се изчислява на около 10 милиона души/In 2005 the number of Bulgarians is 10 million people The Report: Bulgaria 2008. Oxford Business Group. 2008: 8 [26 March 2016]. ISBN 978-1-902339-92-4.  Karatnycky, Adrian. Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 2000–2001. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 2001: 81 [7 June 2015]. ISBN 978-0-7658-0884-4. （原始内容存档于2020-07-22）.  Daphne Winland, Croatian Diaspora, Melvin Ember; Carol R. Ember; Ian Skoggard (编), Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities 2 illustrated, Springer Science+Business: 76, 2004 [2020-12-09], ISBN 978-0-306-48321-9, （原始内容存档于2016-05-08）, It is estimated that 4.5 million Croatians live outside Croatia ...  Hrvatski Svjetski Kongres. [1 June 2016]. （原始内容存档于2003-06-23）. , Croatian World Congress, "4.5 million Croats and people of Croatian heritage live outside of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina" Palermo, Francesco. National Minorities in Inter-State Relations: Filling the Legal Vacuum?. Francesco Palermo (编). National Minorities in Inter-State Relations. Natalie Sabanadze. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2011: 11. ISBN 978-90-04-17598-3.  including 4,353,000 in Slovakia (according to the census 2011), 147,000 single ethnic identity, 19,000 multiple ethnic identity (especially 18,000 Czech and Slovak and 1,000 Slovak and another identity) in Czech Republic (according to the census 2011), 53,000 in Serbia (according to the census 2011 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）), 762,000 in the USA (according to the census 2010 Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2020-02-12), 2,000 single ethnic identity and 1,000 multiple ethnic identity Slovak and Polish in Poland (according to the census 2011 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）), 21,000 single ethnic identity, 43,000 multiple ethnic identity in Canada (according to the census 2006 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）) Nasevski, Boško; Angelova, Dora; Gerovska, Dragica. Матица на Иселениците на Македонија [Matrix of Expatriates of Macedonia]. Skopje: Macedonian Expatriation Almanac '95. 1995: 52–53 （马其顿语）.  存档副本 (PDF). [2020-12-09]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-08-18）.  Pål Kolstø, "The new Russian diaspora - an identity of its own? Possible identity trajectories for Russians in the former Soviet republic." Ethnic and Racial studies, July 1996, pp. 609–639 Pål Kolstø, "The price of stability. Kazakhstani control mechanisms in a bipolar cultural and demographic situation", paper presented at conf. Democracy and Pluralism in the Muslim Areas of the Former Soviet Union at The Cummings Center, University of Tel Aviv, 7–9 November 1999 [1]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Autin, Claire, «Les États baltes. Le défi des minorités russophones», Géographie et cultures, No. 38, 2001 :5-24