12世纪拉丁语翻译

12世纪拉丁语翻译是指12世紀時欧洲学者在南欧地区（特别是西班牙中部和西西里岛）將其他語種（例如阿拉伯語、古希臘語）的文獻翻譯成拉丁文的運動。 在中世紀早期，许多基督教神学家並不相信古希臘哲学。例如耶柔米就非常敌视亚里士多德，希波的奥古斯丁也對哲学兴趣不大。 基本上西欧就沒多少人研究古希臘哲學。此時只有少数修道院還藏有古希腊時代的作品。 加洛林文艺复兴期间，阿尔琴等人開始對古希臘哲學感興趣，並進一步向大眾推廣。 然而在查理曼死后，西歐的知识分子又開始不再關注古希臘哲學。此後的大约两个世纪，除了思維二世等少数推崇波爱修斯的人士外，歐洲的哲學水平基本上停滯不前。 然而到了12世纪，经院哲学开始发展，這导致整个欧洲開始興辦大學。這些大学又開始關注古希臘哲學，並四處搜集古希臘時代的作品。 See, e.g., Sarton 1952. Laughlin 1995. Laughlin 1995. Laughlin 1995. Laughlin 1995. Laughlin 1995. Burnett, Charles (编). Adelard of Bath: Conversations with His Nephew. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1999.  Burnett, Charles. The Coherence of the Arabic-Latin Translation Program in Toledo in the Twelfth Century. Science in Context. 2001, 14 (1–2): 249–288. S2CID 143006568. doi:10.1017/S0269889701000096.  Campbell, Donald. Arabian Medicine and Its Influence on the Middle Ages. London: Routledge. 1926. ISBN 0-415-23188-4.  D'Alverny, Marie-Thérèse. Translations and Translators. Benson, Robert L.; Constable, Giles (编). Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1982: 421–462.  Dapsens, Marion. De la Risālat Maryānus au De Compositione alchemiae: Quelques réflexions sur la tradition d'un traité d'alchimie (PDF). Studia graeco-arabica. 2016, 6: 121–140 [2024-02-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-12-17）.  Haskins, Charles Homer. Studies in the History of Mediaeval Science. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1924. OCLC 836689268.  Haskins, Charles Homer. The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1927.  (see especially chapter 9, "The Translators from Greek and Arabic") Kann, Christoph. Michael Scotus. Bautz, Traugott (编). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) 5. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1459–1461. 1993. ISBN 3-88309-043-3.  Irwin, Robert. The Arabian Nights: A Companion. London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. 2003. ISBN 1-86064-983-1.  Jacquart, Danielle. The Influence of Arabic Medicine in the Medieval West. Rashed, Roshdi (编). Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science 3. London: Routledge: 963–984. 1996. ISBN 0-415-12410-7.  Joseph, George G. The Crest of the Peacock. Non-European Roots of Mathematics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2000. ISBN 0-691-00659-8.  Katz, Victor J. A History of Mathematics: An Introduction. Reading: Addison Wesley. 1998. ISBN 0-321-01618-1.  Larramendi, Miguel Hernando de; Cañada, Luis Miguel Pérez; Parrilla, Gonzalo Fernández (编). La traducción de literatura árabe contemporánea: antes y después de Naguib Mahfuz. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. 2000. ISBN 84-8427-050-5.  Laughlin, Burgess. The Aristotle Adventure. A Guide to the Greek, Arabic, and Latin Scholars Who Transmitted Aristotle's Logic to the Renaissance. Flagstaff Ariz.: Albert Hale Pub. 1995.  Lindberg, David C. The Transmission of Greek and Arabic Learning to the West. Lindberg, David C. (编). Science in the Middle Ages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1978: 52–90 [2024-02-18]. ISBN 9780226482330. （原始内容存档于2024-02-18）.  Moureau, Sébastien. Min al-kīmiyāʾ ad alchimiam. The Transmission of Alchemy from the Arab-Muslim World to the Latin West in the Middle Ages. Micrologus. 2020, 28: 87–141. hdl:2078.1/211340.  Reynolds, L.D.; Wilson, Nigel G. Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature. London: Oxford University Press. 1968. OCLC 895660376.  Sarton, George. A Guide to the History of Science. Waltham: Chronica Botanica Company. 1952. ISBN 9781298825681.  Smith, A. Mark. Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception: A Critical Edition with English Translation and Commentary of the First Three Books of Alhacen's De Aspectibus, the Medieval Latin Version of Ibn al-Haytam's Kitab al-Manazir. Volume One: Introduction and Latin Text. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 91, 4 91. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. 2001: i–337. ISBN 9780871699145. JSTOR 3657358. doi:10.2307/3657358.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助); |issue=被忽略 (帮助) Suter, H.; Samsó, J. al-Khayyāṭ. Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (编). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. 1960–2007. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4264.  Taton, René. History of Science: Ancient and Medieval Science. New York: Basic Books. 1963. OCLC 797291798.  Watt, W. Montgomery. The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 1972.  Wightman, William P. D. The Growth of Scientific Ideas. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1953. ISBN 1-135-46042-6.