漁業管理

漁業管理（fisheries management）也称渔政，是對野生渔场、自然水体和水库等可被渔业使用的水域生态系统的自然资源管理，目標是從可再生水生資源中產生可持续性的生物、社會及經濟效益。水产品屬於可再生資源，因爲被捕撈的生物（例如魚類、虾类、蟹类、蛸类、貝類、爬行動物、兩栖動物及海洋哺乳動物）一般每年的生物盈餘都有所過剩，通過合適的管理方法，能夠在不影響未來生產力的情況下捕撈這些生物。 漁業管理采用保護漁業資源的方法，利用漁業科學及預防原則，以促成可持續漁業。現代漁業管理通常屬於政府體系，基於既定目標的適當管理規則，實施漁業檢測、控制與監視。根據聯合國糧食及農業組織説法，漁業管理暫時没有明確和普遍接受的定義。 然而，糧農組織使用并在其他地方大量引用的工作定義是： 信息收集、分析、規劃、協商、決策、資源分配以及制定和實施并在必要時強制執行管理漁業活動的法規或規則的綜合過程，以確保資源和漁業活動的持續生產力和完成其他漁業目標。 許多國家設立了部委/政府部门，以管理其專屬經濟區的漁業。四類管理手段包括：調節投入/投資或產出，直接或間接運作： 技術手段包括： 禁止使用弓箭、长矛或火器等設備 禁止使用漁網 規定最小網格尺寸 限制船隊船隻平均潛在捕撈量（船隻大小、器材、電子器材等） 禁止使用诱饵 限制捕魚器 限制渔民杆數或綫數 限制出海漁船數量 限制船舶在海上每單位時間的平均作業强度 限制平均出海时间 捕鱼执照 Lackey, Robert; Nielsen, Larry (编). Fisheries management. Blackwell. 1980: 422. ISBN 978-0632006151.  The ecosystem approach to fisheries. Issues, terminology, principles, institutional foundations, implementation and outlook.. FAO. 2003.  FAO (1997) Fisheries Management （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Section 1.2, Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. FAO, Rome. 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