TAS2R14

味觉感受器，类型2，成员14，TAS2R14 是一个人类基因组中TAS2R14基因编码的蛋白质，是苦味味觉感受器的一员。 该基因所属的味觉感受器家族是G蛋白偶联受体超家族中的一员，其蛋白主要表达在舌头和腭的上皮味觉受体细胞中。它们是组织在基因组中的基因集群，在小鼠和人类中表达在苦味位点。在功能表达研究中，TAS2R14与(-)-α-侧柏酮（苦艾酒和印防己毒素（英语：picrotoxin）中的原发性神经毒性剂）相关。该基因所在的味觉感受器基因簇位于12号染色体短臂13带。 TAS2R14和其它几种苦味感受器也在人类呼吸道平滑肌细胞上表达。它们在这些细胞中的活化会导致细胞内钙离子增加，从而触发钾离子通道打开，使细胞膜超极化，平滑肌放松。因此，这些受体的活化会导致支气管扩张。 味觉感受器 Adler E, Hoon MA, Mueller KL, Chandrashekar J, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS. A novel family of mammalian taste receptors. Cell. Apr 2000, 100 (6): 693–702. PMID 10761934. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80705-9.  Matsunami H, Montmayeur JP, Buck LB. A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse. Nature. Apr 2000, 404 (6778): 601–4. PMID 10766242. doi:10.1038/35007072.  Entrez Gene: TAS2R14 taste receptor, type 2, member 14.  Behrens M, Brockhoff A, Kuhn C, Bufe B, Winnig M, Meyerhof W. The human taste receptor hTAS2R14 responds to a variety of different bitter compounds. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. June 2004, 319 (2): 479–85. PMID 15178431. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.019.  Deshpande DA, Wang WC, McIlmoyle EL, Robinett KS, Schillinger RM, An SS, Sham JS, Liggett SB. Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction. Nat. Med. November 2010, 16 (11): 1299–304. PMC 3066567 . PMID 20972434. doi:10.1038/nm.2237.  Kinnamon SC. A plethora of taste receptors. Neuron. 2000, 25 (3): 507–10. PMID 10774719. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81054-5.  Margolskee RF. Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277 (1): 1–4. PMID 11696554. doi:10.1074/jbc.R100054200.  Montmayeur JP, Matsunami H. Receptors for bitter and sweet taste. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2002, 12 (4): 366–71. PMID 12139982. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00345-8.  Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Hoon MA; et al. T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors. Cell. 2000, 100 (6): 703–11. PMID 10761935. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80706-0.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 99 (26): 16899–903. PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J; et al. Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways. Cell. 2003, 112 (3): 293–301. PMID 12581520. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004, 14 (10B): 2121–7. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) Fischer A, Gilad Y, Man O, Pääbo S. Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2005, 22 (3): 432–6. PMID 15496549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi027.  Go Y, Satta Y, Takenaka O, Takahata N. Lineage-Specific Loss of Function of Bitter Taste Receptor Genes in Humans and Nonhuman Primates. Genetics. 2006, 170 (1): 313–26. PMC 1449719 . PMID 15744053. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.037523.  Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA; et al. Human Plasma N-Glycoproteome Analysis by Immunoaffinity Subtraction, Hydrazide Chemistry, and Mass Spectrometry. J. Proteome Res. 2006, 4 (6): 2070–80. PMC 1850943 . PMID 16335952. doi:10.1021/pr0502065.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) Behrens M, Bartelt J, Reichling C; et al. Members of RTP and REEP gene families influence functional bitter taste receptor expression. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281 (29): 20650–9. PMID 16720576. doi:10.1074/jbc.M513637200.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) 醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：TAS2R14+protein,+human