次闭央不圆唇元音

次閉央不圓唇元音（near-close central unrounded vowel、near-high central unrounded vowel）是一個用在某些口語上的元音。在國際音標中，這個音可以用數種方法來表現（見右表），但最常見的則是⟨ɪ̈⟩（中央化的[ɪ]）和⟨ɨ̞⟩（低化的 [ɨ]）。其他的表述方法則如⟨ɪ̠⟩ (舌根後移的 [ɪ]) 和 ⟨ɘ̝⟩ (較高的 [ɘ])。X-SAMPA對於此音的表示方法則分別是I\，1_o，I_-和@\_r。 在許多英式字典中，此元音時常被寫為⟨ɪ⟩，而在美式音標中則更常被表示為⟨ɨ⟩或⟨ᵻ⟩。⟨ᵻ⟩也被用在一些刊物中，例如John C. Wells的Accents of English。在第三版的牛津英語詞典中，⟨ᵻ⟩代表/ɪ/與/ə/之間的自由變異。 其元音高度為次閉，舌頭的位置並不如閉元音般接近齒齦，口腔也比閉元音稍微開一些。 其元音舌位是央，表示舌的位置是在央元音的地方，大約在前元音和後元音中間。 其圓唇度為不圓唇元音，嘴唇自然放鬆，不特別向前突起。 While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low". Pullum & Ladusaw (1996:298頁) Abdel-Massih, Ernest T., A Reference Grammar of Tamazight, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1971  Altendorf, Ulrike; Watt, Dominic, The dialects in the South of England: phonology, Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (编), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 181–196, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0  Ball, Martin J., Phonetics for phonology, Ball, Martin J.; Jones, G.E (编), Welsh Phonology, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1984, ISBN 0-7083-0861-9  Hayward, Katrina; Hayward, Richard J., Amharic, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 45–50, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65236-7, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874  Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis, The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, 1969  Kruspe, Nicole; Hajek, John, Mah Meri, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2009, 39 (2): 241–248, doi:10.1017/S0025100309003946  Lass, Roger, South African English, Mesthrie, Rajend (编), Language in South Africa, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 9780521791052  Lodge, Ken, A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009 [2018-02-15], ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2, （原始内容存档于2019-06-08）  Mott, Brian, Traditional Cockney and popular London speech, Dialectologia (RACO (Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert)), 2012, 9: 69–94 [2018-02-15], ISSN 2013-2247, （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）  Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe, Irish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 111–16, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1  Ó Sé, Diarmuid, Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne, Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, 2000, ISBN 0-946452-97-0 （爱尔兰语）  Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A., Phonetic Symbol Guide, Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press, 1996, ISBN 9780226685366  Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto, Mapudungun, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (1): 87–96 [2018-02-15], doi:10.1017/S0025100312000369, （原始内容存档于2018-11-06）  Tench, Paul, Tera, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2007, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952  Teo, Amos B., Sumi (Sema), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2012, 42 (03): 365–373, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000254  Teo, Amos B., A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland (PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, 2014 [2018-02-15], ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-07-21）  Wells, John C., Accents of English 3: Beyond the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-521-28541-0