坎特伯雷的奧古斯丁

奥斯定（英語：St. Augustine of Canterbury，俗译聖奥古斯丁，？—604年5月26日），本篤會神父和天主教会第一位坎特伯雷教區主教，被认为是「英格兰宗徒」，纪念日為5月26日（圣公会、东方正教会）与5月27日（罗马天主教会）。 奥斯定原為罗马圣安德肋修院副院长，596年奉教宗大圣额我略一世敕命率四十名传教士往英国传教，即使面對英吉利海峡风浪险恶，奧古斯丁仍嘱咐众人不必担忧。597年，一行人到達英格兰，肯特国王艾塞尔伯特大表欢迎，亲自在橡树下倾听圣道，並将坎特伯里的土地拨给传教士，建造圣堂，并准许他们自由传教。 奧古斯丁在坎特伯雷建立教区，全力传扬基督教（此指羅馬公教）。建立首間座堂，設神學院。於倫敦、罗彻斯特等地成立教區，奧古斯丁還幫助肯特君主訂立法律、興辦學校及出版書籍。他在坎特伯雷建立的圣堂，之后逐渐扩建为坎特伯里主教座堂，他建立的圣伯多禄与圣保禄修道院，則成为著名的圣奥古斯丁修道院。 虽無文献记录，但国王可能于597年圣神降临节接受洗礼。不久后，奧古斯丁到法国，由阿尔勒总主教祝圣为主教。奧古斯丁也派使者向教宗額我略一世述職，请示重大工作问题，并请求多派助手。601年，一批传教士从罗马出发，其中著名的有圣梅利多、圣犹斯多、圣保利诺（英语：Paulinus of York）等。这批传教士也带了大量礼仪用品，如主教披带、圣器、祭台布、祭衣、圣髑、经书等。教皇也向奧古斯丁颁赐敕令嘱咐如何推展教务，建立基督教行政体系；异教建物不必全部拆毁，僅需改为教会敬礼场所即可；若地方习俗无抵触教会者，应予保留；异教节日，得以殉道圣人瞻礼代之。由于奧古斯丁常显神迹，额我略叮嘱他，勿因主赐奇恩而自傲。 奧古斯丁在英传教七年，605年5月26日逝世，葬于坎特伯里。 CALENDARIUM ROMANUM GENERALE. 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