安东尼奥·奈格里

安东尼奥·奈格里（義大利語：Antonio Negri；1933年8月1日—2023年12月16日）是一位意大利马克思主义社会学家和政治哲学家，他以著作《帝国》和对斯宾诺莎的研究而出名。 1933年8月1日出生于意大利帕多瓦 ，他在家乡的大学成为了一名政治哲学教授。奈格里于1969年创办了工人力量组织（Potere Operaio）而且成为著名的“自治行动”（Autonomia Operaia）的领军人物。作为最受欢迎的工人主义和自治主义理论家之一，他出版了极有影响力的书籍，力倡“革命意识”。 他在20世纪70年代末被指控多项罪名，包括成为左翼游击队组织红色旅的策划者，参与了1978年5月绑架意大利两届总理阿尔多·莫罗和基督教民主党领袖以及其他人。 他被误认为是代表无线电通信局进行了一次威胁电话，但是法院无法最终证明此事。奈格里与左翼极端主义共谋的问题是一个有争议的话题。 他被指控犯有多项罪名，包括“反政府叛乱”（后来被撤销的指控），并因参与两起谋杀案而被判刑。 奈格里逃到法国，在那里，受密特朗法案（the Mitterrand doctrine）的保护，他与雅克·德里达、米歇尔·福柯和吉尔·德勒兹一起在巴黎第八大学和国际哲学学院（Collège international de philosophie）任教。1997年，在辩诉之后，他把服刑时间从30年缩短到13年，回到意大利服刑。他的许多有影响力的著作都是在他入狱的时候出版的。他和妻子现在居住在威尼斯和巴黎，他的妻子是法国哲学家朱狄特·勒韦尔（Judith Revel）。 2023年12月16日，奈格里在巴黎逝世，享年90岁。 奈格里与迈克尔·哈特合作: 《狄俄尼索斯的劳动:对国家形式的批判》（Labor of Dionysus: A Critique of the State-Form,1994） 《帝国》（Empire, 2000） 《诸众》（Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire，2004） 《大同世界》 （Commonwealth, 2011） https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1283433 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Negri, Antonio: The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and Politics. Translated from the Italian by Michael Hardt. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991). Originally published as L'anomalia selvaggia: Saggio su potere e potenza in Baruch Spinoza (Milano: Feltrinelli, 1981). Antonio Negri (1981): "This work [The Savage Anomaly] was written in prison. And it was also conceived, for the most part, in prison. Certainly, I have always known Spinoza well. Since I was in school, I have loved the Ethics (and here I would like to fondly remember my teacher of those years). I continued to work on it, never losing touch, but a full study required too much time. [...] Spinoza is the clear and luminous side of Modern philosophy. [...] With Spinoza, philosophy succeeds for the first time in negating itself as a science of mediation. In Spinoza there is the sense of a great anticipation of the future centuries; there is the intuition of such a radical truth of future philosophy that it not only keeps him from being flattened onto seventeenth-century thought but also, it often seems, denies any confrontation, any comparison. Really, none of his contemporaries understands him or refutes him. [...] Spinoza's materialist metaphysics is the potent anomaly of the century: not a vanquished or marginal anomaly but, rather, an anomaly of victorious materialism, of the ontology of a being that always moves forward and that by constituting itself poses the ideal possibility for revolutionizing the world." Toscano, Alberto. The Politics of Spinozism: Composition and Communication (Paper presented at the Cultural Research Bureau of Iran, Tehran, January 4, 2005) (PDF). January 2005 [20 June 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-14）.  Ruddick, Susan (2010), 'The Politics of Affect: Spinoza in the Work of Negri and Deleuze,'. Theory, Culture & Society 27(4): 21–45 Grattan, Sean (2011), 'The Indignant Multitude: Spinozist Marxism after Empire,'. Mediations 25(2): 7–8 Duffy, Simon B. (2014), 'French and Italian Spinozism,'. In: Rosi Braidotti (ed.), After Poststructuralism: Transitions and Transformations. (London: Routledge, 2014), p. 148–168 Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt, Empire (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England: Harvard University Press, 2000), § 3.4. Elsa Romeo, La Scuola di Croce: testimonianze sull'Istituto italiano per gli studi storici, Il Mulino, 1992, p. 309. Maggiori Robert, "Toni Negri, le retour du «diable» 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期5 January 2016.", Libération.fr, 3 July 1997. 奈格里是谁？“帝国”是什么意思？_思想市场_澎湃新闻-The Paper. www.thepaper.cn. [2019-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）.  Toni Negri è morto, il leader di Autonomia Operaia è deceduto nella notte a Parigi. La Repubblica. 16 December 2023 [16 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-17）.