耳螺科

耳螺科（学名：Ellobiidae），亦作耳蝸牛科，是腹足綱耳螺總科（学名：Ellobioidea）之下的一個科。耳螺科物種體型細小，皆可呼吸空氣。舊屬原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺總科，之後耳螺科改屬耳螺總科:6。2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，整個耳螺總科仍被歸到基眼類非正式群組。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，耳螺科聯同另外兩個科共同組成耳螺目。 本科物種螺殻的一大特徵，除了其耳狀的螺殻外，還有其鋸齒狀的殻口。 本科物種遍佈全世界，但仍主要集中於印度洋-西太平洋海域。部分物種嗜鹽，常栖息在河口半淡鹹水域或紅樹林的高潮區、鹽沼地等範圍。儘管本科物種可呼吸空氣，而事實上在熱帶亦有部分物種可完全營陸生，但其餘物種仍不時要返回海水裡，所以WoRMS指本科物種的棲息環境同時包括海洋、鹹淡水交界及陸生。 截至2018年8月28日 (2018-08-28)[update]，WoRMS紀錄本科包括以下各個亞科與屬： 罌粟蝸牛亞科 Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830，果瓣螺亚科 小罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychiella Strauch, 1977 † Carychiopsis Sandberger, 1872 罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773，异名：Auricella Jurine, 1817， Auriculina Moquin-Tandon, 1856和Saraphia Risso, 1826，果瓣螺属 Koreozospeum Jochum & Prozorova, 2015 † Protocarychium Pan, 1982 Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856，异名：Speozoum Hamann, 1896 耳螺亞科 Ellobiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822) Auriculinella Tausch, 1886，异名： Leuconia Gray, 1840和Leucopepla Peile, 1926 Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854 耳螺屬 Ellobium Röding, 1798，异名：AuriculaLamarck, 1799， AuriculinaKobelt, 1898， Auriculodes Strand, 1928，Auriculus Montfort, 1810， Autonoe Guppy, 1868，Autonoella Wenz, 1947， Geovula Swainson, 1840 Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949 † Stolidomopsis Sandberger, 1875 尖耳螺亞科 Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850) Detracia Gray, 1840 尖耳螺屬 Melampus Montfort, 1810：嗜鹽。，异名Conovulus Lamarck, 1816， Pira H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855，Tifata H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 Tralia Gray, 1840 趾蝸牛亞科 Pedipedinae 趾蝸牛屬 Pedipes Férussac, 1821 扁耳螺亞科 Pythiinae Odhner, 1925 異耳螺屬 Allochroa Ancey, 1887：嗜鹽。 金耳螺屬 Auriculastra Martens, 1880：嗜鹽。异名：Cylindrotis Möllendorff, 1895 冠耳螺屬 Cassidula Férussac, 1821：又名鼬耳螺屬，嗜鹽。异名：Cassidulella ！Thiele, 1934， Cassidulina Thiele, 1931， Rhodostoma Swainson, 1840 肋耳螺屬 Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 Myosotella Monterosato, 1906：嗜鹽。 皺耳螺屬 Ophicardelus Beck, 1838：嗜鹽。 Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832 Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005 女教士螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：嗜鹽。 異名：  » Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name)  » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906  » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia])  » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846  » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821  » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832  » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906  » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling)  » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846  » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。 花豹耳螺 Pythia pantherina (A. Adams) 厚皮耳螺 Pythia pachyodon Pilsbry et Hirase subfamily Zaptychiinae † Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 † ：本亞科的模式屬。 亞科地位未定 Genus Juramarinula Bandel, 1991 † Genus Leopoldium Bandel & Riedel, 1994 † Genus Melampoides Yen, 1951 † Genus Mesauriculstra Yen, 1952 † Genus Mesochilina Yen, 1951 † Genus Palaeoleuca Wenz, 1922 † Genus Proauriculastra Bandel, 1991 † Genus Pythiopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 † Genus Rhytophorus Meek, 1871 † Genus Semiauricula Cossmann, 1889 † Genus Stolidoma Deshayes, 1863 † Genus Tortacella White, 1895 † Genus Traliopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 † subfamily ? Auriculinella Tausch, 1886 Auriculodes Strand, 1928 Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854 Creedonia Martins, 1996 Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840 Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884 Marinula King & Broderip, 1832 微耳螺屬 Microtralia Dall, 1894：嗜鹽。 Ophicardelus Beck, 1838 Ovatella Bivona, 1832 Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005 Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900 Tralia Gray, 1840 異名： Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798 Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832 Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886 Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886 Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886 Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832 Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798 Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810 Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894 Taxonomic note Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].) This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference Weigand A. M., Jochum A., Slapnik R., Schnitzler J., Zarza E. & Klussmann-Kolb A. (2013). "Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses". BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 18. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-18. Bouchet P. 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