康斯坦丁·波别多诺采夫

康斯坦丁·彼得罗维奇·波别多诺采夫（俄语：Константи́н Петро́вич Победоно́сцев，IPA：[kənstɐnʲˈtʲin pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ pəbʲɪdɐˈnostsɨf]；1827年11月30日—1907年3月23日），俄罗斯帝国时期法学家和教育家。沙皇亚历山大三世统治期间，波别多诺采夫作为当时国内保守主义的领军人物，在1880年至1905年期间担任至圣治理会议总检察长（英语：Procurator (Russia)）。他负责监察俄罗斯正教会内的非文职政府官员，因深得亚历山大三世的信赖，也被当时称为“沙皇的灰衣主教”。 他曾发表多部关于政治、法律、艺术和文化等方面的著作，阐释了俄罗斯在调和东正教精神与世俗化发展之间的积极成果。他还向沙皇警告了俄罗斯的社会隐忧，并将自由民权运动描述为破坏俄罗斯民族和宗教团结的敌人。波别多诺采夫主张实现社会和谐则意味着必须维护好政治及宗教团结的集体责任，因此他声称对俄罗斯国民的思想和行为进行密切监督是必要的。 Reflections of a Russian Statesman by Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev. Published by G. Richards, 1898. University of Michigan Press. 1964. ISBN 0-472-06104-6. "Russia and Popular Education" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The North American Review, Vol. 173, No. 538, September 1901. Исследование исторических документов и дневников самого Победоносцева указывает дату рождения 18 (30) ноября 1827 года. При этом во многих справочных и энциклопедических изданиях, опубликованных после смерти Победоносцева, указана иная дата: 21 мая (2 июня) 1827 года. Однако 21 мая — день тезоименитства, а не рождения Победоносцева. Причиной распространения ошибки, наиболее вероятно, является указание дня тезоименитства вместо дня рождения в дате на надгробном кресте A. Iu. Polunov, "The State and Religious Heterodoxy in Russia (from 1880 to the Beginning of the 1890s)". Russian Studies in History 39.4 (2001): 54-65. W. Bruce Lincoln, The great reforms: Autocracy, bureaucracy, and the politics of change in imperial Russia (1990) Peter Kropotkin. Russian Schools and the Holy Synod. 1902 [2022-07-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-16）. The Council of the Ministers, in which K. Pobedonostsev has a seat in his capacity of procurator of the Holy Synod...  Chisholm 1911，第872頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFChisholm1911 (help) John Basil, "K.P Pobedonostsev and the Harmonius Society". Canadian-American Slavic Studies 37.4 (2003): 415-426.  本条目包含来自公有领域出版物的文本: Bain, Robert Nisbet. Pobêdonostsev, Constantine Petrovich. Chisholm, Hugh (编). Encyclopædia Britannica 21 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press: 871–872. 1911.  Basil, John D. (1995) "Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev: An argument for a Russian state church". Church history 64#1 (1995): 44-61. Basil, John D. "K. P. Pobedonostsev and the Harmonius Society". Canadian-American Slavic Studies 37.4 (2003): 415-426. Basil, John D. Church & State in Late Imperial Russia: Critics of the Synodal System of Church Government (1861-1914) (2005). Byrnes, Robert (1968). Pobedonostsev: His Life and Thought, Indiana University Press, a standard scholarly biography. Byrnes, Robert (1969). Russian Conservative Thought Before the Revolution, in: Stavrou, Theofanis. Russia Under the Last Tsar. University of Minnesota Press. 1969. ISBN 9780816605149.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Courtney, W.L. (1904). "A Reactionary Statesman". In: The Development of M. Maeterlinck. London: Grant Richards, pp. 163–172. Polunov, A. Iu. "Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev—Man and Politician". Russian Studies in History 39.4 (2001): 8-32. online, by a leading scholar Polunov, A. Iu. "Church, Regime, and Society in Russia (1880-1895)". Russian Studies in History 39.4 (2001): 33-53. online Polunov, A. Iu. "The State and Religious Heterodoxy in Russia (from 1880 to the Beginning of the 1890s)". Russian Studies in History 39.4 (2001): 54-65. Polunov, A. Iu. "The Religious Department and the Uniate Question, 1881-1894." Russian Studies in History 39.4 (2001): 77-85. online[失效連結] Pobedonostsev, Konstantin Petrovich. Reflections of a Russian statesman (1989) Online free Shaposhnikov, Lev Evgenevich, and Sergei Nikolaevich Pushkin. "Orthodoxy as a basis for protective conservatism of KP Pobedonostsev." European Journal of Science and Theology 14.3 (2018): 157-164. online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：康斯坦丁·波别多诺采夫 The Russian Empire, 1855 to 1900 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Review of Pobedonostsev's doctrines (in Russian) Encyclopedia article on Pobedonostsev （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (in Russian)