大猪笼草

大猪笼草（学名：Nepenthes maxima）是一种广布于苏拉威西、新几内亚和摩鹿加群岛的热带食虫植物。其也可能存在于沃沃尼島。 大猪笼草被归入“大猪笼草系”中，其中还包括博世猪笼草（N. boschiana）、陈氏猪笼草（N. chaniana）、附生猪笼草（N. epiphytica）、艾玛猪笼草、法萨猪笼草（N. faizaliana）、暗色猪笼草（N. fusca）、扎克里豬籠草（N. zakriana ）、N. dactylifera 、克洛斯猪笼草（N. klossii）、宽唇猪笼草（N. platychila）、窄叶猪笼草（N. stenophylla）、柔毛豬籠草(N. mollis) 和佛氏猪笼草（N. vogelii）。 常见于苏拉威西的某些变型常具有明显波浪状的叶片。个别极端个体的叶片翼即使下延至下部整个节间，但其仍可能呈高度波浪状。这种波浪状的叶片是由于叶缘细胞生长造成的，由于其叶片质薄，从而导致其叶片呈波浪状以降低其应力势能。 虽然柯蒂斯猪笼草（N. curtisii）为该物种的异名，但其也被用于指代其他许多栽培种。 大猪笼草捕虫笼的形态特征多变。捕虫笼可为纯绿色或带斑点，少数斑点众多，几乎为黑色。不同变型的唇也存在差异，产自新几内亚的变型其唇较宽。 Nepenthes maxima f. undulata Sh.Kurata (1985) Nepenthes maxima var. glabrata Becc. in sched. nom.nud. Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc. (1886) [=N. stenophylla] Nepenthes maxima var. minor Macf. (1917) Nepenthes maxima var. sumatrana (Miq.) Becc. (1886) [=N. sumatrana] Nepenthes maxima var. superba (Hort.Veitch ex Marshall) Veitch (1897) 2009年，一种产自婆娑湖的栽培品种被命名为婆娑湖大猪笼草（Nepenthes maxima‘Lake Poso’） ? N. eymae × N. maxima N. glabrata × N. maxima N. klossii × N. maxima N. maxima × N. neoguineensis N. maxima × N. tentaculata 无毛猪笼草与大猪笼草的疑似自然杂交种 克洛斯猪笼草与大猪笼草的自然杂交种 大猪笼草与新几内亚猪笼草的自然杂交种 （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105. Masters, M.T. 1887. New or noteworthy plants. Nepenthes Curtisii, Mast., sp. nov.. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 2(49): 681, 689. 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 60. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.  McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. （印尼文） Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198. Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51. [Anonymous] 2013. BE-3543 Nepenthes maxima - wavy leaf.PDF Nepenthes Growers Newsletter 2(2): 7–8. Bourke, G. 2010. Plant profile: Nepenthes maxima.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 9–10. Sharon, E., M. Marder & H.L. Swinney 2004. Leaves, flowers and garbage bags: making waves. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） American Scientist 92(3): 254–261. Evans, D.P. 2009. New Cultivars: Nepenthes maxima ‘Lake Poso’ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 38(1): 18–22. McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sulawesi. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. [Anonymous] 1889. Nepenthes at Messrs. Veitch's.（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(145): 388. [Anonymous] 2010. Eramet-PT Weda Bay Nickel Exploration and Development ESIA.（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） ERM Indonesia, Jakarta. 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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [12 May 2006].  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15. （印尼文） Darma, I.D.P., I.P. Suendra & H.-M. Siregar 2004. BP-17: Keanekaragaman Nepenthes di Taman Wisata Alam Nanggala III, Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan. [Nepenthes diversity in Taman Wisata Alam Nanggala III, Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan.] [pp. xiv–xv] In: Abstrak: Konggres dan Seminar Nasional Penggalang Taksonomi Tumbuhan Indonesia (PTTI) Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, 19-20 Desember 2003.（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Sisipan Biodiversitas 5(1): i–xxxii. （印尼文） Darma, I.D.P., I.P. Suendra & H.-M. Siregar 2004. Keanekaragaman Nepenthes di Taman Wisata Alam Nanggala III, Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [Diversity of Nepenthes at ecotour forest Nanggala III, Luwu, South Sulawesi.] BioSMART 6(2): 126–129. Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes.（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354. James, G. 1993. Some observations of carnivorous plants in habitat, Sulawesi: Indonesia.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 22(1–2): 29–30. Kitching, R.L. 2000. Food Webs and Container Habitats: The natural history and ecology of phytotelmata（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Lecoufle, M. 1990. Nepenthes maxima. In: Carnivorous Plants: Care and Cultivation. Blandford, London. pp. 124–125. （印尼文） Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253. Masters, M.T. 1889. Nepenthes Curtisi. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(154): 660–661. Masters, M.T. 1890. New or noteworthy plants. Nepenthes stenophylla, Mast., sp. n.（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 8(192): 240. McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Australia and New Guinea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897 （德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich. Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676 Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023 （日語） Oikawa, T. 1992. Nepenthes maxima Reinw.. In: Muyū kusa – Nepenthes（無憂草 – Nepenthes）. [The Grief Vanishing.] Parco Co., Japan. p. 62. Porter, J.N. 1940. Note on the germination of Nepenthes seed sown on agar（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Botanical Museum Leaflets Harvard University 8(3): 65–68. Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2011. A sticky situation: assessing adaptations for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales by means of stochastic character mapping. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172(7): 889–901. doi:10.1086/660882 Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2012. Molecular and functional evolution of class I chitinases for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29(10): 2971–2985. doi:10.1093/molbev/mss106 Rischer, R., M. Wenzel, J. Schlauer, G. Bringmann & L.A. Assi 1998. In vitro cultivation and experiments with carnivorous plants.PDF In: J. Schlauer & B. Meyers-Rice (eds.) Proceedings: Second Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society. International Carnivorous Plant Society, Fullerton. pp. 6–7. Rischer, R., M. Wenzel, J. Schlauer, G. Bringmann & L.A. Assi 1998. In vitro cultivation and experiments with carnivorous plants.PDF In: J. Schlauer & B. Meyers-Rice (eds.) Proceedings: Second Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society. International Carnivorous Plant Society, Fullerton. pp. 6–7. Shin, K.-S., S. Lee & B.J. Cha 2007. Suppression of phytopathogenic fungi by hexane extract of Nepenthes ventricosa x maxima leaf. Fitoterapia 78(7–8): 585–586. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2007.03.020 Slack, A. 1979. Nepenthes maxima. In: Carnivorous Plants. Ebury Press, London. p. 86. Thorogood, C. 2010. The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives. Nova Science Publishers, New York. Toma, I., C. Toma & I. Stănescu 2002. Histo-anatomical aspects of the Nepenthes maxima Reinw. ex Ness metamorphosed leaf.PDF Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Biologie Végétale 47(1–2): 3–7. Nepenthes maxima from Celebes go international 食虫植物照片搜寻引擎中大猪笼草的照片（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：马普鲁山猪笼草 維基物種上的相關信息：马普鲁山猪笼草