沼蝦屬

沼蝦屬（學名：Macrobrachium）是長臂蝦科的一個屬，也是淡水蝦中最大的一個屬，所包含的種類多達200餘種，其中也包含幾種可能是最巨大的淡水蝦類，如羅氏沼蝦（M. rosenbergii）、M. faustinum、M. carcinus、M. malcolmsonii、M. choprai、M. vollenhovenii、附刺沼蝦（M. spinipes）以及貪食沼蝦（M. lar），最大體型均超過15公分。沼蝦屬分佈廣泛，七大洲中，只有南極洲沒有沼蝦屬的蹤跡。 本属包括以下物种： Macrobrachium acanthochirus F. Villalobos, 1967 Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) Macrobrachium acherontium Holthuis, 1977 Macrobrachium adscitum Riek, 1951 Macrobrachium aemulum (Nobili, 1906) Macrobrachium agwi Klotz, 2008 Macrobrachium ahkowi Chong & Khoo, 1987 Macrobrachium altifrons (Henderson, 1893) Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) Macrobrachium americanum Spence Bate, 1868 Macrobrachium amplimanus Cai & Dai, 1999 Macrobrachium andamanicum (Tiwari, 1952) Macrobrachium aracamuni Rodríguez, 1982 粗糙沼虾 Macrobrachium asperulum (von Martens, 1868)，南海沼虾 Macrobrachium assamense (Tiwari, 1958) Macrobrachium atabapense S. Pereira, 1986 Macrobrachium atactum Riek, 1951 Macrobrachium auratum Short, 2004 澳洲沼虾 Macrobrachium australe (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium banjarae (Tiwari, 1958) Macrobrachium bariense (De Man, 1892) 双线沼虾 Macrobrachium bilineare Q.Chen, W.Chen, Y.Hu, K.Ma & Z.Guo, 2021 Macrobrachium birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986 Macrobrachium birmanicum Schenkel, 1902 Macrobrachium bombajense Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006 Macrobrachium borellii (Nobili, 1896) Macrobrachium brasiliense (Heller, 1862) Macrobrachium brevicarpum Tan & Dong, 1996 Macrobrachium bullatum Fincham, 1987 Macrobrachium cacharense (Tiwari, 1952) Macrobrachium caledonicum (Roux, 1926) Macrobrachium callirrhoe (De Man, 1898) Macrobrachium canarae (Tiwari, 1958) Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Macrobrachium catonium H. H. Hobbs III & H. H. Hobbs Jr., 1995 Macrobrachium cavernicola (Kemp, 1924) Macrobrachium chevalieri (Roux, 1935) Macrobrachium clymene (De Man, 1902) Macrobrachium cocoense Abele & W. Kim, 1984 Macrobrachium cosolapaense Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011 Macrobrachium cortezi Rodríguez, 1982 Macrobrachium cowlesi Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium crebrum Abele & W. Kim, 1989 Macrobrachium crenulatum Holthuis, 1950 达氏沼虾 Macrobrachium dacqueti (Sunier, 1925)，为Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)的异名 Macrobrachium dalatense Nguyên, 2003 Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson, 1893) Macrobrachium denticulatum Ostrovski, Da Fonseca & Da Silva-Ferreira, 1996 Macrobrachium depressimanum S. Pereira, 1993 毛螯沼虾 Macrobrachium dienbienphuense Đăng & B. Y. Nguyên, 1972 Macrobrachium dierythrum S. Pereira, 1986 Macrobrachium digitus Abele & W. Kim, 1989 Macrobrachium digueti (Bouvier, 1895) Macrobrachium dolatum Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004 Macrobrachium dolichodactylus (Hilgendorf, 1879) 东澳沼虾 Macrobrachium dongaoensis Chen & Chen & Guo 2018 都安盲沼虾 Macrobrachium duanensis Lan, Wu & Li, 2017 Macrobrachium duri Wowor & Ng, 2010 Macrobrachium dux (Lenz, 1910) 无齿沼虾 Macrobrachium edentatum Liang & Yan, 1986 Macrobrachium elatum Jayachandran, 1987 中性沼虾 Macrobrachium elegantum Pan, Hou & S. Li, 2010 Macrobrachium empulipke Wowor, 2010 等齿沼虾 Macrobrachium equidens (Dana, 1852) 绒掌沼虾 Macrobrachium esculentum (Thallwitz, 1891) Macrobrachium faustinum (de Saussure, 1857) Macrobrachium felicinum Holthuis, 1949 Macrobrachium ferreirai Kensley & Walker, 1982 Macrobrachium feunteuni Keith & Vigneux, 2002 Macrobrachium foai (Coutière, 1902) Macrobrachium forcipatum Ng, 1995 台湾沼虾 Macrobrachium formosense Spence Bate, 1868 福建沼虾 Macrobrachium fukienense Liang & Yan, 1980 Macrobrachium gallus Holthuis, 1952 Macrobrachium gangeticum Spence Bate, 1868 Macrobrachium glabrum Holthuis, 1995 细额沼虾 Macrobrachium gracilirostre (Miers, 1875) Macrobrachium grandimanus (Randall, 1840) Macrobrachium gua Chong, 1989 广西沼虾 Macrobrachium guangxiense Liang & Yan, 1981 Macrobrachium gurudeve Jayachandran & Raji, 2005 海南沼虾 Macrobrachium hainanense (Parisi, 1919) Macrobrachium hancocki Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium handschini (Roux, 1933) Macrobrachium hendersodayanum (Tiwari, 1952) 韩氏沼虾 Macrobrachium hendersoni (De Man, 1906) Macrobrachium heterochirus (Wiegmann, 1836) 异额沼虾 Macrobrachium heterorhynchos Guo & He, 2008 Macrobrachium hildebrandti (Hilgendorf, 1893) Macrobrachium hirsutimanus (Tiwari, 1952) Macrobrachium hirtimanus (Olivier, 1811) Macrobrachium hobbsi Villalobos Hiriart & Natees Rodriguez, 1990 Macrobrachium holthuisi Genofre & Lobão, 1978 霍氏沼虾 Macrobrachium horstii (De Man, 1892)，郝氏沼虾 Macrobrachium idae (Heller, 1862) Macrobrachium idella (Hilgendorf, 1898) Macrobrachium iheringi (Ortmann, 1897) Macrobrachium inca Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium indicum Jayachandran & Joseph, 1986 胖掌沼虾 Macrobrachium inflatum Liang & Yan, 1985 Macrobrachium inpa Kensley & Walker, 1982 海岛沼虾 Macrobrachium insulare (Parisi, 1919) Macrobrachium irwini Kunjulakshmi, Santos & Prakash, 2022 Macrobrachium jacatepecense Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011 Macrobrachium jacobsoni Holthuis, 1950 大和沼虾 Macrobrachium japonicum (De Haan, 1849)，和沼虾 嘉罗沼虾 Macrobrachium jaroense (Cowles, 1914) Macrobrachium jayasreei Jayachandran & Raji, 2005 Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) 江西沼虾 Macrobrachium jiangxiense Liang & Yan, 1985 Macrobrachium johnsoni Ravindranath, 1979 Macrobrachium joppae Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium kelianense Wowor & Short, 2007 Macrobrachium kempi (Tiwari, 1949) Macrobrachium kistnense (Tiwari, 1952) Macrobrachium kiukianense (Yu, 1931) Macrobrachium koombooloomba Short, 2004 Macrobrachium koreana De Kwon, 1984 Macrobrachium kulkarnii Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006 Macrobrachium kunjuramani Jayachandran & Raji, 2005 Macrobrachium lamarrei H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 Macrobrachium lanatum Cai & Ng, 2002 Macrobrachium lanceifrons (Dana, 1852) Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911) 貪食沼蝦 Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798) 阔指沼虾 Macrobrachium latidactylus (Thallwitz, 1891) 宽掌沼虾 Macrobrachium latimanus (von Martens, 1868) 光滑沼虾 Macrobrachium laevis Zheng, Chen & Guo, 2019 大屿沼虾 Macrobrachium lantau Chow, Chan & Tsang, 2022 贪食沼虾 Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798) 阔指沼虾 Macrobrachium latidactylus (Thallwitz, 1891) 宽掌沼虾 Macrobrachium latimanus von Martens, 1868，短腕沼虾 拟鳞指沼虾 Macrobrachium lepidactyloides (De Man, 1892) Macrobrachium lepidactylus (Hilgendorf, 1879) Macrobrachium leptodactylus (De Man, 1892) Macrobrachium leucodactylus Wowor & Choy, 2001 凌云沼虾 Macrobrachium lingyunense J. Li, Cai & Clarke, 2006 Macrobrachium lopopodus Wowor & Choy, 2001 Macrobrachium lorentzi (Roux, 1921) Macrobrachium lucifugum Holthuis, 1974 Macrobrachium lujae (De Man, 1912) Macrobrachium macrobrachion (Herklots, 1851) 斑节沼虾 Macrobrachium maculatum Liang & Yan, 1980 Macrobrachium madhusoodani Unnikrishnan, P. M. Pillai & Jayachandran, 2011 Macrobrachium malayanum (Roux, 1935) Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1844) 乳指沼虾 Macrobrachium mammillodactylus (Thallwitz, 1892) Macrobrachium manipurense (Tiwari, 1952) Macrobrachium manningi Pereira & Lasso, 2007 Macrobrachium mazatecum Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011 南方沼虾 Macrobrachium meridionale Liang & Yan, 1983 Macrobrachium michoacanus Villalobos Hiriart & Nates Rodriguez, 1990 Macrobrachium microps Holthuis, 1978 Macrobrachium mieni Đăng, 1975 Macrobrachium minutum (Roux, 1917) Macrobrachium miyakoense Komai & Fujita, 2005 Macrobrachium moorei (Calman, 1899) Macrobrachium naiyanetri Siriwut Macrobrachium naso (Kemp, 1918) Macrobrachium nattereri (Heller, 1862) Macrobrachium natulorum Holthuis, 1984 Macrobrachium neglectum (De Man, 1905) Macrobrachium nepalense Kamita, 1974 Macrobrachium niloticum (Roux, 1833) Macrobrachium niphanae Shokita & Takeda, 1989 日本沼虾 Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) Macrobrachium nobilii (Henderson & Matthai, 1910) Macrobrachium novaehollandiae (De Man, 1908) Macrobrachium oaxacae Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011 Macrobrachium occidentale Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium oenone (De Man, 1902) Macrobrachium ohione (Smith, 1874) Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836) Macrobrachium oxyphilus Ng, 1992 Macrobrachium palmopilosum Siriwut Macrobrachium panamense Rathbun, 1912 Macrobrachium panhai Chaowvieng & Siriwut, 2024 Macrobrachium pantanalense dos Santos, Hayd & Anger, 2013 Macrobrachium patheinense Phone & Suzuki, 2004 Macrobrachium patsa (Coutière, 1899) Macrobrachium pectinatum S. Pereira, 1986 Macrobrachium peguense (Tiwari, 1952) 五纹沼虾 Macrobrachium pentazona He, Gao & Guo, 2009 Macrobrachium petersii (Hilgendorf, 1879) Macrobrachium petiti (Roux, 1934) Macrobrachium petronioi Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986 Macrobrachium phongnhaense (Tu & Cuong, 2015) Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man, 1879) Macrobrachium pilosum Cai & Dai, 1999 热带沼虾 Macrobrachium placidulum (De Man, 1892) Macrobrachium placidum (De Man, 1892) Macrobrachium platycheles Ou & Yeo, 1995 Macrobrachium platyrostris (Tiwari, 1952) Macrobrachium poeti Holthuis, 1984 Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880) Macrobrachium praecox (Roux, 1928) Macrobrachium puberimanus Siriwut Macrobrachium pumilum S. Pereira, 1986 Macrobrachium purpureamanus Wowor, 1999 Macrobrachium quelchi (De Man, 1900) Macrobrachium raridens (Hilgendorf, 1893) Macrobrachium rathbunae Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium reyesi S. Pereira, 1986 Macrobrachium rhodochir Ng, 1995 Macrobrachium rodriguezi S. Pereira, 1986 Macrobrachium rogersi (Tiwari, 1952) 淡水長臂大蝦 Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)，罗氏沼虾 Macrobrachium rostratum X. Wang, 1997 Macrobrachium rostrolevatus Chaowvieng & Siriwut, 2024 Macrobrachium rude (Heller, 1862) Macrobrachium sabanus Ng, 1994 Macrobrachium saengphani Saengphan, Panijpan, Senapin, Suksomnit & Phiwsaiya, 2020 Macrobrachium saigonense Nguyên, 2006 Macrobrachium sankolli Jalihal & Shenoy in Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988 Macrobrachium santanderensis Garcia-Perez & Villamizar, 2009 Macrobrachium sbordonii Mejía-Ortíz, Baldari & López-Mejía, 2008 糙指沼虾 Macrobrachium scabriculum (Heller, 1862) Macrobrachium scorteccii Maccagno, 1961 邵氏沼虾 Macrobrachium shaoi Cai & Jeng, 2001 Macrobrachium shokitai Fujino & Baba, 1973 Macrobrachium sintangense (De Man, 1898) Macrobrachium sirindhorn Naiyanetr, 2001 Macrobrachium siwalikense (Tiwari, 1952) Macrobrachium sollaudii (De Man, 1912) Macrobrachium spelaeus Cai & Vidthayanon, 2016 附刺沼蝦 Macrobrachium spinipes (Schenkel, 1902)，刺足沼虾 Macrobrachium spinosum Cai & Ng, 2001 Macrobrachium srilankense Costa, 1979 Macrobrachium striatum N. N. Pillai, 1991 Macrobrachium sulcatus (Henderson & Matthai, 1910) Macrobrachium sulcicarpale Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium sundaicum (Heller, 1862) Macrobrachium suongae Nguyên, 2003 细螯沼虾 Macrobrachium superbum (Heller, 1862) Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) 细足沼虾 Macrobrachium tenuipes Zhou, Chen, Zheng, Chen & Guo, 2020 Macrobrachium tenuirostrum X. Wang, 1997 Macrobrachium thai Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004 Macrobrachium therezieni Holthuis, 1965 Macrobrachium thuylami Nguyên, 2006 Macrobrachium thysi Powell, 1980 Macrobrachium tiwarii Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988 Macrobrachium tolmerum Riek, 1951 Macrobrachium totonacum Mejía, Alvarez & Hartnoll, 2003 Macrobrachium transandicum Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium tratense Cai, Naiyanetr & Ng, 2004 毛指沼虾 Macrobrachium trichodactylum Liang, Liu & Chen in Li, Liu, Liang & Chen, 2007 Macrobrachium tuxtlaense Villalobos & Alvarez, 1999 Macrobrachium unikarnatakae Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988 Macrobrachium urayang Wowor & Short, 2007 Macrobrachium veliense Jayachandran & Joseph, 1985 美丽沼虾 Macrobrachium venustum (Parisi, 1919) Macrobrachium vicconi Román, Ortega & Mejía, 2000 越南沼虾 Macrobrachium vietnamiense Đăng in Đăng & B. Y. Nguyên, 1972 Macrobrachium villalobosi H. H. Hobbs Jr., 1973 Macrobrachium villosimanus (Tiwari, 1949) Macrobrachium vollenhoveni (Herklots, 1857) Macrobrachium walvanense Almelkar, Jalihal & Sankolli, 1999 Macrobrachium wannanense Dai & Tan, 1993 Macrobrachium weberi (De Man, 1892) Macrobrachium xmas Fujita, Davie & Ng.,2015 喻氏沼虾 Macrobrachium yui Holthuis, 1950 Macrobrachium zariquieyi Holthuis, 1949 Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868. GBIF. [2023-06-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-16）.  Luis M. Mejía-Ortíz & Marilú López-Mejía. Freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) with abbreviated development from the Papaloapan River Basin, Veracruz, Mexico: distribution and new species. Crustaceana. 2011, 84 (8): 949–973. doi:10.1163/001121611X579754.  Warut Siriwut, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Somsak Panha, Ratmanee Chanabun, Peng Bun Ngor and Chirasak Sutcharit. 2021. Evidence of Cryptic Diversity in Freshwater Macrobrachium Prawns from Indochinese Riverine Systems revealed by DNA Barcode, Species Delimitation and Phylogenetic Approaches. PLoS ONE. 16(6): e0252546. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252546 K. Kunjulakshmi, MacLean Antony Santos and S. Prakash. 2022. Macrobrachium irwini sp. nov., A New Species of Freshwater Shrimp from Western Ghats, India (Caridea: Palaemonidae). Zootaxa. 5194(3); 416-425. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.3.5 Ana Luiza Vera-Silva, Fabrício L. Carvalho and Fernando Luis Mantelatto. 2017. Redescription of the Freshwater Shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) (Caridea, Palaemonidae). Zootaxa. 4269(1); 44–60. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.1.2 Warut Siriwut, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Somsak Panha, Ratmanee Chanabun and Chirasak Sutcharit. 2020. Molecular Phylogeny and Species Delimitation of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium pilimanus Species Group, with Descriptions of Three New Species from Thailand. PeerJ. 8:e10137. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10137 Apisara Chaowvieng, Chirasak Sutcharit, Ratmanee Chanabun, Ruttapon Srisonchai, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul and Warut Siriwut. 2024. Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomic Position of Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911), with Descriptions of Two New Species from Thailand (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae). ZooKeys. 1190: 163-193. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1190.113898 Antonina dos Santos, Liliam Hayd & Klaus Anger. A new species of Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) M. pantanalense, from the Pantanal, Brazil. Zootaxa. 2013, 3700 (4): 534–546. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3700.4.2.  Nukul Saengphan, Bhinyo Panijpan, Saengchan Senapin, Auaree Suksomnit and Kornsunee Phiwsaiya. 2020. Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Macrobrachium saengphani sp. nov. (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Northern Thailand. Zootaxa. 4868(4); 531–542. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4868.4.4 Yixiong Cai and Chavalit Vidthayanon. 2016. Macrobrachium spelaeus, A New Species of Stygobitic Freshwater Prawn from Thailand (Decapoda: Palaemonidae). RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 64: 117–122. Shy, J.Y., Wowor, D. and Ng, P.K.L. 2013. A New Record of the Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium spinipes (Schenkel, 1902) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Taiwan, with notes on its taxonomy. Zootaxa. 3734(1): 45-55. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3734.1.5 Xiao-Ping Zhou, Qing-Hua Chen, Xiao-Zhuang Zheng, Wen-Jian Chen and Zhao-Liang Guo. 2020. Macrobrachium tenuipes, A New Stygophile Freshwater Prawn Species (Crustacea: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from A Karst Cave of Guangxi, southwestern China. Zootaxa. 4759(4); 511–529. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.3 Yoshihisa Fujita, Peter J. F. Davie and Peter K. L. Ng. 2015. A New Stygobitic Prawn of the Genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1864, from Anchialine Caves in Christmas Island, Indian Ocean; with A Rediagnosis of M. miyakoense Komai & Fujita, 2005 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae). RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 63: 610–625. 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：沼蝦屬 （英文）Macrobrachium