鳖甲蜗牛科

鳖甲蜗牛科（學名：Helicarionidae），又名勇蜗科，鳖甲螺科，是一個由陸地上的蝸牛及半蛞蝓（英语：Semi-slug）組成的科，皆為真有肺類柄眼類支序的成員，屬於鳖甲蜗牛總科（Helicarionoidea）。 本科物種分佈於古北界東部，马尔加什（英语：Malagasy Republic）（馬達加斯加、留尼汪及科摩羅）、印度、東南亞及澳大利亞。 本科的蝸牛都會在交配時伸出幾丁質的交配器戀矢（love dart）插進對方的生殖孔，以交換精子。 此外，本科物種的單倍體染色體介乎21到30之間。 本科包括以下属： Advena Gude, 1913 Aenigmatoconcha C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2017 Aenigmatoconcha clivicola C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2017 Aenigmatoconcha eunetis Pholyotha & Panha, 2021 Aenigmatoconcha mitis (L.Pfeiffer, 1863) Aenigmatoconcha sumonthai C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2018 Amenixesta Iredale, 1941 Amenixesta fifensis Iredale, 1941 Amenixesta hunsteini (E.A.Smith, 1887) Antiquarion Stanisic, 2010 Antiquarion boondah Hyman & Köhler, 2020 Antiquarion chooreechillum Hyman & Köhler, 2020 Antiquarion collinsae J.Stanisic, 2010 Antiquarion evelynensis Hyman & Köhler, 2020 Antiquarion limbus Hyman & Köhler, 2020 Antiquarion occultus Hyman & Köhler, 2020 Antiquarion ravenshoe Hyman & Köhler, 2020 Antiquarion swausi Hyman & Köhler, 2020 Apothapsia D.T.Holyoak & G.A.Holyoak, 2020 Attenborougharion Hyman & Köhler, 2017 奥氏蛞蝓属 Austenia G.Nevill, 1878 Bathia Robson, 1914 Belopygmaeus Solem, 1989 Belopygmeus Baker, 1938 Brevisentis Hyman, 2007 Buffetia Iredale, 1945 Burmochlamys Pholyotha & Panha, 2022 Burnettia Stanisic, 2010 Caldwellia H.Adams, 1873 Caracolla Ehrenberg, 1831 疑难螺属 Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 黑线小鳖甲蜗牛 Chalepotaxis spadix cinctus Colmanarion Stanisic, 2010 隐奥氏蛞蝓属 Cryptaustenia Cockerell, 1891 Ctenoglypta Ancey, 1904 Ctenophila Ancey, 1882 Cucullarion Stanisic, 1998 Dancea Zilch, 1960 Dedrolamellaria Delinitesta Iredale, 1933 Dendrolamellaria Preston, 1913 Dendronitor Iredale, 1933 Dupontia Godwin-Austen, 1908 小杜螺属 Durgella W.T.Blanford, 1863 Durgella aborense Godwin-Austen, 1916 Durgella assamica Gondwin-Austen, 1881 Durgella birmanica (Pfeiffer, 1847) Durgella christianae (Theobald, 1864) Durgella concinna Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908 Durgella densestriata Vermeulen, T.-S.Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015 Durgella dwipana (Gude, 1903) Durgella edeana Godwin-Austen, 1910 Durgella erratica (Godwin-Austen, 1888) Durgella hosei Godwin-Austen, 1891 Durgella khasiaca Godwin-Austen, 1883 Durgella kumahensis (Theobald & Stoliczka, 1872) Durgella levicula (W.H.Benson, 1859) Durgella libas Solem, 1966 Durgella mairangensis Godwin-Austen, 1898 Durgella naharaniensis Godwin-Austen, 1914 Durgella nulla Pholyotha & Panha, 2024 Durgella pentata Pholyotha & Panha, 2024 Durgella rhaphiellus (E.von Martens, 1867) Durgella rogersi Godwin-Austen, 1907 Durgella russeola (Morelet, 1865) Durgella salius (W.H.Benson, 1859) Durgella seposita (W.H.Benson, 1859) Durgella siamensis Möllendorff, 1902 Durgella sundana B.Rensch, 1930 Durgellina Thiele, 1928 Echonitor Iredale, 1937 Eddiella Stanisic, 2010 Einasleighana Stanisic, 2010 Elatonitor Stanisic, 2010 Ellarion Iredale, 1941 Epiglypta Pilsbry, 1893 Erepta Albers, 1850 Eufretum H.B.Baker, 1941 Eurychlamys Godwin-Austen, 1899 Expocystis Iredale, 1937 Fastosarion Iredale, 1933 Fenestrarion Stanisic, 2010 Fijia Gude, 1913 吉拉蛞蝓属 Girasia Gray, 1855 Gudeconcha Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1944 Haleakala Baker, 1940 Harmogenanina Germain, 1918 勇蜗属 Helicarion Férussac, 1821 Hiloaa Baker, 1940 Hiona Cooke, 1940 Hionarion Baker, 1940 Hionella Baker, 1940 Holkeion Godwin-Austen, 1908 Howearion Iredale, 1944 伊比蛞蝓属 Ibycus Heynemann, 1863 小玉蜗牛 Ibycus hiraseanus Insulorbis Baker, 1940 Irenella Gude, 1913 Kalidos Gude, 1911 Kermarion Iredale, 1944 Kipua Baker, 1940 Laconia Gray, 1855 Laocaia Kuzminykh, 1999 Levidens Hyman, 2007 Limpidarion Hyman & Köhler, 2020 Luinarion Iredale, 1933 Malandena Iredale, 1933 Mauka Baker, 1940 Medyla Martens, 1860 Minororbis Baker, 1940 Mistarion Iredale, 1941 Montanocystis Stanisic, 2010 Muangnua Solem, 1966 Mysticarion Iredale, 1941 Nesaecia Gude, 1911 Nesarion Baker, 1940 Nesocyclus Baker, 1940 Nesonanina C.R.Boettger, 1918 Neutra Baker, 1940 Nitor Gude, 1911 Nukupiena Baker, 1940 Oafatua Baker, 1940 Opara Baker, 1940 圓鱉甲蝸牛屬 Ovachlamys Habe, 1946 Pachystyla Mörch, 1852 Palmervillea Stanisic, 2010 Panulena Parmacochlea E.A.Smith, 1884 Parmavitrina Iredale, 1937 Parmella H.Adams, 1867 Parmellops Iredale, 1944 Peloparion Iredale, 1937 Periclocystis Iredale, 1937 扁楯蛞蝓属 Petalochlamys Godwin-Austen, 1907，叶楯蛞蝓属 Pitcairnia Baker, 1940 Pittoconcha Preston, 1913 Plegma Gude, 1911 Pravonitor Iredale, 1937 Pseudaustenia Cockerell, 1891 Pseudoguppya Baker, 1925 Pseudophasis Germain, 1918 Pseudosaphtia de Winter, 2008 Pseudosesara Solem, 1962 Quirosella Clench, 1958 Rapafila Baker, 1940 曙螺属 Rasama Laidlaw, 1932 Rhadella Godwin-Austen, 1914 Rhyssotopsis Ancey, 1887 若通螺属 Rotungia Godwin-Austen, 1918 Saphtia de Winter, 2008 Satiella W.T.Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908 Sesara Martens, 1860 Sheaia Hyman, 2007 Sigaloeista Shea & Griffiths, 2010 昔塔螺属 Sitala H.Adams, 1865 Sitalarion H.B.Baker, 1941 Sivella W.T.Blanford, 1863 Sodaleta Iredale, 1937 Sophina Benson, 1859 Stanisicarion Hyman & Ponder, 2010 Tarocystis Iredale, 1937 Teraia Solem, 1966 Thularion Stanisic, 1993 Torrecystis Stanisic, 2010 Tropicystis Stanisic, 2010 Uafatua Baker, 1940 Uapuneutra Baker, 1940 Ubiquitarion Hyman, Lamborena & Köhler, 2017 Urazirochlamys Habe, 1946 Vanmolia de Winter, 2008 Vercularion Iredale, 1933 Waihoua Baker, 1940 Westracystis Iredale, 1939 Zagmena Iredale, 1941 The following two subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): 亚科 Helicarioninae Bourguignat, 1877 - synonyms: Pseudotrochatellinae A. J. Wagner, 1905; Ereptinae Godwin-Austen, 1908; Xestinae Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921; Sesarinae Thiele, 1931; Nitoridae Iredale, 1937; Epiglyptidae Iredale, 1944; Gudeoconchidae Iredale, 1944 亚科 Durgellinae Godwin-Austen, 1888 族 Durgellini Godwin-Austen, 1888 - synonyms: Sitalinae Godwin-Austen, 1900; Sophininae W. Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908; Satiellini Schileyko, 2003 族 Girasiini Collinge, 1902 下列本科所有的屬： Epiglypta Pilsbry, 1893 Erepta Albers, 1850 Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1914 Helicarion Férussac, 1821 - type genus of the family Helicarionidae Nitor Gude, 1911 Pseudotrochatella G. Nevill, 1881 Sesara Albers, 1860 Wilhelminaia Preston, 1913 Xesta Albers, 1850 族 Durgellini Durgella Blanford, 1863 - type genus of the subfamily Durgellinae Satiella Godwin-Austen, 1908 Sitala H. Adams, 1865 Sophina Benson, 1859 族 Girasiini Girasia Gray, 1855 - 本族的模式属 Advena Atrichotoxon Buffetia Diastole Dolapex Elisolimax Harmogenanina Iredaleoconcha 恰里螺属 Kaliella Lutilodix Mathewsoconcha Mysticarion Nancibella 圓鱉甲蝸牛屬 Ovachlamys Habe, 1946， 卵楯蛞蝓属 Panulena Philonesia Pittoconcha Quintalia Ryssota Thapsia Trichotoxon Zingis 以下的系统发生学分支图顯示了根據Hausdorf (2000)所描述蛞蝓下目各科之間的親緣關係： Bourguignat J. R. (1877). "Description de deux nouveaux genres algériens, suive d'une classification des families et des genres de Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du système européen". Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Toulouse 3(1): 49-101. page 64. 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁體））.  Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.  Hausdorf, B. Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal. Journal of Biogeography. 2000, 27 (2): 379–390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x （英语）.  記用蝸牛來作實驗. 2013-07-19 （中文（繁體））.  G. M. Barker. The Biology of Terrestrial Molluscs. CABI. 2001: 139. ISBN 978-0-85199-318-8.  Chanidaporn Tumpeesuwan and Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan. 2017. Discovery of An Overlooked Helicarionid Land Snail (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae) from northeastern Thailand, with Description of A New Genus and New Species, and Note on Radula Morphology and Genital System. RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 65; 181–188. Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Piyoros Tongkerd and Somsak Panha. 2021. Systematic Revision of the Limestone Karst-restricted Land Snail Genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with Description of A New Species. European Journal of Taxonomy. 767(1), 55-82. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487 Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Ngwe Lwin and Panha Somsak. 2024. Unveiling the Diversity of the Semislug Gnus Durgella Blanford, 1863 (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae) from Thailand and Myanmar, with Description of Two New Species. Zool Stud. 63:14. DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-14. Wagner A. J. (1905). Denkschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 77: 365. Godwin-Austen H. H. (1908). "On the Animals of Genera and Species of Mascarene Land-Mollusca belonging to the family Zonitidae, collected by Monsieur E. Dupont". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)2: 422-436. 432. Plate 9-11. Gude G. P. L. K. & Woodward B. B. (1921). "On Helicella, Férussac". Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 14(5-6): 174-190. page 185. Thiele (1931). Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde 1(2): 620. Iredale T. (1937). The Australian Zoologist 9(1): 2. Iredale T. (1944). The Australian Zoologist 10(3): page 326 and page 328. Godwin-Austen H. H. (1888). Land and freshwater Mollusca of India 1(6): 253. Godwin-Austen H. H. (1900). In: Sykes Mollusca. In: Sharp (ed.) Fauna Hawaiiensis 2(4): 283. Blanford W. T. & Godwin-Austen H. H. (1908). The fauna of British India. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae, page 283. Schileyko (2003). Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, part 10: 1319. Collinge (1902). The Journal of Malacology 9(3): 71, 73. {{cite journal |last=Ho |first=Wai Hoong |title=A Review Of The Land-Snail Fauna of Singapore |journal=[[The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=1995 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=91-113 |url=http://malaypeninsularsnail.myspecies.info/node/30 |language=en |access-date=2017-02-16 |archive-date=2017-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216224248/http://malaypeninsularsnail.myspecies.info/node/30 |dead-url=no }} 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：鳖甲蜗牛科 維基物種上的相關信息：鳖甲蜗牛科 Helicarionidae. NCBI （英语）.  Video of a Helicarionid in Sulawesi （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）