顯帶目

顯帶目（學名：Valvatida），又名有瓣目、瓣海星目，是海星綱之下的一個目，包括有695個種，可分為172個屬、17個科。 顯帶目物種間的大小差異頗大，從小到直徑數毫米的Asterina到75厘米的Thromidia。幾乎本目的所有物種均有五條臂。 根據WoRMS，顯帶目包括下列各個科： 長棘海星科 Acanthasteridae Gervais（英语：Paul Gervais (zoologiste)）, 1841 Archasteridae Viguier, 1878 Asterinidae Gray, 1840 Asterodiscididae Rowe, 1977 Asteropseidae Hotchkiss & Clark, 1976 Chaetasteridae Sladen, 1889 Ganeriidae Sladen, 1889 角海星科 Goniasteridae Forbes, 1841 Akelbaster Mah, 2007 Anchitosia Mah, 2007 Anthenoides Perrier, 1881 Apollonaster Halpern, 1970 Asteriaceros Valette, 1934 Asteriastoma Breton, 1992 Astroceramus Fisher, 1906 Astroceramus boninensis Kogure & Tachikawa, 2009 Astroceramus brachyactis H.L.Clark, 1941 Astroceramus cadessus Macan, 1938 Astroceramus callimorphus Fisher, 1906 Astroceramus denticulatus McKnight, 2006 Astroceramus eldredgei Mah, 2015 Astroceramus eleaumei Mah, 2018 Astroceramus fisheri Koehler, 1909 Astroceramus kintana Mah, 2018 Astroceramus lionotus Fisher, 1913 Astroceramus sphaeriostictus Fisher, 1913 Astrogonium Müller & Troschel, 1842 Astropatricia McKnight, 2006 Atelorias Fisher, 1911 Atheraster Mah, 2022 Bathyceramaster Mah, 2016 Bathyceramaster careyi Mah, 2016 Bathyceramaster elegans (Ludwig, 1905) Bathyceramaster inornata Mah, 2022 Rhianastra isosceles Mah, 2024 Bathyceramaster kelliottae Mah, 2024 Bathyceramaster smithi (Fisher, 1913) Bathyceramaster teres Mah, 2022 Bathyferdina Mah, 2017 Bugarachaster Breton, 1992 Caletaster Breton, 1979 Calliaster Gray, 1840 Calliderma Gray, 1847 Capellia Blake & Reid, 1998 Cenomanaster Wright, 1951 Ceramaster Verrill, 1899 Ceremaster Chitonaster Sladen, 1889 Chomataster Spencer, 1914 Circeaster Koehler, 1909 Cladaster Verrill, 1899 Codellaster Blake & Kues, 2002 Comptonia Gray, 1840 Comptoniaster Breton, 1984 Cottreauaster Wright, 1951 Crateraster Spencer, 1914 Cymbaster Breton & Neraudeau, 2008 Diplasiaster Halpern, 1970 Eknomiaster H.E.S.Clark, 2001 Enigmaster McKnight & H.E.S.Clark, 1996 Eosaster Mah, 2017 Eratosaster Mah, 2011 Evoplosoma Fisher, 1906 Ferdina Gray, 1840 Floriaster Downey, 1980 Fomalhautia Blake & Reid, 1998 Forbesiaster de Loriol, 1909 Formalhautia Blake & Reid, 1998 Fredaster Breton & Neraudeau, 2008 Fromia Gray, 1840 Gigantaster Döderlein, 1924 Gilbertaster Fisher, 1906 Glyphodiscus Fisher, 1917 Goniaster L.Agassiz, 1836 Goniodiscaster H.L.Clark, 1909 Haccourtaster Jagt, 2000 Hessaster Gale, 2011 Hippasteria Gray, 1840 Huroeaster Valette, 1914 Iconaster Sladen, 1889 Indiaster Rao, 1957 Iphiaster Mah, 2018 Johannaster Koehler, 1909 Kanakaster Mah, 2017 Kermitaster H.E.S.Clark, 2001 Leioastra Mah, 2018 Leptaster Loriol, 1880 Leptogonium Pomel, 1887 Lithosoma Fisher, 1911 Litonotaster Verrill, 1899 Lydiaster Koehler, 1909 Mabahissaster Macan, 1938 Mariaster A.H.Clark, 1916 Marocaster Blake & Reboul, 2011 Mastaster Mercier, 1935 Mediaster Stimpson, 1857 Metopaster Sladen, 1893 Milteliphaster Alcock, 1893 Miopentagonaster Mercier, 1935 Mitraster Sladen, 1893 Nectria Gray, 1840 Neoferdina Livingstone, 1931 Notioceramus Fisher, 1940 Noviaster Valette, 1929 Nymphaster Sladen, 1889 Ocalaster Blake & Portell, 2009 Ogmaster von Martens, 1865 Okeanosaster Mah, 2022 Ophryaster Spencer, 1914 Oyenaster Blake & Portell, 2009 Pachyaster de Loriol, 1909 Paraferdina James, 1973 Paragonaster Parametopaster Breton, 1992 Pawsonaster Mah, 2007 Peedeeaster Mah, 2022 Peltaster Verrill, 1899 Pentagonaster Gray, 1840 Pergamaster Koehler, 1920 Pillsburiaster Halpern, 1970 Plinthaster Verrill, 1899 Pontioceramus Fisher, 1911 Progoniaster Döderlein, 1924 Pseudoceramaster Jangoux, 1981 Pseudogoniodiscaster Livingstone, 1930 Pulcinellaster Breton, 1992 Pycinaster Spencer, 1905 Pycnaster Sladen, 1891 Recurvaster Nielsen, 1943 Rosaster Perrier, 1894 Ryukuaster Mah, 2007 Sibogaster Döderlein, 1924 Siraster H.L.Clark, 1915 Spenceraster Lambert, 1913 Spenceria Fourtau, 1914 Sphaeriodicus Sphaeriodiscus Fisher, 1910 Stellaster Gray, 1840 Stellasteropsis Dollfus, 1936 Sthenaster Mah, Nizinski & Lundsten, 2010 Styphlaster H.L.Clark, 1938 Sucia Blake, 1973 Talecaster Breton, 1992 Teichaster Spencer, 1914 Tesselaster Clark, 1941 Tessellaster H.L.Clark, 1941 Tomidaster Sladen, 1891 Toraster A.M.Clark, 1952 Tosia Gray, 1840 Trachyaster Spencer, 1914 Tylasteria Valette, 1930 Wallastra Mah, 2018 Weitschataster Neumann & Girod, 2018 Leilasteridae Jangoux & Aziz, 1988 Mithrodiidae Viguier, 1878 Odontasteridae Verrill, 1899 蛇星科 Ophidiasteridae Verrill, 1870 瘤星科 Oreasteridae Fisher, 1911 Podosphaerasteridae Fujita & Rowe, 2002 Poraniidae Perrier, 1875 Solasteridae Viguier, 1878 †Sphaerasteridae Schöndorf, 1906 棘冠海星 (Acanthaster planci) Asterina miniata Certonardoa semiregularis Choriaster granulatus 面包海星 (Culcita novaeguineae) Linckia laevigata Mediaster aequalis. Pentagonaster dubeni Red-knobbed starfish (Protoreaster linckii) Valvaster striatus Mah, Christopher. Valvatida. WoRMS. 2013 [2014-01-20] –通过WoRMS.  Mah, C.; Hansson, H. Mah CL , 编. Valvatida. World Asteroidea database. 2013 [2014-01-20] –通过WoRMS.  Christopher L. Mah. 2018. New Genera, Species and Occurrence Records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa. 4539(1); 1–116. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4539.1.1 Christopher L. Mah. 2024. Two New Taxa of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) and Noteworthy Observations of Deep-Sea Asteroidea by the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer in the North and Tropical Atlantic. Zootaxa. 5432(4); 461-508. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.4.2 Template:Iw-ref Burchett M, Dando M, Waller G; SeaLife: A Complete Guide to the Marine Environment; Smithsonian Institution Press, USA; ISBN 1-56098-633-6, 1996. Asteroidea. Tree of Life. [2014-02-04]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-24）.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：顯帶目