印度豬籠草

印度豬籠草（学名：Nepenthes khasiana），又名卡西豬籠草，是印度特有的热带食虫植物。其种加词来源于卡西丘陵。其被认为是以其蓝色的荧光来吸引猎物的。 印度豬籠草分布局限，在野外非常罕见。仅存在于嘉润地区（Jarain）的贾因蒂亚丘陵（Jaintia Hills）及巴马拉地区（Baghmara）的加罗丘陵，其与梅加拉亚邦的卡西丘陵相邻。 卡西人稱其為“tiew-rakot”，意为“恶魔之花”或“吞噬植物”，贾因蒂亚人稱其為“kset phare”，意为“有盖的捕蝇网”。加罗人则称其为“memang-koksi”，意为“恶魔的篮子”。 印度豬籠草与马来王猪笼草（N. rajah）一起被列入《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》的附錄一中。 2010年，珍稀猪笼草采集（Rare Nepenthes Collection）项目成立，以保护4种极其濒危的猪笼草属物种：马兜铃猪笼草（N. aristolochioides）、圆盾猪笼草（N. clipeata）、印度猪笼草和硬叶猪笼草（N. rigidifolia）。 印度猪笼草的种加词在一些早先的文章中写为“khasyana”。这种写法在约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克1873年的专著《猪笼草》中就已出现了，之后又出现于马克斯韦尔·T·马斯特斯在1872年4月20日《园丁纪事与农业公报》的文章中。在19世纪后期的园艺贸易中，印度猪笼草常与滴液猪笼草（N. distillatoria）混淆。 印度猪笼草的中位笼 印度猪笼草的上位笼 Appendices I, II and III （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. CITES. （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105. 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 58. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.  Kurup, R., A.J. Johnson, S. Sankar, A.A. Hussain, C.S. Kumar & S. Baby 2013. Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants. Plant Biology 15(3): 611–615. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x Bhau, B.S., K. Medhi, T. Sarkar & S.P. Saikia 2009. PCR based molecular characterization of Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f.—pitcher plant. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56(8): 1183–1193. doi:10.1007/s10722-009-9444-0 Flora of Meghalaya （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） National Informatics Centre, Meghalaya State Centre. Ziemer, B. 2010. Exciting conservation news: the Rare Nepenthes Collection project! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 39(3): 67. Nepenthes clipeata （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Ark of Life. Bourke, G. 2010. A new conservation initiative: the Rare Nepenthes Collection project.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(2): 5–6. Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360. Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542. Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749. Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143. Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354. Ahmed, M. 2010. Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f. (Endemic). In: Medicinal Plants. MJP Publishers, Chennai. Bahadur, V., K.S. Kirad, A. Mathew & D.B. Singh 2008. Tissue culture studies in Nepenthes khasiana （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 786: 287–293. Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x Bordoloi, R.P.M. 1977. The Pitcher Plant: Nepenthes khasiana. Carnivorous plants of North East India I. Dutta Baruah, Gauhati. Brown, J. 2013. Nepenthes khasiana's chitin-induced pitcher liquid: a potential treatment for opportunistic fungal infection. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(2): 62–65. Eilenberg, H., S. Pnini-Cohen, S. Schuster, A. Movtchan & A. Zilberstein 2006. Isolation and characterization of chitinase genes from pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes khasiana. Journal of Experimental Botany 57(11): 2775–2784. doi:10.1093/jxb/erl048 Eilenberg, H., S. Pnini-Cohen, Y. Rahamim, E. Sionov, E. Segal, S. Carmeli & A. Zilberstein 2010. Induced production of antifungal naphthoquinones in the pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes khasiana. Journal of Experimental Botany 61(3): 911–922. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp359 Jain, S.K. & A.K. Baishya 1977. Nepenthes khasiana: an endangered species. Hornbill: 17–18. Jebb, M. & Cheek, M. 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106. Joseph, J. & K.M. Joseph 1986. Insectivorous Plants of Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India: A Preliminary Survey. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Latha, P.G. & S. Seeni 1994. Multiplication of the endangered Indian pitcher plant (Nepenthes khasiana) through enhanced axillary branching in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 38(1): 69–71. doi:10.1007/BF00034447 Mandal, B. & A. Mukherjee 2011. Nepenthes khasiana: the pitcher plant needs attention for conservation.PDF Current Science 100(6): 807. Mao, A.A. & P. Kharbuli 2002. Distribution and status of Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f.—a rare endemic pitcher plant of Meghalaya, India. Phytotaxonomy 2: 77–83. Mao, A.A. & R.A. Ranyaphi 2007. Seed viability studies in Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f.: comparison of in vivo and in vitro seed germination. In: Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49(1–4): 1–246. Meimberg, H., P. Dittrich, G. Bringmann, J. Schlauer & G. Heubl 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Caryophyllidae s.l. based on matK sequences with special emphasis on carnivorous taxa. Plant Biology 2(2): 218–228. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9460 Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897 （德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich. Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676 Mukerjee, A., D.P. Dam & N. Dam 1984. Pitcher plant—an ornamental climber of Meghalaya. Ind. Hort. April–June 1: 6–18. Raj, G., R. Kurup, A.A. Hussain & S. Baby 2011. Distribution of naphthoquinones, plumbagin, droserone, and 5-O-methyl droserone in chitin-induced and uninduced Nepenthes khasiana: molecular events in prey capture. Journal of Experimental Botany 62(15): 5429–5436. doi:10.1093/jxb/err219 Rao, T.A., P.G. Shanware & G.N. Tribedi 1969. A note on the pitcher plant habitat in Assam. Indian Forester 95(9): 611–613. Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2012. Molecular and functional evolution of class I chitinases for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29(10): 2971–2985. doi:10.1093/molbev/mss106 Riedel, M., A. Eichner, H. Meimberg & R. Jetter 2007. Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on the slippery zone in pitchers of five Nepenthes species and hybrids. Planta 225(6): 1517–1534. doi:10.1007/s00425-006-0437-3 Shil, D., J.P. Mohanty, T. Das, N.R. Bhuyan, T. Uriah & T.S.M. Saleem 2010. Protective role of pitcher of Nepenthes khasiana Hook against dexamethazone induced hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1(2): 195–198. Shil, D., T.S.M. Saleem, P. Deb & M. Basak 2010. The effect of leaf of Nepenthes khasiana Hook on dexamethazone induced diabetes mellitus.PDF Global Journal of Pharmacology 4(2): 62–65. Slack, A. 1979. Nepenthes khasiana. In: Carnivorous Plants. Ebury Press, London. p. 86. Subramanyam, K. & L.L. Narayana 1971. A contribution to the floral anatomy of Nepenthes khasiana Hook f.. Proceedings: Plant Sciences 73(3): 124–131. doi:10.1007/BF03045312 （俄文） Vassilyev, A.E. 2006. Ультраструктура и субклеточные механизмы функционирования пищеварительных железок плотоядного растения Nepenthes khasiana (Nepenthaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal 91(12): 1883–1891. （俄文） Vassilyev, A.E. & L.E. Muravnik 2007. Нектарники крышки в закрытых кувшинах Nepenthes khasiana (Nepenthaceae) секретируют пищеварительную жидкость. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 92(8): 1141–1144. （俄文） Vassilyev, A.E. 2007. Нектарники перистома в закрытых кувшинах Nepenthes khasiana (Nepenthaceae) секретируют полисахаридную слизь. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 92(10): 1554–1568. Venugopal, N. & N.R. Devi 2003. Development of the anther in Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f. (Nepenthaceae), an endemic and endangered insectivorous plant of North East India. Feddes Repertorium 114(1–2): 69–73. doi:10.1002/fedr.200390018 Warwicker, M. 2013. Carnivorous plant species glow blue to lure prey （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. BBC Nature News, February 19, 2013. [Research and Development Centre, Flower Valley Agro-Tech] 2005. Nepenthes khasiana. In: Handbook of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants of North East India. Spectrum Publications, Guwahati. From Carnivorous Plants to the Medicine Cabinet? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） American Friends of Tel Aviv University, February 18, 2010. 食虫植物照片搜寻引擎中印度猪笼草的照片 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 其原生地的视频 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：印度猪笼草 維基物種上的相關信息：印度猪笼草