甲鯰科

甲鯰科（又译作吸甲鯰科、骨甲鯰科；學名：Loricariidae），是輻鰭魚綱鯰形目的中最大的一科，其中大多为原产于南美的淡水鱼。在觀賞魚市場稱之為「異型」的魚種皆屬於這一科，主要分布在勾鯰亞科、下口鯰亞科及甲鯰亞科。 甲鯰科下分103個屬，如下： 大棘甲鯰 Acanthicus adonis Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1988 棘甲鯰 Acanthicus hystrix Spix & Agassiz, 1829 Araichthys loro Zawadzki, Bifi & Mariotto, 2016 亞馬遜河德凱鯰 Dekeyseria amazonica Rapp Py-Daniel, 1985 短尾德凱鯰 Dekeyseria brachyura (Kner, 1854) 雪德凱鯰 Dekeyseria niveata (La Monte, 1929) 鏽色德凱鯰 Dekeyseria picta (Kner, 1854) Cordylancistrus pijao Provenzano & Villa-Navarro, 2017 美麗德凱鯰 Dekeyseria pulchra (Steindachner, 1915) 鏟吻德凱鯰 Dekeyseria scaphirhyncha (Kner, 1854) 阿特拉托河長龜鯰 Dolichancistrus atratoensis (Dahl, 1960) 卡氏長龜鯰 Dolichancistrus carnegiei (Eigenmann, 1916) 委內瑞拉長龜鯰 Dolichancistrus cobrensis (Schultz, 1944) 菲氏長龜鯰 Dolichancistrus fuesslii (Steindachner, 1911) 小鰭長龜鯰 Dolichancistrus pediculatus (Eigenmann, 1918) 多毛長龜鯰 Dolichancistrus setosus (Boulenger, 1887) 大眼甲鉤鯰 Etsaputu relictum Lujan, Armbruster & Rengifo, 2011 纓艷甲鯰 Exastilithoxus fimbriatus (Steindachner, 1915) 霍氏艷甲鯰 Exastilithoxus hoedemani Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1985 三角棘身鈎鯰 Hopliancistrus tricornis Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 高加索毛鈎鯰 Lasiancistrus caucanus 波多黎各毛鈎鯰 Lasiancistrus guacharote 異棘毛鈎鯰 Lasiancistrus heteracanthus 加瑪毛鈎鯰 Lasiancistrus saetiger 舍氏毛鈎鯰 Lasiancistrus schomburgkii 觸手毛鈎鯰 Lasiancistrus tentaculatus 乳色兔甲鯰 Leporacanthicus galaxias 異牙兔甲鯰 Leporacanthicus heterodon 喬氏兔甲鯰 Leporacanthicus joselimai 哥倫比亞兔甲鯰 Leporacanthicus triactis 卡氏滑鰭鯰 Lipopterichthys carrioni Norman, 1935 布氏石鈎鯰 Lithoxus boujardi 博氏石鈎鯰 Lithoxus bovallii 賈氏石鈎鯰 Lithoxus jantjae 南美石鈎鯰 Lithoxus lithoides 蒼斑石鈎鯰 Lithoxus pallidimaculatus 普氏石鈎鯰 Lithoxus planquettei 斯氏石鈎鯰 Lithoxus stocki 蘇里南石鈎鯰 Lithoxus surinamensis 秘魯硬皮鉤鯰 Loraxichthys lexa Salcedo, 2013 巴爾氏大鈎鯰 Megalancistrus barrae 巴拉拿大鈎鯰 Megalancistrus parananus 範氏細棘鉤鯰 Micracanthicus vandragti Lujan & Armbruster, 2011 短壯尼布鯰 Neblinichthys brevibracchium 棘鼻尼布鯰 Neblinichthys echinasus 刷齒尼布鯰 Neblinichthys peniculatus 多鱗尼布鯰 Neblinichthys pilosus 南美尼布鯰 Neblinichthys roraima 雅氏尼布鯰 Neblinichthys yaravi 斑紋寡鈎鯰 Oligancistrus punctatissimus (Steindachner, 1881) 本屬魚種俗名皆有「皇冠豹」之後綴。 安布拉氏巴拉圭鯰 Panaque armbrusteri 喜淵巴拉圭鯰 Panaque bathyphilus 旋齒巴拉圭鯰 Panaque cochliodon 黑線巴拉圭鯰 Panaque nigrolineatus Panaque nigrolineatus laurafabianae Ortega-Lara & Lujan, 2020 謝弗氏巴拉圭鯰 Panaque schaeferi 藍眼巴拉圭鯰 Panaqua suttonorum 甲鱗巴拉圭鯰 Panaqua titan 橘色副鈎鯰 Parancistrus aurantiacus 裸腹副鈎鯰 Parancistrus nudiventris 喜礫細盾鯰 Paulasquama callis 炭色擬石鈎鯰 Pseudolithoxus anthrax 南美擬石鈎鯰 Pseudolithoxus dumus 黃橫帶擬石鈎鯰 Pseudolithoxus kelsorum Pseudolithoxus kinja Bifi, de Oliveira, Rapp Py-Daniel & Collins, 2018 尼氏擬石鈎鯰 Pseudolithoxus nicoi 虎斑擬石鈎鯰 Pseudolithoxus tigris 金色銼鉤甲鯰 Scobinancistrus aureatus Scobinancistrus raonii Chaves, de Oliveira, Gonçalves, Sousa & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2023 巴西銼鉤甲鯰 Scobinancistrus pariolispos 斯氏索羅蒙鯰 Soromonichthys stearleyi Lujan & Armbruster, 2011 無斑似鼠甲鯰 Spectracanthicus immaculatus Spectracanthicus javae Chamon, Pereira, Mendonca & Akama, 2018 巴西似鼠甲鯰 Spectracanthicus murinus 托坎廷斯河似鼠甲鯰 Spectracanthicus tocantinensis 祖氏似鼠甲鯰 Spectracanthicus zuanoni 鰻尾三角下口鯰 Delturus angulicauda 巴西三角下口鯰 Delturus brevis 龍首三角下口鯰 Delturus carinotus 駝背三角下口鯰 Delturus parahybae 鮈形半下口鯰 Hemipsilichthys gobio 巴西半下口鯰 Hemipsilichthys nimius 乳突半下口鯰 Hemipsilichthys papillatus 哥倫比亞蜓狀鯰 Acestridium discus 南美蜓狀鯰 Acestridium dichromum 盤蜓狀鯰 Acestridium discus 裸腹蜓狀鯰 Acestridium gymnogaster 馬丁蜓狀鯰 Acestridium martini 楯蜓狀鯰 Acestridium scutatum 砂棲蜓狀鯰 Acestridium triplax 布氏科龍巴鯰 Corumbataia britskii 丘氏科龍巴鯰 Corumbataia cuestae 巴西科龍巴鯰 Corumbataia tocantinensis 喜蔭科龍巴鯰 Corumbataia veadeiros Curculionichthys coxipone Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015 Curculionichthys hera Gamarra, Calegari & Reis, 2019 Curculionichthys insperatus (Britski & Garavello, 2003) Curculionichthys itaim Roxo, Dias, Silva & Oliveira, 2017 Curculionichthys jumaorum (Dias, Silva, Oliveira & Roxo, 2018) Curculionichthys karipuna Silva, Roxo, Melo & Oliveira, 2016 Curculionichthys luteofrenatus (Britski & Garavello, 2007) Curculionichthys monolechis de Morais, Gamarra & Reis, 2024 Curculionichthys oliveirai (Roxo, Zawadzki & Troy, 2014) Curculionichthys paresi (Roxo, Zawadzki & Troy, 2014) Curculionichthys piracanjuba (Martins & Langeani, 2012) Curculionichthys sabaji Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015 Curculionichthys sagarana Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015 Curculionichthys scaius Calegari, Gamarra & Reis, 2018 Curculionichthys tukana Roxo, Dias, Silva & Oliveira, 2017 巴西裸甲鯰 Gymnotocinclus anosteos Carvalho, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2008 Gymnotocinclus canoeiro Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Zawadzki, 2017 駝背炬甲鯰 Lampiella gibbosa 細尾小美腹鯰 Microlepidogaster arachas 巴西小美腹鯰 Microlepidogaster bourguyi 瘦身小美腹鯰 Microlepidogaster dimorpha 長項小美腹鯰 Microlepidogaster longicolla 大孔小美腹鯰 Microlepidogaster perforatus 弗氏神女鯰 Niobichthys ferrarisi 南美耳孔甲鯰 Otothyris juquiae 項冠耳孔甲鯰 Otothyris lophophanes 鈎吻耳孔甲鯰 Otothyris rostrata 屈氏耳孔甲鯰 Otothyris travassosi 雙棲耳盾鯰 Otothyropsis biamnicus 巴西耳盾鯰 Otothyropsis marapoama 光刺耳盾鯰 Otothyropsis piribebuy 密齒耳盾鯰 Otothyropsis polyodon 尖吻捷泳鯰 Oxyropsis acutirostra 淡黃捷泳鯰 Oxyropsis carinata 亞馬遜河捷泳鯰 Oxyropsis wrightiana 巴西彎牙甲鯰 Plesioptopoma curvidens 秀美擬幽鯰 Pseudotocinclus juquiae 副駝背擬幽鯰 Pseudotocinclus parahybae 巴西擬幽鯰 Pseudotocinclus tietensis 熱內擬盾甲鯰 Pseudotothyris janeirensis 鈍頭擬盾甲鯰 Pseudotothyris obtusa 布氏吻板甲鯰 Rhinolekos britskii 加氏吻板甲鯰 Rhinolekos garavelloi 沙氏吻板甲鯰 Rhinolekos schaeferi 岡瑟氏裂盤鯰 Schizolecis guntheri 喜砂筆甲鯰 Aphanotorulus ammophilus Armbruster & Page, 1996 Aphanotorulus rubrocauda Oliveira, Py-Daniel & Zawadzki, 2017 單氏筆甲鯰 Aphanotorulus unicolor (Steindachner, 1908) 安氏盔甲鯰 Corymbophanes andersoni 凱氏盔甲鯰 Corymbophanes kaiei Isorineloricaria acuarius Ray & Armbruster, 2016 強棘等銼甲鯰 Isorineloricaria spinosissima (Steindachner, 1880)，其基异名为：Plecostomus spinosissimus Steindachner, 1880 細鈎甲鯰 Leptoancistrus canensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) 科爾多瓦細鈎甲鯰 Leptoancistrus cordobensis Dahl, 1964 暗色鬚蓋鯰 Pogonopoma obscurum Quevedo & Reis, 2002 駝背鬚蓋鯰 Pogonopoma parahybae (Steindachner, 1877) 南美鬚蓋鯰 Pogonopoma wertheimeri (Steindachner, 1867) 頰鬚擬銼鱗鯰 Pseudorinelepis genibarbis (Valenciennes, 1840) 南美銼鱗甲鯰 Rhinelepis aspera 條紋銼鱗甲鯰 Rhinelepis strigosa 委內瑞拉石星鯰 Lithogenes valencia 絨毛石星鯰 Lithogenes villosus 石星鯰 Lithogenes wahari 康氏偽甲鯰 Apistoloricaria condei 拉氏偽甲鯰 Apistoloricaria laani 光吻偽甲鯰 Apistoloricaria listrorhinos 小眼偽甲鯰 Apistoloricaria ommation 繁齒甲鯰 Aposturisoma myriodon Isbrücker, Britski, Nijssen & Ortega, 1983 阿根廷突牙甲鯰 Brochiloricaria chauliodon 大突牙甲鯰 Brochiloricaria macrodon 玻利維亞穗甲鯰 Crossoloricaria bahuaja 大頭穗甲鯰 Crossoloricaria cephalaspis 雷氏穗甲鯰 Crossoloricaria rhami 巴拿馬穗甲鯰 Crossoloricaria variegata 委內瑞拉穗甲鯰 Crossoloricaria venezuelae 斑紋梳甲鯰 Cteniloricaria maculata 厄斯特河梳甲鯰 Cteniloricaria napova 蘇里南梳甲鯰 Cteniloricaria platystoma 巴拿馬髯甲鯰 Dasyloricaria capetensis 長絲髯甲鯰 Dasyloricaria filamentosa 寬尾髯甲鯰 Dasyloricaria latiura 半裸髯甲鯰 Dasyloricaria seminuda 圖伊拉髯甲鯰 Dasyloricaria tuyrensis 委內瑞拉大牙甲鯰 Dentectus barbarmatus 岩棲方氏甲鯰 Fonchiiichthys rupestris (Schultz, 1944) 棘尾方氏甲鯰 Fonchiiichthys uracanthus (Kner, 1863) 矮齒方奇氏甲鯰 Fonchiiloricaria nanodon Rodriguez, Ortega & Covain, 2011 諾氏叉牙甲鯰 Furcodontichthys novaesi 粗尾赫氏甲鯰 Harttiella crassicauda 中間赫氏甲鯰 Harttiella intermedia 近視赫氏甲鯰 Harttiella janmoli 長尾赫氏甲鯰 Harttiella longicauda 圭亞那赫氏甲鯰 Harttiella lucifer 細小赫氏甲鯰 Harttiella parva 多毛赫氏甲鯰 Harttiella pilosa 鱘形半齒甲鯰 Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus 斯氏伊克興甲鯰 Ixinandria steinbachi 愛華拉蒙特鯰 Lamontichthys avacanoeiro 長絲拉蒙特鯰 Lamontichthys filamentosus 蜓尾拉蒙特鯰 Lamontichthys llanero 馬拉開波湖拉蒙特鯰 Lamontichthys maracaibero 大口拉蒙特鯰 Lamontichthys parakana 壯體拉蒙特鯰 Lamontichthys stibaros 灰銼體鯰 Limatulichthys griseus (Eigenmann, 1909)，基异名为Loricaria griseus Eigenmann, 1909 Limatulichthys nasarcus Londoño-Burbano, Lefebvre & Lujan, 2014 蘇里南後甲鯰 Metaloricaria nijseni 少齒後甲鯰 Metaloricaria paucidens 奇異若甲鯰 Paraloricaria agastor 似康氏若甲鯰 Paraloricaria commersonoides 南美若甲鯰 Paraloricaria vetula 隱齒平甲鯰 Planiloricaria cryptodon 灰體原甲鯰 Proloricaria prolixa 亞馬遜河擬半齒甲鯰 Pseudohemiodon amazonus 燕尾擬半齒甲鯰 Pseudohemiodon apithanos 迪氏擬半齒甲鯰 Pseudohemiodon devincenzii 薄擬半齒甲鯰 Pseudohemiodon lamina 側頭擬半齒甲鯰 Pseudohemiodon laticeps 平頭擬半齒甲鯰 Pseudohemiodon platycephalus 胸甲擬半齒甲鯰 Pseudohemiodon thorectes 光滑擬甲鯰 Pseudoloricaria laeviuscula 小眼鱘體鯰 Pterosturisoma microps 梅氏箱甲鯰 Pyxiloricaria menezesi 尼格羅河皇甲鯰 Reganella depressa 大唇柔甲鯰 Rhadinoloricaria macromystax (Günther, 1869) Rhadinoloricaria papillosa Crispim-Rodrigues, Bernt, Waltz, Silva, Benine, Oliveira, Covain & Roxo, 2023 大眼里科拉甲鯰 Ricola macrops 哥倫比亞鱘甲鯰 Sturisomatichthys caquetae 巴拿馬鱘甲鯰 Sturisomatichthys citurensis Sturisomatichthys guaitipan Londoño-Burbano & Reis, 2019 萊頓氏鱘甲鯰 Sturisomatichthys leightoni 太蒙那鱘甲鯰 Sturisomatichthys tamanae 巴西伊斯甲鯰 Isbrueckerichthys alipionis 裸露伊斯甲鯰 Isbrueckerichthys calvus 達氏伊斯甲鯰 Isbrueckerichthys duseni 南美伊斯甲鯰 Isbrueckerichthys epakmos 礫棲伊斯甲鯰 Isbrueckerichthys saxicola 海氏克隆甲鯰 Kronichthys heylandi 蜥形克隆甲鯰 Kronichthys lacerta 巴西克隆甲鯰 Kronichthys subteres 貪食新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus bandeirante 博圖卡圖新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus botucatu 魅形新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus corumba 巴西新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis 南美新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus franciscoensis 圭亞那新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus granosus 蘭格氏新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus langeanii 小眼新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus microps 巴拉那新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus paranensis 里貝拉新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus ribeirensis 月形新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus selenae 雜色新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus variipictus 雅浦新吸口鯰 Neoplecostomus yapo 短吻銼頰鯰 Pareiorhina brachyrhyncha 巴西銼頰鯰 Pareiorhina carrancas 纖尾銼頰鯰 Pareiorhina cepta 突脊銼頰鯰 Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis 魯道夫銼頰鯰 Pareiorhina rudolphi Afrocascudo saharaensis Brito, Dutheil, Gueriau, Keith, Carnevale, Britto, Meunier, Khalloufi, King, de Amorim & Costa, 2024 Hirtella carinata Pereira, Zanata, Cetra & Reis, 2014 Microplecostomus forestii Silva, Roxo, Orrego & Oliveira, 2016 埃利氏倭甲鯰 Nannoplecostomus eleonorae Ribeiro, Lima & Pereira, 2012 Yaluwak primus Lujan, Armbruster & Werneke Provenzano R., Francisco; Schaefer, Scott A.; Baskin, Jonathan N.; Royero-Leon, Ramiro. 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