結構語法

結構語法（通常被稱爲 CxG）是認知語言學領域中的一簇，其提出了結構，或者說語言行爲模式與意義的關係，是人類語言中基礎的建構單位。結構包涵單詞 (aardvark, avocado)，語素 (anti-, -ing)，固定表達與成語 (by and large, jog X's memory)和抽象語法規則，例如英語被動語態 (The cat was hit by a car)或雙及物動詞 (Mary gave Alex the ball)。任何的語言行爲模式都可以被認爲是一個結構，只要其形式的某些方面或其意義無法被從其組成部分或其他被認爲存在的語法結構中預測。在結構語法中，每個語句都被理解爲是多個不同結構的聯合，其一起定義了其精確含義與形式。 結構語法的支持者認爲，語言與文化並不是人爲設計的，而是“湧現”，或者在類似物種的自然選擇或者像昆蟲通過築巢形成自然結構的過程中自動建構的。結構可以對應到演化器或模因學中的模因與其它的文化演化器理論。然而它也存在不被承認爲文化演進的原創模型、基礎部分與模因學相同的爭議。建構語法與意圖描述人類理性與創意行爲是如何自主發生與無意識進行的幾種認知語言學的概念相關。 Goldberg, Adele. Constructions at Work: The Nature of Generalization in Language. New York: Oxford University Press. 2006: 5–10. ISBN 0-19-9-268525.  Croft, William. The relevance of an evolutionary model to historical linguistics. Nedergaard Thomsen, Ole (编). Competing Models of Linguistic Change: Evolution and Beyond. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 279. John Benjamins. 2006: 91–132. 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