组织蛋白酶L1

组织蛋白酶L1（英语：Cathepsin L1）是人类体内由CTSL1基因编码的蛋白质。该蛋白质是木瓜样蛋白酶（英语：Papain-like protease），是一种溶酶体半胱氨酸蛋白酶，在细胞内蛋白质分解代谢中起着主要的作用。 组织蛋白酶L1是肽酶C1（组织蛋白酶）MEROPS家族的成员。组织蛋白酶L1在包括正常溶酶体介导的蛋白质周转、抗原、前蛋白加工以及细胞凋亡在内的多种过程中发挥重要的作用。其底物包括胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白和SERPINA1（英语：Alpha-1 antitrypsin），这是中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（英语：Neutrophil elastase）活性的主要控制元素。组织蛋白酶L1与多种病理过程有关，包括肌病（英语：Myopathy）、冠状动脉疾病中的肌原纤维（英语：Myofibril）坏死以及肾小管对蛋白尿的反应。它是由二硫键连接的重链和轻链组成的二聚体，均由单一蛋白质前体产生。已发现该基因至少有两种编码相同蛋白质的转录变体。 病毒进入细胞需要2型新冠病毒S2刺突蛋白的裂解。此过程可以通过位于细胞膜上的蛋白酶——跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2或内溶酶体中的组织蛋白酶（主要是组织蛋白酶L1）来完成。羟氯喹可以抑制内溶酶体中组织蛋白酶L1的作用，但由于与跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2裂解相比，组织蛋白酶L1的裂解较小，因此羟氯喹对2型新冠病毒感染的抑制作用很小。 虽然组织蛋白酶L1通常被表征为溶酶体蛋白酶，但它可以被分泌，导致病理性炎症。组织蛋白酶L1和其他木瓜样蛋白酶在引起病理性炎症时往往由巨噬细胞和其他侵入组织的免疫细胞分泌而出。 组织蛋白酶L1已被证明与胱抑素A有相互作用。 组织蛋白酶L1已在许多生物体中发现，包括鱼类、鸟类、哺乳动物和海绵。 组织蛋白酶V（或称为组织蛋白酶L2或组织蛋白酶U） 组织蛋白酶 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135047 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. 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