马格里布叛乱

馬格里布叛亂是指馬格里布和薩赫勒地區的伊斯蘭宗教組織發動的叛亂。阿爾及利亞的激進組織伊斯蘭傳教及聖戰組（英语：Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat）與基地組織結盟，成立伊斯蘭馬格里布蓋達組織。另一方面，自2007年杜松之盾行動（英语：Operation Juniper Shield）開始以來，與激進組織作戰的則是阿爾及利亞和其他馬格里布地區的國家，這些國家則與美國和英國合作。2011年的阿拉伯之春影響了這些國家鎮壓叛亂的進度，并為聖戰分子提供了喘息機會。伊斯蘭馬格里布蓋達組織和其盟友趁机佔領了馬里的北部，不過不到一年後激進組織被法國在薩赫勒地區主導的軍事行動中擊退。另外自2014年以來伊斯蘭國趁著第二次利比亞內戰在利比亞控制了一些領土。 Niger army hunts for Al-Qaeda after clash. AFP. 2011-06-15 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-04）.  Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). Council on Foreign Relations. [2014-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-11）.  4600 soldats français mobilisés. Ledauphine.com. 2013-01-31 [2013-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-02）.  François Hollande's African adventures: The French are reorganising security in an increasingly troubled region. Economist. [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-03）.  Tipping point of terror. The Guardian. 2004-04-04 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-14）.  Salomé Legrand. Qui sont les islamistes à qui la France a déclaré la guerre ?. 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Crisis in the Sahel Becoming France's Forever War. 2020-03-29 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-12） –通过NYTimes.com.  Exporting Jihad. The New Yorker. 2016-03-28 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-10）.  ISIS, Al Qaeda In Africa: US Commander Warns Of Collaboration Between AQIM And Islamic State Group. International Business Times. 2016-02-12 [2021-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-02）.  Niger attacked by both al-Qaeda and Boko Haram. BBC News. 2016-03-18 [2016-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-15）.  Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Stanford University. 2016-07-01 [2021-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-12）.  引用错误：没有为名为MUJ的参考文献提供内容 Deaton, Jennifer Z.; Hanna, Jason. Algeria: Leader of group that beheaded French hiker is killed. CNN. 2014-12-23 [2015-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-22）.  Algeria, Tunisia discuss military co-operation. Zawya. 2014-07-22 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-05）.  US, Mali Armies Kick off Exercise Atlas Accord; Postpone Exercise Flintlock. 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A Benghazi power, Libya militia eyed in attack. Associated Press. 2012-09-18 [2014-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-21）.  Terrorist Organization Profile - START - National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. [2016-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-12）.  Obama Is Pressed to Open Military Front Against ISIS in Libya. The New York Times. 2016-02-04 [2016-02-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-07）.  ISIL's presence in Libya grows to 5,000 fighters. Al Jazeera. [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-05）.  Jim Sciutto, Barbara Starr and Kevin Liptak, CNN. More ISIS fighters in Libya; fewer in Syria and Iraq - CNNPolitics.com. CNN. 2016-02-04 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-06）.  How Gaddafi's anti-aircraft missiles are falling into the hands of Isis. The Independent. 2016-03-11 [2019-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-08）.  Nigeria's Boko Haram has up to 6,000 hardcore militants: U.S. officials. Reuters. 2015-02-06 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-03）.  Boko Haram HQ Gwoza in Nigeria 'retaken'. BBC News. 2015-03-27 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-25）.  Boko Haram at a glance. Amnesty International. [2015-01-25]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-28）.  Algerian Army Kills Militant Leader Linked to Beheading of French Hostage. The New York Times. 2014-12-24 [2016-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-20）.  Freeman, Colin. Al-Qaeda map: Isis, Boko Haram and other affiliates' strongholds across Africa and Asia. 2014-06-12 [2014-08-29]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-29）.  56 Die in Algerian Attacks. Los Angeles Times. AP. 2003-01-06 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-20）.  Freedom in the World 2003: Algeria. Freedom House. 2002-12-01 [2021-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-16）.  引用错误：没有为名为2002algeria的参考文献提供内容 Bergner, Jeffrey T. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2008: Vols. I and II: Joint Committee Print, U. S. House of Representatives and U. S. Senate. DIANE Publishing. 2008: 1877. ISBN 9781437905229.  American commandos face complicated mission in Mali. 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