天蛾科

天蛾科（学名：Sphingidae）是鱗翅目的一科，科名取自希腊语“Sphinx”，即希腊神话中的怪物“斯芬克斯”。 天蛾科下轄200多個屬，約1,450個品種。本科物種大多數於熱帶生活，但其每一個地區都有其踪影。本科昆虫主要特征是前翅狭长，后翅呈短三角形，复眼大，胸部粗壮，腹部末端尖及呈流線型，触角端部细而弯曲。體型中等到大，所以可作快速及持續的飛行，最快可達每小時40到50公里。 在1903年，Rothschild and Jordan最先為天蛾科物種作科學化的分類，以物種有沒有感毛（microtrichia），把整個科分為感毛組與無感毛組兩大組，下設五亞科七大族，分別如下： 無感毛組（英语：Asemanophorae）(Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) Janse, 1932 面形天蛾亞科（英语：Acherontiinae）：約40屬200種 雲紋天蛾亞科（英语：Ambulicinae）（Ambulicinae） 感毛組（英语：Semanophorae） Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 透翅天蛾亞科（英语：Sesiinae） 蜂形天蛾亞科（英语：Philampelinae） 斜紋天蛾亞科（英语：Choerocampinae） 現時的分類把原來的無感毛組一分為二，成為了天蛾亞科和目天蛾亞科；而原來的感毛組成為現在的長喙天蛾亞科。 天蛾科以下的200多個屬，現時分作三個亞科，分別如下： 天蛾亞科（英语：Sphinginae） 面形天蛾族 天蛾族 目天蛾亞科（英语：Smerinthinae） 鷹翅天蛾族（Ambulycini） 目天蛾族（Smerinthini） 絨天蛾族（Sphingulini） 長喙天蛾亞科（英语：Macroglossinae (Lepidoptera)） Harris, 1839 Dilophonotini族（英语：Dilophonotini） 長喙天蛾族（英语：Macroglossini） Philampelini族（英语：Philampelini） Acanthosphinx Aurivillius, 1892 面形天蛾属 Acherontia Laspeyres, 1809 Acosmerycoides Mell, 1922 Acosmeryx Boisduval, 1874 Adhemarius Oiticica, 1939 Aellopos Hübner, 1819 Afroclanis Carcasson, 1968 Afrosataspes Basquin & Cadiou, 1986 Afrosphinx Carcasson, 1968 Agnosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Agrius Hübner, 1819 Akbesia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Aleuron Boisduval, 1870 Altijuba Lachlan, 1999 Ambulyx Westwood, 1847 Amorpha Hübner, 1809 Ampeloeca Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Ampelophaga Bremer & Grey, 1853 Amphimoea Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Amphion Hübner, 1819 Amplypterus Hübner, 1819 Anambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Andriasa Walker, 1856 Angonyx Boisduval, 1874 Antinephele Holland, 1889 Apocalypsis Butler, 1876 Arctonotus Boisduval, 1852 Atemnora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Autogramma Oiticica, 1946 Avinoffia Clark, 1929 Baniwa Lichy, 1981 Barbourion Clark, 1934 Basiothia Walker, 1856 Batocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Bergmania Bryk, 1946 Berutana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Cadiouclanis Eitschberger, 2007 Callambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Callionima Lucas, 1857 Callosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1916 Calymnia Walker, 1856 Cautethia Grote, 1865 Cechenena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Cechetra Celerio Oken, 1815 Centroctena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Cephonodes Hübner, 1819 Ceratomia Harris, 1839 Cerberonoton Ceridia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Chaerocina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Chelacnema Chloroclanis Carcasson, 1968 Cizara Walker, 1856 Clanidopsis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Clanis Hübner, 1819 Clarina Tutt, 1903 Cocytius Hübner, 1819 Coelonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Coenotes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Coequosa Walker, 1856 Compsogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Compsulyx Holloway, 1979 Craspedortha Mell, 1922 Cressonia Grote & Robinson, 1865 Cypa Walker, 1864 Cypoides Matsumura, 1921 Dahira Moore, 1888 Daphnis Hübner, 1819 Daphnusa Walker, 1856 Darapsa Walker, 1856 Dargeclanis Eitschberger, 2007 Degmaptera Hampson, 1896 Deidamia Clemens, 1859 Deilephila Laspeyres, 1809 Diludia Grote & Robinson, 1865 Dolba Walker, 1856 Dolbina Staudinger, 1887 Dolbogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Dovania Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Elibia Walker, 1856 Ellenbeckia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Enpinanga Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Enyo Hübner, 1819 Erinnis Erinnyis Hübner, 1819 Euchloron Boisduval, 1875 Eumorpha Hübner, 1807 Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway, 1989 Euproserpinus Grote & Robinson, 1865 Eupyrrhoglossum Grote, 1865 Euryglottis Boisduval, 1874 Eurypteryx Felder, 1874 Falcatula Carcasson, 1968 Gehlenia Bryk, 1944 Giganteopalpus Huwe, 1895 Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858 Grammodia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Grillotius Rougeot, 1973 Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching, 1990 Gurelca Kirby, 1880 Gynoeryx Carcasson, 1968 Gynoeryx Guenée, 1865 Haemaris Dalman, 1816 Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982 Hemaris Dalman, 1816 Hemeroplanes Hübner, 1819 Heppneriana Himantoides Butler, 1877 Hippotion Hübner, 1819 Hopliocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Hoplistopus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Hyles Hübner, 1819 松天蛾属 Hyloicus Hübner, 1819 Hypaedalea Butler, 1877 Hypaedalia Butler, 1877 Ihlegramma Eitschberger, 2003 Imber Moulds, Tuttle & Lane, 2010 Isognathus Felder & Felder, 1862 Isogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Isoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Kentrochrysalis Staudinger, 1887 Kloneus Skinner, 1923 Langia Moore, 1872 Laothoe Fabricius, 1807 Lapara Walker, 1856 Lepchina Oberthür, 1904 Leptoclanis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Leucomonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Leucophlebia Westwood, 1847 Leucorhampha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Leucostrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Likoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Litosphingia Jordan, 1920 Lomocyma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Lophostethus Butler, 1876 Lycosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Maassenia Saalmüller, 1884 Macroglossum Scopoli, 1777 Macropoliana Carcasson, 1968 Madoryx Boisduval, 1875 Malgassoclanis Carcasson, 1968 Manduca Hübner, 1807 Marumba Moore, 1882 Megacorma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Meganoton Boisduval, 1874 Metamimas Butler, 1877 Micracosmeryx Mell, 1922 Microclanis Carcasson, 1968 Microsphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Mimas Hübner, 1819 Mioclanis Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994 Monarda Druce, 1896 Morwennius Cassidy, Allen & Harman, 2002 Nannoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Neoclanis Carcasson, 1968 Neococytius Hodges, 1971 Neogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaw, 1993 Neopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968 Nephele Hübner, 1819 Notonagemia Nyceryx Boisduval, 1874 Oberthurion Clark, 1923 Odontosida Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Oligographa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Opistoclanis Jordan, 1929 Oplerclanis Eitschberger, 2007 Orecta Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Oryba Walker, 1856 Oxyambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Pachygonidia Fletcher, 1982 Pachylia Walker, 1856 Pachylioides Hodges, 1971 Pachysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Panogena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Pantophaea Jordan, 1946 Pantophaea Oiticica, 1946 Paonias Hübner, 1819 Paratrea Grote, 1903 Parum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Pentateucha Swinhoe, 1908 Pergesa Walker, 1856 Perigonia Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 Phanoxyla Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Philodila Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Pholus Hübner, 1819 Phryxus Hübner, 1819 Phyllosphingia Swinhoe, 1897 Phylloxiphia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Pierreclanis Eitschberger, 2007 Platysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Poliana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Poliodes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Polyptychopsis Carcasson, 1968 Polyptychus Hübner, 1819 Praedora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Proserpinus Hübner, 1819 Protaleuron Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Protambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Protoparce Burmeister, 1855 Pseudandriasa Carcasson, 1968 Pseudenyo Holland, 1889 Pseudoangonyx Eitschberger, 2010 Pseudoclanis Rothschild, 1894 Pseudodolbina Rothschild, 1894 Pseudopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968 Pseudosphinx Burmeister, 1856 Psilogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Rethera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Rhadinopasa Druce, 1880 Rhadinopasa Karsch, 1891 Rhagastis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Rhodafra Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939 Rhodoprasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Rhyncholaba Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Rothinjoa Rufoclanis Carcasson, 1968 Sagenosoma Jordan, 1946 Sagenosoma Oiticica, 1946 Sataspes Moore, 1857 Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895 Smerinthus Latreille, 1802 Sphecodina Blanchard, 1840 Sphingidites Kernbach, 1967 Sphingonaepiopsis Wallengren, 1858 Sphingoneopsis Wallengren, 1858 Sphingulus Staudinger, 1887 天蛾属 Sphinx Linnaeus, 1758 Stolidoptera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Synoecha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Syzygia Grote & Robinson, 1865 Temnora Walker, 1856 Temnoripais Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Tetrachroa Rothschild & Jordan, 1909 Thamnoecha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Theretra Hübner, 1819 Thibetia Joicey & Kaye, 1917 Tinostoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Triptogon Ménétriés, 1857 Trogolegnum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Unzela Walker, 1856 Viriclanis Aarvik, 1999 Xanthopan Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Xenosphingia Jordan, 1920 Xylophanes Hübner, 1819 Zacria Haxaire & Melichar, 2003 朱弘复 王林瑶. 《中国动物志·昆虫纲（第十一卷）·鳞翅目·天蛾科》 (M)使用|format=需要含有|url= (帮助) 1. 北京: 科学出版社. 1997. ISBN 7-03-005763-5.  van Nieukerken; et al. Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 3148: 212–221 [2013-03-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-10-13）.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link) Scoble, Malcolm J. The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity 2nd edition. London: 牛津大學出版社及自然史博物館. 1995. ISBN 0-19-854952-0 （英语）.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link) Ento-UIS: TRIBE DILOPHONOTINI (FAMILY: Sphingidae). 2011-04-29 [2013-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-10） （英语）.  Akkuzu, et al. 2008 司马进; 邓晓保. 西双版纳的常见天蛾种类. 《西部林业科学》. 1984年, 1984年 (02期) [2013-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） （中文（简体））.  中国天蛾科分类名录. YELLOWMAN 昆虫视界. [2013-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-13） （中文（简体））.  Kawahara et al. 2009 孟玲; 李保平. 新疆天蛾科昆蟲區系組成 (PDF). 新疆大学学报 (自然科学版). 2002年5月, 19 (2): 234–238 [2013-03-15]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-10） （中文（简体））.  日本鷹翅天蛾. 數位典藏與學習聯合目錄. [2013-03-15] （中文（繁體））.  白星天蛾. 數位典藏與學習聯合目錄. [2013-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） （中文（繁體））.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：天蛾科 維基物種上的相關信息：天蛾科 European Butterflies and Moths[永久失效連結] Sphingidae of the United States Family Sphingidae at Lepidoptera.pro Pictures Australian Museum Fact Sheet - Hawk Moths（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） CATE-Sphingidae: a recently initiated project to produce a "one-stop shop" for Sphingidae taxonomy（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） CSIRO: Australian Moths Online - Sphingidae ACG Sphingidae of Costa Rica images. List of Sphingidae Types（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Museum Witt München). Flickr（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Images, mosly excellent