胡椒属

胡椒属植物在经济和生态方面都很重要，包括大约有1,000-2,000余种，有草本、灌木、藤本甚至是小乔木，胡椒科植物既不属于双子叶植物也不属于单子叶植物，和三白草科亲源关系较近，在胡椒科内，胡椒属和草胡椒属的亲源关系较近。 胡椒属植物分布在世界各地的热带地区，多数品种生长在热带雨林中，也有少数品种可以生长在比较开阔地带或亚热带地区。 部分胡椒属藤本品种在温暖地区可以作为园艺品种，但胡椒属的主要用途还是作为香料和蔬菜，人类最早在大约9,000年前就已经知道应用胡椒作为食品香料，主要用黑胡椒（Piper nigrum），此外像墨西哥叶胡椒（Piper auritum）、荜澄茄（Piper cubeba）、长胡椒（Piper longum）、西非胡椒（Piper guineen）也常被应用。越南的罗洛胡椒（Piper lolot）以及东南亚的假蒟（Piper sarmentosum）叶子都是当地的蔬菜。胡椒属许多品种还被许多地方作为当地的草药使用。 胡椒属植物在美洲有约700种，在东南亚有300余种，在南太平洋有40多种，在非洲有约15种。 蘭嶼風藤 Piper arborescens Piper achupallasense Piper aduncum Piper aequilaterum C.DC. Piper alwynii M. A. Jaram., 2023 Piper amalgo Piper angamarcanum 兰屿胡椒 Piper arborescens Roxb. 西藏胡椒 Piper arunachalense Gajurel, Rethy & Y. Kumar 卵叶胡椒 Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. 墨西哥胡椒叶 Piper auritum 华南胡椒 Piper austrosinense Y. C. Tseng Piper azuaiense Piper baezanum Piper baezense Piper begoniiforme 蒌叶 Piper betle L. 苎叶蒟 Piper boehmeriaefolium (Miq.) C. DC. 光轴苎叶蒟 Piper boehmeriaefolium var. tonkinense C. DC. 复毛胡椒 Piper bonii C. DC. 大叶复毛胡椒 Piper bonii var. macrophyllum Y. C. Tseng Piper borneense Piper brachipilum Piper brachystylum Piper bullatifolium Piper caldense C.DC. Piper callejasii W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram. Piper campii Piper caninum , SE Asia to Australia, Common pepper, Native pepper in Australia. Piper candollei 华山蒌 Piper cathayanum M. G. Gilbert & N. H. Xia Piper cenocladum – "ant piper" 长果胡椒 Piper chaba 勐海胡椒 Piper chaudocanum C. DC. Piper chimborazoense Piper chimonanthifolium Kunth 中华胡椒 Piper chinense Miq. Piper clathratum Piper claussenianum Piper coeloneurum Piper cordulatum 荜澄茄 Piper cubeba Piper cutucuense 大苗山胡椒 Piper damiaoshanense Y. C. Tseng Piper darienense – duermeboca (巴拿马), kana (Kuna) Piper decurrens Piper densiciliatum Piper diffundum Piper disparipilum Piper distigmatum Piper dodsonii Piper entradense Piper eriocladum Piper eustylum Piper fallenii 琉球胡椒 Piper ferriei C. DC. Piper fimbriulatum 黄花胡椒 Piper flaviflorum C. DC. Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth Piper glabratum Kunth Piper grandifolium Piper gualeanum Piper guayasanum 西非胡椒 Piper guineense 海南蒟 Piper hainanense Hemsl. 山蒟 Piper hancei Maxim. 哈曼氏胡椒 Piper harmandii C. DC. Piper hillianum C.DC. Piper hispidinervum 河池胡椒 Piper hochiense Y. C. Tseng Piper huigranum Piper hydrolapathum Piper hylebates Piper hylophilum Piper imperiale 沉果胡椒 Piper infossum Y. Q. Tseng 疏果胡椒 Piper interruptum Opiz 尖峰岭胡椒 Piper jianfenglingense C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan 风藤 Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi 恆春風藤 Piper kawakamii Hayata Piper kerrii Suwanph. and Y.Banchong, 2023 Piper kurzii Ridl. 绿岛胡椒 Piper kwashoense Hayata 大叶蒟 Piper laetispicum C. DC. Piper lanatum Roxb. Piper laevigatum Kunth, 1815 Piper leptostachyum Wall. ex Miq. Piper lhotzkyanum Kunth Piper lineatipilosum Yunck., 1959 陵水胡椒 Piper lingshuiense Y. C. Tseng 罗洛胡椒 Piper lolot C.DC., 1898 Piper lonchites Roem. & Schult. Piper longicaudatum 蓽拔 Piper longum L.，长胡椒 Piper lucigaudens Piper macrophyllum 粗梗胡椒 Piper macropodum C. DC. 麻根 Piper magen B. Q. Cheng ex C. L. Long & Jun Yang Piper magnificum – Lacquered Pepper Piper malacophyllum (C.Presl) C.DC. Piper manabinum Piper marginatum Piper mekongense Piper mendezense Piper mestonii Piper metallicum Hallier f., 1896 卡瓦胡椒 Piper methysticum Roxb.，为Piper majusculum Blume的异名 Piper mexiae (Trel.) Trel. & Yunck., 1950 柄果胡椒 Piper mischocarpum Y. C. Tseng Piper molliusculum Sodiro, 1900 墨脱胡椒 Piper motuoense X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao, 2024 短蒟 Piper mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don 变叶胡椒 Piper mutabile C. DC. Piper nanegalense Piper napo-pastazanum Piper nebuligaudens 黑胡椒 Piper nigrum L.，胡椒 Piper novae-hollandiae Giant Pepper Vine - 澳大利亚 裸果胡椒 Piper nudibaccatum Y. Q. Tseng 彩脉胡椒 Piper ornatum N.E.Br., 1884 Piper pachyphyllum – Mahalatsaka 角果胡椒 Piper pedicellatum C. DC. Piper peepuloides Roxb. Piper peltatum L., 1753 Piper permucronatum Yunck. Piper perstrigosum Yunck., 1955 Piper phangngaense Suwanph. and Hodk., 2023 台东胡椒 Piper philippinum Miq. 屏边胡椒 Piper pingbienense Y. C. Tseng Piper platylobum 线梗胡椒 Piper pleiocarpum C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng 樟叶胡椒 Piper polysyphonum C. DC. 肉轴胡椒 Piper ponesheense C. DC. Piper porphyrophyllum Piper poscitum Piper prietoi Piper productispicum Piper pseudonigrum Piper pseudopothifolium C.DC. 毛叶胡椒 Piper puberulilimbum C. DC. 岩椒 Piper pubicatulum C. DC. Piper puyoense Piper quinchasense M. A. Jaram. Piper regale 假荜拔 Piper retrofractum Vahl Piper richardiifolium Kunth Piper rugocarpum Y.Banchong and Suwanph., 2023 Piper rostratum Roxb. Piper rubronodosum Piper rubrovenosum 红果胡椒 Piper rubrum C. DC. 西贡胡椒 Piper saigonense Piper saloyanum Piper san-miguelense 假蒟 Piper sarmentosum Roxb. 斜叶蒟 Piper senporeiense Yamam. Piper schuppii 塞舌尔胡椒 Piper seychellarum Piper skutchii Piper smitinandianum Suwanph. & Chantar. Piper sodiroi 短柄胡椒 Piper stipitiforme C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng Piper stipulosum Piper subaduncum 多脉胡椒 Piper submultinerve C. DC. 狭叶多脉胡椒 Piper submultinerve var. nandanicum Y. C. Tseng Piper subnitidifolium 缘毛胡椒 Piper semiimmersum C. DC. 半透明胡椒 Piper semi-transparens C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan 滇西胡椒 Piper suipigua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Piper supernum 银叶胡椒 Piper sylvaticum Roxb., 长柄胡椒 台湾胡椒 Piper taiwanense T. T. Lin & S. Y. Lu Piper tectonifolium Kunth 球穗胡椒 Piper thomsonii (C. DC.) Hook. f. 小叶球穗胡椒 Piper thomsonii var. microphyllum Y. C. Tseng Piper trachyphyllum Piper translucens Yunck. Piper triandrum F.Muell. 三色胡椒 Piper tricolor Y. C. Tseng Piper trioicum Piper truman-yunckeri Piper truncatum Vell. 瑞丽胡椒 Piper tsengianum M. G. Gilbert & N. H. Xia 粗穗胡椒 Piper tsangyuanense P. S. Chen & P. C. Zhu 大胡椒 Piper umbellatum L. Piper unguiculatum Piper valladolidense Piper verrucosum 石南藤 Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz. Piper warakahoura Piper wibomii Piper wightii 盈江胡椒 Piper yinkiangense Y. C. Tseng 蒟子 Piper yunnanense Y. C. Tseng Piper zarumanum 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：胡椒属 Jaramillo, M. Alejandra, Phylogeny and Patterns of Floral Diversity in the Genus Piper (Piperaceae), American Journal of Botany, 2001, 88: 706 [2010-01-29], PMID 11302858, doi:10.2307/2657072, （原始内容存档于2010-06-30）  M. Alejandra Jaramillo. 2023. Piper alwynii (Piperaceae), A New Species from the Cordillera del Cóndor at the Border of Peru and Ecuador. Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. DOI: 10.3417/2023862 William Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo Trujillo and M. Alejandra Jaramillo. 2021. Piper callejasii (Piperaceae), A New Species from the Eastern Slopes of the Andes, Northern South America. Novon. 29: 200–205. DOI: 10.3417/2021659 Chao-Yun Hao, Xiao-Wei Qin, Le-He Tan, Li-Song Hu, Gang Wu, Shui-Xing Luo, Hai-Yan Deng and Yun-Hong Tan. 2017. Piper jianfenglingense, A New Species of Piperaceae from Hainan Island, China. Phytotaxa. 331(1); 109–116. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.331.1.9 Chalermpol Suwanphakdee, David A. Simpson, Trevor R. Hodkinson and Pranom Chantaranothai. 2020. A Synopsis of Thai Piper (Piperaceae). Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 48(2), 145-183. DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2020.48.2.08 引用错误：带有name属性“Suwanphakdee”的<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次 麻根——珍稀民族香料植物新种. NSII. [2023-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-18）.  Fan Su, Xiao-Wei Qin, Rui Fan, Lin Yan, Xun-Zhi Ji and Chao-Yun Hao. 2024. Piper motuoense, A New Species of Piperaceae from Xizang, China. PhytoKeys. 238: 85-94. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.115494 M. Alejandra Jaramillo, Dayro Rodríguez-Duque and Magda Escobar-Alba. 2023. A New Species of Piper (Piperaceae) with peltate leaves from Serranía de las Quinchas, Colombia. PhytoKeys. 227: 9-24. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.227.101405 Chao-Yun Hao, Bao-Duo Wu, Xiao-Wei Qin, Gang Wu, Hai-Yan Deng and Yun-Hong Tan. 2020. Morphological and Molecular Evidence for A New Species from China: Piper semi-transparens (Piperaceae). Phytotaxa. 429(3); 191–199. 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