粉虱科

粉蝨科（學名：Aleyrodidae）是半翅目粉蝨總科的刺吸式昆蟲，兩性成蟲均有翅，身體及翅上覆有白色蠟粉，此為其科名之由來。全世界共记录有3亚科、166属、1631种。其中约有46种是经济害虫。 粉蝨成蟲多喜歡產卵在葉背，卵孵化後的第一齡若蟲具有活動能力，往後二、三、四齡若蟲其足、觸角會退化，固著於葉背上。之後成蟲沿著第四齡若蟲呈倒T字形之縱、橫胸縫破殼而出。因最後齡期與活潑之成蟲在外部形態截然不同，且與完全變態類昆蟲不食不動之「蛹」大相逕庭，因而有第四齡蛹殼之誤稱，然仍沿用至今。 早期粉蝨分類學者察覺成蟲標本製作較困難，可用特徵少，而蛹殼因為標本採集、製作容易，且經寄主植物的確定可增加鑑定的方便與可信度，所以分類學者皆以第四齡蛹殼為分類特徵，然而粉蝨的蛹殼一般細小且不明顯，在野外或田間採集粉蝨時，不一定都採集得到蛹殼。這種情形在幼嫩的植物上特別明顯，另一方面，粉蝨成蟲相對於蛹殼是較為顯眼易見，但是目前粉蝨成蟲在分類上可用的特徵仍然十分缺乏，尚未有系統地建立，為成蟲方面的鑑定上一大困擾。因此有系統地建立粉蝨成蟲特徵乃迫切需要。 本科包括以下属： Acanthaleyrode 类刺粉虱属 Acanthaleyrodes Takahashi, 1931 长刺粉虱属 Acanthobemisia Takahashi, 1935 黑粉虱属 Acaudaleyrodes Takahashi, 1951 Acutaleyrodes Takahashi, 1960 非洲斑翅粉虱属 Africaleurodes Dozier, 1934 Africaleyrodes Agrostaleyrodes Ko, 2001 Aleurocanthus Aleurocerus Bondar, 1923 Aleurochiton Tullgreen, 1907 Aleuroclava Singh, 1931 Aleuroctarthrus Martin, 2008 Aleurocybotus Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Aleurocyperus Ko & Dubey, 2007 盤粉蝨屬 Aleurodicus Douglas, 1892 Aleuroduplidens Martin, 1999 Aleuroglandulus Bondar, 1923 Aleuroinanis Martin, 1999 Aleurolobus Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Aleurolonga Mound, 1965 Aleuromarginatus Corbett, 1935 Aleuromarginatus asymmetricis Dubey Aleuromarginatus bauhiniae (Corbett, 1935) Aleuromarginatus corbettiaformis Martin, 1985 Aleuromarginatus dalbergiae Cohic, 1969 Aleuromarginatus dielsianae Wang & Xu, 2017 Aleuromarginatus frim Dubey Aleuromarginatus glandulis Dubey Aleuromarginatus kallarensis David & Subramaniam, 1976 Aleuromarginatus littoralis Martin, 1985 Aleuromarginatus marginiquus Martin, 1999 Aleuromarginatus martini Dubey Aleuromarginatus millettiae Cohic, 1968 Aleuromarginatus moundi Martin, 1999 Aleuromarginatus nemciae Martin, 1999 Aleuromarginatus nigrus Martin, 1999 Aleuromarginatus serdangensis Takahashi, 1955 Aleuromarginatus shihmenensis Ko, 1995 Aleuromarginatus similis Dubey Aleuromarginatus sulawesiensis Dubey Aleuromarginatus tephrosiae Corbett, 1935 Aleuromarginatus thirumurthiensis David, 1988 Aleuronudus Hempel, 1922 Aleuropapillatus Regu & David, 1993 Aleuroparadoxus Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Aleuroparvus Dubey, 2018 Aleuroplatus Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Aleuropleurocelus Drews & Sampson, 1956 Aleuroporosus Corbett, 1935 Aleuropositus Dubey, 2013 Aleuropteridis Mound, 1961 Aleuroputeus Corbett, 1935 鬚粉蝨屬 Aleurothrixus Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Aleurotithius Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Aleurotrachelus Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Aleurotuba Tremblay & Iaccarino, 1978 Aleurotuberculatus Takahashi, 1932 Aleurotulus Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Aleuroviggianus Iaccarino, 1982 Aleurovitreus Martin, 2005 Aleyrodes Latreille, 1796 Aleyrodicus Aleyrodiella Dantsig, 1966 Anomaleyrodes Takahashi & Mamet, 1952 Apobemisia Takahashi, 1954 Arachnaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983 Aretsaya Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015 Asialeyrodes Corbett, 1935 Asiothrixus 星伯粉虱属 Asterobemisia Trehan, 1940 Asterochiton Maskell, 1879 澳洲斑翅粉虱属 Australeurodes Dubey, 2013 Austroaleurodicus Tapia, 1970 Axacalia Danzig, 1969 Azuraleurodicus Martin, 1999 Baetylus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011 Bakerius Bondar, 1923 Bellitudo Russell, 1943 Bemisaleyrodes 伯粉虱属 Bemisia Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Bemisiella Dantsig, 1966 Bernaea Schlee, 1970 Bondaria Sampson & Drews, 1941 Brazzaleyrodes Cohic, 1966 Bulgarialeurodes Corbett, 1936 Burmodicus Chen et al., 2020 Burmoselis Shcherbakov, 2000 Calluneyrodes Zahradnik, 1961 Ceraleurodicus Hempel, 1922 Chitonaleyrodes Martin, 1999 Clodionus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013 Cockerelliella Sundararaj & David, 1992 Cohicaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983 Combesaleyrodes Cohic, 1966 Corbettia Dozier, 1934 Costalimada Martin, 2011 Crenidorsum Russell, 1945 Crescentaleyrodes David & Jesudasan, 1987 Cryptolingula Martin & Carver, 1999 Davidiella Dubey & Sundararaj, 2005 Dialeurodes Cockerell, 1902 Dialeurodicus Cockerell, 1902 Dialeurodoides Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Dialeurolobus Danzig, 1964 Dialeurolonga Dozier, 1928 Dialeuropora Quaintance & Baker, 1917 Dialeurotrachelus Takahashi, 1942 Disiphon Russell, 1993 Distincaleyrodes Distinctaleyrodes Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006 Dothioia Dumbleton, 1961 Dumbletoniella Jesudasan & David, 1990 Editaaleyrodes David, 2005 Ericaleyrodes Rapisarda, 1986 Eudialeurodicus Quaintance & Baker, 1915 Extensaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983 Fascaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983 Filicaleyrodes Takahashi, 1962 Fippataleyrodes Sundararaj & David, 1992 Gadigaleyrodes Dooley & Gillespie, 2013 Gagudjuia Martin, 1999 Gapenus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013 Gigaleurodes Quaintance & Baker, 1917 Gomenella Dumbleton, 1961 Greeniella David, 1993 Harpaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983 Heidea Schlee, 1970 Hempelia Sampson & Drews, 1941 Hesperaleyrodes Sampson, 1943 Heteraleyrodes Takahashi, 1942 Heterobemisia Takahashi, 1957 Hexaleurodicus Bondar, 1923 Hindaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994 Icfrealeyrodes Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006 Indoaleyrodes David & Subramaniam, 1973 Isaraselis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013 Juglasaleyrodes Cohic, 1966 Juleyrodes Shcherbakov, 2000 Kaieteurodicus Martin, 2008 Kanakarajiella David & Sundararaj, 1993 Keralaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994 Laingiella Corbett, 1926 Lankaleurodes David, 1993 Lecanoideus Quaintance & Baker, 1913 Leonardius Quaintance & Baker, 1913 Leucopogonella Dumbleton, 1961 Lipaleyrodes Takahashi, 1962 Lukotekia Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013 Malayaleyrodes Corbett, 1935 Marginaleyrodes Takahashi, 1961 麻粉蝨屬 Massilieurodes Goux, 1939 Metabemisia Takahashi, 1963 Metaleurodicus Quaintance & Baker, 1913 Metaleyrodes Sampson, 1943 Mexicaleyrodes Sampson & Drews, 1941 Milleraleurodes Phillips & Jesudasan, 2013 Milqartis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015 Minutabythus Kaddumi, 2005 Minutaleyrodes Jesudasan & David, 1990 Mixaleyrodes Takahashi, 1936 Mohanasundaramiella David, 2000 Nealeurodicus Hempel, 1923 Nealeyrodes Hempel, 1923 Neoaleurodes Bondar, 1923 Neoaleurolobus Takahashi, 1951 Neoaleurotrachelus Takahashi & Mamet, 1952 Neomaskellia Quaintance & Baker, 1913 Neopealius Takahashi, 1954 Nigrasialeyrodes Martin & Carver, 1999 Nipaleyrodes Takahashi, 1951 Octaleurodicus Hempel, 1922 Odontaleyrodes Takahashi, 1954 Oisedicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013 Orchamoplatus Russell, 1958 Orientaleyrodes David, 1993 Orstomaleyrodes Cohic, 1966 Paernis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011 Palaealeurodicus Martin, 2008 Papillipes Bink-Moenen, 1983 类伯粉虱属 Parabemisia Takahashi, 1954 Paraburmoselis Chen et al., 2019 Paraleurolobus Sampson & Drews, 1941 巢粉虱属 Paraleyrodes Quaintance, 1909 Paulianaleyrodes Cohic, 1967 Pealius Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Pectinaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983 Pentaleyrodes Takahashi, 1937 Peracchius Lima & Racca-Filho, 2005 Plataleyrodes Pogonaleyrodes Takahashi, 1955 Pseudaleurodicus Hempel, 1922 Pseudaleurolobus Hempel, 1923 Pseudaleuroplatus Martin, 1999 Pseudaleyrodes Hempel, 1923 Pseudcockerelliella Sundararaj, 2007 Pseudosynaleurodicus Gillespie, 2006 Pseudozaphanera Manzari, 2006 Rabdostigma Quaintance & Baker, 1917 Ramsesseus Zahradnik, 1970 Rhachisphora Quaintance & Baker, 1917 Rosanovia Danzig, 1969 Rositaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994 Rovnodicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015 Rugaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983 Rusostigma Quaintance & Baker, 1917 Russellaleyrodes Septaleurodicus Sampson, 1943 Septemaleurodes Dubey, 2013 Setaleyrodes Takahashi, 1931 Shanthiniae David, 2000 Shapashe Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015 Simplaleurodes Goux, 1945 迷粉虱属 Singhiella Sampson, 1943 Singhius Takahashi, 1932 Sinicoselis Drohojowska et al., 2019 Siphoninuns Siphoninus Silvestri, 1915 Siphonius Snotra Szwedo & Drohojowska, 2014 Sphericaleyrodes Stenaleyrodes Takahashi, 1938 Synaleurodicus Solomon, 1935 Taiwanaleyrodes Takahashi, 1932 Tegmaleurodes Martin, 2005 Tetraleurodes Cockerell, 1902 Tetralicia Harrison, 1917 Trialeurodes Cockerell, 1902 Trialeurolonga Martin, 2005 Trichoaleyrodes Takahashi & Mamet, 1952 Tuberaleyrodes Takahashi, 1932 Udamoselis Enderlein, 1909 Uraleyrodes Sampson & Drews, 1941 Vasantharajiella David, 2000 Vasdavidius Russell, 2000 Venezaleurodes Russell, 1967 Viennotaleyrodes Cohic, 1968 Xenaleyrodes Takahashi, 1936 Xenobemisia Takahashi, 1951 Yamis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015 Yleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983 Zaphanera Corbett, 1926 Martin, J.H.; Mound, L.A. An annotated check list of the world's whiteflies (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa. 2007, 1492: 1–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1492.1.1 .  何小芳; 徐铭健，诸葛敏，邓建宇，周国鑫，徐志宏，王吉锐. 浙江地区梨树上粉虱类害虫种类初记. 环境昆虫学报. 2022, 44 (1): 118–126 [2022-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-21）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) Martin, J. H. An identification guide to common whitefly pest species of the world (Homopt Aleyrodidae). Tropical Pest Management. 1987-01, 33 (4): 298–322. doi:10.1080/09670878709371174.  Anil Kumar Dubey & Paul A. Brown (2021) Six new species of Aleuromarginatus Corbett, 1935 and Paramarginatus sarawakensis Dubey gen. and sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Southeast Asia, Journal of Natural History, 55:41-42, 2605-2649, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.2008038 维基共享资源中相關的多媒體資源：粉虱科