WR 25

WR 25（HD 93162）是在船底座星雲湍流恆星形成區的聯星系統，距離地球大約6,800光年。它包含一顆沃夫–瑞葉星和一顆熱且明亮伴星，並且是川普勒16星團的成員。 WR 25因為它的亮度和光譜以寬發射線為主，在19世紀就被認定為沃夫–瑞葉星。它的光譜包含氫線，介於經典的WN星和O型超巨星之間。這導致早期報告是聯星，例如WN7星加上O7的恆星。它也被描述為WN7 + abs和WN6ha。WR 25的光譜被歸類為特定分類引進的熱斜槓星，O2.5If*/WN6 。由許多微弱的發射譜線，認識到有氮的存在，還有一些氫和氦的吸收線。這個分類表示比WN6ha光譜類型更精細，有更弱的發射線和更強的吸收線。但是無法清楚的檢測到伴星的光譜，而對伴星的認識毫無貢獻。 WR 25系統的主星大約比太陽亮240萬倍，並照亮了川普勒16星團的遠端。用於推導恆星參數的模型不適合在聯星系統中使用，作者指出伴星佔系統亮度的15%以上，因此亮度極不穩定。早先基於電離通量測量的估計所產生的值為太陽的150萬倍，其它物理數據的估計值也相應降低。 伴星被認為是一顆年輕的炙熱大質量恆星，類似於其它已知的WR + O 或WR + WR聯星。據報導，它曾被視為O4超巨星，但後續的測量仍然不確定確實的光譜類型。兩顆炙熱恆星的恆星風碰撞，產生硬X射線，而早在檢測到208天的軌道周期之前出，就懷疑是聯星。 WR 25雖然非常明亮，但由於星雲中大量灰塵的消光，以及大部分的輻射是在紫外線，所以無法以肉眼看見，而只能在X射線和紅外線中觀測。 WR 25位於川普勒16星團的西側邊界處，是銀河系中最巨大的OB星協船底座OB1的一部分。由於它極端的亮度，對恆星環境有極大的影響，從恆星移動離開的細長弧線和細絲中可以看到手指星雲。 R136a1 手槍星 WR 102ka LBV 1806-20 Roeser, S.; Bastian, U. A new star catalogue of SAO type. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 1988, 74: 449. Bibcode:1988A&AS...74..449R. ISSN 0365-0138.  Ducati, J. R. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2002, 2237: 0. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.  Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Morrell, N. I.; Barbá, R. H.; Walborn, N. R.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I.; Alfaro, E. J. The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS). II. Bright Southern Stars. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 2014, 211 (1): 10. Bibcode:2014ApJS..211...10S. arXiv:1312.6222 . doi:10.1088/0067-0049/211/1/10.  Gamen, R.; Gosset, E.; Morrell, N.; Niemela, V.; Sana, H.; Nazé, Y.; Rauw, G.; Barbá, R.; Solivella, G. The first orbital solution for the massive colliding-wind binary HD 93162 (≡WR 25). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2006, 460 (3): 777–782. Bibcode:2006A&A...460..777G. arXiv:astro-ph/0609454 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065618.  Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.  VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录 Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Morrell, N. I.; Barbá, R. H.; Walborn, N. R.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I.; Alfaro, E. J.; Oskinova, L. M. The Galactic WN stars revisited. Impact of Gaia distances on fundamental stellar parameters. 2019. arXiv:1904.04687  [astro-ph.SR].  Campbell, W. W. The Wolf-Rayet stars. Astronomy and Astro-Physics. 1894, 13: 448. Bibcode:1894AstAp..13..448C.  Smith, Lindsey F. A revised spectral classification system and a new catalogue for galactic Wolf-Rayet stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1968, 138: 109–121. Bibcode:1968MNRAS.138..109S. doi:10.1093/mnras/138.1.109 .  Crowther, Paul A.; Smith, Linda J.; Hillier, D. John. Tailored analyses of 24 Galactic WN stars. Space Science Reviews. 1993, 66 (1–4): 271–275. Bibcode:1993SSRv...66..271C. doi:10.1007/BF00771076.  Smith, Lindsey F.; Maeder, A. The relationship between the WR classification and stellar models. II. The WN stars without hydrogen. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1998, 334: 845. Bibcode:1998A&A...334..845S.  Crowther, Paul A.; Walborn, Nolan R. Spectral classification of O2-3.5 If*/WN5-7 stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2011, 416 (2): 1311. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.416.1311C. arXiv:1105.4757 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19129.x.  Crowther, P. A.; Dessart, L. Quantitative spectroscopy of Wolf--Rayet stars in HD 97950 and R136a -- the cores of giant H II regions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1998, 296 (3): 622–642. Bibcode:1998MNRAS.296..622C. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01400.x .  Pandey, J. C.; Pandey, S. B.; Karmakar, S. Phase-Resolvedxmm-Newtonandswiftobservations of Wr 25. The Astrophysical Journal. 2014, 788 (1): 84. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...84P. arXiv:1405.7137 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/84.  Sanchawala, K.; Chen, W. P.; Lee, H. T.; Chu, Y. H.; Nakajima, Y.; Tamura, M.; Baba, D.; Sato, S. An X‐Ray and Near‐Infrared Study of Young Stars in the Carina Nebula. The Astrophysical Journal. 2007, 656 (1): 462–473. Bibcode:2007ApJ...656..462S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.667.3955 . doi:10.1086/510184.  Wolk, Scott J.; Broos, Patrick S.; Getman, Konstantin V.; Feigelson, Eric D.; Preibisch, Thomas; Townsley, Leisa K.; Wang, Junfeng; Stassun, Keivan G.; King, Robert R.; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Moffat, Anthony F. J.; Zinnecker, Hans. The Chandra Carina Complex Project View of Trumpler 16. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 2011, 194 (1): 12. Bibcode:2011ApJS..194...12W. arXiv:1103.1126 . doi:10.1088/0067-0049/194/1/12.  Walborn, Nolan R. The Company Eta Carinae Keeps: Stellar and Interstellar Content of the Carina Nebula. Eta Carinae and the Supernova Impostors. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. 2012, 384: 25–42. Bibcode:2012ASSL..384...25W. ISBN 978-1-4614-2274-7. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2275-4_2.