通變系統

通變系統（Diasystem）是一個語言學的名詞，指同一種語言因為地理、政治、文字或其他非語言學的原因，而被認為是兩種不同的語言系統。它不同於方言：方言可能是因為長久的分隔，而使語言間產生了語音上的變化，繼而發展成為方言。但對於通變系統內的語言，卻沒有這種語音上的變化；不過亦有可能因為政治或地理環境的變化，而使用詞有所不同。 印度斯坦語（印地語-烏爾都語） 塞克語（波斯尼亞語-克羅地亞語-塞爾維亞語） 丹挪語（丹麥語-書面挪威語-新挪威語） 奧克羅曼語（奥克语-加泰罗尼亚语） 葡萄牙-加利西亞語（葡萄牙語-加里西亞語） 馬來語（馬來西亞語-印尼語） 波斯語-塔吉克語-達利語 西北官話-東干語 泰语（泰语-老挝语） 自主及發展的語言（英语：Abstand and ausbau languages）（Dachsprache） 方言连续体 多中心語言 标准语 Algeo, John, [Untitled review of The 麥考瑞辭典（英语：Macquarie Dictionary）, American Speech, 1988, 63 (2): 159–163  Allen, Harold B., Regional dialects, 1945-1974, American Speech, 1977, 52 (3/4): 163–261, doi:10.2307/455241  Auer, Peter; Di Luzio, Aldo. Introduction. Variation and convergence as a topic in dialectology and sociolinguistics. Auer, Peter; Di Luzio, Aldo (编). Variation and convergence: studies in social dialectology. 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