塔布卡水壩

塔布卡水壩（阿拉伯语：سد الطبقة‎），又稱革命水壩（阿拉伯语：سد الثورة‎），為幼发拉底河上的一座土壩（英语：embankment dam），位於拉卡上游40公里（25英里）處。水壩南方緊鄰革命市（英语：Al-Thawrah）。壩體高約60米（200英尺），長約4.5公里（2.8英里），為敘利亞境內最大的水壩。水壩完成後，上游集水區形成阿薩德湖，為敘利亞最大的湖泊。在蘇聯的援助下，塔布卡水壩始建於1968年，1973年竣工。同時跨國團隊也努力將可能遭到湮沒的考古遺址儘可能撤離及紀錄。1974年，水壩完工後，下游的水量減少，造成伊拉克抗議，後來蘇聯和沙特阿拉伯介入調停。水壩最初建造目的是為了發電、灌溉，迄今兩者仍尚未達到其最大潛在效率。 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：塔布卡水壩 Water resources management in Syria（英语：Water resources management in Syria） Baath Dam（英语：Baath Dam） Hunt 1974 Kaya 1998 Shapland 1997，第110頁 Anonymous, Group denial. Repression of Kurdish political and cultural rights in Syria (PDF), New York: Human Rights Watch, 2009 [2017-05-27], OCLC 472433635, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-08-03）  Adeel, Zafar; Mainguet, Monique, Summary Report of the Workshop, New Approaches to Water Management in Central Asia, United Nations University/ICARDA: 208–22, 2000 [2017-05-27], （原始内容存档于2010-05-28）  Akkermans, Peter M. M. G.; Schwartz, Glenn M., The archaeology of Syria. From complex hunter-gatherers to early urban societies (ca. 16,000–300 BC), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-521-79666-0  Altinbilek, Dogan, Development and Management of the Euphrates–Tigris Basin, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2004, 20 (1): 15–33, ISSN 1360-0648, doi:10.1080/07900620310001635584  Bell, Gertrude Lowthian, Amurath to Amurath, London: Macmillan & Co, 1924, OCLC 481634750  Bounni, Adnan; Lundquist, J. M., Campaign and exhibition from the Euphrates in Syria, The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 1977, 44: 1–7, ISSN 0066-0035, JSTOR 3768538  Bourgey, André, Le barrage de Tabqa et l'amenagement du bassin de l'Euphrate en Syrie, Revue de Géographie de Lyon, 1974, 49 (4): 343–354 [2017-05-27], ISSN 1960-601X, doi:10.3406/geoca.1974.1658, （原始内容存档于2015-09-24） （法语）  Collelo, Thomas, Syria: A Country Study, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1987 [2017-05-27], OCLC 44250830, （原始内容存档于2011-06-29）  Elhadj, Elie, Dry aquifers in Arab countries and the looming food crisis, Middle East Review of International Affairs, 2008, 12 (3), ISSN 1565-8996 [永久失效連結] Frenken, Karen, Irrigation in the Middle East region in figures. AQUASTAT Survey - 2008 (PDF), Rome: FAO, 2009 [2017-05-27], ISBN 978-92-5-106316-3, （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-10-11）  Hughes, Hugh, Middle East Railways, AlMashriq, 2008 [14 December 2009], （原始内容存档于2009-06-27）  Hunt, Carla, Last boat to Tabqa, Saudi Aramco World, 1974, 25 (1): 8–10, ISSN 1530-5821, （原始内容存档于2010年1月13日）  Inan, Yüksel, The law of international water courses and the Middle East (PDF), 2000, （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-18）  Jamous, Bassam, Nouveaux aménagements hydrauliques sur le Moyen Euphrate syrienne. Appel à projets archéologiques d'urgence (PDF), Studia Orontica (DGAM), 2009 [14 December 2009], （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-28） （法语）  Jones, C.; Sultan, M.; Yan, E.; Milewski, A.; Hussein, M.; Al-Dousari, A.; Al-Kaisy, S.; Becker, R., Hydrologic impacts of engineering projects on the Tigris–Euphrates system and its marshlands, Journal of Hydrology, 2008, 353: 59–75, ISSN 0022-1694, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.029  Kalpakian, Jack, Identity, conflict and cooperation in international river systems, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004, ISBN 978-0-7546-3338-9  Kangarani, Hannaneh M., Euphrates and Tigris watershed. Economic, social and institutional aspects of forest in an integrated watershed management (PDF), Rome: FAO, 2005 [2017-05-27], OCLC 444911461, （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-10-11）  Kaya, Ibrahim, The Euphrates–Tigris basin: An overview and opportunities for cooperation under international law, Arid Lands Newsletter, 1998, 44 [2017-05-27], ISSN 1092-5481, （原始内容存档于2011-06-06）  Krouma, I., National Aquaculture Sector Overview. Syrian Arab Republic. National Aquaculture Sector Overview Fact Sheets, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department (FAO), 2006 [15 December 2009], （原始内容存档于2021-02-04）  McClellan, Thomas L., Euphrates Dams, Survey of, Meyers, Eric M. (编), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Ancient Near East 2, New York: Oxford University Press: 290–292, 1997, ISBN 0-19-506512-3  McDowall, David, A modern history of the Kurds, London: I.B. Tauris, 2004, ISBN 978-1-85043-416-0  Murdoch, D. A.; Vos, R.; Abdallah, A.; Abdallah, M.; Andrews, I.; al-Asaad, A.; van Beusekom, R.; Hofland, R.; Roth, T., A Winter Survey of Syrian Wetlands. Final Report of the Syrian Wetland Expedition, January – February 2004, London: privately published, 2005, OCLC 150245788  Mutin, Georges, Le Tigre et l'Euphrate de la discorde, VertigO, 2003, 4 (3): 1–10 [2017-05-27], ISSN 1492-8442, doi:10.4000/vertigo.3869, （原始内容存档于2010-01-09） （法语）  Rahi, Khayyun A.; Halihan, Todd, Changes in the salinity of the Euphrates River system in Iraq, Regional Environmental Change, 2009, 10: 27–35, ISSN 1436-378X, doi:10.1007/s10113-009-0083-y  Reichel, Clemens, Appendix B: Site gazetteer, Wilkinson, Tony J. (编), On the margin of the Euphrates. Settlement and land use at Tell es-Sweyhat and in the Upper Lake Assad area, Syria (PDF), Oriental Institute Publications 124, Chicago: Oriental Institute: 223–261, 2004 [2017-05-27], ISBN 1-885923-29-5, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-05-16）  Scheumann, Waltina, The Euphrates issue in Turkish–Syrian relations, Brauch, Hans Günter; Liotta, P. H.; Marquina, Antonio; Rogers, Paul F.; Selim, Mohammed El-Sayed (编), Security and environment in the Mediterranean. Conceptualising security and environmental conflicts, Berlin: Springer: 745–760, 2003, ISBN 3-540-40107-5  Shapland, Greg, Rivers of discord: international water disputes in the Middle East, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1997, ISBN 978-0-312-16522-2  Wilkinson, Tony J., On the margin of the Euphrates. Settlement and land use at Tell es-Sweyhat and in the Upper Lake Assad area, Syria (PDF), Oriental Institute Publications 124, Chicago: Oriental Institute, 2004 [2017-05-27], ISBN 1-885923-29-5, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-05-16）  Wolf, Aaron T., A Hydropolitical History of the Nile, Jordan and Euphrates River Basins, Biswas, Asit K (编), International Waters of the Middle East: From Euphrates-Tigris to Nile, Oxford University Press: 5–43, 1994, ISBN 978-0-19-854862-1  Template:Euphrates dams