開後圓唇元音

開後圓唇元音（open back rounded vowel、low back rounded vowel）是母音的一種，用於一些口說語言當中，國際音標以⟨ɒ⟩代表此音，而X-SAMPA音標則以⟨Q⟩代表此音。⟨ɒ⟩這符號又稱作「倒轉手寫體a」，因為它可說是「手寫體a」（实为Latin Alpha）的倒轉版本。直線在左的「倒轉手寫體a」，不當和直線在右的「手寫體a」，也就是ɑ混淆，「手寫體a」表開後不圓唇元音，亦與此音不同。 雖然見於部分英語方言中，但高度圓唇化的/ɒ/是很少見的。在多數有此音的語言，如英語和波斯語中，/ɒ/只是稍微圓唇化而已；然而阿萨姆语據稱有個「高度圓唇的」/ɒ̹/，此音發音時，圓唇度就如/u/一般。 其元音高度為開，這意指舌頭的位置會盡量遠離齒齦。 其元音舌位是後，表示舌頭的位置會盡可能地朝向口腔後部，但不至于阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。 其圓唇度為圓唇元音，這表示嘴唇向前突起並圓形的開口，且唇內側並不露出。 While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low". Wissing (2016)，section "The unrounded low-central vowel /a/". Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)，第293–294頁. Recasens (1996)，第81, 130–131頁. Rafel (1999)，第14頁. Saborit (2009)，第25–26頁. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFSaborit2009 (help) Collins & Mees (2003)，第131頁. Collins & Mees (2003)，第132頁. Roach (2004)，第242頁. Lass, Roger. Phonology: an introduction to basic concepts. 1984: 124.  Lodge (2009)，第163頁. Lass (2002)，第115頁. W. Labov, S. Ash and C. 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