尾气

尾气是指車輛內的燃料（如天然气、汽油、柴油、重油、生物柴油混合物或煤）經過燃烧而排放出来的氣體。根据車輛发动机的类型，尾氣通过排气管等不同的方式排放到大气中。 机动车排放尾气会导致空气污染，并且是一些大城市產生煙霧的主要因素。根據麻省理工学院2013年的一项研究表明，仅在美国，每年就有53,000人因汽车尾气排放而过早死亡。根据同一所大学的另一项研究，在英国，仅尾氣造成的交通烟雾每年就会导致5,000人死亡。 火花点火发动机中： Omidvarborna; et al. Characterization of particulate matter emitted from transit buses fueled with B20 in idle modes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2014, 2 (4): 2335–2342. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2014.09.020.  Caiazzo, Fabio; Ashok, Akshay; Waitz, Ian A.; Yim, Steve H.L.; Barrett, Steven R.H. Air pollution and early deaths in the United States. Part I: Quantifying the impact of major sectors in 2005. Atmospheric Environment. November 2013, 79: 198–208. Bibcode:2013AtmEn..79..198C. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.081.  Roland Pease. Traffic pollution kills 5,000 a year in UK, says study. BBC News. [2021-07-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-03）.  Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks (PDF). Transportation and Air Quality. United States Environmental Protection Agency. [2015-04-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-06-17）.  Light-Duty Vehicle, Light-Duty Truck, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicle -- Tier 2 Exhaust Emission Standards. Emission Standards Reference Guide. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 14 November 2012 [2015-04-18]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-26）.  State and County Emission Summaries: Volatile Organic Compounds. Air emission sources. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 25 October 2013 [2015-04-18]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-16）.  Self-Study Programme 230: Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions (PDF). AUDI. April 2000 [23 March 2012]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-08-07）.  Health and Air Pollution （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Publication of the California Air Resources Board The Encyclopedia Of Filters - Dust Collection （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） An overview of the science of dust collection systems, including those used for pollution control. Cone, Tracie. California Air Pollution Kills More People Than Car Crashes, Study Shows. Huffington Post. 13 November 2008 [2015-04-18]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-01）.  Automotive Exhaust Chemicals: disease causing effects. Alpha Online. Environmed Research Inc. （原始内容存档于2014-07-05）.  Cars, Trucks, and Air Pollution. Clean Vehicles. Union of Concerned Scientists. 3 September 2013 [2015-04-18]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-07）.  General Information - Emissions and ADR's. Australian Government, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. （原始内容存档于2015-01-01）.  Environment, Health & Transportation: Motor Vehicles and Air Pollution. International Bicycle Fund. [25 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-21）.  Chevron Motor Gasoline Technical Review Chevron Diesel Fuels Technical Review 柴油尾气： U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Safety and Health Topics: Diesel Exhaust （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Partial List of Chemicals Associated with Diesel Exhaust （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Diesel Exhaust Particulates: Reasonably Anticipated to Be A Human Carcinogen Scientific Study of Harmful Effects of Diesel Exhaust: Acute Inflammatory Responses in the Airways and Peripheral Blood After Short-Term Exposure to Diesel Exhaust in Healthy Human Volunteers （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Diesel exhaust: what you need to know DieselNet: Internet Resources （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） DieselNet: Diesel Emissions （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）