乙酸铵

乙酸銨是乙酸的铵盐，分子式為CH3COONH4。它是白色、易潮解的晶体，可以由乙酸和氨反应而成。它可以在商业上买到。 乙酸铵可以由碳酸铵和乙酸中和而成或是由冰醋酸和氨气反应而成： 2   C H 3 C O O H + ( N H 4 ) 2 C O 3 ⟶ 2   N H 4 ( C H 3 C O O ) +   H 2 O +   C O 2 ↑ {\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ CH_{3}COOH+(NH_{4})_{2}CO_{3}\longrightarrow 2\ NH_{4}(CH_{3}COO)+\ H_{2}O+\ CO_{2}\uparrow } } C H 3 C O O H + N H 3 ⟶ N H 4 ( C H 3 C O O ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}COOH+NH_{3}\longrightarrow NH_{4}(CH_{3}COO)} } 乙酸铵加热脱水，生成乙酰胺： C H 3 C O O N H 4   → Δ   C H 3 − C O − N H 2 + H 2 O {\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}COONH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow[{}]{\Delta }}\ CH_{3}{-}CO{-}NH_{2}+H_{2}O} } 在有机合成中，乙酸铵可用来引入氮原子。它和醇在铱催化剂存在下反应，生成叔胺。 C H 3 C O O N H 4 + 3 R C H 2 O H   → ( C p I r ∗ C l 2 ) 2   N ( C H 2 R ) 3 + C H 3 C O O H + 3 H 2 O {\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{3}COONH_{4}+3RCH_{2}OH\ {\xrightarrow[{}]{(CpIr^{*}Cl_{2})_{2}}}\ N(CH_{2}R)_{3}+CH_{3}COOH+3H_{2}O} } 乙酸铵、1,3-二羰基化合物和苯偶姻衍生物的一锅法会生成四取代吡咯，反应不需要溶剂和催化剂。 在汉奇吡啶合成反应的变种中，1,4-二氢吡啶的衍生物可以通过β-羰基羧酸酯、醛和乙酸铵的反应产生。 乙酸铵可用作缓冲物质。由于它在低压下会挥发，因此在制备质谱样品时被用于替代不挥发的缓冲物质。乙酸铵也被用作食品添加剂，食品添加剂国际编码为264。它已被澳大利亚和纽西兰批准使用。 此外，乙酸铵还用于纺织和橡胶工业、农业和食品技术以及各种有机合成中。 Pradyot, Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2003. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.  Safety Data Sheet of Ammonium Acetate (PDF). tedia.com. Tedia Company Inc. 2011-08-12 [2014-06-10]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-12-07）.  Ammonium acetate. [2022-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-14）.  Davidson, Arthur W.; McAllister, Walter H. Solutions of Salts in Pure Acetic Acid. Ii. Solubilities of Acetates1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1930, 52 (2): 507–519. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01365a010.  Hosea Cheung; Robin S. Tanke; G. Paul Torrence, Acetic Acid, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_045.pub2  Brannt, William. A practical treatise on the manufacture of vinegar. Lancaster, PA: Henry Carey Baird & Co. 1914: 316–317.  Ammonium acetate. In: e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley and Sons, 1999–2013, abgerufen am 17. Februar 2018. Yamaguchi, Ryohei; Kawagoe, Shoko; Asai, Chiho; Fujita, Ken-ichi. Selective Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Amines by Cp*Iridium-Catalyzed Multialkylation of Ammonium Salts with Alcohols. Organic Letters (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2007-12-13, 10 (2): 181–184. ISSN 1523-7060. doi:10.1021/ol702522k.  Bhat, Subrahmanya Ishwar; Trivedi, Darshak R. A catalyst- and solvent-free three-component reaction for the regioselective one-pot access to polyfunctionalized pyrroles. Tetrahedron Letters (Elsevier BV). 2013, 54 (41): 5577–5582. ISSN 0040-4039. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.153.  Heydari, Akbar; Azizi, Kobra; Azarnia, Jamshid; Karimi, Meghdad; Yazdani, Elahe. Novel Magnetically Separable Sulfated Boric Acid Functionalized Nanoparticles for Hantzsch Ester Synthesis. Synlett (Georg Thieme Verlag KG). 2016-04-26, 27 (12): 1810–1813. ISSN 0936-5214. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1561441.  Williams, Robert J.; Lyman, Carl M. The Use of Ammonium Acetate as a Buffer. Journal of the American Chemical Society (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1932, 54 (11): 4458–4458. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01350a503.  Berman, Elena S. F.; Fortson, Susan L.; Checchi, Kyle D.; Wu, Ligang; Felton, James S.; Kuang Jen, J. Wu; Kulp, Kristen S. Preparation of single cells for imaging/profiling mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2008, 19 (8): 1230–1236. PMID 18565760. doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2008.05.006 .  Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients. [2011-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-02）.  Barthakur, Madan. Ammonium Acetate. Synlett (Georg Thieme Verlag KG). 2007, 2007 (9): 1475–1476. ISSN 0936-5214. doi:10.1055/s-2007-980375.