天南星属

天南星属（学名：Arisaema）是天南星科下唯一雌雄异株的属，为多年生草本植物。该属共有至少197种，分布于热带和温带亚洲。其分布和物种分化的中心位于喜马拉雅山脉至横断山脉地区。 天南星属的物种具有直立且狭长的佛焰苞，主要通过双翅目昆虫中的菌蚊科和眼蕈蚊科的蕈蚊进行传粉。在每个生长季中，天南星属的雌雄异株植物会表现出雌性、雄性和无性三种性别状态，偶尔也会出现雌雄同株的现象。 本属包括以下物种： Alocasia coriacea L.Linden Alocasia putii Gagnep. Arisaema abei Seriz. Arisaema aequinoctiale Nakai & F.Maek. Arisaema agasthyanum Sivad. & C.S.Kumar Arisaema album N.E.Br. 东北南星 Arisaema amurense Maxim. 齿叶东北南星 Arisaema amurense var. serratum Arisaema anatinum Brugg. 狭叶南星 Arisaema angustatum Franch. & Sav. Arisaema anomalum Hemsl. Arisaema aprile J.Murata 旱生南星 Arisaema aridum H.Li 阿里山南星 Arisaema arisanense 刺柄南星 Arisaema asperatum N.E.Br. Arisaema atropurpurea Blume Arisaema attenuatum E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch. 长耳南星 Arisaema auriculatum Buchet 滇南星 Arisaema austroyunnanense H.Li Arisaema averyanovii V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce Arisaema balansae Engl. Arisaema bannaense H.Li Arisaema barbatum Buchet Arisaema barnesiae C.E.C.Fisch. Arisaema barnesii C.E.C.Fisch. 银南星 Arisaema bathycoleum Hand.-Mazz. Arisaema biauriculatum W.W.Sm. 大关山南星 Arisaema biradiatifolium 七叶灯台莲 Arisaema bockii Engl. Arisaema bogneri P.C.Boyce & H.Li 沧江南星 Arisaema bonatianum Engl. Arisaema bottae Schott 短檐南星 Arisaema brachyspathum 短柄南星 Arisaema brevipes 短苞南星 Arisaema brevispathum Arisaema brinchangense Y.W.Low, Scherber. & Gusman Arisaema brucei H.Li, R.Li & J.Murata Arisaema burmaense P.C.Boyce & H.Li 红根南星 Arisaema calcareum H.Li 白苞南星 Arisaema candidissimum W.W.Sm. Arisaema caudatum Engl. Arisaema chauvanminhii Luu, Q.D.Nguyen & N.L.Vu Arisaema chenii Z.X.Ma & Yi Jun Huang Arisaema chumponense Gagnep. 双耳南星 Arisaema ciliatum H.Li 棒头南星 Arisaema clavatum Buchet Arisaema claviforme Brugg., J.Ponert, Rybková & Vuong 皱序南星 Arisaema concinnum Schott Arisaema condaoense V.D.Nguyen Arisaema condaoensis V.D.Nguyen 长行天南星 Arisaema consanguineum Schott Arisaema constrictum E.Barnes 心檐南星 Arisaema cordatum N.E.Br. 多脉南星 Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart. Arisaema cretacea Lesquereux, 1891 Arisaema cucullatum M.Hotta 会泽南星 Arisaema dahaiense H.Li 奇异南星 Arisaema decipiens Schott 大理南星 Arisaema delavayi 粗序南星 Arisaema dilatatum Arisaema dioscoridis Royle, 1840 Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott 云台南星 Arisaema du-bois-reymondiae 刺棒南星 Arisaema echinatum (Wall.) Schott Arisaema echinoides H.Li Arisaema ehimense J.Murata & J.Ohno 象南星 Arisaema elephas Buchet Arisaema enneaphyllum Hochst. ex A.Rich. Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott 圈药南星 Arisaema exappendiculatum H.Hara 螃蟹七 Arisaema fargesii Buchet Arisaema filiforme (Reinw.) Blume Arisaema fimbriatum Mast. Arisaema fischeri Manudev & Nampy 黄苞南星 Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott 台灣天南星 Arisaema formosanum (Hayata) Hayata 象头花 Arisaema franchetianum Engl. Arisaema fraternum Schott Arisaema galeaeforme Seriz. Arisaema galeatum N.E.Br. Arisaema garrettii Gagnep. Arisaema ghaticum (Sardesai, S.P.Gaikwad & S.R.Yadav) Punekar & Kumaran 二色南星 Arisaema grapsospadix Hayata 翼檐南星 Arisaema griffithii Schott Arisaema guangxiense G.W.Hu & H.Li Arisaema guttatum Wall. 黎婆花 Arisaema hainanense C.Y.Wu ex H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng 疣序南星 Arisaema handelii Stapf ex Hand.-Mazz. Arisaema heptaphyllum Blume Arisaema hesperia Knowlton, 1926 Arisaema heterocephalum Koidz. 天南星 Arisaema heterophyllum Blume Arisaema honbaense Luu, Tich, G.Tran & V.D.Nguyen 湘南星 Arisaema hunanense Hand.-Mazz. 洪雅南星 Arisaema hungyaense 宜兰天南星 Arisaema ilanense J.C.Wang Arisaema inaense (Seriz.) Seriz. ex K.Sasam. & J.Murata Arisaema inclusum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. ex B.D.Jacks. Arisaema inclusum N.E.Br. 三匹箭 Arisaema inkiangense 斑叶三匹箭 Arisaema inkiangense var. maculatum 高原南星 Arisaema intermedium Blume Arisaema ishizuchiense Murata Arisaema iyoanum Makino 藏南绿南星 Arisaema jacquemontii Blume 蛇头草 Arisaema japonicum Blume Arisaema jethompsonii Thiyagaraj & P.Daniel Arisaema jingdongense H.Peng & H.Li Arisaema kawashimae Seriz. 基隆南星 Arisaema kelung-insulare Arisaema kerrii Craib Arisaema kishidae Makino ex Nakai Arisaema kishidai Makino ex Nakai, 1917 Arisaema kiushianum Makino Arisaema kuratae Seriz. Arisaema lackneri Engl. Arisaema laminatum Blume Arisaema langbiangense Luu, Nguyen-Phi & H.T.Van Arisaema leschenaultii Blume 丽江南星 Arisaema lichiangense W.W.Sm. Arisaema lidaense J.Murata & S.K.Wu Arisaema lihenganum J.Murata & S.K.Wu Arisaema lihengianum J.Murata & S.K.Wu Arisaema limbatum Nakai & F.Maek. 线叶南星 Arisaema lineare 凌云南星 Arisaema lingyunense H.Li 花南星 Arisaema lobatum Engl. Arisaema longecaudatum Blatt., 1931 Arisaema longipedunculatum M.Hotta Arisaema longitubum Z.X.Ma Arisaema lushuiense G.W.Hu & H.Li Arisaema macrospathum Benth. Arisaema madhuanum Nampy & Manudev Arisaema maekawae J.Murata & S.Kakish. Arisaema mairei H.Lév. 线花天南星 Arisaema matsudae 线花南星 Arisaema matsudai Arisaema mattewanense Hollick, 1897 Arisaema maximowiczii (Engl.) Nakai Arisaema maxwellii Hett. & Gusman Arisaema mayebarae Nakai Arisaema melanostoma Z.X.Ma, X.Yun Wang & W.Y.Du 褐斑南星 Arisaema meleagris Buchet 具齿褐斑南星 Arisaema meleagris var. sinuatum Arisaema menglaense Y.H.Ji, H.Li & Z.F.Xu Arisaema microspadix Engl. Arisaema mildbraedii Engl. Arisaema minamitanii Seriz. Arisaema minus (Seriz.) J.Murata Arisaema monophyllum Nakai Arisaema mooneyanum M.G.Gilbert & Mayo Arisaema multicarinatum Wall. ex Royle 多裂南星 Arisaema multisectum Arisaema muratae Gusman & J.T.Yin Arisaema muricaudatum Sivad. Arisaema murrayi (J.Graham) Hook. Arisaema nagiense Tom.Kobay., K.Sasam. & J.Murata Arisaema nambae Kitam. 南潭南星 Arisaema nangtciangense Pamp. 南仁山天南星 Arisaema nanjenense 南漳南星 Arisaema nantciangense Arisaema negishii Makino 猪笼南星 Arisaema nepenthoides (Wall.) Mart. Arisaema nikoense Nakai Arisaema nilamburense Sivad. Arisaema nonghinense Klinrat. & Yannawat 溪南山南星 Arisaema oblanceolatum Arisaema odoratum J.Murata & S.K.Wu Arisaema ogatae Koidz. Arisaema omkoiense Gusman 驴耳南星 Arisaema onoticum Arisaema ornatum Miq. Arisaema ovale Nakai Arisaema pachystachyum Hett. & Gusman Arisaema pallidum Engl. Arisaema pangii H.Li Arisaema parisifolium J.Murata 小南星 Arisaema parvum N.E.Br. ex Hemsl. Arisaema pattaniense Gagnep. Arisaema peerumedense J.Mathew Arisaema peltatum C.E.C.Fisch. 画笔南星 Arisaema penicillatum N.E.Br. Arisaema petelotii K.Krause 三匹箭 Arisaema petiolulatum Hook.f. Arisaema pianmaense H.Li Arisaema pierreanum Engl. Arisaema pingbianense H.Li Arisaema polyphyllum (Blanco) Merr. 河谷南星 Arisaema prazeri Hook.f. 藏南星 Arisaema propinquum Schott Arisaema pseudoangustatum Seriz. Arisaema psittacus E.Barnes Arisaema purpureogaleatum Engl. Arisaema quinatum (Nutt.) Schott Arisaema ramulosum Alderw. 雪里见 Arisaema rhizomatum 绥阳雪里见 Arisaema rhizomatum var. nudum 黑南星 Arisaema rhombiforme 普陀南星 Arisaema ringens (Thunb.) Schott Arisaema rostratum V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce Arisaema roxburghii Kunth Arisaema rubrirhizomatum H.Li & J.Murata Arisaema ruwenzoricum N.E.Br. Arisaema sachalinense (Miyabe & Kudô) J.Murata Arisaema saddlepeakense P.S.N.Rao & S.K.Srivast. Arisaema sarracenioides E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch. 岩生南星 Arisaema saxatile Buchet Arisaema sazensoo (Blume) Makino Arisaema schimperianum Schott Arisaema scortechinii Hook.f. Arisaema seppikoense Kitam. 细齿南星 Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott 绿苞细齿南星 Arisaema serratum var. viridescens Arisaema setosum A.S.Rao & D.M.Verma 石棉南星 Arisaema shihmienense Arisaema siamicum Gagnep. Arisaema sikkimense Stapf, 1925 全缘灯台莲 Arisaema sikokianum Franch. & Sav. 灯台莲 Arisaema sikokianum var. serratum 鄂西南星 Arisaema silvestrii Pamp. 瑶山南星 Arisaema sinii K.Krause Arisaema sizemoreae Hett. & Gusman 相岭南星 Arisaema smithii Arisaema smitinandii S.Y.Hu Arisaema somalense M.G.Gilbert & Mayo 东俄洛南星 Arisaema souliei Buchet 美丽南星 Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart. Arisaema subulatum Manudev & Nampy Arisaema sukotaiense Gagnep. 台北南星 Arisaema taihokense 蓬萊天南星 Arisaema taiwanense J.Murata Arisaema tamulosum Alderw. Arisaema tashiroi Kitam. 腾冲南星 Arisaema tengtsungense H.Li Arisaema ternatipartitum Makino Arisaema thunbergii Blume 曲序南星 Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott 曲序南星 Arisaema tortuosum Steud. ex Engl., 1879 Arisaema tosaense Makino Arisaema translucens C.E.C.Fisch. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Arisaema tuberculatum C.E.C.Fisch. Arisaema ulugurense M.G.Gilbert & Mayo Arisaema umbrinum Ridl. Arisaema undulatifolium Nakai 洱海南星 Arisaema undulatum 网檐南星 Arisaema utile Hook.f. ex Engl. Arisaema utile Hook.f. ex Schott Arisaema vexillatum H.Hara & H.Ohashi Arisaema victoriae V.D.Nguyen Arisaema wangmoense M.T.An, H.H.Zhang & Q.Lin 隐序南星 Arisaema wardii C.Marquand & Airy Shaw Arisaema wattii Hook.f. Arisaema wightinum Bhone 川中南星 Arisaema wilsonii Engl. 短柄川中南星 Arisaema wilsonii var. forrestii Arisaema wrayi Hemsl. Arisaema xuanweiense H.Li Arisaema yakusimense Nakai, 1935 Arisaema yamatense (Nakai) Nakai 山珠南星 Arisaema yunnanense Buchet 樟瑯乡南星 Arisaema zanlanscianense Arisaema zhui H.Li Arisaema Mart.. Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. [2019-09-07]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-28）.  Barriault, I.; BarabÃ©, D.; Cloutier, L.; Gibernau, M. Pollination ecology and reproductive success in Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) in QuÃ©bec (Canada): Pollination of Arisaema triphyllum. 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