胡蜂科

胡蜂科（Vespidae）是膜翅目胡蜂總科下的一個大科，其下有將近五千種生物，既有群居的蜂；也有獨居的蜂。其下的多種生物都是花粉的傳播者。 胡蜂科下的馬蜂亞科（Polistinae）和胡蜂亞科（Vespinae）全部是群居性生物，而蜾蠃亞科、Euparagiinae和Masarinae與之完全相反，全部是獨居生物。只有狭腹胡蜂亚科的生物二者兼具。 馬蜂亞科和胡蜂亞科的生物並不直接取用獵物，而是在將其餵給幼蟲後食用幼蟲排出的含有高氨基酸的液體。 本科包括以下属： Acarepipona Giordani Soika, 1985 Acutopterocheilus Kurzenko, 1988 Aethiopicodynerus Gusenleitner, 1997 Agalaia Agelaia Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836 Alastoroides Saussure, 1856 Alivespa Wu et al., 2020 Alpha Dalla Torre, 1904 Alstor Ancistrocerus Wesmael, 1836 Ancystrocerus Dalla Torre, 1894 Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946 Anischnogaster Anthreneida White, 1841 Apoica Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836 Archaeovespa Wu et al., 2020 Asiapterocheilus Kurzenko, 1988 Asteloeca Raw, 1985 Atropancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938 Baeoprymna Cameron, 1912 Beta Dalla Torre, 1904 Brachygastra Perty, 1833 Caba Ihering, 1904 Cesachilus Koçak et Kemal, 2010 Chalogaster Carpenter et Starr, 2000 Chartergellus Bequaert, 1938 Charterginus Fox, 1898 Chatergellus Clypearia de Saussure, 1854 Clypeopolybia Brèthes, 1923 Covextrocerus Curiosavespa Curiosivespa Rasnitsyn, 1975 Cyanotiphia Cameron, 1907 Cyrtalabulus Deuterapoica Dalla Torre, 1904 Deuterepipona Blüthgen, 1951 Didymogastra Perty, 1833 Dolchivespula 长黄胡蜂属 Dolichovespula Rohwer, 1916 Duckea Silveira, 2008 Emeryrhynchium Gusenleitner, 2007 Epicnemius Richards, 1973 Epipona Latreille, 1802 Estiella Giordani Soika, 1992 Eualastor Dalla Torre, 1904 Euceramius Dalla Torre, 1904 Euleptochilus Bluthgen, 1943 Eumenes Latreille, 1802 Eumenidium Eumontezumia Dalla Torre, 1904 Euodynerus Dalla Torre, 1904 Eupolybia Dalla Torre, 1904 Eurrhynchium Dalla Torre, 1904 Eustennogaster ，也拼作 Eustenogaster Eusynagris Dalla Torre, 1904 Extraepipona Gusenleitner, 2014 Extreuodynerus Gusenleitner, 2007 Fuscopolistes Richards, 1973 Ghilarocheilus Kurzenko, 1988 Gibberrhynchium Gusenleitner, 2002 Gibbodynerus Gusenleitner, 2000 Gnatho Klug, 1810 Gribodiana Gusenleitner, 2011 Gymnopolybia Ducke, 1914 Hymenosmithia Dalla Torre, 1904 Hypalastoroidwes Hypodynerus Saussure, 1855 Icaria de Saussure, 1853 Icariastrum Dalla Torre, 1904 Immutatus Gusenleitner, 2011 Indodynerus Gusenleitner, 2008 Ischnogaster Ischogasteroides Kalliepipona Giordani Soika, 1952 Leipomeles Möbius, 1856 Leptocilus Leptopolistes Blüthgen, 1943 Lionotus Thomson, 1870 Liostenogaster Marimbonda Richards, 1978 Masariella Brauns, 1905 Megacanothopus Megacanthopus Ducke, 1904 Megaodynerus Megapterocheilus Bohart, 1940 Melissaia Shuckard, 1841 Metapolybia Ducke, 1905 Metischnogaster Micropterocheilus Bohart, 1940 Mischocyttarius Mischocyttarus Saussure, 1853 Mischocyttarys Mischocyytarus Monacanthocnemis Ducke, 1905 Monerebia Saussure, 1852 Monoplomerus Blüthgen, 1941 Myrapetra White, 1841 Myraptera Curtis, 1844 Nectarina Shuckard, 1840 Nectarinella Bequaert, 1938 Neodiscoelius Stange, 1979 Neopterocheilus Kurzenko, 1988 Nicastrocerus Norteumenes Gusenleitner et Gusenleitner, 2013 Nygmopolistes Richards, 1973 Odnyerus 盾蜾蠃属 Latreille, 1802 Okinawepipona Nguyen, Nguyen et Bozdoğan, 2018 Onchopterocheilus Bohart, 1940 Onerarius Richards, 1973 Orientalicesa Koçak et Kemal, 2010 Pachyodynerus Palaeopolistes Perrard et Carpenter, 2014 Palaeopolybia Antropov, 2014 古黄蜂属 Palaeovespa Cockerell, 1906 Palisotius Richards, 1973 Paraceramius Saussure, 1855 Parachartergus R.von Ihering, 1904 Paraicaria Gribodo, 1892 Parapolybia Saussure, 1854 Pararhaphidoglossa von Schulthess, 1910 Parastalor Blöthgen, 1939 Parasymmorphus Gumming & van der Vecht, 1986 Paratropancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938 Paravespa Bell, 1936 侧狭腹胡蜂属 Parischnogaster Schulthess, 1914 Polistarchus Richards, 1973 Polistoides Dalla Torre, 1904 Polistoides Reemer Polistratus Cameron, 1906 Polybia Richards, 1978 Polybioides Buysson, 1913 Priorparagia Brothers et Rasnitsyn, 2008 Priorvespa Carpenter et Rasnitsyn, 1990 Protapoica Dalla Torre, 1904 Protonectarina Ducke, 1910 Protopolistes Antropov, 2014 Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 Protovespa Perrard et Carpenter, 2017 Provespa Ashmead, 1903 Pseudepipona Blüthgen, 1938 Pseudochartergus Ducke, 1905 Pseudomicrodyneru Pseudonortonia Giordani Soika, 1936 Pseudopolybia de Saussure, 1863 Pseudopterochilus Kostuilev, 1940 Pseudpolistes Psiloglossa Dalla Torre, 1894 Rethus Rhaphidoglossa Dalla Torre, 1894 铃腹胡蜂属 Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville, 1831 Sarochilus Gusenleitner, 1970 Saryara Kuznetzov, 1923 Saussurea Silveira, 2008 Scytokeraia Cooper, 1997 Sibyllina Westwood, 1868 Simplepipona Gusenleitner, 2004 Smithia Saussure, 1855 Sphaerancistrocerus Antropov, 2014 Stelopolybia Ducke, 1910 Stenancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938 Stenochilus Giordani Soika, 1987 Stenodyneroides Giordani Soika, 1940 Stenodyneru Stenogaster Guérin, 1831 Sybillina Dalla Torre, 1894 Synoeca de Saussure, 1852 Synoecoides Ducke, 1905 Tanyzethus Cameron, 1910 Tatua Saussure, 1854 Tetrarthra Dalla Torre, 1904 Triarthra Dalla Torre, 1904 Trichinothorax Carpenter et Day, 1988 Trichothorax Richards, 1978 Ubirodynerus Borsato, 1994 胡蜂属 Linnaeus, 1758 黄胡蜂属 Thomson, 1869 Wettsteinia Dalla Torre, 1904 Zetamenes Bertoni, 1925 Zethoides Fox, 1899 Sühs, R.B.; Somavilla, A.; Putzke, J.; Köhler, A. 2009.Pollen vector wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Brazilian Journal of Biosciences 7, n. 2, p. 138-143. Hunt, J. H., I. Baker, and H. G. Baker. 1982. Similarity of amino acids in nectar and larval saliva: the nutritional basis for trophallaxis in social wasps. Evolution 36: 1318-1322 Vespidae. GBIF. [2022-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-18）.  维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：胡蜂科 Evolutionary history of social behavior in Vespids Stunning photographs of Vespidae (and other insects) in flight （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Vespidae: Potter wasps; vespid wasps; social wasps; hornets; paper wasps; yellowjackets （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）