蜻蛉目

蜻蛉目（學名：Odonata）的昆蟲主要包括蜻蜓和豆娘，又名丁蛵、虰蛵。這些昆蟲有著碩大的複眼、兩對強而有力的透明翅膀，與及修長的腹部。 蜻蛉目為肉食性昆蟲。頭部靈活，複眼發達，單眼3個。觸角短，4-7節。翅膀4翼，細長。腹部修長。為不完全變態，稚蟲水棲，無蛹期。蜻蛉目的昆蟲包含「豆娘」和「蜻蜓」二大類；細長的身體、二對透明的翅膀、一對大複眼是牠們的共同特徵。種類繁多，目前全世界已知約有5900種以上。 蜻蜓身體較為扁平粗壯，兩側的複眼距離較近，甚至連接；停棲時其翅膀平展至兩側。成語「蜻蜓點水」就是描述牠的產卵動作，卵在水裡孵化成稚蟲（水蠆），稚蟲沒有尾鰓，以直腸腮呼吸。 豆娘身體較為纖細，頭部似啞鈴狀，兩側為明顯的複眼，停棲時多數種類會將上下翅疊合在一起。稚蟲（水蠆）尾部有3個葉片狀的尾絲即是尾鰓。 兩類幼蟲的生態相似，均以捕捉小型魚類、蝌蚪或其它水生昆蟲為食。 以下列表根據2014年zootaxa的分類作成： 昔蜓總科 Epiophlebioidea 昔蟌科（蟌蜓科） Epiophlebiidae 晏蜓總科（蜓總科） Aeshnoidea 晏蜓科（蜓科）Aeshnidae 澳蜓科 Austropetaliidae 古蜓總科 Petaluroidea 古蜓科 Petaluridae 春蜓總科 Gomphoidea 春蜓科（箭蜓科）Gomphidae 勾蜓總科 Cordulegastroidea 臀套大蜓科（英语：Chlorogomphidae） Chlorogomphidae 勾蜓科（大蜓科）Cordulegastridae 新蜓科 Neopetaliidae 蜻蜓總科 Libelluloidea 澳蜻蛉科 Synthemistidae 大蜻科（山蜻蛉科）Macromiidae 弓蜓科（偽蜓科）Corduliidae 蜻蜓科（蜻科） Libellulidae 絲蟌總科 Lestoidea 歧蟌科 Hemiphlebiidae 絲蟌科 Lestidae 洵蟌科 Synlestidae 環蟌科 Perilestidae 短脈蟌總科 Platystictoidea 短脈蟌科（扁蟌科） Platystictidae 珈蟌總科 Calopterygoidea 麗蟌科 Amphipterygidae 珈蟌科（河蟌科、色蟌科）Calopterygidae 鼓蟌科（鼻蟌科）Chlorocyphidae Dicteriadidae（英语：Dicteriadidae） 幽蟌科 Euphaeidae 擬絲蟌科 Lestoideidae 蹣蟌科 Megapodagrionidae Philogangidae 美蟌科 Polythoridae Pseudolestidae 細蟌總科 Coenagrionoidea Isostictidae（英语：Isostictidae） 琵蟌科 Platycnemididae 細蟌科 Coenagrionidae 科的地位未定的属： Ablepsites Gistl, 1848 Accaphila Kirby, 1909 Acrophlebia Cowley, 1942 Acrotropia Schummel, 1828 Adelophebia Pritykina, 1980 Aeschnopsis Cowley, 1942 Africalestes Kennedy, 1920 Agrion Leach, 1815 Anaciagrion Kennedy, 1920 Anapetes Burmeister, 1839 Andrephlebia Bechly, 2019 Anomalura Kennedy, 1920 Anomothemis Handlirsch, 1906 Anticordulia Needham & Bullock, 1943 Antitaxineura Tillyard, 1935 Apeleutherus Kirby, 1900 Archaeallagma Kennedy, 1920 Archiclops Karsch, 1891 Archithemis Handlirsch, 1906 Aurorachlorus Carle, 1995 Austrolestidion Tillyard, 1916 Austrolibellula Petrulevicius & Nel, 2003 Austroprotolindenia Beattie & Nel, 2012 Azuma Needham, 1904 Balticoagrion Bechly, 2012 Bechlya Jarzembowski & Nel, 2002 Brachybasis Kirby, 1890 Brunellopteron Béthoux, Deregnaucourt & Norrad, 2021 Burmastenophlebia Huang et al., 2018 Cacergates Kirby, 1889 Caenoneura Kirby, 1890 Caleimokaltania Zalesskii, 1955 Calesynthemis Carle, 1995 Calopteryx de Charpentier, 1839 Camptotaxineura Tillyard, 1937 Carpentertypus Zessin, 1983 Celaenura Kennedy, 1917 Ceratopyga Nunney, 1895 Cercus Hong, 1982 Cerdanyagrion Nel, Arillo & Martinez-Delclos, 1996 Ceylanicolestes Fraser, 1924 Chalcargia Kennedy, 1920 Chloroneura Laidlaw, 1917 Chromatoptera Schummel, 1828 Cladophlebia Pritykina, 1981 Clydonophlebia Cowley, 1942 Cnemophila Wallengren, 1894 Coenargiocnemis Fraser, 1949 Condalia Whalley & Jarzembowski, 1985 Cornacantha Martin, 1908 Cratostenophlebia Bechly, 2007 Cretahemiphlebia Jarzembowski, Martinez-Delclos, Bechly, Nel, Coram & Escuillie, 1998 Cretalestes Jarzembowski, Martinez-Delclos, Bechly, Nel, Coram & Escuillie, 1998 Cretaneophyla Jarzembowski & Nel, 1996 Cretapodagrion Huang et al., 2017 Cretarchistigma Jarzembowski, Martinez-Delclos, Bechly, Nel, Coram & Escuillie, 1998 Cyanargia Kennedy, 1920 Cymatophlebiella Pritykina, 1968 Cymatophlebiopsis Cowley, 1942 Cynaothemis Ris, 1915 Cyptolestes Williamson, 1921 Daemhippus Navás, 1927 Diargia Calvert, 1909 Dinosamarura Pritykina, 1985 Diplacodina Förster, 1905 Disparonevra Selys, 1860 Dissurus Hong, 1982 Ditaxineurella Martynov, 1940 Dolaeschna Needham, 1907 Doropteron Zalessky, 1946 Echinopterogomphus Fraser, 1926 Eocalopteryx Cockerell, 1920 Eodichroma Cockerell, 1923 Eodysphaea Bechly, Romain, Aase, Karr, Grance & Nel, 2020 Eolestes Schmidt, 1943 Eolibellula Kennedy, 1922 Eorogomphus Carle, 1995 Eotania Carle & Kjer, 2002 Eothaumatoneura Pongrácz, 1935 Epacantha Martynov, 1929 Epallagites Cockerell, 1924 Epilestes Martynov, 1937 Erasipteroides Brauckmann & Zessin, 1989 Erasipteron Pruvost, 1933 Erythragrion Selys, 1876 Esaulestes Fraser, 1957 Estemoa Giebel, 1856 Euarchistigma Carle & Wighton, 1990 Euchlorolestes Kennedy, 1920 Eugomphus Kennedy, 1947 Eurothemis Kennedy, 1922 Gallostenophlebia Nel et al., 2015 Gallostenophlebia incompleta Nel et al., 2015 Gasophlebia Linnaeus, 1982 Geisfeldiella Kuhn, 1951 Goniostigma Kennedy, 1920 Hageniella Meunier, 1898 Haplostigma Kennedy, 1920 Hawaiiagrion Kennedy, 1920 Hebeiaeschnidia Hong, 1982 Heliargia Kennedy, 1920 Helothemis Karsch, 1890 Hemerobioides Buckland, 1838 Hemistigmoides Calvert, 1899 Hemizygopteron Zalesskii, 1955 Hesperaeschna Cockerell, 1913 Hispanocoenagrion Nel, Arillo & Ortuno, 1997 Hologomphus Bartenev, 1914 Holotania Kirby, 1889 Homothetus Scudder, 1867 Huabeia Hong, 1983 Hyponevra Selys, 1854 Hypostrophoneura Munz, 1919 Idionevra Selys, 1860 Indogomphus Fraser, 1922 Indomacromia Fraser, 1924 Indorogomphus Carle, 1995 Ischnallagma Kennedy, 1920 Ischnogomphus Williamson, 1918 Ischnuragrion Longfield, 1947 Ischuridia Donnelly, 1965 Italolestes Nel, Petrulevicius, Gentilini & Martínez-Delclòs, 2005 Italophlebia Whalley, 1987 Ixtahua Feldmann, Vega, Applegate & Bishop, 1998 Jacquesoudardia Prokop, Roques & Nel, 2014 Josocora Kennedy, 1940 Jujusia Petrulevicius & Nel, 2002 Kazachophlebia Pritykina, 1968 Kazakhophlebiella Nel, Bechly, Jarzembowski & Martinez-Delclos, 1998 Kirbygomphus Karsch, 1896 Kobdoneura Pritykina, 1985 Koreatriassothemis Nel, Nam & Jouault, 2022 Laragithemis Linnaeus, 1982 Leptargia Kennedy, 1920 Leucopteryx Fraser, 1933 Liadothemis Handlirsch, 1906 Liaostenophlebia Daran, Wang, Jarzembowski, Wang, Chang & Zhang, 2016 Libanolestes Azar, Prokop & Nel, 2010 Libella Selys, 1840 Libellulites Charpentier, 1840 Lithaeschna Cockerell, 1907 Litheuphaea Fraser, 1955 Lodevia Nel, Gand, Garric & Lapeyrie, 1999 Longchampia Kirby, 1890 Lutetialestes Greenwalt & Bechly, 2014 Macrosoma de Haan, 1826 Magnasupplephlebia Zessin, 1982 Malamarptis Karsch, 1890 Malayaeschna Förster, 1909 Malayogomphus Förster, 1914 Marmaraeschna Calvert, 1952 Megalaeschna Selys, 1867 Megasemum Maneval, 1936 Megatypus Tillyard, 1925 Mesostenophlebia Fleck, Bechly, Martinez-Delclos, Jarzembowski, Coram & Nel, 2003 Micrargia Kennedy, 1920 Microdiplax Selys, 1889 Monocoloptera Karsch, 1900 Morbaeschna Needham, 1907 Myagrion Förster, 1914 Nadiplax Navás, 1916 Namurotypus Brauckmann & Zessin, 1989 Negomphoides Muttkowski, 1910 Neocysta Kirby, 1889 Neoligaeschna Carpenter, 1985 Neonevra Selys, 1860 Neophlebia Selys, 1869 Neorogomphus Carle, 1995 Neotetrum Kennedy, 1922 Neothemis Karsch, 1889 Neritophlebia Pritykina, 1981 Nesocnemis Selys, 1891 Nesocria Kirby, 1889 Neureclipa Navás, 1911 Neurocena Kirby, 1900 Neurothemls Nevrocordulia Selys, 1871 Nevrolestes Selys, 1882 Nonymophlebia Pritykina, 1981 Nunneygomphus Karsch, 1896 Nympheutria Karsch, 1894 Oahuagrion Kennedy, 1920 Oligoaeshna Piton & Theobald, 1939 Oligoargiolestes Kennedy, 1925 Oligotypus Carpenter, 1931 Orogomphus Selys, 1878 Orthaeschnites Haupt, 1956 Oryctothemis Handlirsch, 1906 Oxygomphus Lacroix, 1921 Palaeobasis Kennedy, 1920 Palaeophlebia Brauer, Redtenbacher & Ganglbauer, 1889 Palaeothemis Martynov, 1932 Palpoplevra Rambur, 1842 Pamita May & Carle, 2005 Pamita hannahdaltonae May & Carle, 2005 副春蜓属 Paragomphus Handlirsch, 1939 Paralestes Schmidt, 1951 Parapetala Huang, Nel & Lin, 2003 Parazygoptera Bechly, 1997 Parelthothemis Handlirsch, 1906 Passeria Martin, 1915 Paurophlebia Pritykina, 1981 Perissophlebia Tillyard, 1918 Permagrion Tillyard, 1928 Permothemis Martynov, 1934 Petrothemis Handlirsch, 1906 Pigiphila Buchecker, 1876 Plagiophlebia Bode, 1953 Podothemis Ris, 1909 Potamothemis Kirby, 1889 Preia Gistl, 1848 Pritykiniella Nel, Bechly, Jarzembowski & Martinez-Delclos, 1998 Procordulagomphus Nel & Escuille, 1995 Progonophlebia Tillyard, 1925 Projagoria Martynov, 1929 Promegalestes Petrulevicius & Nel, 2004 Propecymatophlebia Huang et al., 2017 Prophaon Fraser, 1941 Protagrion Brongniart, 1893 Protonevra Selys, 1857 Pseudoliupanshania Zheng, Zhang, Zhang & Nel, 2022 Pseudomacromia Carle & Wighton, 1990 Pseudorthemis Förster, 1899 Pseudosamarura Linnaeus, 1976 Pycnothemis Handlirsch, 1939 Rabru Béthoux, De la Horra, Benito, Barrenechea, Galán & López-Gómez, 2009 Reschiostenophlebia Bechly, 2019 Rhabdothemis Handlirsch, 1939 Risioneura Munz, 1919 Rudiaeschna Ren & Guo, 1996 Samarura Brauer, Redtenbacher & Ganglbauer, 1889 Santanagrion Bechly, 2010 Saxonagrion Nel, Gand, Fleck, Bethoux, Lapeyrie & Garric, 1999 Schizonyx Karsch, 1890 Schizothemis Sjöstedt, 1899 Schlechtendaliola Handlirsch, 1919 Scytolestes Martynov, 1937 Secundaeschna Goetz, 1923 Sinocymatophlebiella Li, Nel, Ren & Pang, 2011 Sinophlebia Mi, Zhang & Sun, 1993 Sogdothemis Martuinov, 1937 Solutotherates Brauckmann & Zessin, 1989 Stenophlebia Hagen, 1866 Stephanotypus Zessin, 1983 Sterope Heer, 1849 Steropoides Kirby, 1890 Syntetrum Kennedy, 1922 Syrrhoe Bode, 1953 Taeniogaster Selys, 1854 Taolestes Needham, 1928 Tarsophlebiopsis Tillyard, 1923 Telleallagma Kennedy, 1920 Telmaeshna Zhang, Ren & Pang, 2008 Temnostigma Handlirsch, 1939 Terskeja Pritykina, 1981 Tetragonia Hagen, 1849 Thanetophilosina Nel, Martinez-Delclos, Papier & Oudard, 1997 Thecagaster Selys, 1854 Thecaphora Charpentier, 1839 Tillyardagrion Martynov, 1927 Tillyardia Bolton, 1922 Triaeschna Campion, 1916 Triassophlebia Tillyard, 1922 Tricholestes Fraser, 1951 Truemania Bolton, 1934 Urothemis Hagen, 1875 Valerea Garrouste et al., 2016 Vanderia Kirby, 1890 Vestinus Kennedy, 1920 Voltzialestes Nel, Papier, Grauvogel-Stamm & Gall, 1996 Vulcagrion Nel & Paichele, 1994 Whalleyala Brauckmann & Zessin, 1989 Wolfgangeuphaea Nel, 2020 Xanthostoma Selys, 1850 Xenogomphus Needham, 1944 Xerolestes Fraser, 1951 Yixianstenophlebia Nel & Huang, 2015 Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed.. Oxford University Press. 1998: 320. ISBN 0-19-510033-6.  Fabricius, Johann Christian. Entomologia Systematica Emendata et Aucta. Secundum, Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Hafniae : impensis Christ. Gottl. Proft. 1793: 519 [373] [2018-04-19]. doi:10.3931/e-rara-26792. （原始内容存档于2019-07-17） –通过e-rara.ch（英语：e-rara.ch） （拉丁语）.  Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.; Bechly, Günter; Bybee, Seth M.; Dow, Rory A.; Dumont, Henri J.; Fleck, Günther; Garrison, Rosser W.; Hämäläinen, Matti; Kalkman, Vincent J. The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa. 2013-08-30, 3703 (1). ISSN 1175-5334. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.9 （英语）.  Michael L. May & Frank Louis Carle (2005) Pamita hannahdaltonae gen. nov., sp. nov. from Baltic amber (Odonata: Amphipterygida), International Journal of Odonatology, 8:2, 213-221, DOI: 10.1080/13887890.2005.9748253 昆蟲圖庫：蜻蛉目 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）-　臺北市南港區南港國民小學：蟲蟲微機 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 台灣蜻蛉列表 [在维基数据编辑] 《欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·禽蟲典·蜻蛉部》，出自陈梦雷《古今圖書集成》 维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：蜻蛉目 維基物種上的相關信息：蜻蛉目