夏威夷僧海豹

夏威夷僧海豹（學名：Neomonachus schauinslandi）是新僧海豹屬下的一種瀕危物種，原產於夏威夷群島，因而得名。此外它也是夏威夷灰白蝙蝠之外當地唯一的原生哺乳動物。因為人類的過度捕殺和棲息地破壞，夏威夷僧海豹的數量現僅有1,100左右。 夏威夷僧海豹在當地語言中稱為ʻIlio-holo-i-ka-uaua，意思是“在波浪中奔跑的狗”。其學名中的種加詞則是來自1899年于在萊桑島發現了夏威夷僧海豹頭骨的德國科學家雨果·赫爾曼·绍因斯兰（Hugo Hermann Schauinsland）。 夏威夷僧海豹有著灰色的毛皮、白色的腹部，身體修長；頭部扁平而較小。其體格使得其可以在深海珊瑚礁里尋覓魚蝦及章魚、烏賊等食物。在不捕獵時，它們會躺在西北夏威夷群島的沙灘上曬太陽。成年夏威夷海豹重170—205公斤（375—452英磅），體長2.1—2.3米（6英尺11英寸—7英尺7英寸）。 Littnan, C.; Harting, A.; Baker, J. Neomonachus schauinslandi. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015, 2015: e.T13654A45227978. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T13654A45227978.en.  Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus schauinslandi. monachus-guardian.org. 2006 [2011-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-27）.  Nitta, Eugene; Henderson JR. A review of interactions between Hawaii's fisheries and protected species (pdf). Marine Fisheries Review. 83. 1993, 55 (2) [2011-05-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-08-27）.  Boland, R; Donohue, R. Marine Debris Accumulation in the Nearshore Marine Habitat of the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus Schauinslandi. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 11. 2003, 46 (11): 1385–139 [2011-05-23]. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00291-1. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.  Schultz J, J. K.; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B. Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi). Journal of Heredity. 1. 2009, 100 (1): 25–33 [2011-05-23]. PMID 18815116. doi:10.1093/jhered/esn077. （原始内容存档于2015-02-21）.  Schultz, J; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B. Range-Wide Genetic Connectivity of the Hawaiian Monk Seal and Implications for Translocation. Conservation Biology. 1. 2011, 25 (1): 124–132. PMID 21166713. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01615.x.  Reeves, RR; Stewert, BS. National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. 2002. ISBN 978-0-375-41141-0.  Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi). NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. [2011-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-27）.  Kenyon, KW; Rice, DW. Life History Of the Hawaiian Monk Seal. Pacific Science. July 1959, 13 [2011-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-10-26）.  Goodman-Lowe, GD. Diet of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during 1991 to 1994 (pdf). Marine Biology. 3. 1998, 132 (3): 535–46 [2011-05-23]. doi:10.1007/s002270050419. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-10-10）.  Baker, J; Johanos, Thea C. Abundance of the Hawaiian Monk Seal in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Biological Conservation. 1. 2004, 116: 103–10. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00181-2.  维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：夏威夷僧海豹 Aloha Kanaloa Coalition. [2012-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-13）.  Bernard, Hannah. Watching Out for Makana - Maui Magazine -Summer 2004 - Maui, Hawaii. July 8, 2009 [2012-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2012年10月5日）.  Harker, George R. Some Observations on a Monk Seal Mother and Pup: Field Notes of Observations of Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi) (PDF). Guide to Nude Beaches & Recreation - Dr. Leisure. November 27, 2010 [2012-11-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-01-20）.  Hawaiian Monk Seal Recovery Program, NOAA Fisheries Service Protected Resources Division. [2012-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-14）.  Hawaii's 'Forbidden Island': Weekend Window to Niihau - ABC News. [2012-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-18）.  Kaua`i Monk Seal Watch Program. [2012-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-24）.  Monk Seal Foundation. [2012-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-15）.