5-羟色胺受体

5-羥色胺受體，也被稱為血清素受體或5-HT受體，是一羣於中樞神經系統中央處和末梢神經系統周邊出現的G蛋白偶聯受體及配體門控離子通道。它們同時調節興奮性和抑制性神經傳導物質的傳遞。 血清素受體可分為七個亞科 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, 5-HT7。至少有十四種受體亞型已被發現，包含G蛋白偶聯受體（G protein-coupled receptor）和配體門控離子通道(ligand-gated ion channel)。 5-HT1受體是5-HT受體家族中最龐大的一科，包括5-HT1A、5-HT1B、5-HT1D、5-HT1E、5-HT1F五種受體蛋白。沒有5-HT1C受體，因為它被重新分類為5-HT2C受體。 5-HT2受體亚家族包括5-HT2A、5-HT2B，和5-HT2C三種受體蛋白。 5-HT3受體 5-HT4受體 5-HT5受體亚家族包括5-HT5A、5-HT5B两種受體蛋白。（其中5B受体在人类中为假基因，无受体表达） 5-HT6受體 5-HT7受體 總共有十四種受體亞型。 除了5-HT3受体是配体门控离子通道以外，其它的所有血清素受体都是G蛋白偶联受体，激活细胞内的第二信使来产生效应。在2014年，在菜粉蝶基因组中发现了一种新的5-HT受体，被命名为pr5-HT8。它与已知的各类5-HT受体相似度很低，在哺乳动物中没有类似基因。 七個亞科 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, 5-HT7。 注意没有5-HT1C受体。这是因为在克隆这个受体并进一步分类之后，发现它和5-HT2家族共同点更多，于是就改名成了5-HT2C受体。 对各5-HT受体亚型选择性极弱的激动剂有麦角胺（一种antimigraine（英语：antimigraine），激活5-HT1A、5-HT1D、5-HT1B、D2、去甲肾上腺素受体）、LSD（一种合成迷幻药物，可以激活5-HT1A、5-HT2A、5-HT2C、5-HT5A、5-HT6）。 Hoyer D, Clarke DE, Fozard JR, Hartig PR, Martin GR, Mylecharane EJ, Saxena PR, Humphrey PP. 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