涡虫纲

渦蟲綱（學名：Turbellaria）是扁形动物门一個綱，傳統上包括所有非寄生的扁形動物物種，約有4500種，多数为自由生活的掠食者或食腐動物。渦蟲綱包含陸生及水生物種，大多數渦蟲為海生，在底泥、岩石、海藻上爬行；淡水渦蟲生活在池塘、溪流的石块下；陸生渦蟲大多為夜行性，棲息在落葉或腐木等陰濕處。渦蟲体表具纤毛，摆动时积水呈涡状。大多行有性生殖，所有物種皆為雌雄同體。 渦蟲綱包括所有扁形動物門之下的非寄生物種。但由於渦蟲類已被證實為並系群，原來屬於寄生物種的三個綱（吸蟲綱、單殖綱和絛蟲綱）都是渦蟲類物種的直系分支，加上渦蟲綱內有兩個目獨立成另一門，較新的文獻已不再使用本分類。 大多數一般人接觸最多的渦蟲類物種都屬於三歧腸目。2008年以後的研究確認了：無腸目和紐渦蟲目其實並不屬於扁形動物，而是屬於獨立的無腔動物；而鏈渦蟲目的物種亦較早與其他扁形動物門的物種分化。這兩個分類群在較新的文獻已不再被認為是渦蟲類物種。然而在医学寄生虫学，基本上仍然沿用舊有的分類。 以下為傳統的渦蟲綱下屬分類，可分為11個目： 無腸目 Acoela（現屬無腔動物） 鏈渦蟲目 Catenulida 單咽渦蟲目 Haplopharyngida 卵黄皮目 Lecithoepitheliata 大口渦蟲目 Macrostomida 紐渦蟲目 Nemertodermatida（現屬無腔動物） 多歧腸目 Polycladida 原卵黄目 Prolecithophora 原順列目 Proseriata 棒腸目 Rhabdocoela 三歧腸目 Tricladida 本纲包括以下目： Proplicastomata Proporoplanidae 目的地位未定的科： Amyellidae Anocellidae Anonymidae Apidioplanidae Boniniidae Callioplanidae Candimboididae Catenulidae Cestoplanidae Chordariidae Chromoplanidae Crassicolidae Cryptocelidae Dicteroidae Didangiidae Didymorchidae Diphosthiidae Diposthidae Discocelididae Discoprosthididae Ditremageniidae Enantiidae Euplanidae Euryleptidae Euryleptididae Faubelidae Gnesiocerotidae Haplopharyngidae Hoploplanidae Ilyplanidae Koinocystidae Laidlawiidae Latocestidae Leptoplanidae Limnostylochidae Macrostomidae Mucroplanidae Notoplanidae Opisthogeniidae Palauidae Pericelidae Phaenocelidae Planoceridae Plehniidae Pleioplanidae Polyposthiidae Prosthiostomidae Pseudocerotidae Pseudostylochidae Pterastricolidae Retronectidae Myoretronectes Noreña-Janssen & Faubel, 1996 Paracatenula Sterrer & Rieger, 1974 Retronectes Sterrer & Rieger, 1974 Retronectes atypica Doe & Rieger, 1977 Retronectes clio Sterrer & Rieger, 1974 Retronectes euterpe Sterrer & Rieger, 1974 Retronectes hyacinthe Retronectes melpomene Sterrer & Rieger, 1974 Retronectes sterreri Faubel, 1976 Retronectes terpsichore Sterrer & Rieger, 1974 Retronectes thalia Sterrer & Rieger, 1974 Stenostomidae Stylochidae Cryptostylochus Faubel, 1983 Distylochus Faubel, 1983 Imogine Marcus & Marcus, 1968 Kataria Faubel, 1983 Katariana Leptostylochus Bock, 1925 Mirostylochus Kato, 1937 Pseudidioplana Prudhoe, 1989 Stylochopsis Stimpson, 1857 Stylochus Ehrenberg, 1831 Stylochus alexandrinus Steinböck, 1937 Stylochus aomori (Kato, 1937) Stylochus arenosus (Willey, 1897) Stylochus argus Czerniavsky, 1881 Stylochus atentaculatus Hyman, 1953 Stylochus bermudensis Verrill, 1902 Stylochus californicus Hyman, 1953 Stylochus castaneus Palombi, 1939 Stylochus catus (Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1958) Stylochus ceylanicus (Laidlaw, 1904) Stylochus cinereus Willey, 1897 Stylochus conglomeratus (Stimpson, 1857) Stylochus crassus Verrill, 1892 Stylochus djiboutiensis Meixner, 1907 Stylochus ellipticus (Girard, 1850) Stylochus exiguus Hyman, 1953 Stylochus fafai (Marquina, Fernández-Álvarez & Noreña, 2015) Stylochus ferox Bock, 1925 Stylochus flevensis Hofker, 1930 Stylochus franciscanus Hyman, 1953 Stylochus frontalis Verrill, 1893 Stylochus (Distylochus) fundae Cuadrado, Rodriguez, Moro, Grande & Noreña, 2021 Stylochus hamanensis Kato, 1944 Stylochus hyalinus Bock, 1913 Stylochus ijimai Yeri & Kaburaki, 1918 Stylochus inimicus Stylochus insolitus Hyman, 1953 Stylochus (Distylochus) isifer (Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1955) Stylochus izuensis Kato, 1944 Stylochus kimae (Jennings & Newman, 1996) Stylochus lateotentare (Lee, Beal & Johnston, 2005) Stylochus lesteri (Jennings & Newman, 1996) Stylochus limosus (Stimpson, 1857) Stylochus luteus (Muller J., 1854) Stylochus marmoreus Bock, 1925 Stylochus (Distylochus) martae (Marcus, 1947) Stylochus matatasi Newman, Cannon & Govan, 1993 Stylochus mcgrathi (Jennings & Newman, 1996) Stylochus mediterraneus Galleni, 1976 Stylochus megalops (Schmarda, 1859) Stylochus meganae (Jennings & Newman, 1996) Stylochus meixneri Bock, 1925 Stylochus melihertani (Bulnes, 2010) Stylochus meridianus Prudhoe, 1989 Stylochus minimus Palombi, 1940 Stylochus mistus Ramos-Sánchez, Carrasco-Rodríguez, Garcí-Madrigal & Bastida-Zavala, 2020 Stylochus miyadii Kato, 1944 Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841) Stylochus nebulosus (Girard, 1853) Stylochus necopinata (Sluys, Faubel, Rajagopal & van der Velde, 2005) Stylochus oculifera (Girard, 1853) Stylochus orientalis Bock, 1913 Stylochus pardalotus (Jennings & Newman, 1996) Stylochus pilidium (Goette, 1881) Stylochus pillidum (Goette, 1881) Stylochus plessisii Lang, 1884 Stylochus pulcher Hyman, 1939 Stylochus (Distylochus) pusillus (Bock, 1913) Stylochus pygmaeus Merory & Newman, 2005 Stylochus qeshmensis (Maghsoudlou & Momtazi, 2014) Stylochus refertus Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1965 Stylochus rutilis Yeri & Kaburaki, 1918 Stylochus salis Cuadrado, Rodriguez, Moro, Grande & Noreña, 2021 Stylochus salmoneus Meixner, 1907 Stylochus sixteni (Marcus, 1947) Stylochus speciosus (Kato, 1937) Stylochus stellae (Marquina, Osca, Rodriguez, Fernandez-Despiau & Norena, 2014) Stylochus stellatus Jennings & Newman, 1996 Stylochus suesensis Ehrenberg, 1831 Stylochus tauricus Jacubowa, 1909 Stylochus ticus Marcus, 1952 Stylochus tripartitus Hyman, 1953 Stylochus uniporus Kato, 1944 Stylochus vesiculatus Jakubova, 1909 Stylochus vigilax Laidlaw, 1904 Stylochus zanzibaricus Laidlaw, 1903 Stylochus zebra (Verrill, 1882) Stylochocestidae Stylochoididae Stylochoplanidae Taenioplanidae Theamatidae Theama Marcus, 1949 Theama evelinae Marcus, 1949 Theama forrestensis Bulnes & Faubel, 2003 Theama mediterranea Curini-Galletti, Campus & Delogu, 2008 Theama occidua Sopott-Ehlers & Schmidt, 1975 Tyrrheniellidae 目和科的地位未定的属： Adenoperta Antonius, 1968 Aorchis Barker & Parsons, 1915 Apoxenetes Ax, 1971 Asoleina Hyman, 1959 Boemigia Sabussow, 1902 Brabbinthes Allison, 1975 Bubaloceras Matjašic, 1958 Candimba Marcus, 1949 Caspiodendrocoelum Dyganova, 1976 Catenula Leblond, 1837 Celidotis Diesing, 1862 Centrostomum Diesing, 1862 Cephalolepta Diesing, 1850 Conoceros Lang, 1884 Coronhelmis Purasjoki, 1945 Darwinia Pereyaslawzewa, 1892 Dicelis Schmarda, 1859 Dicotylus Grube, 1872 Diplonchus Stimpson, 1857 Diporoplana Kohler, 1933 Discoprpsthides Faubel, 1983 Disorus Ehrenberg, 1828 Elasmodes Le Conte, 1851 Eukalyptorhynchia Meixner, 1928 Eumicrostomum Diesing, 1850 Euophthalmia Costa, 1882 Eustomum Leidy, 1851 Euvortex Sekera, 1906 Extremodera Pigulevsky, 1952 Fridmaniella Timoshkin & Zabrovskaya, 1985 Gasterotrichula Graff, 1912 Genneoceros Diesing, 1861 Geopaludicolia Komárek, 1920 Glossostoma Le Conte, 1851 Gnosonesimilia Westblad, 1953 Graffia Levinsen, 1879 Graffilla Korotneff, 1912 Heterostylochus Verrill, 1893 Homaloceraeus Schmarda, 1859 Itapis Marcus, 1952 Kleinenbergia Graff, 1912 Nautiloplana Stimpson, 1857 Neocryptocelis Prudhoe, 1989 Neoplana Girard, 1893 Oligocelis Stimpson, 1857 Oligoclada Pearse, 1938 Orthostoma Ehrenberg, 1828 Orthostomum Schmidt, 1852 Palana Faubel, 1983 Paradiscocelis Prudhoe, 1989 Parapseudoceros Prudhoe, 1989 Pararhynehella Ehlers & Ehlers, 1981 Penula Kelaart, 1858 Planoceroides Palombi, 1936 Platamonia Busch, 1851 Platydendron Simonetta & Delle-Cave, 1978 Pocillophynchus Brunet, 1973 Polyporus Plehn, 1897 Preminoma Karling, 1967 Proantroporus Mamkaev, 1967 Proaphanostomum An-der-Lan, 1936 Procotylus Korotneff, 1908 Promesostum Busquet, 1899 Rhodoplana Vayssière, 1906 Smigrostoma Örsted, 1845 Sphyrocephalus Schmarda, 1859 Tangarao Marcus, 1952 Telostoma Örsted, 1843 Tetracolylus Korotneff, 1912 Tetracotylus Korotneff, 1912 Thalattoplana Bock, 1925 Trachyplana Stimpson, 1857 Tricelis Ehrenberg, 1831 Typhlolepta Ørsted, 1843 Woodshollia Graff, 1912 Xaropoa Frölich, 1954 渦蟲主要吃小的水生动物、动物尸体及动物内脏。寄生的吸收动物或植物体内的营养。 大部分渦蟲的長度小於1cm，但熱帶的陸生種類長度可達120cm。 多为黑色，体前端有两个可感光的眼体，两侧对称。吻位于身体的三分之二处，且無肛门。有背、腹之分。 扁形动物门 猪肉绦虫 Turbellaria. GBIF. [2023-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-18）.  Niels W. L. Van Steenkiste, Alana Closs, Tyrel Froese & Brian S. Leander (2023) Molecular phylogenetic position of a rare and enigmatic meiofaunal flatworm from the Pacific Ocean: Retronectes hyacinthe sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Catenulida), Systematics and Biodiversity, 21:1, DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2023.2221236 Prof. Arturo Palombi (1931) Stylochus inimicus sp. nov. Policlade acotileo commensale di Ostrea virginica Gmelin delle Coste della Florida, Bollettino di zoologia, 2:1, 219-226, DOI: 10.1080/11250003109434873 M. Curini‐Galletti , P. Campus & V. Delogu (2008) Theama mediterranea sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida), the first interstitial polyclad from the Mediterranean, Italian Journal of Zoology, 75:1, 77-83, DOI: 10.1080/11250000701690525