阿爾察赫封鎖

阿爾察赫封鎖又稱納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫封鎖、拉欽走廊封鎖，是亞塞拜然於2022年12月至2023年9月30日對阿爾察赫共和國（納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫）的封鎖，為納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突的一部份。 阿爾察赫共和國為受亞美尼亞支持的有限承認國家，居民大多為亞美尼亞人，但在國際上被視為亞塞拜然領土的一部份。2020年納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭後雙方簽署停火協議，俄羅斯維和部隊（英语：Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh）進駐阿爾察赫，亞美尼亞軍隊則撤離。阿爾察赫在2020年戰爭後因失去大量領土，對亞美尼亞的依賴更深，在封鎖發生前有90%的食物為自亞美尼亞進口。但阿爾察赫與與亞美尼亞本土僅通過拉欽走廊相連，拉欽走廊因此被視為阿爾察赫的「生命線」，除食物外亞美尼亞也透過此走廊向阿爾察赫輸送天然氣，後者的網路、電網與電話線也是由此和外界連通。2017年亞美尼亞瓦爾代尼斯與阿爾察赫馬爾達凱特間的公路貫通，為連通兩國的替代道路，但2020年戰爭後因中間一段被亞塞拜然佔領而遭截斷。阿爾察赫首府的機場斯捷潘納克特機場則自1990年後即關閉，因此無法使用空路常態運補，2011年阿爾察赫政府一度嘗試重開機場，但因亞塞拜然威脅將擊落飛經阿爾察赫上空的航班而未果。 1989年8月亞塞拜然對阿爾察赫進行第一次封鎖，1991年至1992年第一次纳戈尔诺－卡拉巴赫战争期間亞塞拜然再次包圍阿爾察赫首府斯捷潘納克特。而此次封鎖發生前，2022年內亞塞拜然便已三度截斷阿爾察赫的天然氣管道，最長長達三週。 2022年12月22日，受亞塞拜然政府組織、自稱為「環保人士」的民眾封鎖了拉欽走廊，聲稱為抗議阿爾察赫境內的非法採礦活動，並只允許親亞塞拜然政府的記者進入報導。封鎖中斷了阿爾察赫食品、藥品與燃料的進口，造成嚴重人道危機。阿爾察赫境內物資短缺，被迫進行緊急物資配給，失業率也大幅上升。許多觀點認為此次封鎖為亞塞拜然發動混合戰爭的一部份。 封鎖開始後，只有紅十字國際委員會與俄羅斯維和部隊的車輛被允許通過拉欽走廊，亞美尼亞政府透過紅十字會輸送了一些急用物資，紅十字會車輛也將阿爾察赫急重症的病患載往亞美尼亞治療。封鎖期間，阿爾察赫的能源、電力與網路數次被切斷。最初幾天亞塞拜然一度切斷對阿爾察赫的天然氣供應管道，短暫恢復後又於2023年1月17日、1月28日、2月6日與3月10日再次將其切斷。1月10日對阿爾察赫供電唯一的高壓電線被損毀，亞塞拜然阻止維修團隊前往，阿爾察赫因此每日限電6小時；1月12日連接阿爾察赫唯一的網路寬頻電纜被損毀，隔日由亞美尼亞的團隊修復。 3月25日，亞塞拜然方進佔了拉欽走廊北方一條連接斯捷潘納克特與數個舒沙地區村落的土路（拉欽走廊的替代道路），聲稱亞美尼亞方使用此路運送武器。4月23日，亞塞拜然在拉欽走廊中間（哈卡里橋俄軍維和部隊基地的附近）設立了一座檢查站，此舉違反2020年停火協定，俄羅斯、美國、法國、英國與加拿大等國均表示關切或譴責，但有影片顯示檢查站設立之時一旁的俄軍並未加以干涉。4月28日，亞塞拜然自稱為環保人士的抗議群眾在與總統代表會面後，宣布終止抗議行動，亞塞拜然國營媒體表示抗議者對政府在拉欽走廊設立檢查站感到非常滿意。6月15日起，阿塞拜疆加强封锁，红十字会和俄罗斯维和人员的所有食品、燃料和药品運輸通道均遭到封锁。 2023年9月，亞塞拜然對阿爾察赫發起大規模進攻，佔領阿爾察赫全境，封鎖宣告結束。 阿爾察赫政府提出讓國際環保組織介入以解決爭議，但亞塞拜然政府拒絕與阿爾察赫政府代表溝通，提出解封條件為讓亞塞拜然的政府代表進入阿爾察赫。數個國家政府與國際組織均譴責此次封鎖，認為其違反了2020年納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫停火協議中，亞塞拜然對拉欽走廊雙向運輸流通的承諾，也有學者、組織提出如此封鎖已出現種族滅絕的部份條件。研究納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突的英國學者湯瑪斯·德·瓦爾（英语：Thomas de Waal）指出亞塞拜然方的抗議人士肯定是由亞塞拜然政府派出的，並將其比擬為2014年俄羅斯聯邦併吞克里米亞時派出的「小綠人」。 2023年2月22日，國際法院裁定要求亞塞拜然「採取一切可能措施以確保拉欽走廊人員、車輛與物資的雙向貫通」，但封鎖迄今仍持續中，對亞美尼亞與亞塞拜然的和平進程造成重大威脅。 亞美尼亞政府表示亞塞拜然如此挑釁的行為會造成大規模人道主義危機，該國總理並批評俄羅斯維和部隊的不作為，還有亞美尼亞官員指出俄羅斯利用此次封鎖逼迫亞美尼亞作出開通赞格祖尔走廊、加入俄白聯盟國等讓步（俄方對此則否認）。亞美尼亞總統瓦哈根·哈恰圖良指出亞塞拜然未盡其維持拉欽走廊暢通的責任，過去每天有約300至400輛車輛途經此路，但封鎖40天以來總共只有約400輛車載運人道物資通過。阿爾察赫總統阿拉伊克·阿魯秋尼揚表示亞塞拜然如此具侵略性、恐嚇當地居民的行為令人完全無法接受。亞塞拜然政府則持續否認封鎖，聲稱拉欽走廊的民間運輸無礙，並將對卡拉巴赫的亞美尼亞居民提供人道援助，外交部發言人稱封鎖為「假新聞」，亞塞拜然總統伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫稱讚參與抗議的民眾，認為他們向世界展示了亞塞拜然青年的高貴品質，並稱將此事件稱為封鎖「並不公平」。封鎖發生後三天，俄羅斯外交部發言人瑪麗亞·扎哈羅娃稱俄方正致力於解決當地局勢，外交部長拉夫羅夫表示正在調查亞塞拜然提出亞美尼亞經拉欽走廊運送地雷的指控，並相信情況可以很快得到解決。 巴西：大使呼籲雙方展開對話，並指任何封鎖都會危害納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫居民的生活，並威脅亞美尼亞與亞塞拜然的和平進程。 加拿大：外交部呼籲亞塞拜然解除封鎖。 塞普勒斯：外交部呼籲亞塞拜然解除封鎖、恢復天然氣供應。 愛沙尼亞：外交部對封鎖對當地居民造成嚴重痛苦表示關切。 法國：外交部呼籲無條件解除對拉欽走廊的封鎖，並尊重納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫亞美尼亞居民的權益。法國國民議會議長娅埃尔·布朗-皮韦訪問葉里溫期間表示法國關切對納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫的封鎖與日益嚴重的人道危機，雙方應盡快恢復對話，但她也表示法國不會對亞塞拜然進行制裁。 德國：德國外交部長安娜琳娜·貝伯克呼籲立即重開拉欽走廊，強調封鎖的人道危機後果。 希臘：外交部呼籲亞塞拜然立即確保拉欽走廊暢通。 愛爾蘭：外交部呼籲亞塞拜然立即無條件恢復拉欽走廊的自由與安全。 黎巴嫩：外交部表示對拉欽走廊封鎖、當地居民生活受到的影響深表遺憾。 立陶宛：外交部對拉欽走廊持續的封鎖、造成納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫嚴重的人道危機表示關切。 盧森堡：外交部長呼籲亞塞拜然確保拉欽走廊暢通，稱納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫是亞美尼亞人的家園，沒有人有權封鎖拉欽走廊。 荷蘭：外交部呼籲停止封鎖拉欽走廊，並呼籲亞美尼亞與亞塞拜然重新展開和平談判。議會通過決議，要求政府呼籲歐洲委員會對亞塞拜然施壓，停止對阿爾察赫居民的敵意。 挪威：外交部長呼籲亞塞拜然確保拉欽走廊運輸的安全。 波蘭：議會一致通過決議，呼籲亞塞拜然立即無條件解除對拉欽走廊的封鎖。 西班牙：議會一致通過決議，呼籲亞塞拜然旅行2020年停火協議，保證拉欽走廊運輸的自由與安全。 土耳其：駐亞塞拜然大使Cahit Bağcı親赴封鎖現場，在推特發文表示「卡拉巴赫屬於亞塞拜然」。 英國：歐洲事務部長利奧·多徹蒂對封鎖拉欽走廊、在冬季阻斷天然氣供應表達關切。 美國：美國國務院發言人內德·普萊斯、美國國家安全顧問傑克·沙利文表示此封鎖會造成嚴重人道危機，呼籲亞塞拜然恢復拉欽走廊的自由運輸。五名議員發表聯合聲明「亞塞拜然人唯一得以自由抗議的場合即是對亞美尼亞人生命造成威脅時，非常令人擔憂。我們呼籲美國、歐洲的夥伴使用一切外交手段，停止此一明顯由亞塞拜然造成的危機。」2023年1月4日，洛杉磯市長致信美國總統拜登，呼籲美國政府幫助阿爾察赫人民。 烏拉圭：議會呼籲亞塞拜然停止封鎖，停止騷擾阿爾察赫居民，對阿爾察赫居民表達支持。 梵蒂岡：教宗方濟各對當地居民的人道危機表示關切。1月29日再次呼籲和平解決拉欽走廊的嚴重人道危機，稱封鎖對當地居民「不人道」。 歐盟：歐盟呼籲亞塞拜然確保拉欽走廊運輸的自由，並指封鎖將造成當地居民嚴重的人道危機。歐洲議會安全與防衛理事會主席纳塔莉·卢瓦索表示歐盟應採取經濟手段促使亞塞拜然解除封鎖，稱「我們不能在保衛普世價值時退縮。如果我們不作為，誰會去做？」欧盟外交和安全政策高级代表何塞普·博雷利則表示歐盟不考慮對亞塞拜然進行制裁，將透過對話解決問題。 歐洲委員會：人权专员杜尼娅·米亚托维奇（英语：Dunja Mijatović）呼籲拉欽走廊立即恢復運輸，以避免納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫的人道危機惡化。 聯合國：聯合國安全理事會討論了封鎖一事，安理會各方均呼籲亞塞拜然保證拉欽走廊運輸的自由與安全，但會議並未發布決議。 聯合國兒童基金會：表示拉欽走廊封鎖對當地兒童造成影響，若封鎖持續下去，會有更多兒童缺乏基本糧食與其健康成長所需的其他資源，也造成許多兒童被迫與父母或監護人分離。 集體安全條約組織：秘書長斯坦尼斯拉夫·扎斯（英语：Stanislav Zas）稱封鎖一事不屬該組織的責任範圍。 Europe watches on as humanitarian crisis unfolds in Nagorno-Karabakh. 7 January 2023 [2023-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-14）.  Lachin Corridor and Nagorno-Karabakh - Hansard - UK Parliament. 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Արցախում բուժօգնության կարիք ունեցող ծանր հիվանդներից մեկը մահացել է. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 21 December 2022 [2023-01-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-30） （亚美尼亚语）. Արցախում բուժօգնության կարիք ունեցող ծանր հիվանդներից մեկը մահացել է （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） "Every minute counts in an emergency" – Healthcare Minister on death of patient in Azeri blockade of Nagorno Karabakh. armenpress.am. [2023-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-21）.  Armenia FM: Karabakh children Leo, 3, and Gita, 6, died as consequence of serious humanitarian situation. news.am. 28 August 2023 [2024-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-20）.  First death from starvation reported in blockade-struck Nagorno-Karabakh. oc-media.org. 15 August 2023 [2024-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20）.  Aghayev, Ismi; Avetisyan, Ani. Nagorno-Karabakh claims Azerbaijan offered 'integration' or 'tougher measures'. OC Media. 2023-03-07 [2023-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-16）.  Green, Anna. Weaponizing Energy: Nagorno-Karabakh's Energy Supplies Under Siege. EVN Report. 2023-02-09 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-01）.  Food Security Risk: Large Portion of Artsakh's Bread Basket Lost. Hetq.am. [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-25）.  Правильное управление пахотными землями Арцаха обеспечит продовольственную безопасность. armenpress.am. [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-13） （俄语）.  Արցախի տարածքային կորուստներից հետո ՀՀ կառավարությունը կսուբսիդավորի հացահատիկի արտադրությունը. Civilnet. 2021-02-02 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13） （亚美尼亚语）.  The siege on Nagorno-Karabakh tightens, increasing tension in the Caucasus. 5 April 2023 [2023-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-19）.  Protection Monitoring Armenia Report #1 (PDF). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The UN Refugee Agency. November–December 2020 [5 January 2023]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-02-27）. On 24th November 2020 the Martakert-Karvachar-Vardenis highway was closed; thus, the only operational route between NK and Armenia now is via the Lachin corridor.  Azerbaijan: Nagorno-Karabakh Lifeline Road Blocked. Human Rights Watch. 2022-12-21 [2022-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-14）.  Kolstø, Pål; Blakkisrud, Helge. Living with Non-recognition: State- and Nation-building in South Caucasian Quasi-states. Europe-Asia Studies. 2008-05-01, 60 (3): 483–509, 14. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 73679623. doi:10.1080/09668130801948158. hdl:10852/25228.  Kucera, Joshua. Fears of civilian exodus rise as Azerbaijan advances in Karabakh. eurasianet.org. November 8, 2020 [2022-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-29）.  Kolosov, Vladimir A.; Zotova, Maria V. Multiple borders of Nagorno-Karabakh. Geography, Environment, Sustainability. 2020-03-31, 13 (1): 84–91 [2023-04-16]. ISSN 2542-1565. S2CID 216308577. doi:10.24057/2071-9388-2020-04. （原始内容存档于2020-10-07）.  What to Watch for as Armenia-Azerbaijan Peace Talks Gain Momentum. Stratfor. [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-01）.  Khachatryan, Arthur. Corridor of discord: about a new road that will link Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. English Jamnews. 2022-08-12 [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-12）.  Krivosheev, Kirill. Fresh Fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh Bodes Badly for Armenia—and Russia. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-29）.  Millions of Dollars of Infrastructure Lost in the Karabakh War. Civilnet. 2020-12-08 [2022-12-23]. （原始内容存档于23 April 2021）.  Lomsadze, Giorgi. Azerbaijan: Flights to Nagorno Karabakh Will Be Boarding at Gunpoint. Eurasianet. March 17, 2011 [2023-01-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.  Kucera, Joshua. Under blockade, Armenians of Karabakh reopen issue of air travel. Eurasianet. January 6, 2023 [2023-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-14）.  Dates and facts around Nagorno-Karabakh's 30-year long conflict. euronews. 2016-04-05 [2022-12-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-05）.  Chronology for Armenians in Azerbaijan. Refworld. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. [2023-01-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-01）.  Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Human rights and democratization in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Volume 4; Volume 85. Implementation of the Helsinki Accords. Washington, D.C.: United States Congress. January 1993: 125 [21 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 January 2017）.  Shahverdyan, Lilit. Gas restored to Karabakh, but road remains closed for fifth day. eurasianet.org. December 16, 2022 [19 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.  Cricchio, Emilio Luciano. For second time this winter, Azerbaijan cuts off supply of heating gas in Karabakh. Civilnet. 2022-03-22 [2023-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.  Bulut, Uzay. Azerbaijan Escalates its Aggression against Armenians. Providence. 2022-03-25 [2023-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-03）.  Maghakyan, Simon. Column: Putin's Isn't the Only Regime Leveraging Fossil Fuels for Aggression. Time. 2022-04-04 [2023-04-01]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2022）.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Khudoyan, Knar; Léon, Constance. What Russia's invasion of Ukraine means for Nagorno-Karabakh. openDemocracy. 22 April 2022 [2023-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-26）.  Armenia, Azerbaijan tensions rise over blocked road. news.yahoo.com. 15 December 2022 [2023-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-16）.  Kitachayev, Bashir. Nagorno-Karabakh blockade: Azerbaijani journalist speaks out. openDemocracy. 25 January 2023 [2023-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-30）.  Müstəqil jurnalistlər Şuşa-Xankəndi yolundakı aksiyaya buraxılmadı [Independent journalists were not allowed to participate in the action on the Shusha-Khankendi road]. MEYDAN.TV. 2022-12-14 [2023-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-02） （阿塞拜疆语）. On December 14, Meydan TV employees Aytaj Tapdığ, Khayala Aghayeva and independent journalist Teymur Karimov were detained by civilians and black masked men while going to prepare a report from the Shusha-Khankendi road...The journalists say that before they were returned, their cameras were confiscated and their footage was deleted.  Gavin, Gabriel. Supplies begin to run low as Nagorno-Karabakh blockade continues. eurasianet.org. Dec 19, 2022 [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-01）.  Kitachayev, Bashir. Azerbaijani roadblock cuts tens of thousands off from food, fuel and medicine. openDemocracy. 16 December 2022 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-30）.  Gray, Sébastien. Artsakh Blockade Nearing 1 Month, Shortages Widespread. Atlas News. 2023-01-09 [2023-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）.  Avetisyan, Ani. Nagorno-Karabakh reports gas cut for second time since start of blockade. OC Media. 2023-01-17 [2023-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-16）. Daily two-hour power cuts instituted on 9 January were replaced with four-hour daily power cuts on 17 January.  Avetisyan, Ani; Aghayev, Ismi. Food and festivities in short supply as Nagorno-Karabakh enters new year under blockade. OC Media. 2023-01-04 [2023-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.  "Azerbaijan is playing with fire" – Armenian political scientist. English Jamnews. 2023-01-09 [2023-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-30）.  Hauer, Neil. Hopelessness grows as Azerbaijan's blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh enters third month. www.intellinews.com. 2023-02-20 [2023-02-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.  Khulian, Artak. Azeri Blockade Leaves Thousands Of Karabakh Armenians Jobless. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 2023-01-31 [2023-02-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-20） （亚美尼亚语）.  Bonner, Brian. Geopolitical transformation in the South Caucasus. GIS Reports. 2023-03-10 [2023-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-21）. By making life difficult for the inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh, Baku hopes to achieve three goals. One is to force the leadership in Nagorno-Karabakh into submission. The second is to force Armenia into accepting an opening of the Zangezur corridor and the third is to compel the Russian peacekeepers to withdraw.  Oltramonti, Giulia Prelz. Nagorno-Karabakh: slowly but surely, Baku is weaponising the green movement to cut off the region's supplies. The Conversation. [2023-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-20）. Azerbaijan’s approach has morphed into a strategy to render Nagorno-Karabakh unviable as a de facto state. This tactic is meant to bring about an outflow of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh through the creation of a humanitarian crisis and to delegitimise the project of de facto statehood and the authorities of Nagorno-Karabakh.  Azerbaijan: Blockade of Lachin corridor putting thousands of lives in peril must be immediately lifted. Amnesty International. 2023-02-09 [2023-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）. [The Lachin corridor was] blockaded by dozens of Azerbaijani protesters, widely believed to be backed by the country's authorities.  Shahverdyan, Lilit. Blackouts and food rationing as Karabakh blockade enters second month. Eurasianet. 12 January 2023 [17 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）.  Nagorno-Karabakh reports gas cut for second time since start of blockade. OC Media. 17 January 2023 [18 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-16）.  Armenia sends 10 tons of humanitarian cargo to Nagorno-Karabakh. news.am. 25 December 2022 [25 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.  Red Cross transports medicine, other supplies from Armenia to Karabakh. news.am. 16 January 2023 [16 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-20）.  Red Cross facilitates transfer of three patients in need of urgent treatment from Artsakh to Armenia. armenpress.am. 12 January 2023 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-13）.  Nagorno-Karabakh reports gas cut for second time since start of blockade. OC Media. 2023-01-17 [2023-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-16）.  "Azəriqaz" İB erməni mətbuatının dezinformasiyasına cavab verdi. Azəriqaz. 14 December 2022 [15 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31） （阿塞拜疆语）.  Gas Supply To Nagorno-Karabakh Restored, Regional Authorities Say. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. [2023-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-22）.  Khulian, Artak. Gas Supply To Karabakh Disrupted, Restored Again (UPDATED). «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 17 January 2023 [2023-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03） （亚美尼亚语）.  Recent developments Regarding Protest Along Lachin Corridor. Caucasus Watch. 2023-01-30 [2023-02-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-02）.  Stepanian, Ruzanna; Sahakian, Nane. Gas Supply To Karabakh Blocked Again. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 2023-03-13 [2023-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-15） （亚美尼亚语）.  Azerbaijan: Blockade of Lachin corridor putting thousands of lives in peril must be immediately lifted. Amnesty International. 2023-02-09 [2023-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）. The shortage of gas and petrol is further exacerbated by frequent cuts to the supply of gas from Azerbaijan and electricity cuts that last an average of six hours a day.  Armenia's Electricity Supply to Karabakh Disrupted. The Armenian Mirror-Spectator. 2023-01-10 [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.  Azerbaijan Blocks Repairs to Karabakh Electricity Power Line. Hetq.am. [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-11）.  Ghazanchyan, Siranush. High-voltage power line supplying electricity to Artsakh damaged: Azerbaijan hindering restoration works. Public Radio of Armenia. January 10, 2023 [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-21）.  Internet Service Severed in Artsakh; Stepanakert Accuses Baku. Hetq.am. [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）.  Internet Blackout and Power Line Damage in Nagorno Karabakh. MassisPost. 2023-01-12 [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-01）.  Internet connection restored in Artsakh. Public Radio of Armenia. [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.  Gray, Sébastien. Azerbaijan Makes Advances in Artsakh, Violating Ceasefire. Atlas News. 2023-03-26 [2023-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-01）.  Avetisyan, Ani; Aghayev, Ismi. Azerbaijan 'breaches line of contact' seizing positions in Nagorno-Karabakh. OC Media. 2023-03-26 [2023-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-09）.  Stepanian, Ruzanna. Bypass Road In Karabakh Not Used After Azeri Advance. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 2023-03-27 [2023-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-01） （亚美尼亚语）.  ahmedbeyli, samira. Azerbaijan takes control of country roads in Karabakh. English Jamnews. 2023-03-27 [2023-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-09）.  Joshua, Kucera. Azerbaijan sets up checkpoint on road connecting Armenia and Karabakh: Armenians have appealed to Russia, which is supposed to provide security on the road, as Baku tightens the noose around the territory's population.. eurasianet.org. [2023-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-13）.  Azerbaijani ‘eco-protest’ ends after checkpoint installed on Lachin Corridor. OC Media. 2023-04-28 [2023-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-10） （美国英语）. Despite claiming to be protesting environmental damage from mining in Nagorno-Karabakh, the protesters were widely seen as an instrument of the Azerbaijani government, who rarely allow protests to go ahead unhindered and control all access to Shusha.  Azerbaijan closes Lachin Corridor to install checkpoint. OC Media. 2023-04-24 [2023-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-10）.  Ahmedbeyli, Samira. Azerbaijan has installs checkpoint at entrance to Lachin road. Information and comments from Baku and Yerevan. English Jamnews. 2023-04-24 [2023-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-01）.  PRESS RELEASE : Checkpoint on the Lachin Corridor – UK statement to the OSCE [April 2023] – UKPOL.CO.UK. [2023-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-03）.  Canada, Global Affairs. Canada concerned with latest developments in Lachin Corridor. www.canada.ca. 2023-04-25 [2023-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-01）.  Azerbaijani "activists" end blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh: The self-proclaimed environmental activists blocked the road for 138 days, stopping after the government installed a checkpoint in Lachin.. Eurasianet. May 1, 2023 [2023-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-29）.  Azerbaijani ‘eco-protest’ ends after checkpoint installed on Lachin Corridor. OC Media. 2023-04-28 [2023-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-10）.  Nagorno-Karabakh again faces shortages as Azerbaijan closes Lachin Corridor. OC Media. 2023-06-20 [2023-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-19） （美国英语）.  Food shortages and fear as peacekeepers refused entry to Nagorno-Karabakh. OC Media. [2023-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-22） （美国英语）.  Karabakh blockade reaches critical point as food supplies run low. www.intellinews.com. 2023-07-31 [2023-08-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-14） （英语）.  The Number of Residents of Karabakh Who Arrived in Armenia Exceeded 100 Thousand. 30 September 2023 [2024-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-10）.  Artsakh does not oppose mine checks by international specialists: Facts versus Azerbaijan's propaganda. Civilnet. 2022-12-15 [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-29）.  Artsakh's government applies for an international ecological examination of. armenpress.am. [2022-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-29）.  Corridor blockade continues; more than 5,000 in NK have lost their jobs. English Jamnews. 2023-02-06 [2023-02-08]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-08）.  Azerbaijan demands Karabakh mine access as condition to end protests blocking road. euronews. 2022-12-28 [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-28）.  Bulut, Uzay. Azerbaijan & Turkey's Ominous Assault against Armenians. Providence. 2022-12-30 [2022-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-30）.  Von Cramon-Taubadel, Viola; Kouloglou, Stelios; Castaldo, Fabio Massimo; Hajšel, Robert; Incir, Evin; Kaljurand, Marina; Marques, Pedro; Santos, Isabel; et al. Joint Motionfor a Resolution on the humanitarian consequences of the blockade in Nagorno-Karabakh. European Parliament. [2023-01-19]. RC-B9-0075/2023. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.  Genocide Warning: Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, Genocide Watch, 23 September 2022 [3 January 2023], （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）  Genocide Warning: Nagorno Karabakh. 120,000 people are under siege. [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-26）.  Red Flag Alert for Genocide – Azerbaijan Update 4. Lemkin Institute. [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）.  Chidiac, Gerry. World stands by in the face of the Second Armenian Genocide. Troy Media. 2023-02-09 [2023-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-07）.  Gregorian, Alin K. Difficult Road Ahead for Karabakh and Armenia. The Armenian Mirror-Spectator. 2022-12-20 [2023-04-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-02）.  Gavin, Gabriel. Nagorno-Karabakh: protestors cause crisis in Russia's backyard. Reaction. 2022-12-13 [2022-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）.  UN Court Orders Azerbaijan To Unblock Lachin Corridor Amid Armenian Accusations Of 'Ethnic Cleansing'. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. [2023-02-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）.  The Court indicates a provisional measure to ensure unimpeded movement of persons, vehicles and cargo along the Lachin Corridor (PDF). International Court of Justice. 2023-02-22 [2023-02-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2023-02-23）.  Statement on Azerbaijan s Noncompliance with February 22nd ICJ Order to Unblock Lachin Corridor. Lemkin Institute. [2023-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-15）.  Wood, Robert. Remarks by Ambassador Robert Wood at a UN Security Council Meeting on Armenia and Azerbaijan. 20 December 2022 [2023-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-04）. Let me be clear: impediments to the use of the Lachin Corridor sets back the peace process. They undermine international confidence in this process.  The Pressing Task of Advancing Peace Talks in the South Caucasus. www.crisisgroup.org. 2023-01-31 [2023-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-31）. Citing the blockade, Armenia’s foreign minister pulled out of a meeting with his Azerbaijani counterpart that Russia was to host on 23 December.  Statement of the Foreign Ministry of Armenia on the Azerbaijani provocation in the Lachin Corridor. www.mfa.am. [2023-04-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-01）.  Liffey, Kevin (编). Kremlin says it is concerned about Karabakh blockade after Armenian criticism. Reuters. 2022-12-29 [2022-12-29]. （原始内容存档于27 February 2022）.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) "Lachin corridor may open as a result of compromises" – political scientist. English Jamnews. 2022-12-27 [2023-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10）.  Kremlin slams Armenia claims on joining Russia-Belarus union. iranpress.com. [2023-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-10）.  Russia Denies Reports on Pressuring Armenia to Join Union State. MassisPost. 2022-12-30 [2023-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.  Хачатурян о разблокировании Лачинского коридора: Российская сторона не хочет применять силу. news.am. [16 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-19） （俄语）.  Karabakh President: We are convinced that Russian peacekeepers will use all mechanisms. news.am. [2022-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.  Ghazanchyan, Siranush. Azerbaijan's behavior an unprecedented challenge, Artsakh's President says. Public Radio of Armenia. December 12, 2022 [2022-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.  Aggressive behavior of Azerbaijan, through which it terrorizes our population, is highly unacceptable: President of Artsakh. www.1lurer.am. [2022-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.  Armenia says Azerbaijan behind Nagorno-Karabakh roadblock 'crisis'. France 24. 15 December 2022 [19 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-29）.  Baku denies Lachin road blocked, voices readiness to meet humanitarian needs of ethnic Armenians. Azernews. 15 December 2022 [15 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-28）.  Hajizada, Aykhan [@Aykhanh]. Contrary to the misinformation on the "blockade," the @ICRC vehicles and #Armenian ambulances are passing freely through the #Lachin road. This is on top of multiple cases of passing through the road several times each day. Claims about the blockade are fake news! t.co/BgvYIcTudg (推文). 19 December 2022 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2023） –通过Twitter.  Azerbaijan's president makes first remarks on Karabakh blockade. eurasianet.org. [2023-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23）.  Ilham Aliyev was interviewed by local TV channels. Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic. president.az. 10 January 2023 [12 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-10）.  Tensions rise between Armenia and Azerbaijan over blocked supply corridor. Reuters. 2022-12-15 [2023-04-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.  Talks with Zelensky, previous relations with West impossible, Lavrov tells media. TASS. 18 January 2023 [19 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）.  Despite 'Glimmer of Hope' in Armenia, Azerbaijan Conflict, Escalating Tensions Threaten to Derail Fragile Progress, Senior Official Tells Security Council. press.un.org. [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.  The Canadian Foreign Ministry calls on Azerbaijan to open the Lachin Corridor. Radar.am. [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-15）.  Ghazanchyan, Siranush. Cyprus calls on Azerbaijan to lift blockade of Lachin corridor and restore gas supply. Public Radio of Armenia. 14 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-30）.  Estonian MFA 🇪🇪 | 🌻 #StandWithUkraine [@MFAestonia]. Continuing blockade of #LachinCorridor causes severe human suffering of the local population in #NagornoKarabakh & has damaging impact on the ongoing peace process btw 🇦🇲&🇦🇿. 🇪🇪 calls on parties to adhere to trilateral statement of Nov 2020 & to return to peaceful negotiations. (推文). 17 December 2022 [29 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于21 December 2022） –通过Twitter.  Green, Anna. The Lachin Corridor: A Looming Humanitarian Catastrophe. 14 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-24）.  "We have chosen the path of active mediation" – French National Assembly Speaker in Yerevan. English Jamnews. 13 January 2023 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-31）.  Germany urges 'immediate' end to Nagorno-Karabakh blockade. Al Arabiya. 7 February 2023 [9 February 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-19）.  Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών [@GreeceMFA]. Greece calls on Azerbaijani authorities to ensure freedom & security of movement & transport, in both directions along the Lachin corridor without any preconditions in compliance with the Tripartite Statement of 09.11.20 Local population should be spared from hardships&distress t.co/vYLzOGkqDb (推文). 15 December 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于17 December 2022） –通过Twitter.  Despite 'Glimmer of Hope' in Armenia, Azerbaijan Conflict, Escalating Tensions Threaten to Derail Fragile Progress, Senior Official Tells Security Council. press.un.org. [2022-12-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.  Foreign Ministry deplores closure of Lachin corridor, urges dialogue between Armenia and Azerbaijan. National News Agency. [2023-01-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.  Lithuania MFA | #StandWithUkraine [@LithuaniaMFA]. Deeply concerned about the continuing blockade of #LachinCorridor, resulting in severe humanitarian consequences for #NagornoKarabakh. Such developments not only hinder the free movement, but also derail the whole peace process in South Caucasus. (推文). 16 December 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于19 December 2022） –通过Twitter.  Statement on Lachin Corridor. Twitter. 2023-02-22 [2023-02-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-17）.  "It's the homeland of Armenians and nobody has the right to block Lachin Corridor" – Luxembourg Foreign Minister. armenpress.am. [2023-02-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）.  Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs 🇳🇱 [@DutchMFA]. The Netherlands is closely following the situation in the #Lachin corridor. We call on Azerbaijan to ensure freedom and security of movement, and encourage Armenia and Azerbaijan to restart peace negotiations as soon as possible. t.co/jUIphIjscf (推文). 15 December 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于19 December 2022） –通过Twitter.  Dutch Parliament adopts motion calling for opening of Lachin Corridor. Public Radio of Armenia. [2023-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28）.  Klich, Bogdan. Uchwała Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych i Unii Europejskiej Senatu RP w sprawie blokady Korytarza Laczyńskiego (PDF). 25 January 2023 [26 January 2023]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-01-26）.  The Spanish Parliament calls on Azerbaijan to ensure the freedom and safety of movement through the Lachin Corridor. armenpress.am. [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）.  BOCG. Congreso de los Diputados, serie D, núm. 195, de 16/12/2020 – Congreso de los Diputados. www.congreso.es. [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-23）.  Recent Developments Regarding Protest Along Lachin Corridor. caucasuswatch.de. 26 December 2022 [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-26） （德语）.  Blocking the Lachin corridor and disrupting gas supplies in winter risks severe humanitarian consequences, Leo Docherty. www.1lurer.am. [2023-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）.  Docherty, Leo [@LeoDochertyUK]. Blocking the Lachin corridor and disrupting gas supplies in winter risks severe humanitarian consequences. The UK counts on both #Azerbaijan and #Armenia to abide by all ceasefire commitments. A lasting settlement can only be reached through peaceful, diplomatic means. (推文). 14 December 2022 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于4 January 2023） –通过Twitter.  ԱՄՆ-ն Ադրբեջանին կոչ է արել վերաբացել Լաչինի միջանցքը. mediamax.am. [13 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-16）.  Azerbaijan Rejects Accusations Of Karabakh Blockade. barrons.com. Agence France-Presse. 15 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-16）.  Readout of APNSA Jake Sullivan's Calls with National Security Council Secretary Armen Grigoryan of Armenia and Head of the Foreign Relations Department of the Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan Hikmat Hajiyev. whitehouse.gov. 22 December 2022 [22 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-24）.  Armenia Caucus Co-Chairs Issue Statement on Escalation of Azerbaijani Humanitarian Abuses in Artsakh. Congressman Frank Pallone. 2022-12-13 [2023-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.  Krekorian, Paul [@PaulKrekorian]. Thank you Mayor Bass for joining me in communicating to President Biden the urgent need for U.S. leadership to lift the blockade and bring humanitarian relief to the people of Artsakh. t.co/bBT2kSnO4c (推文). 4 January 2023 [14 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于8 January 2023） –通过Twitter.  Embajada de Armenia en Argentina [@armembargentina]. Hoy @SenadoUy adoptó una moción sobre la situación del Corredor de #Lachín, condenando el bloqueo de parte de #Azerbaiyán. t.co/iYeaJE2hk9 [Today @SenadoUy adopted a motion on the situation of the #Lachin Corridor, condemning the blockade by #Azerbaijan.] (推文). 20 December 2022 [29 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 December 2022） –通过Twitter （西班牙语）.  Ghazanchyan, Siranush. Uruguay's Senate condemns blocking of Lachin Corridor, expresses solidarity with the people of Artsakh. en.armradio.am. 21 December 2022 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-25）.  Sesión de Senado Extraordinaria. Parlamento del Uruguay. 20 Dec 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于20 December 2022） （西班牙语）.  Watkins, Devin. Pope expresses concern over humanitarian situation in South Caucasus – Vatican News. www.vaticannews.va. 18 December 2022 [19 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-26）.  Watkins, Devin. Pope prays for peace in Ukraine, recalls Lachin Corridor crisis. Vatican News. 29 January 2023 [30 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.  EU calls on Azerbaijan to ensure freedom of movement. mediamax.am. [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-16）.  Agayev, Zulfugar; Khojoyan, Sara. US, EU Warn on Azerbaijan-Armenia Tensions as Key Road Blocked. Bloomberg.com. 14 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-17）.  Shahverdyan, Lilit. Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh enters second day. Eurasianet. 13 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-29）.  Gavin, Gabriel. Europe watches on as humanitarian crisis unfolds in Nagorno-Karabakh. POLITICO. 2023-01-07 [2023-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-14）.  EU 'Not Considering' Sanctions Against Baku Over Karabakh Blockade. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 1 February 2023 [2 February 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-06）.  Movement along the Lachin Corridor should be restored as a matter of urgency to prevent a deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh. Council of Europe. 22 December 2022 [22 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-03）.  Details from meeting of UN Security Council on Lachin corridor. JAM-news.net. 21 December 2022 [22 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-01）.  Statement on the ongoing developments around the Lachin corridor. www.unicef.org. [2022-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-29）.  CSTO Not Responsible for Lachin Corridor, Says Alliance Head. Hetq.am. [2023-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-28） （英语）.  ОДКБ не считает своей ответственностью проблему Лачинского коридора. РИА Новости. 20 December 2022 [5 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27） （俄语）.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：阿爾察赫封鎖