夜 (著作)

《夜》（意第緒語：Un di Velt Hot Geshvign‎）是埃利·維瑟爾取材自本身經歷的著作，記述他和父親施羅摩在1944年至1945年間，二次大戰接近尾聲、猶太人大屠殺的極端時期，被送往納粹德國奧斯威辛和布痕瓦爾德集中營的種種際遇。 在短短逾百頁稀少、片段的敘述中，維瑟爾以他的單純對比大屠殺的殘酷駭人，寫下關於上帝已死及對人性漸長的厭惡，呈現了集中營內父子關係的逆轉：父親乾癟、孱弱，而他成了他父親的照顧者，滿腹憎恨而憤世。「但願我能擺脫這累贅……我緊接地為自己感到羞恥，永遠感到羞恥。」在《夜》中，一切事物都是反轉的，所有價值都已泯滅。「這裡沒有父親、沒有兄弟、沒有朋友，」一個囚監曾對維瑟爾說：「人人只為自己而生而死。」 1945年4月，當美軍終於抵達、解放布痕瓦爾德集中營時，維瑟爾只有十六歲，他的父親在布痕瓦爾集中營染上痢疾，過世於1月28日。維瑟爾離開集中營後，他已對上帝和人類失去信任，閉口不提他的任何經歷，只寄望時間能讓他認清世界。沉默了十年後的1954年，他以意第緒語寫了一份865頁的手稿，1955年於布宜諾斯艾利斯發表，出版為《而世界依然緘默》（Un di Velt Hot Geshvign）一書。同年5月被法國小說家弗朗索瓦·莫里亞克說服，答應為更廣大的讀者而書。 然而，即使有莫里亞克背書，維瑟爾的作品仍一再被出版社退稿：理由是它太「病態」，不會有人想了解當年的歷史。1958年，經過莫里亞克一再奔走，長178頁的《夜》終於由子夜出版社在法國付梓，並於1960年9月在美國出版了116頁的英語版本。五十年後，它和普利摩·李維的《如果這是一個人》及安妮·法蘭克的《安妮的日記》齊名，並列為猶太大屠殺的經典作品。 囚監（Kapo），意指由囚犯中選出的納粹集中營警衛。參考：《夜》（ISBN 9687174593）第85頁 編按 Academy of Achievement. Interview with Elie Wiesel, June 29, 1996, accessed July 2, 2010. Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum, Oświęcim, Poland, accessed July 2, 2010. Berenbaum, Michael (2005). "Why wasn't Auschwitz bombed?", Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed January 26, 2010. Cargas, Harry James (1992). In Conversation with Elie Wiesel. Diamond Communications. ISBN 0912083581 Cargas, Harry James (ed.) (1993). Telling the Tale: A Tribute to Elie Wiesel. Time Being Books. ISBN 1568090072 Encyclopaedia Judaica. Biographies and autobiographies （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 2008, accessed January 26, 2010. Fine, Ellen S. (1982). Legacy of Night: The Literary Universe of Elie Wiesel. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0873955900 Franklin, Ruth (2006). "A Thousand Darknesses", The New Republic, March 23, 2006, accessed January 26, 2010. Goldstein, Leah (2004). "Their Last Stand: 60 Years Since the Auschwitz Uprising" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Yad Vashem Magazine, accessed January 27, 2010. Holocaust Encyclopedia. "Auschwitz"（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, accessed January 26, 2010. Kazin, Alfred (1962). Contemporaries. Little, Brown & Co. Kelber, Werner H. (2001). "Memory's Desire or the Ordeal of Remembering: Judaism and Christianity", Bulletin for Contextual Theology, 7.3 and 8.1, pp. 12-24. Kremer, S. Lillian. "Elie Wiesel", Holocaust Literature: An Encyclopedia of Writers and Their Work, Taylor & Francis, 2002. ISBN 0415929830 Manseau, Peter. "Revising Night: Elie Wiesel and the Hazards of Holocaust Theology", Killing the Buddha, accessed January 26, 2010. Memmott, Carol (2006). "Oprah picks 'Night'" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, USA Today, January 16, 2006, accessed January 26, 2010. Priluck, Jill (2000). "A conversation with Elie Wiesel", Salon, January 5, 2000, accessed January 26, 2010. Public Broadcasting Service (2002). "Life in Sighet, Romania, 1920–39 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, accessed July 2, 2010. Public Broadcasting Service (2002). "Elie Wiesel, First Person Singular" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, accessed July 2, 2010. Rashkin, Peter. "The Jews of Sighetu-Marmatiei", July 17, 2001, accessed July 2, 2010. Reichek, Morton (1976). "Elie Wiesel: Out of the Night," Present Tense. Spring, 1976, pp.41-47. Samuels, Gertrude (1960). "When Evil Closed in: Night" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The New York Times, November 13, 1960. Seidman, Naomi (1996). "Elie Wiesel and the Scandal of Jewish Rage," Jewish Social Studies, December 1996. Sternlicht, Sanford V. (2003). Student companion to Elie Wiesel. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0313325308 9780313325304 Weissman, Gary (2004). Fantasies of Witnessing: Postwar Efforts to Experience the Holocaust, Cornell University Press, June 2004. ISBN 0-8014-4253-2 Wiesel, Elie (1956). Un di velt hot geshvign, Buenos Aires, 1956. Wiesel, Elie (1960). Night. Hill & Wang, 1960; Bantam Books, 1982. ISBN 9780553272536 Wiesel, Elie (1967). "Jewish Values in the Post-Holocaust Future: A Symposium," in Judaism 16, p. 285. Wiesel, Elie (1996). All Rivers Run to the Sea: Memoirs. Schocken Books. ISBN 0-8052-1028-8 Wyatt, Edward. (2006). "The Translation of Wiesel's 'Night' Is New, but Old Questions Are Raised" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The New York Times, January 19, 2006. Yad Vashem. "Transylvania" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Shoah Resource Center, accessed January 26, 2010. 埃利·維瑟爾人文基金會（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Greenberg, Irving, and Alvin H. Rosenfeld (eds.) (1978). Confronting the Holocaust: The Impact of Elie Wiesel. Indiana University Press. Sibelman, Simon P. (1995). Silence in the Novels of Elie Wiesel. St. Martin's Press. Wieseltier, Leon (1998). Kaddish. Random House. Young, James E. (1988). Writing and Rewriting the Holocaust. Indiana University Press. 研讀指引 "Night Book Notes" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, BookRags, accessed July 2, 2010. "Night Study Notes" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Sparknotes, accessed July 2, 2010. "Night Study Guide & Essays" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, GradeSaver, accessed July 2, 2010. "Night , Novelguide.com, accessed July 2, 2010. 《一個德國人的故事》，賽巴斯提安·哈夫納著 《安妮的日記》，安妮·法蘭克著 《如果這是一個人》，普利摩·李維著 《白玫瑰 一九四三》，英格·艾歇-蕭爾著 《破解希特勒》，賽巴斯提安·哈夫納著