榄香烯

榄香烯（英语：Elemene），又称橄烯，是一类结构相关的天然倍半萜的总称，化学式：C15H24，分为α-、β-、γ-和δ-四种异构体。其可知在许多植物中找到，是构成花香气味的物质 。同时也是一些昆虫的信息素 β-榄香烯因其在不同的草药中都存在而受到研究者关注，如郁金（学名：Curcuma wenyujin）中存在β-榄香烯。体外研究表明，β-榄香烯对Rho激酶（英语：Rho-associated protein kinase）有抑制作用， 对一些癌细胞类型有抗增殖作用，是一种潜在的化疗药物。β-榄香烯已经在中国进行了临床试验并报导了其对癌症治疗的益处，并且β-榄香烯的脂质体注射和口服乳剂已被中国食品药品监督管理局批准为用于治疗各种癌症的辅助治疗 。但是西方学者对β-榄香烯的治疗效果和安全性持怀疑态度，临床试验仅在小范围内展开。2023年美国纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心表示："目前为止进行的人体试验质量很差"。考科蓝合作组织根据现有的研究论文给出评价："没有任何对照实验证据来证实或证伪榄香烯对肺癌的治疗效果"。 Floral Compound: alpha-elemene. Pherobase.com. [2024-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-31）.  Floral Compound: delta-elemene. Pherobase.com. [2024-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-31）.  Floral Compound: gamma-elemene. Pherobase.com. [2024-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-31）.  Semiochemical: beta-elemene. Pherobase.com. [2024-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-31）.  Xie Q, Li F, Fang L, Liu W, Gu C. The Antitumor Efficacy of β-Elemene by Changing Tumor Inflammatory Environment and Tumor Microenvironment. BioMed Research International. 2020, 2020: 6892961. PMC 7054771 . PMID 32149121. doi:10.1155/2020/6892961 .  Wang J, Li H, Yao Y, Ren Y, Lin J, Hu J, et al. β-Elemene Enhances GAP-43 Expression and Neurite Outgrowth by Inhibiting RhoA Kinase Activation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscience. July 2018, 383: 12–21. PMID 29751054. S2CID 21735344. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.045.  Zhu T, Xu Y, Dong B, Zhang J, Wei Z, Xu Y, Yao Y. β-elemene inhibits proliferation of human glioblastoma cells through the activation of glia maturation factor β and induces sensitization to cisplatin. Oncology Reports. August 2011, 26 (2): 405–13. PMID 21519795. doi:10.3892/or.2011.1276 .  Yao YQ, Ding X, Jia YC, Huang CX, Wang YZ, Xu YH. Anti-tumor effect of beta-elemene in glioblastoma cells depends on p38 MAPK activation. Cancer Letters. June 2008, 264 (1): 127–34. PMID 18442668. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.049.  Wang G, Li X, Huang F, Zhao J, Ding H, Cunningham C, et al. Antitumor effect of beta-elemene in non-small-cell lung cancer cells is mediated via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. April 2005, 62 (7–8): 881–93. PMID 15868411. S2CID 34767648. doi:10.1007/s00018-005-5017-3.  Li X, Wang G, Zhao J, Ding H, Cunningham C, Chen F, et al. Antiproliferative effect of beta-elemene in chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma cells is mediated through arrest of the cell cycle at the G2-M phase. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. April 2005, 62 (7–8): 894–904. PMID 15868412. S2CID 20587371. doi:10.1007/s00018-005-5027-1.  Zhai B, Zeng Y, Zeng Z, Zhang N, Li C, Zeng Y, et al. Drug delivery systems for elemene, its main active ingredient β-elemene, and its derivatives in cancer therapy. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2018, 13: 6279–6296. PMC 6186893 . PMID 30349250. doi:10.2147/IJN.S174527 .  Peng X, Zhao Y, Liang X, Wu L, Cui S, Guo A, Wang W. Assessing the quality of RCTs on the effect of beta-elemene, one ingredient of a Chinese herb, against malignant tumors. Contemporary Clinical Trials. February 2006, 27 (1): 70–82. PMID 16243588. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2005.07.002.  About Herbs, Botanicals & Other Products: Beta-elemene. Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center. 9 August 2023 [2024-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-30）.  Peng X, Zhao Y, Liang X, Wu L, Cui S, Guo A, Wang W. Assessing the quality of RCTs on the effect of beta-elemene, one ingredient of a Chinese herb, against malignant tumors. Contemporary Clinical Trials. February 2006, 27 (1): 70–82. PMID 16243588. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2005.07.002.