蚌科

蚌科（學名：Unionidae），又名石蛤科或珠蚌科，是軟体動物門雙殼綱古異齒類一個淡水生的物種分支，也是現時蚌目之內最大的一個科，蚌總科之下四個科之一。受生長地帶所限，本科物種的分佈往往受地緣因素限制。 由於淡水蚌类存在趋同演化现象，致使依靠物種間的型態特徵的分类存在许多争议。 在華文文獻，本科被劃分為三個亞科，分別如下： 珠蚌亚科：包括有珠蚌属、楔蚌属、裂脊蚌属、尖丽蚌属、矛蚌属、尖嵴蚌属，例如鱼尾楔蚌、圆顶珠蚌、短褶矛蚌、中国尖嵴蚌等。 无齿蚌亚科：過往只有无齿蚌属，例如：椭圆背角无齿蚌，但現時這個屬已分出了多個新的屬。 小方蚌亚科：包括有蛏蚌属、帆蚌属和丽蚌属，例如洞穴丽蚌、三角帆蚌 而根據ITIS在2014年的數據，蚌科物種可分為下列六個亞科，以及一個有八個屬的科地位未定群組： 小方蚌亚科（Ambleminae） Rafinesque, 1820：但只限北美洲物種；其他東亞物種撥至隆嵴蚌亚科。 隆嵴蚌亚科（Gonideinae） Ortmann, 1916 Modellnaiinae亞科 Brandt, 1974 雕刻蚌亞科（Parreysiinae） Henderson, 1935 Rectidentinae亞科 Modell, 1942 珠蚌亚科（Unioninae） Rafinesque, 1820：只包括13個屬。 另外還有其他文獻將東亞及東南亞的蚌科物種分為Pseudodontinae、Rectidentinae 及 Parreysiinae這三個亞科。 蚌科在全球有142属600多种。 以下為按地域分佈而分類的所有本科的屬： 遍佈各地 無齒蚌屬 Anodonta 波多密蚌属 Potomida 珠蚌屬 Unio 只在非洲 Brazzaea Coelatura Germainaia Grandidieria Mweruella Nitia Nyassunio Prisodontopsis Pseudospatha 只在中美洲與墨西哥 Arotonaias Barynaias Cyrtonaias Delphinonaias Disconaias Friersonia Martensnaias Micronaias Nephritica Nephronaias Pachynaias Popenaias Psoronaias Psorula Reticulatus Sphenonaias 只在東亞 尖丽蚌属 Aculamprotula 尖嵴蚌属 Acuticosta 船蚌屬 Anemina 扭蚌属 Arconaia Caudiculatus 室蚌属 Chamberlainia Contradens 冠蚌属 Cristaria Ctenodesma 楔蚌属 Cuneopsis Discomya Elongaria Ensidens Harmandia 帆蚌属 Hyriopsis 倒齿蚌属 Inversidens Inversiunio 麗蚌屬 Lamprotula 矛蚌属 Lanceolaria Conrad, 1853 莱昂雕刻蚌属 Leoparreysia Vikhrev, Bolotov & Aksenova, 2017 鳞皮蚌属 Lepidodesma Modellnaia Modellnaia siamensis Brandt, 1974 Namkongnaia Namkongnaia inkhavilayi Jeratthitikul, Sutcharit, Ngor & Prasankok, 2021 Namkongnaia lemeslei (Morelet, 1875) 结节蚌属 Nodularia Mertens ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886 Oxynaia F.Haas, 1913，为Nodularia Conrad, 1853的异名 Physunio C.T.Simpson, 1900 Physunio aequilatus Tolstikova, 1975 Physunio chitwanensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995 Physunio laeviusculus Tolstikova, 1976 Physunio massini (Morelet, 1864) Physunio modelli Brandt, 1974 Physunio pakistanus Modell, 1969 Physunio pellucidus J.M.Pfeiffer, D.L.Graf, K.S.Cummings & L.M.Page, 2021 Physunio (Physunio) superbus (I.Lea, 1843) Physunio velaris Sowerby, 1868 Physunio zayssanensis (Martinson & Tolstikova, 1969) Pilsbryoconcha Pressidens Prohyriopsis Pronodularia Protunio 假柏夫蚌属 Pseudobaphia 拟齿蚌属 Pseudodon 尖锄蚌属 Ptychorhynchus Simpson, 1900 Rectidens 菱形蚌属 Rhombuniopsis F.Haas, 1920 糙蚌屬 Scabies Schepmania 裂脊蚌属 Schistodesmus Simpson, 1900 Simpsonella 中华无齿蚌属 Sinanodonta Modell, 1945 蛏蚌属 Solenaia Unionetta 只在歐洲 Microcondylaea 拟无齿蚌属 Pseudanodonta 只在印度次大陸 Arcidopsis Assamnaia Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao Lamellidens C.T.Simpson, 1900 Lamellidens alcobacensis (Choffat, 1885) Lamellidens arungensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995 Lamellidens brandti Bolotov, Konopleva et Vikhrev, 2017 Lamellidens candaharicus (T.Hutton, 1849) Lamellidens carteri (Hislop, 1860) Lamellidens chindwinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022 Lamellidens corrianus (I.Lea, 1834) Lamellidens deccanensis (J.de C.Sowerby, 1840) Lamellidens ferrugineus (Annandale, 1918) Lamellidens friersoni (C.T.Simpson, 1914) Lamellidens generosus (A.Gould, 1847) Lamellidens jammuensis Prashad, 1928 Lamellidens jenkinsianus (W.H.Benson, 1862) 3 Lamellidens lamellatus (I.Lea, 1838) Lamellidens lewisi H.E.Vokes, 1935 Lamellidens mainwaringi Preston, 1912 Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) Lamellidens narainpirensis Preston, 1912 Lamellidens nongyangensis Preston, 1912 Lamellidens phenchooganjensis Preston, 1912 Lamellidens proctori Prashad, 1930 Lamellidens quadratus Annandale, 1924 Lamellidens savadiensis (G.Nevill, 1877) Lamellidens unioides Nesemann & G.Sharma, 2007 Lamellidens vredenburgi Prashad, 1921 Parreysia Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti & Subba Rao, 2024 Radiatula C.T.Simpson, 1900 Radiatula chaudhurii (Preston, 1912) Radiatula chindwinensis Bolotov et al., 2019 Radiatula crispisulcata (W.H.Benson, 1862) Radiatula humilis (I.Lea, 1856) Radiatula jimuriensis (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995) Radiatula kachinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022 Radiatula kohlii (Sahni & Bhatnagar, 1957) Radiatula mouhoti Vikhrev, Bolotov & Konopleva, 2017 Radiatula myitkyinae (Prashad, 1930) Radiatula myitthanensis Bolotov et al., 2019 Radiatula pilata (I.Lea, 1866) Radiatula tenella (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995) Trapezoideus 只在中東 Leguminaia Pseudodontopsis 只在新畿內亞 Haasodonta 只在北美洲 Actinonaias Alasmidonta Amblema Anodontoides Arcidens Cyclonaias 強膨蚌屬 Cyprogenia 走蚌屬 Dromus Ellipsaria Elliptio Elliptoideus Epioblasma 水蚌属 Fusconaia Glebula Gonidea Hamiota Hemistena 美麗蚌屬 Lampsilis Lasmigona Lemiox Leptodea Lexingtonia Ligumia Medionidus Megalonaias Obliquaria Obovaria Pegias Plectomerus Plethobasus 侧底蚌属 Pleurobema Pleuronaia Frierson, 1927 Pleuronaia barnesiana (I.Lea, 1838) Pleuronaia dolabelloides (I.Lea, 1840) Pleuronaia gibber (I.Lea, 1838) Pleuronaia neomexicana (Stanton, 1916) 翼蚌属 Potamilus Rafinesque, 1818 Ptychobranchus Pyganodon Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817) Pyganodon fragilis (Lamarck, 1819) Pyganodon gibbosa (Say, 1824) Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829) Pyganodon lacustris (I.Lea, 1857) 方蚌屬 Quadrula Quincuncina Simpsonaias Strophitus Toxolasma Truncilla Uniomerus Utterbackia Venustaconcha Villosa 未定： Trapezidens Bolotov, Vikhrev & Konopleva, 2017 Trapezidens angustior (Hanley & Theobald, 1876) Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889) Trapezidens exolescens (A.Gould, 1843) Trapezidens mogaungensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022 Trapezidens obesa (Hanley & Theobald, 1876)，为Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889)的异名 Trapezidens obesa feae Kondakov, Konopleva et Vikhrev， 2017 Trapezidens scutum (G.B.Sowerby II, 1868) Trapezidens yeti Konopleva, Bolotov, Kondakov, Kononov, Gofarov, Tomilova, Lunn, Chan, Win & Vikhrev, 2020 Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820. WoRMS. [2015-04-05].  Huber, Markus. Compendium of Bivalves. A Full-color Guide to 3'300 of the World's Marine Bivalves. A Status on Bivalvia after 250 Years of Research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 2010: 901 pp. + CD. ISBN 978-3-939767-28-2.  Unionoidea Rafinesque, 1820. WoRMS. [2015-04-05].  魏开建. 中国蚌科的遗传多样性与系统发育的研究. 2004 [2017-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-06） （中文（简体））.  欧阳解秀. 中国蚌科动物的分子系统进化及遗传多样性研究. 南昌大学博士论文 (南昌大学). [2017-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-02） （中文（简体））.  Unionidae. ITIS. 2014 [2014].  Ivan N. Bolotov,; Ilya V. Vikhrev; Alexander V. Kondakov; Ekaterina S. Konopleva; Mikhail Yu. Gofarov; Olga V. Aksenova; Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan. New taxa of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) from a species-rich but overlooked evolutionary hotspot in Southeast Asia. Sci Rep. 2017-09-14,. 2017; 7: 11573. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11957-9. PMC5599626.  Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Chirasak Sutcharit, Peng Bun Ngor and Pongpun Prasankok. 2021. Molecular Phylogeny reveals A New Genus of Freshwater Mussels from the Mekong River Basin (Bivalvia: Unionidae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 775(1), 119-142. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.775.1553 中国糙蚌属二新种(瓣鳃纲:蚌科). 《动物分类学报》. 1991年, (03期).  Ivan N. Bolotov, Jyotish Sonowal, Devid Kardong, Rajeev Pasupuleti, Nalluri V. Subba Rao, Suresh Kumar Unnikrishnan, Mikhail Y. Gofarov, Alexander V. Kondakov, Ekaterina S. Konopleva, Artem A. Lyubas and Ilya V. Vikhrev. 2024. Discovery of an Endemism Hotspot of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Assam, with A Description of Two New Genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlae052. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae052 引用错误：没有为名为Bolotov17的参考文献提供内容 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：蚌科 Missouri State Unio Gallery （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Ohio State University: Division of Molluscs - Freshwater Mussel Collection - Unionidae Unionidae at The MUSSEL Project Web Site