操演性

操演性（英語：Performativity），或譯作表演性、展演性，是指语言作為社会行为形式发挥作用、產生效果的術語。 操演性，在人类学、社会地理學、文化地理学、经济学、性别研究、法學、语言学、戲劇理論、表演研究、历史、管理學和哲学等不同领域有多种应用與定義。 術語，來自语言哲学家约翰·奥斯丁的言語行為理論。奧斯丁提到了一種特別的能力：通过言语和交流，來采取行动，或達成某项行动。奥斯丁将其与陈述敘說（英語：constative utterance）区分開來，稱為操演敘說（英語：performative utterance）。奧斯丁定义陈述敘說为可以“评估为真或假”的語句。而操演敘說的常见例子，有：承诺、打赌、举行婚礼、示威者宣布罢工、或法官宣布裁决。 受奥斯汀影响，性别研究哲学家朱迪思·巴特勒认为，性别是通过日常的言语行为和非语言行為在社会上构建的，有助于定义和维持身份。 这种性別操演性的观点颠覆了身份是言语、手势等次生行为的原因。相反，性別操演性将行动、行为和手势也视为是形成个人身份的原因，而不只是結果，而个人身份在不断通过言语行为和象征性交流中得到重新定义。 巴特勒的此觀點也受到了傅柯、阿圖塞等哲学家的影响。 或翻作「踐行敘說」、「展演敘說」等 Cavanaugh, Jillian R. Performativity. Anthropology. 10 March 2015 [10 October 2017]. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199766567-0114. （原始内容存档于2023-03-21）.  Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge. 1990.  Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis – Barker & Galasinski Austin, J. L. 1962. How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Austin, J. L. 1970. "Performative Utterances." In Austin, "Philosophical Papers", 233–52. London: Oxford University Press. 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Muñoz, Performing Disidentifications. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. 1999. Oliver, Kelly. 2003. "What Is Transformative about the Performative? From Repetition to Working Through." In Ann Cahill and Jennifer Hansen, eds., Continental Feminism Reader. Parker and Sedgwick, Introduction: Performativity and Performance. Performativity and Performance. 1995. Pickering, Andrew. 1995. The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency and Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Robinson, Douglas. 2003. Performative Linguistics: Speaking and Translating as Doing Things With Words. London and New York: Routledge. Robinson, Douglas. 2006. Introducing Performative Pragmatics. London and New York: Routledge. Roudavski, Stanislav. 2008. Staging Places as Performances: Creative Strategies for Architecture （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (PhD, University of Cambridge) Rosaldo, Michele. 1980. The things we do with words: Ilongot speech acts and speech act theory in philosophy. 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