儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶

兒茶酚-O-甲基轉移酶（COMT; EC 2.1.1.6）是分解兒茶酚胺（如多巴胺、腎上腺素和去甲腎上腺素）的幾種酶之一。在人體，兒茶酚-O-甲基轉移酶由COMT基因編碼。鑒於在一些疾病中兒茶酚胺的調節受損，數種藥物以COMT為標靶，調整其活性來控制兒茶酚胺的濃度。 COMT在1957年由生物化學家 朱利叶斯·阿克塞尔罗德發現。 兒茶酚-O-甲基轉移酶參與了儿茶酚胺神经递质（多巴胺、肾上腺素以及去甲肾上腺素）的去活性化，它在兒茶酚胺上加入由 S-腺苷甲硫氨酸（SAM）給予的甲基。具有鄰苯二酚結構的物質都是COMT的基質，如兒茶酚雌激素以及含有鄰苯二酚的黃酮類化合物。 L-多巴，兒茶酚胺的前驅物，是COMT重要的基質。COMT抑制劑如恩他卡朋，使L-多巴不被COMT分解為3-O-甲基多巴（3-OMD），剩下芳香族L-氨基酸脫羧酶（DACC）途徑，同時增加其半衰期。延長L-多巴藥物時效。 由COMT催化的反應包含: 多巴胺 → 3-Methoxytyramine DOPAC（英语：DOPAC） → HVA（高香草酸） 去甲肾上腺素 → 去甲變腎上腺素 肾上腺素 → 變腎上腺素 Dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG） → Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol（英语：Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol）（MOPEG） 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA) → Vanillylmandelic acid（英语：Vanillylmandelic acid）（VMA） 在腦部，依賴COMT的多巴胺降解於低多巴胺轉運體（DAT）表現的區域特別重要，如前額葉皮質。 COMT是編碼這個酶的基因的名字。名字中的O意指氧，不是ortho（英语：arene substitution patterns）。 COMT抑制劑包括托卡朋（英语：tolcapone）以及恩他卡朋，常被用於治療帕金森氏症。 多巴胺 L-多巴 O-甲基轉移酶（英语：O-methyltransferase） 帕金森氏症 思覺失調症 Figure 11-4 in: Rod Flower; Humphrey P. Rang; Maureen M. Dale; Ritter, James M. 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