升糖负荷

升糖负荷（glycemic load，GL）又称血糖负荷，是描述食物摄入后将如何升高人的血糖水平，1个单位的升糖负荷约相当于吃1克葡萄糖的效果。对于1份食物，升糖负荷大于20被认为是高的；在11-19为中等的；低于10为低负荷。 升糖负荷利用升糖指数"加权"食物中可吸收碳水化合物的量，计算公式为： 食物中可吸收碳水化合物的克数 × 升糖指数 ÷ 100 計算例子如：西瓜的升糖指数很高为72；但是西瓜的含糖量较低（约5%），因此西瓜的升糖负荷较低，100克西瓜的升糖负荷为5 x 72/100=3.6。 升糖负荷与升糖指数的数据可参见悉尼大学人类营养GI数据库。升糖负荷对于糖尿病饮食、代谢综合症、胰岛素抵抗、减肥等，比升糖指数较有价值；研究表明餐后的血糖与胰岛素保持高峰值水平将增加患糖尿病风险。 存档副本. [2023-05-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-24）.  Glycemic Load Defined. Glycemic Research Institute. [8 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-27）.  Das, Sai Krupa; et al. Long-term effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in glycemic load on dietary adherence, body composition, and metabolism in CALERIE: a 1-y randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. April 2007, 85 (4): 1023–1030 [8 February 2013]. PMC 2920502 . PMID 17413101. （原始内容存档于2017-07-19）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) Glycemic Index Database. University of Sydney. [8 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-06）.  Ludwig, Daniel S. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Medical Association. May 2002, 287 (18): 2414–2423. PMID 11988062. doi:10.1001/jama.287.18.2414.  Villegas, Raquel; Liu, Simin; Gao, Yu-Tang; Yang, Gong; Li, Honglan; Zheng, Wei; Shu, Xiao Ou. Prospective Study of Dietary Carbohydrates, Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-aged Chinese Women. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007, 6167 (21): 2310–2316 [8 February 2013]. PMID 18039989. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2310. （原始内容存档于2014-04-17）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) Krishnan, Supriya; Rosenberg, Lynn; Singer, Martha; Hu, Frank B.; Djoussé, Luc; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Palmer, Julie R. Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Cereal Fiber Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Black Women. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007, 167 (21): 2304–2309 [8 February 2013]. PMID 18039988. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2304. （原始内容存档于2014-05-09）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) Simple Steps to Preventing Diabetes. The Nutrition Source. Harvard School of Public Health. [8 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-08）.  Holt, Susanne H. A.; Miller, Janette C. Brand; Petocz, Peter. An insulin index of foods: the insulin demand generated by 1000-kJ portions of common foods (PDF). The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. November 1997, 66 (5): 1264–1276 [8 February 2013]. PMID 9356547. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-12-24）. 简明摘要 – David Mendosa (14 October 2009).  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) Note: Glucose Score & Insulin Score multiplied by 0.7 for Glycemic index & Insulin index respectively. Calculation using data already tabulated and data from Holt, 1997. Miller, Janette Brand; Pang, Edna; Bramall, Lindsay. Rice: a high or low glycemic index food? (PDF). The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. December 1992, 56 (6): 1034–1036 [8 February 2013]. PMID 1442654. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-02-11）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) Calculation based on Miller, 1992 "International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Tree/freetext search-style database of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load (same number of food items but also calculates totals according to FAO/WHO specifications（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）).