濁齒齦塞音

濁齒齦塞音是輔音的一種。濁齒齦塞音、齒音和齒齦後音在國際音標的符號都是⟨d⟩，X-SAMPA音標的符號則是⟨d⟩。北京官話和標準粵語均無此音，只有/t/。吳語有此音，由宋朝廣韻及更早之舌頭音，定紐作/d/。 濁齒齦塞音的特點： 發音方法是閉塞，也就是說通過阻礙空氣在聲腔流動來發音。 發音部位是齒齦，即以舌尖或者舌尖後的扁平面（舌葉）抵住上齒齦脊發音。 發聲類型是濁音，意味着發音時聲帶顫動。 本輔音是口腔輔音 (口音) ，表示發音時空氣只從口裡流出。 中央輔音，氣流可從舌中部流過，不從兩側流過。 氣流特點是從肺部直接流出，而不是從口腔或喉門流出。 Dum-Tragut (2009)，第13頁. Padluzhny (1989)，第47頁. Carbonell & Llisterri (1992)，第53頁. Remijsen & Manyang (2009)，第115, 121頁. Collins & Mees (2003)，第302頁. Roca & Johnson (1999)，第24頁. Watt & Allen (2003)，第270頁. Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland (PDF). [2020-12-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-12）.  Fougeron & Smith (1993)，第73頁. Shosted & Chikovani (2006)，第255頁. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFShostedChikovani2006 (help) Ladefoged (2005)，第141頁. Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004)，第117頁. Okada (1999)，第117頁. Jerzy Treder. Fonetyka i fonologia. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.  Kara (2003)，第11頁. Nau (1998)，第6頁. Jassem (2003)，第103頁. Cruz-Ferreira (1995)，第91頁. Jones & Ward (1969)，第99頁. Landau et al. (1999)，第66頁. Pretnar & Tokarz (1980)，第21頁. 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