火蟻屬

火蟻屬（Solenopsis）又稱為火家蟻屬，隸屬於蟻科家蟻亞科，大約有380個物種，其中最知名的為入侵紅火蟻（Solenopsis invicta），其腹部末端帶有螫針，動物被螫傷後毒素會進入體內，嚴重的情况下會因全身性過敏而休克，甚至導致死亡。「火蟻」（Fire Ants）俗名是在描述被其螫刺後如火灼傷般疼痛感，有些情況會出現如灼傷般的水泡，值得注意的是，Solenopsis是一個組成複雜的屬，其生態行為也多樣，因此，「火蟻」（Fire Ants）的俗名適用於那些較具侵略性的物種。 火蟻屬是一個組成複雜、龐大且難以分類的屬，大部分的物種體型微小、具單形性(monomorphic)、且生活在土壤之下，這些體型微小的物種有些被稱作為「賊蟻」(thief ants)，賊蟻生活在其他體型較大的白蟻或螞蟻的巢中。有些新世界的物種體型較大且為多形性(polymorphic)，他們的群落大小可以達到相當大的規模，且工蟻為極具侵略性的表層掠食者，這些物種也就是俗稱的「火蟻」(fire ants)。 本属包括以下物种： Solenopsis abdita Thompson, 1989 Solenopsis africana Santschi, 1914 Solenopsis albidula Emery, 1906 Solenopsis alecto Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis alena Özdikmen, 2010 Solenopsis altinodis Forel, 1912 Solenopsis amblychila Wheeler, 1915 Solenopsis andina Santschi, 1923 Solenopsis angulata Emery, 1894 Solenopsis atavinus Perfilieva et al., 2017 Solenopsis atlantis Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis aurea Wheeler, 1906 Solenopsis avia (Bernard, 1978) Solenopsis azteca Forel, 1893 Solenopsis bacchettae Brullo, C.Brullo, Tavilla, Siracusa & Cambria, 2022 Solenopsis bakri Sharaf Solenopsis balachowskyi Bernard, 1959 Solenopsis banyulensis Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis basalis Forel, 1896 Solenopsis belisarius Forel, 1907 Solenopsis blanda (Foerster, 1891) Solenopsis brasiliana Santschi, 1925 Solenopsis brazoensis (Buckley, 1867) Solenopsis brevicornis Emery, 1888 Solenopsis brevipes Emery, 1906 Solenopsis bruchi Solenopsis bruchiella Emery, 1922 Solenopsis bruesi Creighton, 1930 Solenopsis bucki Kempf, 1973 Solenopsis canariensis Forel, 1893 Solenopsis capensis Mayr, 1866 Solenopsis carolinensis Forel, 1901 Solenopsis castor Forel, 1893 Solenopsis celata (Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985) Solenopsis clarki Crawley, 1922 Solenopsis cleptomana Solenopsis clytemnestra Emery, 1896 Solenopsis conjurata Wheeler, 1925 Solenopsis cooperi Donisthorpe, 1947 Solenopsis corticalis Forel, 1881 Solenopsis crivellarii Menozzi, 1936 Solenopsis daguerrei (Santschi, 1930) Solenopsis dalli (Kusnezov, 1969) Solenopsis debilior Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis decipiens Emery, 1906 Solenopsis delta (Bernard, 1978) Solenopsis deserticola Ruzsky, 1905 Solenopsis duboscqui Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis dysderces Snelling, 1975 Solenopsis egregia (Kusnezov, 1953) Solenopsis electra Forel, 1914 Solenopsis elhawagryi Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012 Solenopsis emeryi Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis exigua Solenopsis eximia (Kusnezov, 1953) Solenopsis fairchildi Wheeler, 1926 Solenopsis foersteri Theobald, 1937 Solenopsis franki Forel, 1908 Solenopsis froggatti Forel, 1913 Solenopsis fugax (Latreille, 1798) Solenopsis fusciventris Clark, 1934 Solenopsis gallardoi Santschi, 1925 Solenopsis gallica Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis gayi (Spinola, 1851) Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius, 1804) Solenopsis georgica Menozzi, 1942 Solenopsis germaini Emery, 1895 Solenopsis globularia (Smith, 1858) Solenopsis gnomula Emery, 1915 Solenopsis goeldii Forel, 1912 Solenopsis granivora Kusnezov, 1957 Solenopsis hammari Mayr, 1903 Solenopsis hayemi Forel, 1908 Solenopsis helena Emery, 1895 Solenopsis hostilis (Borgmeier, 1959) Solenopsis iheringi Forel, 1908 Solenopsis ilinei Santschi, 1936 Solenopsis indagatrix Wheeler, 1928 Solenopsis indet Solenopsis insculpta Clark, 1938 Solenopsis insinuans Santschi, 1933 Solenopsis insularis (Bernard, 1978) Solenopsis interrupta Santschi, 1916 入侵红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972 Solenopsis jacoti Wheeler, 1923 Solenopsis jalalabadica Pisarski, 1970 Solenopsis japonica Wheeler, 1928 Solenopsis joergenseni Santschi, 1919 Solenopsis juliae (Arakelian, 1991) Solenopsis kabylica Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis knuti Pisarski, 1967 Solenopsis kochi Finzi Stat. Solenopsis krockowi Wheeler, 1908 Solenopsis laboriosa Solenopsis laeviceps Mayr, 1870 Solenopsis laevithorax Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis latastei Emery, 1895 Solenopsis latro Forel, 1894 Solenopsis leptanilloides Santschi, 1925 Solenopsis longiceps Forel, 1907 Solenopsis loretana Santschi, 1936 Solenopsis lotophaga Santschi, 1911 Solenopsis lou Forel, 1902 Solenopsis lusitanica Emery, 1915 Solenopsis macdonaghi Santschi, 1916 Solenopsis macrops Santschi, 1917 Solenopsis madara Roger, 1863 Solenopsis major Theobald, 1937 Solenopsis maligna Santschi, 1910 Solenopsis mameti Donisthorpe, 1946 Solenopsis marxi Forel, 1915 Solenopsis maxillosa Emery, 1900 Solenopsis maxima (Foerster, 1891) Solenopsis medioclara Santschi Solenopsis megera Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis megergates Trager, 1991 Solenopsis metanotalis Emery, 1896 Solenopsis metatarsalis (Kusnezov, 1957) Solenopsis minutissima Emery, 1906 Solenopsis moesta (Foerster, 1891) Solenopsis molesta (Say, 1836) Solenopsis monticola Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis mozabensis (Bernard, 1977) Solenopsis nicaeensis Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis nickersoni Thompson, 1982 Solenopsis nigella Emery, 1888 Solenopsis nitens Bingham, 1903 Solenopsis nitidum (Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994) Solenopsis normandi Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis novemmaculata Wheeler, 1925 Solenopsis occipitalis Santschi, 1911 Solenopsis oculata Santschi, 1925 Solenopsis omana Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 Solenopsis oraniensis Forel, 1894 Solenopsis orbula Emery, 1875 Solenopsis orbuloides Andre, 1890 Solenopsis overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916 Solenopsis pachycera (Forel, 1915) Solenopsis papuana Emery, 1900 Solenopsis parabiotica Weber, 1943 Solenopsis parva Mayr, 1868 Solenopsis patagonica Emery, 1906 Solenopsis pawaensis Mann, 1919 Solenopsis pergandei Forel, 1901 Solenopsis photophila Santschi, 1923 Solenopsis picea Emery, 1896 Solenopsis picquarti Forel, 1899 Solenopsis picta Emery, 1895 Solenopsis pilosa (Bernard, 1978) Solenopsis pilosula Wheeler, 1908 Solenopsis pollux Forel, 1893 Solenopsis privata (Foerster, 1891) Solenopsis provincialis Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis punctaticeps Mayr, 1865 Solenopsis puncticeps MacKay & Vinson, 1989 Solenopsis pusillignis Trager, 1991 Solenopsis pygmaea Forel, 1901 Solenopsis pylades Forel Solenopsis pythia Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel, 1913 Solenopsis reichenspergeri Santschi, 1923 Solenopsis richardi Bernard, 1950 入侵黑火蟻 Solenopsis richteri Forel, 1909 Solenopsis robusta Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis rugiceps Mayr, 1870 Solenopsis rugosa Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis sabeana (Buckley, 1867) Solenopsis saevissima (Smith, 1855) Solenopsis salina Wheeler, 1908 Solenopsis santschii Forel, 1905 Solenopsis saudiensis Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011 Solenopsis scelesta Forel Solenopsis schilleri Santschi, 1923 Solenopsis schmalzi Forel, 1901 Solenopsis scipio Santschi, 1911 Solenopsis sea (Kusnezov, 1953) Solenopsis seychellensis Forel, 1909 Solenopsis shiptoni Santschi Solenopsis silvestrii Emery, 1906 Solenopsis similis Solenopsis solenopsidis (Kusnezov, 1953) Solenopsis soochowensis Wheeler, 1921 Solenopsis spei Forel, 1912 Solenopsis steigeri Santschi Solenopsis stricta Emery, 1896 Solenopsis substituta Santschi, 1925 Solenopsis subterranea MacKay & Vinson, 1989 Solenopsis subtilis Emery, 1896 Solenopsis succinea Emery, 1890 Solenopsis sulfurea (Roger, 1862) Solenopsis superba (Foerster, 1891) Solenopsis targuia Bernard, 1953 Solenopsis tennesseensis Smith, 1951 Solenopsis tenuis Mayr, 1878 Solenopsis terricola Menozzi, 1931 Solenopsis tertialis Ettershank, 1966 Solenopsis tetracantha Emery, 1906 Solenopsis texana Emery, 1895 Solenopsis tipuna Forel, 1912 Solenopsis tonsa Thompson, 1989 Solenopsis transversalis Solenopsis tridens Forel, 1911 Solenopsis trihasta Santschi, 1923 Solenopsis truncorum Forel, 1901 Solenopsis ugandensis Santschi, 1933 Solenopsis valida (Foerster, 1891) Solenopsis vinsoni Pacheco & Mackay, 2013 Solenopsis virulens (Smith, 1858) Solenopsis vorax Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis wasmannii Emery, 1894 Solenopsis weiseri Forel, 1914 Solenopsis westwoodi Forel, 1894 Solenopsis weyrauchi Trager, 1991 Solenopsis wolfi Emery, 1915 Solenopsis xyloni McCook, 1879 Solenopsis zambesiae Arnold, 1926 Solenopsis zeteki Wheeler, 1942 AntWeb. Genus: Solenopsis Westwood, 1840. [2019-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）.  Wheeler, G. C. and J. Wheeler. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 1986.  Salvatore Brullo, Cristian Brullo, Gianmarco Tavilla, Giuseppe Siracusa and Salvatore Cambria. 2022. Solenopsis bacchettae (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), A New Species from Sardinia. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1111/njb.03773