GJ 3512

GJ 3512是距離地球約31光年的紅矮星，並且有一顆氣體巨行星環繞該恆星。 GJ 3512的質量約為太陽的0.12倍，但其擁有的行星GJ 3512b的質量下限為木星的0.46倍。GJ 3512的質量只有其所擁有行星的250倍，這使天文學家開始質疑傳統的行星形成模型。 2019 年，利用徑向速度法發現有一顆氣體巨行星以偏心軌道運行這顆恆星的質量僅為氣態巨行星的250倍，這對傳統的行星形成模型提出了質疑。如果恆星誕生於一個疏散星團中，那麼這顆行星可能是圍繞一顆質量更高的恆星形成的，然後在相互作用過程中被交換到這個系統中。該物體的偏心軌道可能是由系統中的另一顆系外行星噴射造成的。懷疑在更寬的圓形軌道上存在第二顆氣態巨行星；2020 年的一項研究為這個星球提供了更有力的證據，現在大多數消息來源都認為它得到了證實。 鄰近恆星列表 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.  VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录 Weis, Edward W. Photometry of Stars with Large Proper Motion. The Astronomical Journal. 1996, 112: 2300. Bibcode:1996AJ....112.2300W. doi:10.1086/118183.  Terrien, Ryan C.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Bender, Chad F.; Deshpande, Rohit; Robertson, Paul. M Dwarf Luminosity, Radius, and α-enrichment from I-band Spectral Features. The Astrophysical Journal. 2015, 802 (1): L10. Bibcode:2015ApJ...802L..10T. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/802/1/L10.  Newton, Elisabeth R.; Charbonneau, David; Irwin, Jonathan; Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; Rojas-Ayala, Barbara; Covey, Kevin; Lloyd, James P. Near-infrared Metallicities, Radial Velocities, and Spectral Types for 447 Nearby M Dwarfs. The Astronomical Journal. 2014, 147 (1): 20. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...20N. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/1/20.  Newton, Elisabeth R.; Irwin, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David; Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; Dittmann, Jason A.; West, Andrew A. The Rotation and Galactic Kinematics of Mid M Dwarfs in the Solar Neighborhood. The Astrophysical Journal. 2016, 821 (2): 93. Bibcode:2016ApJ...821...93N. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/821/2/93.  Newton, Elisabeth R.; Charbonneau, David; Irwin, Jonathan; Mann, Andrew W. An Empirical Calibration to Estimate Cool Dwarf Fundamental Parameters from H-band Spectra. The Astrophysical Journal. 2015, 800 (2): 85. Bibcode:2015ApJ...800...85N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/85.  Reiners, A.; Zechmeister, M.; Caballero, J. A.; Ribas, I.; Morales, J. C.; Jeffers, S. V.; Schöfer, P.; Tal-Or, L.; Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P. J.; Kaminski, A.; Seifert, W.; Abril, M.; Aceituno, J.; Alonso-Floriano, F. J.; Ammler-von Eiff, M.; Antona, R.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Anwand-Heerwart, H.; Arroyo-Torres, B.; Azzaro, M.; Baroch, D.; Barrado, D.; Bauer, F. F.; Becerril, S.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Benítez, D.; Berdinas̃, Z. M.; Bergond, G.; et al. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2018, 612: A49. Bibcode:2018A&A...612A..49R. arXiv:1711.06576 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732054.  Choi, Charles Q. Surprise! Giant Planet Found Circling Tiny Red Dwarf Star. Space.com. [26 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-06）.  Morales, J. C.; Mustill, A. J.; Ribas, I.; Davies, M. B.; Reiners, A.; Bauer, F. F.; Kossakowski, D.; Herrero, E.; Rodríguez, E.; López-González, M. J.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Béjar, V. J. S.; González-Cuesta, L.; Luque, R.; Pallé, E.; Perger, M.; Baroch, D.; Johansen, A.; Klahr, H.; Mordasini, C.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Caballero, J. A.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Dreizler, S.; Lafarga, M.; Nagel, E.; Passegger, V. M.; Reffert, S.; Rosich, A.; et al. A giant exoplanet orbiting a very-low-mass star challenges planet formation models. Science. 2019, 365 (6460): 1441–1445. arXiv:1909.12174 . doi:10.1126/science.aax3198.  Morales, J. C.; et al. A giant exoplanet orbiting a very-low-mass star challenges planet formation models. Science. 2019, 365 (6460): 1441–1445. Bibcode:2019Sci...365.1441M. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 31604272. S2CID 202888425. arXiv:1909.12174 . doi:10.1126/science.aax3198.  Wang, Yi-Han; et al. Giant Planet Swaps during Close Stellar Encounters. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. March 2020, 891 (1): 6. Bibcode:2020ApJ...891L..14W. S2CID 211204929. arXiv:2002.08366 . doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab77d0. L14.  Lopez-Santiago, J.; et al. A likely magnetic activity cycle for the exoplanet host M dwarf GJ 3512. The Astronomical Journal. 2020, 160 (6): 273. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..273L. S2CID 222378457. arXiv:2010.07715 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abc171.  Planet GJ 3512 c. Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. [28 August 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-05）.  GJ 3512. NASA Exoplanet Archive. [28 August 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-09）.  Reylé, Céline; Jardine, Kevin; Fouqué, Pascal; Caballero, Jose A.; Smart, Richard L.; Sozzetti, Alessandro. Stars, brown dwarfs and exoplanets within 10 parsecs. gruze.org. [2023-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-12）.