新蛇小目

新蛇小目（學名：Caenophidia）是蛇亚目真蛇下目的一个小目，在蛇亚目中种类最多，分为六科。包括各种毒蛇、无毒蛇。 本小目包括以下科： † Anomalophiidae † Russellophiidae 瘰鳞蛇超科 Acrochordoidea 瘰鱗蛇科 Acrochordidae †古杯蛇科 Palaeophiidae † Nigerophiidae 黃頷蛇類 Colubroides 閃皮蛇科 Xenodermidae 黃頷蛇形類 Colubriformes (Günther, 1864) 鈍頭蛇科 Pareatidae Endoglyptodonta (Zaher et al., 2009) 蝰科 Viperidae 水蛇科 Homalopsidae 眼鏡蛇超科 Elapoidea 鏟吻蛇科 Prosymnidae Psammodynastidae Das, Greenbaum, Brecko, Pauwels, Ruane, Pirro & Merilä, 2024 Psammodynastes Günther, 1858 Psammodynastes pulverulentus (Boie, 1827) 花條蛇科 Psammophiidae Pseudoxyrhophiidae Alluaudina Mocquard, 1894 Amplorhinus A.Smith, 1847 Brygophis Domergue & Bour, 1988 Buhoma Ziegler, Vences, Glaw & Böhme, 1997 Buhoma depressiceps (Werner, 1897) Buhoma procterae (Loveridge, 1922) Buhoma vauerocegae (Tornier, 1902) Compsophis Mocquard, 1894 Ditypophis Günther, 1881 Dromicodryas Boulenger, 1893 Duberria Fitzinger, 1826 Elapotinus Jan, 1862 Exallodontophis Cadle, 1999 Heteroliodon Boettger, 1913 Ithycyphus Günther, 1873 Langaha Bonaterre, 1790 Leioheterodon A.M.C.Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A.Duméril, 1854 Liophidium Boulenger, 1896 Liopholidophis Mocquard, 1904 Lycodryas Günther, 1879 Madagascarophis Mertens, 1952 Micropisthodon Mocquard, 1894 Pararhadinaea Boettger, 1898 Parastenophis Domergue, 1995 Phisalixella Domergue, 1995 Pseudoxyrhopus Günther, 1881 Thamnosophis Jan, 1863 屋蛇科 Lamprophiidae 穴蝰科 Atractaspididae 眼鏡蛇科 Elapidae 黃頷蛇總科 Colubroidea 劍蛇科 Sibynophiidae 水游蛇科 Natricidae 食螺蛇科 Dipsadidae 黃頷蛇科 Colubridae 一些常见的宠物蛇有： 吊带蛇 翠青蛇 王蛇 鼠蛇 软蛇 水蛇 The elapids in the past were considered to have two subfamilies–the Elapinae made of terrestrial species and Hydrophiinae made of the marine species. In 1997, Slowinski, Knight and Rooney found in their phylogenetic analysis using amino acid sequences from venom proteins, that the Australasian terrestrial species nested within the Hydrophiinae. This led to removing the Australasian terrestrial species and placing them in Hydrophiinae. This has been supported in subsequent recent genomic analyses, though these same studies also found the subfamily Elapinae to be paraphyletic in respect to the Hydrophiinae. These studies have found coral snakes, cobras and mambas, kraits, and African gartersnakes forming successive outgroups to Hydrophiinae. Since clade names are available for these groups with the exception of the Elapsoidea, bringing back the subfamilies Calliophiinae, Micrurinae, Najinae, and Bungarinae is ideal. Zaher, Hussam; Grazziotin, Felipe Gobbi; Cadle, John E.; Murphy, Robert W.; Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar de; Bonatto, Sandro L. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (scielo). 2009, 49: 115 – 153. ISSN 0031-1049. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009001100001 （英语）.  Sunandan Das, Eli Greenbaum, Jonathan Brecko, Olivier S. G. Pauwels, Sara Ruane, Stacy Pirro and Juha Merilä. 2024. Phylogenomics of Psammodynastes and Buhoma (Elapoidea: Serpentes), with the Description of A New Asian Snake Family. Scientific Reports. 9489. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60215-2 Mattison, C. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press. 2007.  Slowinski, J. B.; Knight, A.; Rooney, A. P. Inferring Species Trees from Gene Trees: A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Elapidae (Serpentes) Based on the Amino Acid Sequences of Venom Proteins.. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 1997, 8 (3): 349–362. PMID 9417893. doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0434.  Pyron; Burbrink; Wiens. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2013, 13: 93. PMC 3682911 . PMID 23627680. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93.  Lee, M. S.; Sanders, K. L.; King, B.; Palci, A. Diversification rates and phenotypic evolution in venomous snakes (Elapidae).. Royal Society Open Science. 2016, 3 (1): 1. Bibcode:2016RSOS....350277L. PMC 4736917 . PMID 26909162. doi:10.1098/rsos.150277.  Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L.; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus. PLOS ONE. 2016, 11 (9): e0161070. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161070F. PMC 5014348 . PMID 27603205. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070.