缨小蜂科

缨小蜂科(Mymaridae)也被称为仙女蜂科(fairy wasp或fairyfly)，是小蜂总科下的一个科，遍布世界温带和热带区域。缨小蜂科包含100个属和1400个物种。 同大多是小蜂总科的生物一样，缨小蜂科的昆虫都十分微小，通常只有0.5至1.0 mm（0.020至0.039英寸）长。 缨小蜂科包含目前已知的最小昆虫，体长只有0.139 mm（0.0055英寸）。最小的飞虫也属于缨小蜂科，体长为0.15 mm（0.0059英寸）。缨小蜂科通常为黑色、棕色或黄色。雌性触角明显地呈片段型的倾斜，而雄性触角则是线状的。它们的翅膀一般是细长的，具有长鬃毛，看起来呈羽毛状，但也有的物种拥有很短的翅膀或完全没有翅膀。通过头部缝线的H形图案可以区别缨小蜂科与其他小蜂总科生物。 缨小蜂科是小蜂总科下最常见的一个科，但它们由于体型十分微小所以难以被人注意到。它们的一生十分短暂，通常只有几天。所有的缨小蜂科生物都是拟寄生物，它们寄生在其他昆虫的卵里面，很多物种都已被成功地用来做生物防治。 缨小蜂科的化石来源于早期白垩纪的阿尔布期。它们是目前已知的唯一来源于白垩纪的小蜂总科生物，因此它们被认为是最原始的小蜂总科生物。 缨小蜂科最初由爱尔兰昆虫学家亚力山大·亨利·哈利迪于1833年创立。哈利迪的两位亲密朋友约翰·柯蒂斯和弗朗西斯·沃克，也是受人尊敬的昆虫学家，他们在19世纪早期的膜翅目昆虫研究中具有很深的影响力。 下表是缨小蜂科所包含的属。 有 † 标志的为已经灭绝的属 Acanthomymar Subba Rao, 1970 Acmopolynema Ogloblin, 1946 Acmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Agalmopolynema Ogloblin, 1960 Alaptus Ferrière, 1930 Allanagrus Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Allarescon Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Anagroidea Girault, 1915 Anagrus Haliday, 1833 Anaphes Haliday, 1833 Anneckia Subba Rao, 1970 Apoxypteron Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Arescon Walker, 1846 Australomymar Girault, 1929 Baburia Hedqvist, 2004 Bakkendorfia Mathot, 1966 Boccacciomymar Triapitysn & Berezovskiy, 2007 Borneomymar Huber, 2002 Boudiennyia Girault, 1937 Bruchomymar Ogloblin, 1939 Caenomymar Yoshimoto, 1990 Callodicopus Ogloblin, 1955 Camptoptera Förster, 1856 Camptopteroides Viggiani, 1974 Caraphractus Walker, 1846 Ceratanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Chaetomymar Ogloblin, 1946 Chrysoctonus Mathot, 1966 Cleruchoides Lin & Huber, 2007 Cleruchus Enock, 1909 Cnecomymar Ogloblin, 1963 Cremnomymar Ogloblin, 1952 Cybomymar Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Dicopomorpha Ogloblin, 1955 Dicopus Enock, 1909 Dorya Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Entrichopteris Yoshimoto, 1990 Eofoersteria Mathot, 1966 Erdosiella Soyka, 1956 Erythmelus Enock, 1909 Eubroncus Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin, 1972 Eucleruchus Ogloblin, 1940 Eustochomorpha Girault, 1915 Eustochus Haliday, 1833 Formicomymar Yoshimoto, 1990 Gahanopsis Ogloblin, 1946 Ganomymar De Santis, 1972 Gonatocerus Nees, 1834 Haplochaeta Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Himopolynema Taguchi, 1977 Idiocentrus Gahan, 1927 Ischiodasys Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Kalopolynema Ogloblin, 1960 Kikiki Huber & Beardsley, 2000 Kompsomymar Lin & Huber, 2007 Krokella Huber, 1993 Kubja Subba Rao, 1984 Litus Haliday, 1833 Macrocamptoptera Girault, 1910 Malfattia Meunier, 1901 Mimalaptus Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Mymar Curtis, 1829 Mymarilla Westwood, 1879 Myrmecomymar Yoshimoto, 1990 Narayanella Subba Rao, 1976 Neolitus Ogloblin, 1935 Neomymar Crawford, 1913 Neostethynium Ogloblin, 1964 Neserythmelus Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Nesomymar Valentine, 1971 Nesopatasson Valentine, 1971 Notomymar Doutt & Yoshimoto, 1970 Omyomymar Schauff, 1983 Ooctonus Haliday, 1833 Palaeoneura Waterhouse, 1915 Palaeopatasson Witsack, 1986 Paracmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Paranaphoidea Girault, 1913 Parapolynema Fidalgo, 1982 Parastethynium Lin & Huber in Lin, Huber & La Salle, 2007 Platyfrons Yoshimoto, 1990 Platypolynema Ogloblin, 1960 Platystethynium Ogloblin, 1946 Polynema Haliday, 1833 Polynemoidea Girault, 1913 Polynemula Ogloblin, 1967 Prionaphes Hincks, 1961 Pseudanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Pseudocleruchus Donev & Huber, 2002 Ptilomymar Annecke & Doutt, 1961 Restisoma Yoshimoto, 1990 Richteria Girault, 1920 Schizophragma Ogloblin, 1949 Scleromymar Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Steganogaster Noyes & Valentine, 1989 Stephanocampta Mathot, 1966 Stephanodes Enock, 1909 Stethynium Enock, 1909 Tanyostethium Yoshimoto, 1990 Tetrapolynema Ogloblin, 1946 Tinkerbella Huber & Noyes, 2013 Zelanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989 这些是已经灭绝的属，通过分析其化石从而被归类于缨小蜂科: †Carpenteriana Yoshimoto, 1975 †Enneagmus Yoshimoto, 1975 †Eoanaphes Huber in Huber & Greenwalt, 2011 †Eoeustochus Huber in Huber & Greenwalt, 2011 †Macalpinia Yoshimoto, 1975 †Myanmymar Huber in Huber & Poinar, 2011 †Triadomerus Yoshimoto, 1975 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：缨小蜂科 維基物種上的相關信息：缨小蜂科 生物防治 寄生蜂下目 赤眼蜂科 Kari T. 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