原始犹他-阿兹特克语

原始犹他－阿兹特克语是犹他－阿兹特克语系的祖语。学界一般认为犹他－阿兹特克语系原乡在美墨边境地区，具体点说是在亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州的高地地区，以及相邻的墨西哥索诺拉省和奇瓦瓦省，大致对应索诺拉沙漠和奇瓦瓦沙漠西部。可能在约5000年前由中美洲北端的中石器时代的狩猎采集部落使用。 构拟出的植物词汇能提供一些原始犹他－阿兹特克语的生态环境。Fowler将原始犹他－阿兹特克语定在亚利桑那中部，北部方言在内华达和莫哈韦沙漠，南部方言向南跨过泰皮曼走廊进入墨西哥。努米语族的原乡曾被认为在加州南部的死亡谷附近，南犹他－阿兹特克语族的原乡则在索诺拉省沿海。 一个相反的假说认为原始犹他－阿兹特克语的原乡在远得多的南方，在2001年首先由简·希尔提出，证据是她构拟出的原始犹他－阿兹特克语的一些与玉米有关的词汇。她的理论认为，假定的原始犹他－阿兹特克语使用者是中美洲玉米农民，逐渐向北迁徙途中也将玉米农业带走，时间大约在4500到3000年前。使用者地理分布的割裂对应语言联合体的破裂。这个理论漏洞百出，犹他-阿兹特克语系研究者们没有广泛接受它。通过计算机系统发育学，Wheeler & Whiteley (2014)的研究也支持原始犹他－阿兹特克语的南方原乡，在历史上克拉族和部分纳瓦族占据的区域内或周边。纳瓦特尔语形成了Wheeler & Whiteley (2014)的犹他-阿兹特克语系系统发生树的基干部分。Merrill (2012)的农业相关词汇研究发现农业词汇只能构拟进南犹他－阿兹特克语族。这说明原始犹他－阿兹特克语社区尚未发展出农业，从北部进入中美洲后才发展出来。 2014年David L. Shaul的更近的假说提供了支持原始犹他－阿兹特克语和加利福尼亚中部语言，如艾索伦语和约库赞语支间接触的证据。这使得Shaul认为原始犹他－阿兹特克语曾分布在加利福尼亚中央谷地，是古加利福尼亚语言联盟的一部分。 原始犹他－阿兹特克语的元音不同寻常：*i *a *u *o *ɨ。Langacker (1970)证明第5个元音应该被拟作*ɨ，而不是*e，针对它的构拟存在长期争议。 *n和*ŋ可能实际上分别是*l和*n。 下面是部分Stubbs (2011)的原始犹他－阿兹特克词汇。 缩写 NUA=北犹他－阿兹特克语族 SUA=南犹他－阿兹特克语族 维基词典有份词表：原始犹他－阿兹特克语构拟词表 Fowler 1983. Campbell 1997. Hill 2001，[1]. Hill 2010，[2]. Kemp et al. 2010，[3]. Merrill et al. 2010，[4]. Brown 2010，[5]. Campbell 2003. Campbell & Poser 2008. Wheeler, W. C.; Whiteley, P. M. Historical linguistics as a sequence optimization problem: the evolution and biogeography of Uto‐Aztecan languages (PDF). Cladistics. 2014, 31 (2) [2021-08-20]. doi:10.1111/cla.12078. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-08-25）.  Merrill 2012. Shaul 2014. Langacker 1970，[6]. Dakin 1996，[7]. Stubbs, Brian D. 2011. Uto-Aztecan: A comparative vocabulary. Flower Mound, Texas: Shumway Family History Services. Brown, Cecil H. Lack of linguistic support for Proto-Uto-Aztecan at 8900 BP (letter). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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