龙胆属

龙胆属（学名：Gentiana）是龙胆科下的一个大属，大约包括有400余种，广泛分布在全世界温带地区的高山地带，绝大部分为一年生或多年生的草本植物，部分为常绿品种。 龙胆属植物为单叶对生，花为喇叭状，花瓣5裂，在北半球的龙胆属，花通常为蓝色，但在南美洲的品种花为红色，在新西兰有白色花的品种，此外尚有黄色、乳白色等，颜色多样。 一般龙胆属植物不容易栽培，不易离开其生长的自然环境，但也有一些品种可以进行栽培，需要充足的阳光，排水良好的土壤。 龙胆属植物的根含有龙胆苦甙，可以用作苦味健胃剂，许多品种的根可以作为中药入药，功能泻肝火、退虚热。 龙胆花是一種藏药，藏药名“榜间”、“邦见”，可以单味或複方入药。《晶珠本草》說榜间可治毒病及各類热症，如气管炎、咳嗽和天花。此外還有抗肝纤维化、抗子宮頸癌的作用。 本属包括以下物种： Gentiana acaulis L.('Stemless Gentian') Gentiana acaulis x clusii Gentiana affinis ('Pleated Gentian') Gentiana alba Muhl. ex A.Gray, 1848('Plain Gentian') Gentiana albescens Favre 银萼龙胆 Gentiana albicalyx Burkill 高山龙胆 Gentiana algida Pall. ('Whitish Gentian') Gentiana alii (Omer & Qaiser) T.N.Ho Gentiana alpina ('Alpine Gentian') Gentiana altaica ('Altai Gentian') Gentiana amarella ('Autumn Dwarf Gentian') Gentiana amoena Gentiana andrewsii ('Closed bottle Gentian') Gentiana angustifolia 阿里山龍膽 Gentiana arisanensis Gentiana asclepiadea ('Willow Gentian') Gentiana austromontana ('Appalachian Gentian') Gentiana autumnalis ('Pinebarren Gentian') 竹林龍膽 Gentiana bambuseti Gentiana bavarica ('Bavarian Gentian') Gentiana bellidifolia Gentiana betongensis J.Wai,2024 Gentiana bolavenensis Nagah., Tagane & Soulad. Gentiana boryi Boiss., 1938 Gentiana brachyphylla Vill., 1779 Gentiana bulleyana (Forrest) C.Marquand, 1931，为Crawfurdia campanulacea Wall. & Griff. ex C.B.Clarke的异名 Gentiana burseri Lapeyr., 1813 Gentiana cachemirica Decne., 1844 Gentiana calycosa ('Rainier Pleated Gentian') Gentiana catesbaei ('Elliott's Gentian') 头花龙胆 Gentiana cephalantha Gentiana cerina Gentiana ciliolata S. Yang, H. C & F. Du, 2020 Gentiana clausa ('Bottled Gentian') Gentiana clusii ('Trumpet Gentian') 粗茎秦艽 Gentiana crassicaulis Gentiana crinita ('Fringed Gentian') Gentiana cruciata ('Cross Gentian') 五岭龙胆 Gentiana davidii 臺灣龍膽 Gentiana davidii var. formosana 达乌里秦艽 Gentiana dahurica Fisch., 1812 Gentiana decora ('Showy Gentian') 斜升秦艽 Gentiana decumbens L.fil., 1781 Gentiana dendrologii 平龙胆 Gentiana depressa Gentiana dinarica Gentiana douglasiana ('Swamp Gentian') 壶冠龙胆 Gentiana elwesii 线叶龙胆 Gentiana farreri Gentiana fetisowii Gentiana flavida ('Pale Gentian') Gentiana flavomaculata 黃斑龍膽 Gentiana flavomaculata var. flavomaculata 鴛鴦湖龍膽 Gentiana flavomaculata var. yuanyanghuensis Gentiana freyniana Gentiana frigida Gentiana froelichii Gentiana fremontii ('Moss Gentian') Gentiana gelida 劲直黄条纹龙胆 Gentiana gilvo-striata Gentiana glauca ('Pale Gentian') Gentiana gracilipes Gentiana grombczewskii Gentiana heterosepala ('Autumn Gentian') Gentiana hexaphylla 高山龍膽 Gentiana horaimontana 伊澤山龍膽 Gentiana itzershanensis 高雄龍膽 Gentiana kaohsiungensis Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang, 1999 Gentiana kesselringii Regel, 1880 Gentiana kurroo Royle, 1835 Gentiana laotica Soulad., Tagane & Yahara Gentiana lawrencii 全萼秦艽 Gentiana lhassica Gentiana linearis ('Narrowleaf Gentian') Gentiana loderi 黄龙胆 Gentiana lutea ，( 'Great Yellow Gentian') 全萼秦艽 Gentiana macrophylla ('Bigleaf Gentian') Gentiana makinoi H.Lév. & Vaniot，为Gentiana nipponica Maxim.的异名 小齿龙胆 Gentiana microdonta Franch. ex Hemsl., 1890 Gentiana mopanshanensis Huan C. Wang & Tao Chen bis, 2024 Gentiana newberryi ('Newberry's Gentian') Gentiana nipponica Gentiana nivalis ('Snow Gentian') 云雾龙胆 Gentiana nubigena Gentiana nutans ('Tundra Gentian') Gentiana ochroleuca Gentiana olivieri Gentiana ornata Gentiana pannonica ('Brown Gentian') Gentiana paradoxa Gentiana parryi ('Parry's Gentian') Gentiana patula Gentiana pennelliana ('Wiregrass Gentian') 叶萼龙胆 Gentiana phyllocalyx Gentiana platypetala ('Broadpetal Gentian') Gentiana plurisetosa ('Bristly Gentian') Gentiana pneumonanthe ('Marsh Gentian') 观尝龙胆 Gentiana prolata 垂花龙胆 Gentiana prostrata ('Pygmy Gentian') Gentiana przewalskii 翼萼龙胆 Gentiana pterocalyx Gentiana puberulenta ('Downy Gentian') Gentiana pumila Gentiana punctata ('Spotted Gentian') Gentiana purpurea ('Purple Gentian') Gentiana pyrenaica Gentiana quadrifolia 滇龙胆草 Gentiana rigescens Gentiana rostanii Gentiana rubricaulis ('Closed Gentian') Gentiana saponaria ('Harvestbells Gentian') Gentiana saxosa 龙胆 Gentiana scabra 玉山龙胆 Gentiana scabrida 黑斑龍膽 Gentiana scabrida var. punctulata 玉山龍膽 Gentiana scabrida var. scabrida Gentiana scarlatina Gentiana sceptrum ('King's scepter Gentian') Gentiana septemfida ('Crested Gentian') Gentiana setigera ('Mendocino Gentian') Gentiana setulifolia 锡金龙胆 Gentiana sikkimensis Gentiana sikokiana 华丽龙胆 Gentiana sino-ornata 管花秦艽 Gentiana siphonantha Gentiana speciosa 鳞叶龙胆 Gentiana squarrosa Gentiana stictantha 匙萼龙胆 Gentiana stragulata 麻花艽 Gentiana straminea Maxim. Gentiana susanneae 太魯閣龍膽 Gentiana tarokoensis 塔塔加龍膽 Gentiana tatakensis 厚葉龍膽 Gentiana tentyoensis Gentiana tenuifolia 臺東龍膽 Gentiana tenuissima Gentiana terglouensis ('Triglav Gentian') 三叶龙胆 Gentiana ternifolia Franch. Gentiana tianshanica ('Tienshan Gentian') 三歧龙胆 Gentiana trichotoma 三花龙胆 Gentiana triflora Gentiana trinervis 筒花龙胆 Gentiana tubiflora Gentiana utriculosa ('Bladder Gentian') 蓝玉簪龙胆 Gentiana veitchiorum 喜马拉雅龙胆 Gentiana venusta 春花龍膽 Gentiana verna ('Spring Gentian') Gentiana villosa ('Striped Gentian') 长梗秦艽 Gentiana waltonii Gentiana wutaiensis 台湾轮叶龙胆 Gentiana yakushimensis 笔龙胆 Gentiana zollingeri 归入本属的物种： Aloitis anceps Raf. Aloitis divaricata Greene Aloitis foliosa Greene Aloitis mesochora Greene Aloitis smithii Omer Coilantha sessaei D.Don ex G.Don Dasistepha cespitosa Raf., 1837 Dasystephana frigida Cockerell, 1906 Dasystephana vodopjanovae Zuev 曹海峰、赵志礼、嘎务，2014，藏药“龙胆花”研究进展，《中藥材》，06期 Gentiana L.. GBIF. [2023-06-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-30）.  Jarearnsak Sae Wai. 2024. Gentiana betongensis (Gentianaceae), A New Species from tropical montane sphagnum bog in Peninsular Thailand. Phytotaxa. 633(1); 60-67. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.1.7 Ai Nagahama, Shuichiro Tagane, Phetlasy Souladeth, Anousone Sengthong and Tetsukazu Yahara. 2019. Gentiana bolavenensis (Gentianaceae), A New Species from Dong Hua Sao National Protected Area in southern Laos. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 47(2), 133-136. DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2019.47.2.02 Shaoyong Yang, Haifeng Cao, Fan Du, Juan Wang, Qiaorong Zhang and Wen-Tsai Wang. 2020. A New Species of Gentiana, Gentiana ciliolata and It’s Two Subspecies of subsp. ciliolata and subsp. longiloba of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 11; 1137-1143. DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2020.117080 Phetlasy Souladeth, Shuichiro Tagane, Akiyo Naiki, Hidetoshi Nagamasu and Tetsukazu Yahara. 2018. Gentiana laotica, A New Species of Gentianaceae from Laos. Thai Forest Bulletin. 46(1); 72-75. DOI 10.20531/tfb.2018.46.1.11 Tao Chen, Ting-Ting Wang, Shao-Yun Liu and Huan-Chong Wang. 2024. Gentiana mopanshanensis (Gentianaceae), A New Species from Yunnan, southwest China. PhytoKeys. 239: 215-228. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.239.119800 Adrien Favre, James S. Pringle and Peng-Cheng Fu. 2022. Phylogenetics Support the Description of A New Sichuanese Species, Susanne’s Gentian, Gentiana susanneae (Gentianaceae). Systematic Botany. 47(2); 506-513. DOI: 10.1600/036364422X16512564801579 Lena Struwe (Editor), Victor A. Albert (Editor), Gentianaceae , Cambridge University Press, 2002; ISBN 0-521-80999-1 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：龙胆属 龙胆属研究网站 龙胆属的药用价值（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）