冬大蚊科

冬大蚊科（学名：Trichoceridae），又名毫蚊科，为双翅目長角亞目大蚊下目冬大蚊總科（學名：Trichoceroidea）唯一一个現存的科，模式屬為冬大蚊屬（英语：Trichocera）。該科成員主要分布於全北界，另在澳大拉西亞與南美洲等地也有物種分布，外貌與其姊妹群大蚊總科（英语：Tipuloidea）相近，兩者的主要差異在於冬大蚊科具有單眼（Ocelli（英语：Ocelli）），大蚊總科則否。 冬大蚊科得名自其英文名稱「winter crane flies」，因為許多物種的成蟲常會在春、秋二季，乃至嚴冬時節活動，或是集結飛行，少數冬大蚊屬物種甚至已知可活躍於0°C以下的環境。 Diazosoma 冬大蚊亞科 Trichocerinae 冬大蚊族 Trichocerini Cladoneura 冬大蚊屬（英语：Trichocera） Trichocera †Eotrichocera †Karatina †Mailotrichocera †Paleotrichocera †Rasnitsynina 族 Nothotrichocerini Nothotrichocera †Tanyochoreta †Undaya †Zherikhinina 分枝冬大蚊亞科 Paracladurinae Asdura 分枝冬大蚊屬（英语：Paracladura） Paracladura Zedura †亞科 Kovalevinae †Kovaleva †亞科 Ewauristinae †Ewaurista 以下節錄Ci與Kang於2021年基於粒線體DNA，利用最大概似估計法所得出冬大蚊科與其近親的譜系關係： Krzemińska, E.; Lukashevich, E. The oldest Trichoceridae (Diptera) from the Lower Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan: implications of the biomechanical properties of their wings. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh. 2018, 107 (2-3): 173–176. ISSN 1755-6929. doi:10.1017/S1755691017000317.  Krzemińska, E.; Krzemiński, W.; Dahl, C. Monograph of Fossil Trichoceridae (Diptera): Over 180 Million Years of Evolution. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals. Polish Academy of Sciences. 2009 [2021-10-08]. ISBN 978-83-61358-20-6. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.  Kang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Ding, S.; Tang, C.; Wang, Y.; de Jong, H.; Cameron, S. L.; Wang, M.; Yang, D. Transcriptomes of three species of Tipuloidea (Diptera, Tipulomorpha) and implications for phylogeny of Tipulomorpha. PLOS ONE. 2017, 12 (3): e0173207 [2022-04-05]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5338816 . PMID 28264066. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173207. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.  Salmela, J.; Petrašiūnas, A. Checklist of the infraorder Tipulomorpha (Trichoceridae, Tipuloidea) (Diptera) of Finland. ZooKeys. 2014, 441: 21–36 [2021-10-08]. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4200445 . PMID 25337005. doi:10.3897/zookeys.441.7533. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.  Krzemińska, E. Subfamily Paracladurinae. III. Phylogenetic biogeography: Two new genera and three species described (Diptera, Trichoceridae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 2005, 32 (4): 317–352 [2021-10-08]. ISSN 0301-4223. doi:10.1080/03014223.2005.9518422. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.  Petersen, M. J.; Bertone, M. A.; Wiegmann, B. M.; Courtney, G. W. Phylogenetic synthesis of morphological and molecular data reveals new insights into the higher‐level classification of Tipuloidea (Diptera). Systematic Entomology. 2010, 35 (3): 526–545 [2021-10-08]. ISSN 0307-6970. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00524.x. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.  Dahl, C. The Influence of Light, Humidity and Temperature on Trichoceridae (Diptera). Oikos. 1969, 20 (2): 409–430. ISSN 0030-1299. doi:10.2307/3543206.  Hågvar, S.; Krzemińska, E. Contribution to the winter phenology of Trichoceridae (Diptera) in snow-covered southern Norway. Studia Dipterologica. 2007, 14 (2): 271–283 [2021-10-08]. ISSN 0945-3954. （原始内容存档于2021-10-08）.  Dahl, C. Distribution, phenology and adaptation to arctic environment in Trichoceridae (Diptera). Oikos. 1970, 21 (2): 185–202. ISSN 0030-1299. doi:10.2307/3543674.  Pertierra, L. R.; Escribano-Álvarez, P.; Olalla-Tárraga, M. Á. Cold tolerance is similar but heat tolerance is higher in the alien insect Trichocera maculipennis than in the native Parochlus steinenii in Antarctica. Polar Biology. 2021, 44 (6): 1203–1208. ISSN 1432-2056. doi:10.1007/s00300-021-02865-w.  Ci, T.; Kang, Z. New data on the mitochondrial genome of the winter crane fly (Diptera: Trichoceridae) with phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Resources. 2021, 6 (2): 674–677. ISSN 2380-2359. doi:10.1080/23802359.2021.1881839.