六放海绵纲

六放海绵纲（Hexactinellida）为多孔动物门的一个纲。该纲动物具有硅质骨针，有些骨针能聚合成网状的骨架。骨骼中无海绵质。本纲又称为玻璃海绵。六放海绵纲动物大多数生活在200～8500米的海底。常被用做觀賞用途，主要生存於深海當中，這種海綿也與海裡的甲殼類生物共生，通常會有兩隻，一公一母的蝦類以此為家。在日本，骨骼經過人類製作之後，成為一種愛情的紀念品。英語俗名Venus' Flower Basket。而受到一定程度的歡迎。 形體大，骨骼全由矽質骨針組成，無海綿絲。典型的大骨針多為六射三軸針，互成直角，故又稱六射海綿綱。此外還有四射雙軸針等。骨針往往連線形成立體格架。小骨針呈六射星狀或雙盤狀。簡單複溝型，鞭毛室大；某些古生代種類還有單溝型。元古代晚期至現代。 在眾多能拿來跟玻璃相比的透明物種當中，最接近玻璃的應當屬維納斯花籃。它們長得像一個精緻的花瓶，因此而得名。它們也被稱作玻璃海綿，它們骨骼的主要成分是矽，這也是玻璃的主要成分。 主要特徵還有海綿特有的矽質骨針，並集結成纖巧的幾何網路，如偕老同穴（Venus's flower basket）一般，玻璃海綿中央腔內常寄居一對共生儷蝦，蝦在幼蟲的時候住進去，長大之後就逃不出去了。然後兩隻蝦被囚困其中，靠流進中央腔的水流而獲食物。這樣的海綿動物在日本成為了頗受歡迎的結婚禮物。 玻璃海綿以從水中過濾而來的最小浮游生物為食，最大可以生長到兩米以上，它們花瓶般的身體構造為魚類、無脊椎動物以及其它海洋生物提供了完美的躲藏、產卵和生存的環境。玻璃海綿像珊瑚一樣開闢著自己的棲息地，在一定程度上，它們就像海床上的城市，無論它們生長在何處，總是會吸引來其它的海洋生物。 六放海绵纲分为两个亞綱： 双盘海绵亞綱 Amphidiscophora 六放海绵亞綱 Hexasterophora 本纲包含以下目： 双盘海绵目 Amphidiscosida 灯笼海绵目 Lychniscosida 松骨海绵目 Lyssacinosida 权杖海绵目 Sceptrulophora 目地位未定的科： Aglithodictyidae Asthenospongiidae Celyphiidae Cliefdenellidae Colospongiidae Cystispongiidae Cystothalamiidae Dictyospongiidae Dierespongiidae Docodermatidae Hemidiscellidae Hintzespongiidae Hyalostellidae Hydnodictyidae Leptophragmatidae Multivasculatidae Pachyteichismatidae Pattersoniidae Pileolitidae Pileospongiidae Pillaraspongiidae Plieolitidae Porispongiidae Protospongiidae Sebargasiidae Staurodermatidae Stereodictyidae Stromatidiidae Teganiidae Thaumastocoeliidae Titusvillidae Titusvilliidae Triactinellidae Uphantenidae Wareembaiidae 目和科地位未定的属： Acanthactinella Hinde, 1887 Aglithodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 Antrispongia Quenstedt, 1878 Arystidictyon Asociatella Hurcewicz, 1985 Astroconia Sollas, 1881 Aulacosia Rauff, 1933 Aulodomus Schrammen, 1936 Australispongia Xiping & Knoll, 1996 Azyrtalia Nazarov, 1973 Baccispongia Quenstedt, 1877 Belonisia Rauff, 1933 Bothroconis King, 1850 Botryodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 Caesaria Quenstedt, 1858 Calpidospongia Wu, 1989 Carbonella Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986 Carinthiaspongus Krainer & Mostler, 1992 Caseispongia Quenstedt, 1878 Chelispongia Webby & Trotter, 1993 Chirospongia Miller, 1889 Cincliderma Hinde, 1883 Clepsydrospongia Hall & Clarke, 1898 Corticospongia Caster, 1939 Crepospongia Wu, 1989 Crucispongia Quenstedt, 1877 Cryptodictya Hall, 1890 Cyathophycella Rigby & Stuart, 1988 Cyrtobolia Pocta, 1883 Czarnockiella Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986 Decumbispongia Botting, Muir, Li & Lin, 2013 Dialyscyphia Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986 Diaretula Schmidt, 1879 Dilatispongia Botting, 2004 Diphyllospira Herrmann-Degen, 1980 Diplopleura Regnard, 1925 Dvorcia Nekvasilová & Štemproková, 1960 Emploca Sollas, 1883 Eubrochus Sollas, 1876 Euplectinella Termier, Termier & Thibieroz, 1990 Eutactostomium Herrmann-Degen, 1980 Farreopsis Schrammen, 1924 Flosculus Xiping & Knoll, 1996 Gonamispongia Korshunov, 1968 Gongylospongia Hall & Clarke, 1898 Griphodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 Haljalaspongia Botting & Rhebergen, 2011 Hallodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 Helicodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 Hemidiagoniella Botting, 2004 Hemidiscella Hexactractiella Hexatractiella Mehl, 1996 Hillendia Reid, 1964 Hintzesnonaia Hodsia Moisseev, 1939 Holasterella Holasterella Carter, 1879 Hunteria Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 Hyalocaulus Marshall & Meyer, 1877 Hydnocerina Clarke, 1920 Idiodictyon de Laubenfels, 1955 Iowaspongia Thomas, 1923 Irpaspongia Mehl & Mostler, 1994 Ithacadictya Caster, 1939 Kaiyangites Qian & Yin, 1984 Koleostoma Regnard, 1925 Kometia Webby & Trotter, 1993 Konyrium Nazarov & Popov, 1976 Krainerella Krainer & Mostler, 1992 Laocaetis Larispongia Carrera, 1998 Lecanocoelospongia Wu, 1989 Lithospongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Lobospongia Hurcewicz, 1985 Lonsda de Laubenfels, 1955 Lopanella Pocta, 1883 Lysactinella Mastodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 Mastodictyum Sollas, 1883 Megastylia Mimeticosia Multiloqua de Laubenfels, 1955 Multivasculatus Howell & Van Houten, 1940 Mysterium de Laubenfels, 1955 Nephelispongia Nitidus de Laubenfels, 1955 Octobrum de Laubenfels, 1955 Oospongia Wu, 1989 Oxyrhizium Schrammen, 1912 Ozospongia Pachaulidium Schmidt, 1880 Pachylepisma Schrammen, 1902 Palaeophragmodictya Gehling & Rigby, 1996 Palaeorossella Li et al., 2019 Palaeostauronema Paleophragmodictya Gehling & Rigby, 1996 Paleostauronema Hurcewicz, 1985 Paracraticularia Schrammen, 1936 Parahexactinella Reid, 1963 Petalope Pocta, 1883 Phormosella Hinde, 1888 Pinnatispongia Xiping & Knoll, 1996 Placochlaenia Pomel, 1872 Placospongia Wu, 1989 Plecteurete Herrmann-Degen, 1980 Plecteurette Plectoderma Hinde, 1883 Plectospyris Sollas, 1883 Pleodioria Öpik, 1961 Polonoscyphia Hurcewicz, 1985 Polyosepia Polyplectella Ruedemann, 1925 Polyptycha Defretin-Lefranc, 1961 Polyschema Oppliger, 1915 Polystigmatium Schrammen, 1912 Polysyge Poriferella Hurcewicz, 1985 Porospongia d'Orbigny, 1849 Prenehydnoceras Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986 Proeurete Schrammen, 1902 Protoarmstrongia Caster, 1941 Protremadictyon Hurcewicz, 1985 Psephosyllogus Schrammen, 1936 Pseudotragos Nutsubidze, 1965 Pyrenospongia Wu, 1989 Ramulospongia Hurcewicz, 1985 Repospongia Hurcewicz & Czarniecki, 1986 Retifungus Rietschel, 1970 Rhabdosispongia Hall & Clarke, 1898 Rhabdostauridium Schmidt, 1880 Rhakistella Weller, 1931 Rhogostomium Schrammen, 1936 Rhombedonium Schrammen, 1936 Rhombodictyon Whitfield, 1886 Rhopalicna Rigbykia Özdikmen, 2009 Roemerispongia Hall & Clarke, 1898 Rosella Vassiljeva, 1988 Rugosoderma Howell, 1957 Scotospongia Krainer & Mostler, 1992 Sestrocladiella Howell, 1957 Silicunculus Bengtson, 1986 Solusrectus Botting, 2004 Spiractinella Hinde, 1887 Sulugurella Pelman, Ermak, Fedorov, Luchinina, Zhuravleva, Repina, Bondarev & Borodaevskaya, 1990 Sycodictya Ruedemann, 1925 Synaulia Pocta, 1883 Teganiella Rigby, 1985 Teganium Rauff, 1894 Testiispongia Rigby, 1983 Textispongia Quenstedt, 1877 Thamnodictya Hall, 1884 Uphantena Uralonema Ursaspongia Rigby, 1985 Ventriculita Walcottella de Laubenfels, 1955 Xenoschrammenus Xylospongia Hérenger, 1942 Zittelospongia Malfatti, 1901 Hexactinellida. GBIF. [2022-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-29）.