艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉

艾兹赫尔·韦伯·戴克斯特拉（荷蘭語：Edsger Wybe Dijkstra，荷兰语：[ˈɛtsxər ˈʋibə ˈdɛikstra] （），1930年5月11日—2002年8月6日），又譯艾兹赫尔·韦伯·迪杰斯特拉，生於荷蘭鹿特丹，计算机科学家，是荷蘭第一位以程序设计為專業的科學家。他曾在1972年获得图灵奖，之后还获得1974年AFIPS Harry Goode Memorial Award、1989年ACM SIGCSE计算机科学教育教学杰出贡献奖。 2002年，在他去世前不久，获得了ACM PODC（分布式计算原理）最具影响力论文奖，以表彰他在分布式领域中关于程序计算自稳定的贡献。为了纪念他，这个每年一度奖项也在此之后更名为“Dijkstra奖”。 他曾经提出“GOTO有害论”，信号量和PV原语（passeren vrijgeven），解决了“哲学家就餐问题”。 艾兹赫尔·韦伯·戴克斯特拉出生于鹿特丹，大學就讀於萊頓大學，研究理論物理學。但他很快就發現自己的興趣是計算機科學。1980年代，擔任埃因霍溫理工大學教授。 2002年8月6日，戴克斯特拉在荷兰尼嫩自己的家中与世长辞。终年72岁。 他的贡献包括： 提出了目前在离散数学中应用广泛的最短路径算法（Dijkstra's Shortest Path First Algorithm） 为解决操作系统中资源分配问题，提出银行家算法。 Hoare, C.A.R. The 2010 Edsger W. Dijkstra Memorial Lecture: What Can We Learn from Edsger W. Dijkstra?. Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin. 12 October 2010 [12 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-21）.  引用错误：没有为名为Wirth2005的参考文献提供内容 引用错误：没有为名为Wirth2008的参考文献提供内容 In his 2004 memoir, "A Programmer's Story: The Life of a Computer Pioneer", Brinch Hansen wrote that he used "Cooperating Sequential Processes" to guide his work implementing multiprogramming on the RC 4000, and described it saying, "One of the great works in computer programming, this masterpiece laid the conceptual foundation for concurrent programming." Lamport, Leslie. 2002 PODC Influential Paper Award. ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. 2002 [2020-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-06）. Edsger W. Dijkstra started the field of concurrent and distributed algorithms with his 1965 CACM paper "Solution of a Problem in Concurrent Programming Control", in which he first stated and solved the mutual exclusion problem. That paper is probably why PODC exists; it certainly inspired most of my work.  引用错误：没有为名为Lamport (2015)的参考文献提供内容 Dolev, Shlomi: Self-stabilization. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000) ISBN 978-0-262-04178-2 Lo Russo, Graziano (1997). An Interview with A. Stepanov (Edizioni Infomedia srl.). STLport.org. [21 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-04）. Alexander Stepanov: "...I also discovered books of two great computer scientists from whose work I learned the scientific foundation of my trade: Donald Knuth and Edsger Dijkstra. Knuth taught me the answers. Dijkstra taught me the questions. Time and time again I come back to their works for new insights."  Hoare, Tony. Obituary: Edsger Wybe Dijkstra. Physics Today. March 2003, 56 (3): 96–98 [2017-07-19]. doi:10.1063/1.1570789. （原始内容存档于2016-08-31）.  Edsger Wybe Dijkstra. Stichting Digidome. 3 September 2003. （原始内容存档于6 December 2004）.  O'Connor, J J; Robertson, E F. Dijkstra biography. The MacTutor History of Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. July 2008 [18 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于11 October 2013）.  Apt, Krzysztof R. Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (1930–2002): A Portrait of a Genius. Formal Aspects of Computing. 2002, 14 (2): 92–98 [2018-04-03]. arXiv:cs/0210001 . doi:10.1007/s001650200029. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  Per Brinch Hansen. The Origin of Concurrent Programming: From Semaphores to Remote Procedure Calls. Springer. 2002 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-387-95401-1. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  M. Ben-Ari（英语：Mordechai Ben-Ari）. Principles of Concurrent and Distributed Programming 2nd. Addison-Wesley. 2006 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-321-31283-9. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  Broy, M.; Denert, Ernst (编). Software Pioneers: Contributions to Software Engineering. Springer. 2002: 3 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-3-540-43081-0. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  Daylight, Edgar G. The Dawn of Software Engineering: from Turing to Dijkstra. Lonely Scholar. 2012. ISBN 9789491386022.  Daylight, Edgar G. Dijkstra's Rallying Cry for Generalization: The Advent of the Recursive Procedure, Late 1950s–Early 1960s. The Computer Journal. 2011, 54 (11): 1756–72. doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxr002.  Shlomi Dolev（英语：Shlomi Dolev）. Self-stabilization. MIT Press. 2000 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-262-04178-2. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  Feijen, W.H.J.; Gries, David (编). Beauty Is Our Business: A Birthday Salute to Edsger W. Dijkstra. Springer. 1990 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-387-97299-2. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  Laplante, Phillip A. Great papers in computer science. IEEE Press. 1996 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-7803-1112-1. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  Lee, J.A.N. Frontiers of Computing: A Tribute to Edsger W. Dijkstra on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday (PDF). Ann. Hist. Comp. 1991, 13 (1): 91–96 [2018-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  O’Regan, Gerard. Giants of Computing: A Compendium of Select, Pivotal Pioneers. Springer. 2013 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-1-4471-5340-5. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  Payette, Sandy. Hopper and Dijkstra: Crisis, Revolution, and the Future of Programming. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 2014, 36 (4): 64–73 [2018-04-03]. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2014.54. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  Shasha, Dennis; Lazere, Cathy. Out of their Minds: The Lives and Discoveries of 15 Great Computer Scientists. Springer. 1998 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-387-98269-4. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.  维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉 维基语录上的艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉语录 E.W. Dijkstra Archive. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. [2018-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2005-04-20）.  Dijkstra's Rallying Cry for Generalization. A site devoted to Dijkstra’s works and thoughts, created and maintained by the historian of computing Edgar Graham Daylight. [2018-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.