犬属

犬屬（学名：Canis）是食肉目犬科下的一个屬，共有5个现生种，包括被認為是家犬（Canis lupus familiaris）祖先的灰狼（Canis lupus）。与犬屬較近的屬是非洲野犬屬，而較遠的則有偽狐屬和其他的南美胡狼。犬屬中還有許多已經滅絕的物種，這是一個很古老的屬，可追溯至中新世晚期。 犬属现生成员包括5个物种，即埃塞俄比亚狼（Canis simensis）、亞洲胡狼（Canis aureus）、金狼（Canis lupaster）、郊狼（Canis latrans）和灰狼（Canis lupus）。犬属曾经还包括侧纹胡狼（Canis adustus）和黑背胡狼（Canis mesomelas），但现在已经根据遺傳學上的證據将它们归入胡狼属（Lupulella）。而发现的各种大型犬族化石则一般全部都归入犬屬。 犬属是第四纪的标志属，在食肉类化石中数量往往非常多。犬属也是生物地层学重要的标志物种，欧洲有多个迁徙事件就是以一些大型犬族的出现作为标志。 犬属化石主要有： Canis accitanus Garrido & Arribas, 2008 Canis acutus 非洲異豺 Canis africanus Pohle, 1928 Canis alopex Linnaeus, 1758 Canis anceps Canis antarcticus Shaw, 1800 Canis antarticus Kerr, 1792 Canis anthus F.Cuvier, 1820 Canis antiquus Canis antonii Zdansky, 1924 安氏犬 Canis antonii Canis apolloniensis Koufos & Kostopoulos, 1997 安布魯斯特狼 Canis armbrusteri Gidley, 1913 阿諾河犬 Canis arnensis Del Campana, 1913 Canis atrox Canis avicularius Zimmermann, 1780 Canis avus Canis borjgali Bartolini Lucenti, Bukhsianidze, Martínez-Navarro & Lordkianidze, 2020 Canis brachypus 短头犬 Canis brevicephalus Qiu et al., 2004 Canis brevirostris Canis cautleyi Canis cedazoensis Mooser & Dalquest, 1975 直隶犬 Canis chihliensis Canis cipio Canis condoni Canis dingo Meyer, 1793 恐狼 Canis dirus Leidy, 1858 Canis edwardii Gazin, 1942 Canis ensenadensis 埃楚斯堪狼 Canis etruscus Major, 1877 Canis falconeri 駭狼 Canis ferox Canis khomenkoi Canis kuruksaensis 食兔狼 Canis lepophagus 龙担犬 Canis longdanensis Canis lupaster Canis lycanoides Canis majori Canis medius Canis megamastoides Canis michauxi Canis moreni 莫斯巴赫狼 Canis mosbachensis 莫斯巴赫狼亲近种 Canis aff. mosbachensis Canis nehringi Canis neschersensis Canis palaeoplatensis Canis petenyi Canis protojubatus Canis protoplatensis Canis robustus Canis strandi Canis suessi 德氏犬 Canis teilhardi Canis temerarius Canis terblanchei Canis troglodytes Canis ursinus 变异狼 Canis variabilis Canis velaunus Canis volgensis Canis yuanmoensis Klára Pyšková, David Storch, Ivan Horáček, Ondřej Kauzál and Petr Pyšek. 2016. Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) in the Czech Republic: the First Record of A Live Animal and Its Long-term Persistence in the Colonized Habitat. ZooKeys. 641; 151-163. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.641.10946 Zoe Landry, Sora Kim, Robin B. Trayler, Marisa,Gilbert, Grant Zazula, John Southon and Danielle Fraser. 2021. Dietary Reconstruction and Evidence of Prey Shifting in Pleistocene and Recent Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) from Yukon Territory. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 571, 110368. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110368 Jiangzuo, Qigao. Geographical and chronological distribution of Chinese Pleistocene large canids: Current status and prospects. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2021-04-01, 66 (12): 1426–1440. doi:10.1360/TB-2020-0690.  Bradley P. Smith, Kylie M. Cairns, Justin W. Adams, Thomas M. Newsome, Melanie Fillios, Eloïse C. Déaux, William C. H. Parr, Mike Letnic, Lily M. V. Eeden, Robert M. Appleby, Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Peter Savolainen, Euan G. Ritchie, Dale G. Nimmo, Clare Archer-Lean, Aaron C. Greenville, Christopher R. Dickman, Lyn Watson, Katherine E. Moseby, Tim S. Doherty, Arian D. Wallach, Damian S. Morrant and Mathew S. Crowther. 2019. Taxonomic Status of the Australian Dingo: the Case for Canis dingo Meyer, 1793. Zootaxa. 4564(1); 173–197. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.6