毛特豪森-古森集中營

48°15′25″N 14°30′04″E﻿ / ﻿48.25694°N 14.50111°E﻿ / 48.25694; 14.50111 毛特豪森-古森集中營（德语：Das Konzentrationslager Mauthausen）是一个位于上奥地利毛特豪森村与古森河畔圣格奥尔根村的大型纳粹集中营群落，位于林茨市以东20公里处。 最初，该集中营只在毛特豪森单独存在，后来在1940年夏逐步扩展，使毛特豪森-古森集中營成为纳粹德国在欧洲最大的集中营之一。1945年5月，集中营被美军解放，战后美军将集中营移交苏军管理。 KZ Gusen Memorial Committee (corporate author). KZ Gusen I Concentration Camp at Langenstein. The Nizkor Project. Nizkor. 1997 [10 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于2 October 2006）.  Robert Abzug. Inside the Vicious Heart. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1987: 106–110 [2021-12-12]. ISBN 0-19-504236-0. （原始内容存档于2021-12-27）.  Günter Bischof; Anton Pelinka. Austrian Historical Memory and National Identity. Transaction Publishers. 1996: 185–190 [2021-12-12]. ISBN 1-56000-902-0. （原始内容存档于2021-12-27）.  Donald Bloxham. Genocide on Trial: War Crimes Trials and the Formation of Holocaust History and Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003: 210 [2021-12-12]. ISBN 0-19-925904-6. （原始内容存档于2021-12-27）.  Daniel Patrick Brown. The Camp Women: The Female Auxiliaries Who Assisted the SS in Running the Nazi Concentration Camp System. Schiffer Publishing. 2002: 288. ISBN 0-7643-1444-0.  Michael Burleigh. Ethics and Extermination: Reflections on Nazi Genocide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1997: 210–211 [2021-12-12]. ISBN 0-521-58816-2. （原始内容存档于2021-12-13）.  Adam Cyra. Mauthausen Concentration Camp Records in the Auschwitz Museum Archives. Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum. Historical Research Section, Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum. 2004 [11 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于30 September 2006）.  Michał Derela. The prices of Polish armament before 1939. The PIBWL military site. 2005 [22 May 2006]. （原始内容存档于1 February 2018）.  （波蘭語） Stanisław Dobosiewicz. Mauthausen/Gusen; obóz zagłady [Mauthausen/Gusen; the Camp of Doom]. Warsaw: Ministry of National Defence Press. 1977: 449. ISBN 83-11-06368-0.  （波蘭語） Stanisław Dobosiewicz. Mauthausen/Gusen; Samoobrona i konspiracja [Mauthausen/Gusen: self-defence and underground]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa MON. 1980: 486. ISBN 83-11-06497-0.  （波蘭語） Stanisław Dobosiewicz. Mauthausen–Gusen; w obronie życia i ludzkiej godności [Mauthausen–Gusen; in defence of life and human dignity]. Warsaw: Bellona. 2000: 191–202. ISBN 83-11-09048-3.  （波蘭語） various authors. Marian Filip; Mikołaj Łomacki , 编. Wrogom ku przestrodze: Mauthausen 5 maja 1945 [Enemies Beware; Mauthausen, 5 May 1945]. Warsaw: ZG ZBoWiD. 1962: 135.  （波蘭語） Piotr Filipkowski. Auschwitz w drodze do Mauthausen [Auschwitz, en route to Mauthausen]. Europe According to Auschwitz. 2005 [11 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于28 September 2007）.  （英語） Joseph Fisher. The Heavens were Walled In. Vienna: New Academic Press. 2017: 326. ISBN 978-3-7003-1956-6.  （德語） Florian Freund; Harald Greifeneder. Zeltlager [Tent Camp]. mauthausen-memorial.at. 2005 [16 May 2006]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-24）.  Freund, Florian; Kranebitter, Andreas. On the Quantitative Dimension of Mass Murder at the Mauthausen Concentration Camp and its Subcamps. Memorial Book for the Dead of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp: Commentaries and Biographies. Vienna: New Academic Press. 2016: 56–67. ISBN 978-3-7003-1975-7 （英语）.  various authors; Henry Friedlander. The Nazi Concentration Camps. Michael D. Ryan (编). Human Responses to the Holocaust Perpetrators and Victims, Bystanders and Resisters. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. 1981: 33–69. ISBN 0-88946-901-6.  Dale Fuchs. Nazi war criminal escapes Costa Brava police search. Guardian. October 2005, (17 October 2005) [25 September 2013].  （波蘭語） Władysław Gębik. Z diabłami na ty [Calling the Devils by their Names]. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Morskie. 1972: 332.  Martin Gilbert. The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War. Owl Books. 1987: 976. ISBN 0-8050-0348-7.  （波蘭語） Stanisław Grzesiuk. Pięć lat kacetu [Five Years of KZ]. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. 1985: 392. ISBN 83-05-11108-3.  Rudolf Haunschmied; Harald Faeth. B8 "BERGKRISTALL" (KL Gusen II). Tunnel and Shelter Researching. 1997 [26 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于14 June 2006）.  Rudolf A. Haunschmied; Jan-Ruth Mills; Siegi Witzany-Durda. St. Georgen-Gusen-Mauthausen – Concentration Camp Mauthausen Reconsidered. Norderstedt: Books on Demand. 2008: 289. ISBN 978-3-8334-7610-5. OCLC 300552112.  （捷克語） Stanislav Hlaváček. Historie KTM [History of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp]. Koncentrační Tábor Mauthausen; Pamětní tisk k 55. výročí osvobození KTM [Mauthausen concentration camp: Memorial publication for the 55th anniversary of the liberation]. 2000 [18 May 2006]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-16）.  （波蘭語） Jerzy Kirchmayer. Powstanie warszawskie [Warsaw Uprising]. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. 1978: 576. ISBN 83-05-11080-X.  （波蘭語） Stefan Krukowski. Pamięci lekarzy [In memoriam of the doctors]. Nad pięknym modrym Dunajem; Mauthausen 1940–1945 [Mauthausen 1940–1945: At The Blue Danube]. Tadeusz Żeromski (foreword). Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. 1966: 292–297. PB 9330/66.  （波蘭語） Various authors. Andrzej Kunert , 编. Człowiek człowiekowi… Niszczenie polskiej inteligencji w latach 1939–1945 KL Mauthausen/Gusen [Man to Man…; The destruction of Polish intelligentsia 1939–1945 in the camps of Mauthausen/Gusen]. Warsaw: Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa. 2009: 104.  KZ-Gedenkstaette Mauthausen (corporate author). Parachute Jump. Mauthausen Memorial. KZ-Gedenkstaette Mauthausen. [23 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-15）.  Bruno Maida. The gas chamber of Mauthausen – History and testimonies of the Italian deportees; A Brief history of the camp. National Association of Italian political deportees in the Nazi concentration camps. Fondazione Memoria della Deportazione. （原始内容存档于5 June 2006）.  Hans Maršálek. Konzentrazionslager Gusen [Gusen concentration camp]. Vienna. 1968: 32.  （德語） Hans Maršálek. Die Geschichte des Konzentrationslagers Mauthausen [History of Mauthausen Concentration Camp]. Wien-Linz: Österreichischen Lagergemeinschaft Mauthausen u. Mauthausen-Aktiv Oberösterreich. 1995.  （波蘭語） Adam Myczkowski. Poprzez Dachau do Mauthausen–Gusen [Through Dachau to Mauthausen–Gusen]. Kraków: Księgarnia Stefana Kamińskiego. 1946: 31.  （德語） M.S. Linz – Eisenwerke Oberdonau. Österreichs Geschichte im Dritten Reich. 2000 [11 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于11 March 2007）.  （波蘭語） Stanisław Nogaj. Gusen; Pamiętnik dziennikarza [Gusen; Memoir of a Journalist]. Katowice-Chorzów: Komitet byłych więźniów obozu koncentracyjnego Gusen. 1945: 64.  David Wingeate Pike. Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, Horror on the Danube. London: Routledge. 2000: 480 [2022-01-05]. ISBN 0-415-22780-1. （原始内容存档于2021-12-27）.  Tadeusz Piotrowski. Poland's holocaust: ethnic strife, collaboration with occupying forces and genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland. 1998.  Elizabeth C. Richardson. United States vs. Leprich. Administrative Law and Procedure. Thomson Delmar Learning. 1995: 162–164. ISBN 0-8273-7468-2.  various authors. Amy Schmidt; Gudrun Loehrer , 编. The Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex: World War II and Postwar Records (PDF). Reference Information Paper (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration). 2008, 115: 145–148 [23 September 2013]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）.  James Schmidt. "Not These Sounds": Beethoven at Mauthausen (PDF). Philosophy and Literature (Boston: Boston University). 2005, 29: 146–163 [22 April 2014]. ISSN 0190-0013. doi:10.1353/phl.2005.0013. [失效連結] Michael Shermer; Alex Grobman. The Gas Chamber at Mauthausen. Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It?. University of California Press. 2002: 168–175. ISBN 0-520-23469-3.  （波蘭語） sm. Pracownicy muzeum Auschwitz zeskanowali już kartotekę Mauthausen [The Workers of Auschwitz Museum Have Scanned the Mauthausen Files]. 61. rocznica wyzwolenia Auschwitz (Polish Press Agency). 3 April 2006 [11 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-15）.  Albert Speer. Inside The Third Reich. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1970. ISBN 0-88365-924-7.  （斯洛維尼亞語） STA, mm. Taborišče, v katerem je umrlo 1500 Slovencev [Camp, in which 1500 Slovenes died]. Mladina. May 2012, (13. 5. 2012) [16 November 2012]. ISSN 1580-5352. （原始内容存档于2021-12-12）.  Jack Taylor. OSS Archives: The Dupont Mission. The Blast; UDT-SEAL Association. 2003 [28 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于27 January 2006）.  Marc Terrance. Concentration Camps: A Traveler's Guide to World War II Sites. Universal Publishers. 1999 [2021-12-12]. ISBN 1-58112-839-8. （原始内容存档于2021-12-12）.  UDT-SEAL Association (corporate author). Jack Taylor, American Agent Who Survived Mauthausen. Jewish Virtual Library. 2006 [28 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.  Chris van Uffelen. Contemporary Museums – Architecture, History, Collections. Braun Publishing. 2010: 150–153. ISBN 9783037680674.  Geoffrey R. Walden. Gusen Concentration Camp / Project B-8 "Bergkristall" Tunnel System. The Third Reich in Ruins. 2 July 2000 [15 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-12）.  James Waller. Becoming Evil: How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2002: 3–5 [2021-12-12]. ISBN 0-19-514868-1. （原始内容存档于2021-12-13）.  Gary Weissman. Fantasies of Witnessing: Postwar Efforts to Experience the Holocaust. Cornell University Press. 2004: 2–3 [2021-12-12]. ISBN 0-8014-4253-2. （原始内容存档于2021-12-27）.  Simon Wiesenthal Center (corporate author). Selected Holocaust Glossary: Terms, Places and Personalities. Florida Holocaust Museum webpage. Florida Holocaust Museum. [12 April 2006]. （原始内容存档于8 December 2006）.  Samuel H. Williamson. Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1774 to present. MeasuringWorth. March 2011 [2021-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-19）.  （波蘭語） Zbigniew Wlazłowski. Przez kamieniołomy i kolczasty drut [Through the Quarries and Barbed Wire]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie. 1974: 184. PB 1974/7600.  （波蘭語） various authors; Włodzimierz Wnuk. Śmiertelne kąpiele [Deadly Baths]. Oskarżamy! Materiały do historii obozu koncentracyjnego Mauthausen–Gusen [We Accuse! Materials on the History of Mauthausen–Gusen Concentration Camp]. Katowice: Klub Mauthausen–Gusen ZBoWiD. 1961: 20–22.  （波蘭語） Włodzimierz Wnuk. Z Hiszpanami w jednym szeregu [With the Spaniards in One Line]. Byłem z wami [I Was With You]. Warsaw: PAX. 1972: 100–105.  （波蘭語） Tadeusz Żeromski. Kazimierz Rusinek , 编. Międzynarodówka straceńców [Desperados' Internationale]. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. 1983: 76+19. ISBN 83-05-11175-X.  （西班牙語） various authors. Historia de los campos de concentración: El sistema de campos de concentración nacionalsocialista, 1933–1945: un modelo europeo [History of the concentration camps: the national-socialist concentration camp system 1933–1945; European model]. Memoriales históricos, 1933–1945 [Historical memorials, 1933–1945]. 2005 [2021-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-19）.  （挪威語） Verdens Gang (corporate author). Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire [Norwegian guards worked in Hitler's concentration camps]. Verdens Gang. 1 November 2010, (15 November 2010) [22 April 2014]. ISSN 0805-5203. （原始内容存档于2014-03-07）.  （波兰文） Stanisław Dobosiewicz. Mauthausen-Gusen; w obronie życia i ludzkiej godności. Warsaw: Bellona. 2000: 191–202. ISBN 83-11-09048-3.  （英文） Günter Bischof; Anton Pelinka. Austrian Historical Memory and National Identity. Transaction Publishers. 1996: 185–190. ISBN 1-56000-902-0.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：毛特豪森-古森集中營 USHMM （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） United States Holocaust Memorial Museum contains more than 500 pictures of Mauthausen–Gusen Interviews with American servicemen imprisoned at Mauthausen （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Remnants of KZ Gusen I Twin Camp declared "Monument of the Month" in January 2017 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Online exhibition of the Polish History Museum on the former KZ Gusen complex Mauthausen Memorial （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）