蒿属

蒿属（学名：Artemisia）又名艾属，古亦称「菻（lǐn）」（蒿类植物的总称），是菊科中一个大属，约有200—400种，其中包括许多种常见的药草，以1、2年生草本植物为主，多有浓烈的香味，葉上多具白色絨毛。蒿属主要生长在亚洲和欧洲以及北美洲，少数分布在非洲北部和大洋洲地区，纬度跨度大，在温带、寒温带及亚热带地区均有分布。 學名 Artemisia 來源於古希臘女神阿耳忒弥斯。亦有說法指於公元前 350 年間去世的一名著名植物學家、醫學研究者阿爾特米西亞二世。 本属包括以下物种： 鹼蒿 Artemisia abrotanum 中亞苦蒿 Artemisia absinthium 東北絲裂蒿 Artemisia adamsii 黃花蒿 Artemisia annua 奇蒿 Artemisia anomala S. Moore 尾尖奇蒿 Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima Y. R. Ling 沙篙 Artemisia arenaria ，沙蒿 艾草 Artemisia argyi 銀葉蒿 Artemisia argyrophylla 褐頭蒿 Artemisia aschurbajewii 銀蒿 Artemisia austriaca 巴爾古津蒿 Artemisia bargusinensis Artemisia brevis 矮叢蒿 Artemisia caespitosa Artemisia calcicola X.Q.Guo & L.Wang 荒野蒿 Artemisia campestris 茵蔯蒿 Artemisia capillaris 青蒿 Artemisia carvifolia 蛔蒿 Artemisia cina 纖杆蒿 Artemisia demissa 中亞草原蒿 Artemisia depauperata 龍蒿 Artemisia dracunculus 牛尾蒿 Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Besser, 1834 垂叶蒿 Artemisia flaccida 綠櫛齒葉蒿 Artemisia freyniana 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida 亮綠蒿 Artemisia glabella Kar. & Kir., 1841，为Artemisia obtusiloba var. glabra Ledeb.的异名 細裂葉蓮蒿 Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm., 1775 纖細絹蒿 Artemisia gracilescens Krasch. & Iljin， 1949 鹽蒿 Artemisia halodendron Turcz. ex Besser， 1835 五月艾 Artemisia indica Willd.， 1803 尖裂叶蒿 Artemisia incisa Pamp. 柳葉蒿 Artemisia integrifolia L., 1753 牡蒿 Artemisia japonica Kitam., 1940 Artemisia kargilensis L. Ali, A. A. Khuroo & A. H. Ganie, 2023 新疆絹蒿 Artemisia kaschgarica 菴閭 Artemisia keiskeana 掌裂蒿 Artemisia kuschakewiczii 白苞蒿 Artemisia lactiflora 白山蒿 Artemisia lagocephala 寬葉蒿 Artemisia latifolia 白葉蒿 Artemisia leucophylla 濱海牡蒿 Artemisia littoricola 細杆沙蒿 Artemisia macilenta 亞洲大花蒿 Artemisia macrantha 大花蒿 Artemisia macrocephala 中亞旱蒿 Artemisia marschalliana 尖櫛齒葉蒿 Artemisia medioxima 墊型蒿 Artemisia minor 蒙古蒿 Artemisia mongolica 矮濱蒿 Artemisia nakaii 西南圆头蒿 Artemisia neosinensis B. H. Jiao & T. G. Gao 玉山艾 Artemisia niitakayamensis 南亞蒿 Artemisia nilagirica 藏旱蒿 Artemisia nortonii 鈍裂蒿 Artemisia obtusiloba 川西腺毛蒿 Artemisia occidentalisichuanensis 黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica 滇東蒿 Artemisia orientaliyunnanensis 光沙蒿 Artemisia oxycephala 黑蒿 Artemisia palustris 伊朗蒿 Artemisia persica 纖梗蒿 Artemisia pewzowii 褐苞蒿 Artemisia phaeolepis 西北蒿 Artemisia pontica 魁蒿 Artemisia princeps 灰苞蒿 Artemisia roxburghiana 紅足蒿 Artemisia rubripes 岩蒿 Artemisia rupestris 香葉蒿 Artemisia rutifolia 白蓮蒿 Artemisia sacrorum 崑崙沙蒿 Artemisia saposhnikovii 豬毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia 絹毛蒿 Artemisia sericea 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana 準噶爾沙蒿 Artemisia songarica 寬葉山蒿 Artemisia stolonifera 俄羅斯肉質葉蒿 Artemisia succulenta 陰地蒿 Artemisia sylvatica 裂葉蒿 Artemisia tanacetifolia 太白山蒿 Artemisia taibaishanensis 裂葉蒿 Artemisia tanacetifolia 濕地蒿 Artemisia tournefortiana 三齒蒿 Artemisia tridentata 北艾 Artemisia vulgaris 藏龍蒿 Artemisia waltonii 烏丹蒿 Artemisia wudanica 內蒙古旱蒿 Artemisia xerophytica 亞東蒿 Artemisia yadongensis 藏白蒿 Artemisia younghusbandii 察隅蒿 Artemisia zayuensis 蒔蘿蒿 Artemisia zhaodongensis 中甸艾 Artemisia zhongdianensis 原本歸類於蒿屬的物種： 石胡荽 Centipeda minima 狗茴香 Eupatorium capillifolium 線葉菊 Filifolium sibiricum 田基黃 Grangea maderaspatana 同花母菊 Matricaria discoidea Shorter Oxford English Dictionary 6th ed. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007: 3804. ISBN 0199206872.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link) Artemisinin. Emerging Infectious Diseases: 1217–1217. doi:10.3201/eid2007.et2007.  Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2021. Clarification of some morphological characters in Artemisia anomala (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of var. tomentella and var. acuminatissima to the synonymy of the species. Phytotaxa 520: 57–74. Wang L, Guo X Q, Yang Q E*. 2019. A note on the validation of the name Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 27: 331–332. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2022. The identity of Artemisia brevis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from Xinjiang, China. Phytotaxa 543: 73–81. Cheng-Sheng Li, Xiao-Rui Chi, Xin-Qiang Guo and Long Wang. 2022. Artemisia calcicola (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), A New Species from Karst Region in Guizhou, southwestern China. PhytoKeys. 213: 161-167. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.213.96203 Guo X Q, Wang L*. 2022. Second-step lectotypification of the Linnaean name Artemisia dracunculus (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). Kew Bulletin 77: 983–985. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E*. 2021. Artemisia flaccida (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) is merged with A. fulgens, with transfer of A. flaccida var. meiguensis to A. fulgens. Phytotaxa 514: 221–237. Liyaqat ALI, Anzar Ahmad KHUROO, Aijaz Hassan GANIE and Tajamul ISLAM. 2023. Artemisia kargilensis (Asteraceae), A New Species from Ladakh (Trans-Himalaya), India. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 53(4); 294-300. DOI: 10.11110/kjpt.2023.53.4.294 Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2022. Clarification of morphological characters and geographical distribution of Artemisia neosinensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a strikingly misunderstood species from China. Phytotaxa 544: 11–36. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2022. Rediscovery of Artemisia nortonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and clarification of its type locality and geographical distribution. Phytotaxa 570 : 283–288. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2020. Lectotypification of Artemisia rutifolia var. ruoqiangensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). Phytotaxa 453: 49–51. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E*. 2021. Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China. Phytotaxa 487: 125–138. Guo X Q, Wang L, Yang Q E. 2020. Taxonomic notes on Artemisia waltonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of A. kangmarensis and A. conaensis to the synonymy of the type variety. Phytotaxa 450: 149–172.