體化認知

體化認知（英語：Embodied cognition ），又稱為體現的認知、具身認知，是一種認知理論，該理論認為無論是人類還是其他生物，其多數认知特徵是由生物體全身的各方面所塑造而成。 认知特征包括高级的心理產物（例如概念和範疇）以及在各種認知任務（如推理或判斷）中的表現。而身體方面則包括运动系统、知觉系统（英语：Perceptual system） ，身体与环境的相互作用（ 情境性（英语：Situated） ），以及根據生物體結構來設想這個世界。 體化心靈的论点對如認知主義、计算主義和笛卡尔二元论等其他理论發起了挑战 ，並且与外延心靈論（英语：Extended mind thesis） 、情境式認知（英语：Situated cognition）和生成主義（英语：Enactivism）密切相关。 其现代版本取決於多領域最新的研究見解，包括心理学、语言学、认知科学、动力学系统、人工智慧、机器人学、动物认知、植物认知（英语：Plant cognition）和神经生物学。 後認知主義 Wilson, Robert A.; Foglia, Lucia (July 25, 2011). Edward N. Zalta (ed.). "Embodied Cognition". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition). Varela, Thompson & Rosch 1992 Brooks, Rodney A. (1999). Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-52263-2 Clark, Andy（英语：Andy Clark） (1997). Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-53156-9 Damasio, Antonio (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-601075-5 傑拉爾德·埃德爾曼 (2004). Wider than the Sky: The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10229-1 Gallagher, S.（英语：Shaun Gallagher） (2005). How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-920416-0. Hendriks-Jansen, Horst (1996) Catching Ourselves in the Act: Situated Activity, Interactive Emergence, Evolution, and Human Thought. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-08246-2 Hyun, J. S.; Luck, S. J. Visual working memory as the substrate for mental rotation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2007, 14 (1): 154–158. PMID 17546746. doi:10.3758/bf03194043.  Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark（英语：Mark Johnson (professor)） (1980) Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46801-1 Lakoff, George (1987) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46804-6. Lakoff, George and Turner, Mark（英语：Mark Turner (cognitive scientist)） (1989) More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46812-7 Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark（英语：Mark Johnson (professor)） (1999) Philosophy In The Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-05674-1 Lakoff, George and Nuñez, Rafael（英语：Rafael E. Núñez）. (2001). Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being（英语：Where Mathematics Comes From）. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-03771-2 Maturana, Humberto and Varela, Francisco (1987) The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambhala. ISBN 0-87773-373-2 Pfeifer, R.（英语：Rolf Pfeifer） (2001) Understanding Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-16181-8 Pfeifer, R.（英语：Rolf Pfeifer） and Bongard, J.（英语：Josh Bongard） (2006) How the Body Shapes the Way We Think: A New View of Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-16239-5 Varela, Francisco J., Thompson, Evan T.（英语：Evan Thompson）, and Rosch, Eleanor（英语：Eleanor Rosch）. (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-72021-3 Greeno, J.G; Moore, J.L. Situativity and symbols: Response to Vera and Simon. Cognitive Science. 1993, 17: 49–59. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1701_3.  Wilson, M. (2001). The case for sensorimotor coding in working memory （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, *, 44–57. The Situated Body （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, a special issue of Janus Head: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature, Continental Philosophy, Phenomenological Psychology and the Arts. Guest edited by Shaun Gallagher. Embodiment and Experientialism from the Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pdf) Embodied Cognition: A Field Guide (pdf) – from an Artificial Intelligence perspective Where the Action Is （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Paul Dourish（英语：Paul Dourish）- for applications to human-computer interaction. Pragmatism, Ideology, and Embodiment: William James and the Philosophical Foundations of Embodiment by Tim Rohrer Society for the Scientific Study of Embodiment （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Embodied Cognition – Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 2001 Summary of how the embodiment hypothesis of cognitive linguistics has begun to interact with theories of embodiment in fields ranging from cognitive anthropology to cognitive neuroscience Goddard College's Embodiment Studies Web Resources Embodiment Resources – for those researching into embodiment, particularly as it relates to phenomenology, sociology and cognitive neuroscience. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） EUCog – European Network for the Advancement of Artificial Cognitive Systems, Interaction and Robotics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Many references here to up to date research on embodiment and enaction