汉娜·莫尔

汉娜·莫尔（Hannah More 1745年2月2日—1833年9月7日）是一名英格兰宗教作家、慈善家、诗人、剧作家，她是当时伦敦社交界、文艺圈里的名人，蓝袜子的领袖。 她出生于布里斯托尔鱼塘区（Fishponds），是当地一所学校校长雅各布·摩尔（1700-83）的第四个女儿（共五个）。她的父亲是她的启蒙老师，教会了她拉丁语和数学，她的姐姐们又教过她法语。 1758年，其父雅各布在布里斯托尔三一街（Trinity Street）创办了一所女子寄宿学校，由汉娜的姐姐玛丽和伊丽莎白运营，雅各布自己则在石山区（Stony Hill）创办了一所男子学校。12岁时，汉娜进入姐姐们的学校学习，毕业后在那里执教。 1767年汉娜为了和萨默塞特郡Wraxall村一名叫威廉·特纳的男子订婚，退掉了自己在学校的股份。但过了六年婚礼还是没有举办，特纳也没有确定日期的意愿，于是二人的婚约在1773年解除。这可能一度导致汉娜精神崩溃，她因此前往濱海韋斯頓附近的上山村（Uphill）疗养。她最后从特纳那里获得了200镑年金作为补偿，这使得她能够有充足的闲暇时间进行文学创作。 她在教书时开始创作田园风格的剧作，以供她的女学生们表演。她的第一部作品是1762年完成的《The Search after Happiness》，到1780年代中期，它共售出10,000多本。 她在1773年冬和姐姐们一起前往伦敦，在那里结识了塞缪尔·约翰逊、约书亚·雷诺兹和爱德蒙·伯克等当时文艺界的精英。约翰逊其实不太喜欢她，认为她太过奉承别人，还是一个蹩脚诗人。她参加了蓝袜子运动，是伊丽莎白·蒙塔古沙龙的座上宾，并在那里结识弗朗西斯·博斯科文、伊丽莎白·卡特、伊丽莎白·维西和赫斯特·沙蓬。 她的剧作在伦敦获得了成功，其《珀西》在1777年12月于皇家歌剧院上演，大卫·加里克为这部作品写了开场白和谢幕词。 她在伦敦的生活并不顺利，1785年她在萨默塞特郡北部的灵顿买下一栋别墅，和姐妹玛莎开始避世的隐居生活。在那里，她写成了《寻找妻子的科勒布斯》（Coelebs in Search of a Wife）等多部作品，并在那里去世，葬在当地的诸圣教堂中，留下的遗产捐给了教会和慈善机构。 Crossley Evans, MJ, Hannah More, University of Bristol (Bristol branch of the Historical Association, 1999. Stephen 1894. S. J. Skedd, "More, Hannah (1745–1833)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004). Chisholm 1911.  Chisholm, Hugh (编). More, Hannah. Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.   Stephen, Leslie. More, Hannah. Lee, Sidney (编). Dictionary of National Biography 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co: 414–420. 1894.  Hannah More, Works of Hannah More, 2 vols. New York: Harper, 1840 Anna Jane Buckland, The life of Hannah More. A lady of two centuries. London: Religious Tract Society, 1882, [1] Jeremy and Margaret Collingwood, Hannah More. Oxford: Lion Publishing, 1990, ISBN 0-7459-1532-9 Patricia Demers, The World of Hannah More. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996, ISBN 0-8131-1978-2 Charles Howard Ford, Hannah More: A Critical Biography. New York: Peter Lang, 1996, ISBN 0-8204-2798-5 Marion Harland, Hannah More. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1900 Mary Alen Hopkins, Hannah More and Her Circle. London: Longmans, 1947 M. G. Jones, Hannah More Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952 Helen C. Knight, Hannah More; or, Life in Hall and Cottage. New York: M. W. Dodd, 1851 Elizabeth Kowaleski-Wallace, Their Fathers' Daughters: Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth, and Patriarchal Complicity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991 Annette Mary Budgett Meakin, Hannah More: A Biographical Study. London: John Murray, 1919 Karen Swallow Prior, Fierce Convictions: The Extraordinary Life of Hannah More—Poet, Reformer, Abolitionist. Nashville: Nelson Books, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4002-0625-4 William Roberts, ed., Memoirs of Mrs Hannah More. New York: Harper & Bros., 1836 Anne Stott, Hannah More: The First Victorian. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-19-924532-0 Thomas Taylor, Memoir of Mrs. Hannah More. London: Joseph Rickerby, 1838 Henry Thompson, The Life of Hannah More With Notices of Her Sisters. London: T. Cadell, 1838 Charlotte Yonge, Hannah More. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1888 Elliott, Dorice Williams. The Care of the Poor Is Her Profession: Hannah More and Women's Philanthropic Work. Nineteenth-Century Contexts. 1995, 19 (2): 179–204. doi:10.1080/08905499508583421. hdl:1808/20908 .  Kelly, Gary. Revolution, Reaction, and the Expropriation of Popular Culture: Hannah More's Cheap Repository (PDF). Man and Nature. 1987, 6: 147–59 [2021-06-17]. doi:10.7202/1011875ar . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-21）.  Jacqueline McMillan, "Hannah More: From Versificatrix to Saint", In Her Hand: Letters of Romantic-Era British Women Writers in New Zealand Collections. Otago Students of Letters. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago, Department of English, 2013. pp. 23–46. Includes five letters and a poem, hitherto unpublished. Mitzi Myers, "Hannah More's Tracts for the Times: Social Fiction and Female Ideology", Fetter'd or Free? British Women Novelists, 1670–1815. Mary Anne Schofield and Cecilia Macheski, eds. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1986 Myers, Mitzi. Reform or Ruin: 'A Revolution in Female Manners'. Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture. 1982, 11: 199–216.  Nardin, Jane. Hannah More and the Rhetoric of Educational Reform. Women's History Review. 2001, 10 (2): 211–27. doi:10.1080/09612020100200571.  Nardin, Jane. Hannah More and the Problem of Poverty. Texas Studies in Language and Literature. 2001, 43 (3): 267–84. S2CID 162100269. doi:10.1353/tsl.2001.0015.  Pickering, Samuel. Hannah More's Coelebs in Search of a Wife and the Respectability of the Novel in the Nineteenth Century. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen. 1977, 78: 78–85.  Mona Scheuerman, In Praise of Poverty: Hannah More Counters Thomas Paine and the Radical Threat. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002 Stoker, David. The Watson family, the Association for the Discountenancing of Vice and the Irish Cheap Repository Tracts. The Library: Transactions of the Bibliographical Society. 7. 2020, 21: 343–384.  Kathryn Sutherland, "Hannah More's Counter-Revolutionary Feminism", Revolution in Writing: British Literary Responses to the French Revolution. Kelvin Everest, ed. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991 Vallone, Lynne. 'A Humble Spirit under Correction': Tracts, Hymns, and the Ideology of Evangelical Fiction for Children, 1780–1820. The Lion and the Unicorn. 1991, 15 (2): 72–95. S2CID 143540425. doi:10.1353/uni.0.0155.  A Comparative Study of Three Anti-Slavery Poems Written by William Blake, Hannah More and Marcus Garvey: Black Stereotyping （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini for GRAAT On-Line, January 2010 Papers of Hannah More are held at The Women's Library in the Library of the London School of Economics. 9/16[失效連結] 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：汉娜·莫尔 维基文库中该作者的作品： 漢娜·摩爾 维基语录上的汉娜·莫尔语录 Hannah More （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Hannah More的作品 - 古騰堡計劃 Hannah More - 古滕堡分布式校对（加拿大） Works by Hannah More at Osborne Collection of Early Children's Books (Toronto Public Library) 互联网档案馆中汉娜·莫尔的作品或与之相关的作品 來自汉娜·莫尔的LibriVox公共領域有聲讀物 Hannah More from Brycchan Carey's listing of British abolitionists （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The full text of Slavery, A Poem available online The full text of The Sorrows of Yamba available online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Original 1797 edition of a printed pamphlet of The Sorrows of Yamba （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）