旋螺属

旋螺属（学名：Gyraulus），又名圆口扁蜷属，为腹足綱泛有肺類扁卷螺科，體型細小，大多數為會呼吸空氣的淡水螺:126。部分物種乃中国特有物种。 本屬物種最早出現的時間，根據化石紀錄，可以上推至早白堊世，一直延續至今。在今日華北地區的热河群義縣組的湖底沉積物（具體位置在今日的北京城郊鄰近河北省的下庄乡）發現本屬物種的化石，年代可上遡至1.25億年前。 微細的物種Gyraulus crista在技術上雖然仍是一隻有肺類的腹足綱物種，這些動物其實並不會在空氣中呼吸，而是依靠充滿了水的外套膜。 本屬物種廣泛分佈於全北區。 旋螺屬在淡水的水生植物上生活。 螺殼半透明，質薄，體型小，而且大多數都是平旋殼。 截至2018年8月20日 (2018-08-20)[update]，WoRMS記載本屬已紀錄的名稱達420個，當中已接受的現生種及化石種名稱也有241個。過往旋螺属的物種可以再分為以下三個亞屬： subgenus Torquis Dall, 1905 subgenus Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967 subgenus Armiger Hartmann, 1843 但這種分類現時只被作「另類表達方式」來處理。 以下詳列本屬之亞屬及其物種： 亚属 Armiger W. Hartmann, 1843 Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758) - Nautilus ramshorn † Gyraulus cristaeformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) † Gyraulus decorus (Roshka, 1973) † Gyraulus geniculatus (Sandberger, 1875) † Gyraulus gracilis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) † Gyraulus lenapalus (Bourguignat, 1881) † Gyraulus lluecai (Royo Gómez, 1922) † Gyraulus nautiliformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) † Gyraulus subptychophorus (Halaváts, 1903) 亚属 Carinogyraulus Polinski, 1929: represented as Gyraulus 亚属 Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837 † Gyraulus aegaeus Willmann, 1981 † Gyraulus bachmayeri Schlickum & Strauch, 1979 † Gyraulus bigueti (Fontannes, 1881) † Gyraulus brlici Brusina, 1897 † Gyraulus brusinai (Lörenthey, 1894) 中華旋螺 Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848) † Gyraulus connivens (Eichwald, 1830) † Gyraulus constans (Brusina, 1884) † Gyraulus dalmaticus (Brusina, 1884) † Gyraulus deflexus (Sandberger, 1859) † Gyraulus dimitrovici (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus doseni (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus formosus (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus fragilis (Pavlović, 1903) † Gyraulus goussardianus (Noulet, 1854) † Gyraulus hians (Rolle, 1860) † Gyraulus hoernesi (Rolle, 1860) † Gyraulus inornatus (Brusina, 1902) Gyraulus ioanis Gloer & Pesic, 2007 Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859) † Gyraulus jukici (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus jurkovici (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus katurici (Brusina, 1897) † Gyraulus kosovensis (Pavlović, 1903) † Gyraulus lazici (Brusina, 1892) † Gyraulus lendli (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus lineolatus (Brusina, 1878) † Gyraulus lorentheyi (Brusina, 1902) Gyraulus meierbrooki Gloer & Pesic, 2007 † Gyraulus multicingulatus (Wenz, 1919) † Gyraulus nematophorus (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus novaki (Brusina, 1897) † Gyraulus nusici (Pavlović, 1903) † Gyraulus oncostomus (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus orahovacensis (Pavlović, 1903) † Gyraulus pachychilus (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus parvulus (Lörenthey, 1906) † Gyraulus pavlovici (Brusina, 1893) † Gyraulus phacecercus (Brusina, 1902) Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852) † Gyraulus ponticus (Lörenthey, 1893) † Gyraulus porcellaneus (Lörenthey, 1902) † Gyraulus praeponticus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890) † Gyraulus ptychostomus (Brusina, 1902) † Gyraulus rotella (Rousseau, 1842) Gyraulus shasi Gloer & Pesic, 2007 † Gyraulus sibinjensis (Brusina, 1897) † Gyraulus slavonicus (Brusina, 1897) † Gyraulus spratti (Forbes, 1845) † Gyraulus stoppanii (Sacco, 1886) Gyraulus stroemi (Westerlund, 1881) † Gyraulus subverticillus (Oppenheim, 1919) † Gyraulus sulfureus (Royo Gómez, 1922) † Gyraulus tenuistriatus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1899) † Gyraulus tetracarinatus (Pavlović, 1903) † Gyraulus virgatus (Ludwig, 1865) † Gyraulus zoebeleini Schlickum & Strauch, 1974 亚属 Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967: represented as Gyraulis 亚属 Nautilinus Mousson, 1872 Gyraulus clymene (Shuttleworth, 1852) 亚属 Torquis Dall, 1905 Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838) 亚属 ? Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807) † Gyraulus albertanus (Clessin, 1877) Gyraulus albidus Radoman, 1953 Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774) - White ramshorn † Gyraulus alienus (Rolle, 1862) † Gyraulus andrussovi (Ali-Zade & Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969) † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845) Gyraulus argaeicus (Sturany, 1904) † Gyraulus arminiensis Jekelius, 1932 † Gyraulus atkinsoni (Johnston, 1879) † Gyraulus bakonicus (Halaváts, 1903) Gyraulus bekaensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2007 Gyraulus biwaensis (Preston, 1916) † Gyraulus bondartchuki (Prysjazhnjuk, 1974) † Gyraulus chaenostomus (Brusina, 1902) Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848) † Gyraulus circumstriatus (Tryon, 1866) 凸旋螺 Gyraulus convexiusculus Gyraulus corinna (Gray, 1850) † Gyraulus costatus (Klein, 1846) Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss, 1848) Gyraulus crenophilus Hubendick & Radoman, 1959 † Gyraulus crescens (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus cryptornatus (Sauerzopf, 1953) † Gyraulus dealbatus (Braun in Walchner, 1851) Gyraulus deflectus [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） † Gyraulus denudatus (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus distortus (Hyatt, 1880) † Gyraulus doricus (Bukowski, 1896) Gyraulus edgbastonensis D. S. Brown, 2001 † Gyraulus edlaueri (Sauerzopf, 1953) Gyraulus egirdirensis Glöer & Girod, 2013 † Gyraulus ehrenbergi (Beck, 1837) Gyraulus elenae Vinarski, Glöer & Palatov, 2013 Gyraulus essingtonensis (E. A. Smith, 1882) Gyraulus eugyne Meier-Brook, 1983 Gyraulus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874) Gyraulus fontinalis Hubendick & Radoman, 1959 † Gyraulus fuchsi (Lörenthey, 1902) † Gyraulus geminus (Brusina, 1897) Gyraulus gilberti (Dunker, 1848) † Gyraulus globosus (Sauerzopf, 1953) † Gyraulus goetzendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) Gyraulus hebraicus (Bourguignat, 1852) † Gyraulus helicophantoides (Pavlović, 1927) † Gyraulus homalosomus (Brusina, 1902) Gyraulus homsensis (Dautzenberg, 1894) Gyraulus hornensis F. C. Baker, 1934 Gyraulus huwaizahensis Glôer & Naser, 2005 Gyraulus ioanis Glöer & Pešić, 2007 Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859) Gyraulus kahuica (Finlay & Laws, 1931) † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) Gyraulus kosiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013 † Gyraulus krohi Neubauer & Harzhauser in Harzhauser et al., 2014 Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838) † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854) Gyraulus luguhuensis Shu, Köhler, Fu & Wang, 2013 Gyraulus lychnidicus Hesse, 1928 † Gyraulus marinkovici (Brusina, 1892) † Gyraulus matraensis Gál et al., 1999 † Gyraulus mauritianus (Morelet, 1876) Gyraulus meierbrooki Glöer & Pešić, 2007 † Gyraulus micromphalus (Fuchs, 1870) † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus nedici (Brusina, 1902) Gyraulus nedyalkovi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012 † Gyraulus oecsensis Wenz, 1919 † Gyraulus okrugljakensis Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 † † Gyraulus oxystoma (Klein, 1846) Gyraulus pamphylicus Glöer & Rähle, 2009 Gyraulus parvus (Say, 1817) Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852) † Gyraulus platystomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993 (?) † Gyraulus popovici (Pavlović, 1927) † Gyraulus primiformis (Sauerzopf, 1953) † Gyraulus protectus Jekelius, 1944 † Gyraulus protocrescens Nützel & Bandel, 1993 † Gyraulus pseudhomalosomus (Sauerzopf, 1953) † Gyraulus pseudotenuis (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus ptycophorus (Brusina, 1892) † Gyraulus pulici (Brusina, 1897) † Gyraulus quadrangulus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) † Gyraulus rasseri Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014† † Gyraulus revertens (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus rhytidophorus (Brusina, 1902) Gyraulus riparius Gyraulus rossmaessleri (Auerswald, 1852) Gyraulus stankovici Hadzisce, 1955 Gyraulus rotula (Benson, 1850) † Gyraulus rotundistomus (Sauerzopf, 1953) † Gyraulus rotundostomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993 † Gyraulus rumanus Wenz in Krejci-Graf & Wenz, 1932 † Gyraulus sabljari (Brusina, 1892) † Gyraulus sachsenhoferi Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2012 † Gyraulus seibersdorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) Gyraulus shasi Glöer & Pešić, 2007 Gyraulus sivalensis (Clessin, 1884) † Gyraulus soceni Jekelius, 1944 † Gyraulus solenoeides (Lörenthey, 1902) 圆口扁蜷 Gyraulus spirillus (Gould, 1859) Gyraulus stankovici Hadžišče, 1953 † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus subhemistoma (d'Orbigny, 1852) † Gyraulus sulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus supremus (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus symmetricus (Sauerzopf, 1953) Gyraulus taseviensis Glöer & Girod, 2013 Gyraulus terraesacrae Rensch, 1934 Gyraulus tokyoensis (Mori, 1938) Gyraulus transsylvanicus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) † Gyraulus trapezoides Polinski, 1929 † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824) † Gyraulus trolli (Sauerzopf, 1953) † Gyraulus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944 Gyraulus vermicularis (Gould, 1847) † Gyraulus vermicularis (Stoliczka, 1862) † Gyraulus verticillus (Brusina, 1892) † Gyraulus vrapceanus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 Gyraulus waterhousei (Clessin, 1885) † Gyraulus zemendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953) Species inquerenda Gyraulus acutus Clessin, 1907 Gyraulus percarinatus Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4) Species brought into synonymy Gyraulus deformis Hartmann, 1844: synonym of Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807) † Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845) † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus var. ludovici (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854) † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. aequeumbilicatus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subinvolutus Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subkleini Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916) † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis var. parvus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. teres (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867) † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. elegans (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824) † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. turbiniformis (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824) de Charpentier, J. 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Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011. 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：旋螺属 Gyraulus. NCBI （英语）.  BioLib taxonomy info （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Gyraulus images （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at Consortium for the Barcode of Life