小頭蛇屬

小頭蛇屬（學名：Oligodon）是蛇亞目游蛇科下的一個蛇屬，主要分布於亞洲南亞、东南亚等地區。 1826年，奥地利动物学家利奥波德·费卿格根据德国动物学家海因里希·博伊厄未发表的手稿建立了小头蛇属，该属是游蛇科内所辖物种最多的属之一，目前已被描述80余种。小头蛇的上颌骨齿扁平而宽大，后缘具有独特的反曲形锋利刃面，类似廓尔喀战士所持的弯刀，故其英文名为“Kukri snake”。拥有这种锋利的弯刀状牙齿，小头蛇在取食较大的爬行动物的卵时，可以切破蛋壳，从中吸取蛋液；在捕猎体型较大无法吞食的两栖动物时，该属的一些成员会切开两栖动物的腹部，取食其内脏。 截止2022年6月4日，根据reptile-database中的数据，本属包含88种： 錨斑小頭蛇 Oligodon affinis Günther, 1862 喜山小頭蛇 Oligodon albocinctus (Cantor, 1839) 北部小头蛇 Oligodon ancorus (Girard, 1858) 安南小头蛇 Oligodon annamensis Leviton, 1953 环纹小头蛇 Oligodon annulifer (Boulenger, 1893) 沙地小头蛇 Oligodon arenarius Vassilieva, 2015 人斑小頭蛇 Oligodon arnensis (Shaw, 1802) 泰國小頭蛇 Oligodon barroni (Smith, 1916) 爪哇小头蛇 Oligodon bitorquatus Boie, 1827 双线小头蛇 Oligodon bivirgatus Qian, Qi, Shi, Lu, Jenkins, Mo & Li, 2021 武烈小头蛇 Oligodon booliati Leong & Grismer, 2004 短頭小頭蛇 Oligodon brevicauda Günther, 1862 芦杆小头蛇 Oligodon calamarius (Linnaeus, 1758) 菱斑小头蛇 Oligodon catenata (Blyth, 1854) 吉仙小头蛇 Oligodon cattienensis Vassilieva, Geissler, Galoyan, Poyarkov, Devender & Böhme, 2013 中国小头蛇 Oligodon chinensis (Günther, 1888) 朱拉小头蛇 Oligodon churahensis Mirza, Bhardwaj & Patel, 2021 紫棕小頭蛇 Oligodon cinereus (Günther, 1864) 昆岛小头蛇 Oligodon condaoensis Nguyen, Nguyen, Le & Murphy, 2016 血色小頭蛇 Oligodon cruentatus (Günther, 1868) 占婆岛小头蛇 Oligodon culaochamensis Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Phan, Jiang & Murphy, 2017 管狀小頭蛇 Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor, 1839) 杜夫小头蛇 Oligodon deuvei David, Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008 脊紋小頭蛇 Oligodon dorsalis (Gray, 1834) 菱斑小頭蛇 Oligodon eberhardti Pellegrin, 1910 赤腹小頭蛇 Oligodon erythrogaster Boulenger, 1907 紅脊小頭蛇 Oligodon erythrorhachis Wall, 1910 埃氏小头蛇 Oligodon everetti Boulenger, 1893 束纹小头蛇 Oligodon fasciolatus (Günther, 1864) 福布斯小头蛇 Oligodon forbesi (Boulenger, 1883) 台灣小頭蛇 Oligodon formosanus (Günther, 1872) 条纹小头蛇 Oligodon hamptoni Boulenger, 1918 华欣小头蛇 Oligodon huahin Pauwels, Larsen, Suthanthangjai, David & Sumontha, 2017 素色小头蛇 Oligodon inornatus (Boulenger, 1914) 金氏小头蛇 Oligodon jintakunei Pauwels, Wallach, David & Chanhome, 2002 黑網小頭蛇 Oligodon joynsoni (Smith, 1917) 大吉嶺小頭蛇 Oligodon juglandifer (Wall, 1909) 柬埔寨小头蛇 Oligodon kampucheaensis Neang, Grismer & Daltry, 2012 珊瑚红小头蛇 Oligodon kheriensis Acharji & Ray, 1936 圓斑小頭蛇 Oligodon lacroixi Angel & Bourret, 1933 墨脱小头蛇 Oligodon lipipengi Jiang, Wang, Li, Ding, Ding & Che, 2020 龍勝小頭蛇 Oligodon lungshenensis Zheng & Huang, 1978 長尾小頭蛇 Oligodon macrurus (Angel, 1927) 斑点小头蛇 Oligodon maculatus (Taylor, 1918) 棕脊小頭蛇 Oligodon mcdougalli Wall, 1905 棕黑小頭蛇 Oligodon melaneus Wall, 1909 黑帶小頭蛇 Oligodon melanozonatus Wall, 1922 梅氏小头蛇 Oligodon meyerinkii (Steindachner, 1891) 吕宋小头蛇 Oligodon modestus Günther, 1864 莫里斯小头蛇 Oligodon moricei David, Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008 莫氏小头蛇 Oligodon mouhoti (Boulenger, 1914) 方斑小头蛇 Oligodon nagao David, Nguyen, Nguyen, Jiang, Chen, Teynié & Ziegler, 2012 尼基氏小头蛇 Oligodon nikhili Whitaker & Dattatri, 1982 巴拉望小头蛇 Oligodon notospilus Günther, 1873 眼斑小头蛇 Oligodon ocellatus (Morice, 1875) 八线小头蛇 Oligodon octolineatus (Schneider, 1801) 飾紋小頭蛇 Oligodon ornatus Van Denburgh, 1909 珀氏小头蛇 Oligodon perkinsi (Taylor, 1925) 温柔小头蛇 Oligodon petronellae Roux, 1917 帕岸小头蛇 Oligodon phangan Pauwels, Thongyai, Chantong & Sumontha, 2021 平頂小頭蛇 Oligodon planiceps (Boulenger, 1888) 韦岛小头蛇 Oligodon praefrontalis Werner, 1913 素叻他尼小头蛇 Oligodon promsombuti Pauwels, Thongyai, Chantong & Sumontha, 2021 邻家小头蛇 Oligodon propinquus Jan, 1862 拟山斑小头蛇 Oligodon pseudotaeniatus David, Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008 巴东小头蛇 Oligodon pulcherrimus Werner, 1909 紫斑小頭蛇 Oligodon purpurascens (Schlegel, 1837) 长吻小头蛇 Oligodon rostralis Nguyen, Tran, Nguyen, Neang, Yushenko & Poyarkov, 2020 Oligodon russelius 圣吉伦斯小头蛇 Oligodon saintgironsi Oligodon saintgironsi David, Vogel & Pauwels, 2008 赛育小头蛇 Oligodon saiyok Sumontha, Kunya, Dangsri & Pauwels, 2017 箭斑小頭蛇 Oligodon signatus (Günther, 1864)，基异名为Simotes signatus Günther, 1864 Oligodon speleoserpens Pawangkhanant, Poyarkov, Ward-Smith, Grassby-Lewis, Sumontha, Kliukin, Idiiatullina, Trofimets, Suwannapoom & Lee, 2024 麗紋小頭蛇 Oligodon splendidus (Günther, 1875)，基异名为 Simotes splendidus Günther, 1875 腹鏈小頭蛇 Oligodon sublineatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 山斑小頭蛇 Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861) 斯里蘭卡小頭蛇 Oligodon taeniolatus (Jerdon, 1853) Oligodon teyniei David, Hauser & Vogel, 2022 緬甸小頭蛇 Oligodon theobaldi (Günther, 1868) 库尔杜瓦迪小头蛇 Oligodon tillacki Bandara, Ganesh, Kanishka, Danushka, Sharma, Campbell, Ineich, Vogel & Amarasinghe, 2022 Oligodon tolaki 颈斑小头蛇 Oligodon torquatus (Boulenger, 1888) 特拉凡哥爾小頭蛇 Oligodon travancoricus Beddome, 1877 三线小头蛇 Oligodon trilineatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) Oligodon tuani Nguyen, Le, Vo & Murphy, 2022 单色小头蛇 Oligodon unicolor (Kopstein, 1926) 神女小頭蛇 Oligodon venustus (Jerdon, 1853) 黑脊小头蛇 Oligodon vertebralis Günther, 1865 布氏小头蛇 Oligodon waandersi (Bleeker, 1860) 瓦氏小头蛇 Oligodon wagneri David & Vogel, 2012 黃紋小頭蛇 Oligodon woodmasoni (Sclater, 1891) 钱天宇. 海南岛发现小头蛇属一新种. 中国两栖类. [2022-06-04].  Reptarium.cz Reptile Database 中的 Oligodon Justin L. Lee. 2022. First Record of the Annam Kukri Snake Oligodon annamensis Leviton, 1953 (Squamata: Colubridae) From Thailand. Tropical Natural History. 22(1); 100-107. li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TNH/article/view/257277 Vassilieva, Anna B. 2015. A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Coastal Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa. 4058(2): 211–226. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.2.4 Vassilieva, Anna B., Peter Geissler, Eduard A. Galoyan, Nikolay A. J. Poyarkov, Robert W. V. Devender and Wolfgang Böhme. 2013. A New Species of Kukri Snake (Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826; Squamata: Colubridae) from the Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa. 3702(3): 233-246. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.2 Zeeshan A. Mirza, Virender Kumar Bhardwaj and Harshil Patel. 2021. A New Species of Snake of the Genus Oligodon Boie in Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the Western Himalayas. Evolutionary Systematics. 5(2): 335-345. DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.5.72564 Sang N. Nguyen, Vu D. H. Nguyen, Son H. Le and Robert W. Murphy. 2016. A New Species of Kukri Snake (Squamata: Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from Con Dao Islands, southern Vietnam. 4139(2); 261–273. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.9 Sang Ngoc Nguyen, Luan Thanh Nguyen, Vu Dang Hoang Nguyen, Hoa Thi Phan, Ke Jiang and Robert W Murphy. 2017. A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Cu Lao Cham Islands, central Vietnam. Zootaxa. 4286(3); 333-346. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.2 Olivier S. G. Pauwels, Henning Larsen, Winai Suthanthangjai, Patrick David and Montri Sumontha. 2017. A New Kukri Snake (Colubridae: Oligodon) from Hua Hin District, and the First record of O. deuvei from Thailand. Zootaxa. 4291(3); 531–548. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.6 Abhijit Das, David J. Gower, Surya Narayanan, Saunak Pal, Bitupan Boruah, Sanjay Magar, Sanjib Das, Soumabrata Moulick and V. Deepak. 2022. Rediscovery and Systematics of the rarely encountered Blue-bellied Kukri Snake (Oligodon melaneus Wall, 1909) from Assam, India. Zootaxa. 5138(4); 417-430. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.4.4 Montri Sumontha, Kirati Kunya, Siriwat Dangsri and Olivier S. G. Pauwels. 2017. Oligodon saiyok, A New Limestone-dwelling Kukri Snake (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Zootaxa. 4294(3); 316–328. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4294.3.2 Parinya Pawangkhanant, Nikolay A. Poyarkov, Harry Ward-Smith, Rupert Grassby-Lewis, Montri Sumontha, Nikita S. Kliukin, Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Alexei V. Trofimets, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom and Justin L. Lee. 2024. A New Species of Karst-associated Kukri Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from southern Thailand. Vertebrate Zoology. 74: 359-379. DOI: 10.3897/vz.74.e112132 AA Thasun Amarasinghe, D.M.S. Suranjan Karunarathna, Patrick D. Campbell and Ivan Ineich. 2015. Systematics and Ecology of Oligodon sublineatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854, An Endemic Snake of Sri Lanka, including the Designation of A Lectotype. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 91(1): 71-80. DOI: 10.3897/zse.91.4971 Patrick David, Sjon Hauser and Gernot Vogel. 2022. A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia: Colubridae) from southern Laos. TAPROBANICA. 11(1); 12–24. DOI: 10.47605/tapro.v11i1.273 Sanjaya K. Bandara; S.R. Ganesh; A. Suneth Kanishka; A. Dineth Danushka; Vivek R. Sharma; Patrick D. Campbell; Ivan Ineich; Gernot Vogel and A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe. 2022. Taxonomic Composition of the Oligodon arnensis (Shaw 1802) Species Complex (Squamata: Colubridae) with the Description of A New Species from India. Herpetologica. DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00026 Amarasinghe, Sujan M.Henkanaththegedara, Patrick D.Campbell, Awal Riyanto, Jakob Hallermann & Gernot Vogel, 2021