一氧化锰

一氧化锰是锰的一种氧化物，化学式MnO，在自然界中以罕见的方锰矿（英语：manganosite）的形式存在。它在磁共振成像、电极材料制备等方面有着潜在应用。 一氧化锰有着与氯化钠晶体相同的结构，其阴、阳离子都处于八面体的配位环境中，它有着非化学计量比的组成，可由MnO变化到MnO1.045。在118 K以下时，一氧化锰具有反铁磁性，其磁结构（英语：magnetic structure）最初于1951年由中子衍射得到表征。。其禁带宽度为4.02 eV，自旋磁矩为4.52 μB。 一氧化锰可由氢气还原锰的高价氧化物得到，如： M n O 2 + H 2 ⟶ M n O + H 2 O {\displaystyle \mathrm {MnO} _{2}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} } 工业上用氢气、一氧化碳或甲烷还原二氧化锰制得： M n O 2 + C O ⟶ M n O + C O 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {MnO} _{2}+\mathrm {CO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {CO} _{2}} 一氧化锰也可由碳酸锰的热分解制得： M n C O 3 ⟶ M n O + C O 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {MnCO} _{3}\longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {CO} _{2}} 草酸锰的热分解根据产物的不同会生成一氧化锰、α-三氧化二锰或四氧化三锰，其中在真空中于500 °C分解可以得到一氧化锰。 一氧化锰不溶于水，是一种离子型的碱性氧化物，和酸反应得到相应的二价锰盐。例如： C F 3 S O 3 H + M n O ⟶ ( C F 3 S O 3 ) 2 M n + H 2 O {\displaystyle \mathrm {CF} _{3}\mathrm {SO} _{3}\mathrm {H} +\mathrm {MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {(CF} _{3}\mathrm {SO} _{3}\mathrm {)} _{2}\mathrm {Mn+} \mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} } 它在高温下和氢氧化钠反应，生成锰(III)酸钠并放出氢气： 2 M n O + 2 N a O H ⟶ N a M n O 2 + H 2 ↑ {\displaystyle \mathrm {2MnO} +\mathrm {2NaOH} \longrightarrow \mathrm {NaMnO} _{2}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\uparrow } 它和氯化铁反应得到铁酸锰： 2 F e C l 3 + 4 M n O ⟶ M n F e 2 O 4 + 3 M n C l 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {2FeCl} _{3}+\mathrm {4MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {MnFe} _{2}\mathrm {O} _{4}+\mathrm {3MnCl} _{2}} 它和氧化钡、锰(III)酸钇于高温反应，可以得到具有层状钙钛矿结构的化合物YBaMn2O5；和五氧化二钒或偏钒酸铵反应，得到具有钪钇石（英语：Thortveitite）结构的Mn2V2O7。 它可以直接用作反应物来构建其它一些含锰材料，如(H2dmp)0.5Mn(H2PO4)(C2O4)、Na3Mn2SbO6等。 Hay, R.; Howat, D. 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