双歧杆菌属

双歧杆菌属（学名：Bifidobacterium）是双歧杆菌目双歧杆菌科的一属，为严格厌氧的革兰氏阳性杆菌。因细胞形态常呈现分叉状而得名，其染色呈不规则的分叉成Y及V型的杆状及棍棒状或匙形。此属的模式种为两歧双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium bifidum），按音译俗称比菲德菌。 双歧杆菌广泛存在于人和动物的消化道、阴道、口腔等生境中，会发酵糖类形成乳酸和乙酸。双歧杆菌是一大类具有代表性的人体肠道益生菌，可能与人类营养、抗菌、免疫调节、抗癌及抗肿瘤等相关。双歧杆菌与某些肠道疾病相关，如：炎症性肠病（IBD）、肠易激综合征（IBS）、腹泻、结肠癌、直肠癌等。双歧杆菌制剂可能可以调理和改善肠道相关疾病。 本属包括以下物种： Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme Killer et al. 2011 青春雙歧桿菌 Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reuter, 1963 Bifidobacterium aemilianum Alberoni et al. 2019 Bifidobacterium aerophilum Michelini et al. 2017 Bifidobacterium aesculapii Modesto et al. 2014 Bifidobacterium angulatum Scardovi and Crociani 1974 动物双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium animalis (Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974 双歧杆菌动物亚种 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis Bifidobacterium anseris Lugli et al. 2018 Bifidobacterium apri Pechar et al. 2017 Bifidobacterium aquikefiri Laureys et al. 2016 Bifidobacterium asteroides Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 Bifidobacterium avesanii Michelini et al. 2019 Bifidobacterium biavatii Endo et al. 2012 两歧双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium bifidum (Tissier 1900) Orla-Jensen 1924，双岐双岐杆菌 Bifidobacterium bohemicum Killer et al. 2011 Bifidobacterium bombi Killer et al. 2009 Bifidobacterium boum Scardovi et al. 1979 短双岐杆菌 Bifidobacterium breve Reuter 1963 Bifidobacterium callimiconis Duranti et al. 2019 Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum Modesto et al. 2018 Bifidobacterium callitrichos Endo et al. 2012 犬双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium canis Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2020 Bifidobacterium castoris Duranti et al. 2019 Bifidobacterium catenulatum Scardovi and Crociani 1974 Bifidobacterium catulorum Modesto et al. 2018 Bifidobacterium cebidarum Duranti et al. 2020 Bifidobacterium choerinum Scardovi et al. 1979 Bifidobacterium choloepi Modesto et al. 2020 Bifidobacterium commune Praet et al. 2015 Bifidobacterium coryneforme (ex Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969) Biavati et al. 1982，异名 Bifidobacterium criceti Lugli et al. 2018 Bifidobacterium crudilactis Delcenserie et al. 2013 Bifidobacterium cuniculi Scardovi et al. 1979 Bifidobacterium denticolens Crociani et al. 1996 齿双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium dentium Scardovi and Crociani 1974 Bifidobacterium dolichotidis Duranti et al. 2019 Bifidobacterium erythrocebi Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021 Bifidobacterium eulemuris Michelini et al. 2016 Bifidobacterium faecale Choi et al. 2014 Bifidobacterium felsineum Modesto et al. 2020 Bifidobacterium gallicum Lauer 1990 Bifidobacterium gallinarum Watabe et al. 1983 Bifidobacterium globosum (ex Scardovi et al. 1969) Biavati et al. 1982 Bifidobacterium goeldii Duranti et al. 2019 Bifidobacterium hapali Michelini et al. 2016 Bifidobacterium imperatoris Lugli et al. 2018 Bifidobacterium indicum Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969 婴儿双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium infantis Reuter 1963，异名 Bifidobacterium inopinatum Crociani et al. 1996，异名 意大利双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium italicum Lugli et al. 2018 Bifidobacterium jacchi Modesto et al. 2019 Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense Morita et al. 2011，异名 乳双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium lactis Meile et al. 1997，更名为动物双歧杆菌乳亚种(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis) Bifidobacterium lemurum Modesto et al. 2015 Bifidobacterium leontopitheci Duranti et al. 2020 长双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium longum Reuter 1963，俗名：比菲德氏龙根菌，简称 龙根菌 Bifidobacterium longum iuvenis Modesto et al. 2023 Bifidobacterium magnum Scardovi and Zani 1974 Bifidobacterium margollesii Lugli et al. 2018 Bifidobacterium mellis Olofsson et al. 2023 Bifidobacterium merycicum Biavati and Mattarelli 1991 小双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium minimum Biavati et al. 1982 Bifidobacterium mongoliense Watanabe et al. 2009 Bifidobacterium moraviense Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021 Bifidobacterium moukalabense Tsuchida et al. 2014 Bifidobacterium myosotis Michelini et al. 2016 Bifidobacterium oedipodis Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021 Bifidobacterium olomucense Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021 Bifidobacterium panos Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021 Bifidobacterium parmae Lugli et al. 2018 Bifidobacterium porcinum (Zhu et al. 2003) Nouioui et al. 2018 Bifidobacterium primatium Modesto et al. 2020 Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Scardovi et al. 1979 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Mitsuoka 1969 Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum Simpson et al. 2004 Bifidobacterium pullorum Trovatelli et al. 1974 Bifidobacterium ramosum Michelini et al. 2017 Bifidobacterium reuteri Endo et al. 2012 Bifidobacterium ruminantium Biavati and Mattarelli 1991 Bifidobacterium saeculare Biavati et al. 1992，为Bifidobacterium gallinarum subsp. saeculare (Biavati et al. 1992) Liu et al. 2020的异名 Bifidobacterium saguini Endo et al. 2012 Bifidobacterium samirii Duranti et al. 2019 Bifidobacterium scaligerum Modesto et al. 2020 斯卡尔多维双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium scardovii Hoyles et al. 2002 Bifidobacterium simiarum Modesto et al. 2020 Bifidobacterium stellenboschense Endo et al. 2012 Bifidobacterium stercoris Kim et al. 2010，为Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)的异名 Bifidobacterium subtile Biavati et al. 1982 猪双歧杆菌 Bifidobacterium suis Matteuzzi et al. 1971，异名 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum Dong et al. 2000 Bifidobacterium thermophilum Mitsuoka 1969，也拼作Bifidobacterium thermophilium Bifidobacterium tibiigranuli Eckel et al. 2020 Bifidobacterium tissieri corrig. Michelini et al. 2016 Bifidobacterium tissierii Michelini et al. 2016 Bifidobacterium tsurumiense Okamoto et al. 2008 Bifidobacterium vansinderenii Duranti et al. 2017 Bifidobacterium xylocopae Alberoni et al. 2019 双歧杆菌. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会.  （简体中文） 商惠芳, et al. "優酪乳對人體腸道細菌相及血液生化分析之影響." 中華民國營養學會雜誌 25.3 (2000): 159-169. 益生菌於腸胃道疾病的運用. 台灣家庭醫學醫學會.  双歧杆菌生理功能研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2013, (16): 353-358. DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2013.16.001 吴娇霞, et al. "双歧杆菌与胃肠道疾病的相关研究." 海峡药学 33.1 (2021): 101-105. 李俊洁, and 陈庆森. "双歧杆菌调理和改善肠道相关疾病作用的研究进展." 食品科学 32.23 (2011): 326-332. Bifidobacterium Orla-Jensen, 1924. GBIF. [2022-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-22）.  研究：腸道缺乏青春雙歧桿菌　接種疫苗後抗體水平較低. 香港電台網站中文新聞. 2021-12-02 [2021-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-02） （中文（繁體））.  Modesto M, Ngom-Bru C, Scarafile D, Bruttin A, Pruvost S, Sarker SA, Ahmed T, Sakwinska O, Mattarelli P, Duboux S. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. iuvenis subsp. nov., a novel subspecies isolated from the faeces of weaning infants. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:6013. Olofsson TC, Modesto M, Pascarelli S, Scarafile D, Mattarelli P, Vasquez A. Bifidobacterium mellis sp. nov., isolated from the honey stomach of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5766. LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature