最小質量恆星列表

這是一份有關最小質量恆星的列表，依木星質量與太陽質量的多寡來依序排列。 恆星質量是恆星最重要的一個要素。質量加上化學成分能確定一顆恆星的光度、實際上的大小和最後的命運。列在表上的恆星質量都小於1倍太陽質量，包括棕矮星與紅矮星。研究顯示大於13倍木星質量的天體會發生氘核聚變，而大於65倍木星質量的天體會產生鋰聚變，因此恆星的質量不會低於13倍木星質量。棕矮星是類恆星天體的一種，它們是所謂「失敗的恆星」（Failed Star），由於質量不足，不能像正常恆星那樣通過氫核聚變維持光度，無法成為主序星。但它們的內部及表面均呈對流狀態，不同的化學物質並不會在內部分層存在。研究表明褐矮星為處於13倍木星質量與75－80倍木星質量之間的天體。 黑矮星（Black dwarf）是一顆白矮星在溫度低到不再能發出可以被偵測到的光或熱時的狀態。因為目前宇宙還沒有觀測到黑矮星存在，因此其質量不明。 棕矮星（Brown dwarf）是一種小質量恆星。它們就是「失敗的恆星」。由於質量不足，不能像其他恆星通過氫核聚變維持光度，因此無法成為主序星，並導致其質量較低。棕矮星的質量為13倍至80倍木星質量，即太陽質量的0.01至0.08倍。 紅矮星（Red dwarf）是一種質量較小、溫度較低的恆星，其質量是太陽質量的0.075至0.5倍。 橙矮星（Orange dwarf），是較為接近太陽質量的恆星種類，其質量是太陽質量的0.5至0.8倍。 黃矮星（Yellow dwarf），是最接近太陽質量的恆星種類。這些恆星的質量大約在0.8至1.0太陽質量。太陽也是一個黃矮星。 白矮星（White dwarf），是低質量恆星演化階段的最終產物。這些恆星的質量大於1太陽質量。 蝘蜓座110913-773444比之前所知最小的棕矮星OTS 44還要小，質量祇有8倍木星質量，甚至比一些太陽系外行星還小。科學家對這個天體的分類還沒有取得共識，所以堰蜓座110913-773444可能是一顆次棕矮星或是一顆流浪行星。 恆星 恆星距離列表 恆星亮度列表 恆星光度列表 巨大恆星列表 Richmond, Michael. Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars. Rochester Institute of Technology. November 10, 2004 [2007-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-04）.  Boss, Alan. Are They Planets or What?. Carnegie Institution of Washington. 2001-04-03 [2006-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-28）.  §3, Heger, A.; Fryer, C. L.; Woosley, S. E.; Langer, N.; Hartmann, D. H. How Massive Single Stars End Their Life. Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 591 (1): 288–300. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591..288H. arXiv:astro-ph/0212469 . doi:10.1086/375341.  Reiners, A.; Basri, G. On the magnetic topology of partially and fully convective stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics. March 2009, 496 (3): 787–790. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. arXiv:0901.1659 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450.  Empirical bolometric corrections for the main-sequence （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, G. M. H. J. Habets and J. R. W. Heintze, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement 46 (November 1981), pp. 193–237. Why Does The Sun Shine? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, lecture, Barbara Ryden, Astronomy 162, Ohio State University, accessed on line June 19, 2007. Henry, T. J. The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems. Research Consortium On Nearby Stars. 1 January 2009 [21 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2012年5月13日）.  Astrodynamic Constants. JPL Solar System Dynamics. 2009-02-27 [2007-08-08]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）.  Whitney Clavin. A Planet With Planets? Spitzer Finds Cosmic Oddball. NASA. 2005-11-29 [2006-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2005-12-24）.  Luhman, K. L.; et al, Spitzer Identification of the Least Massive Known Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk, The Astrophysical Journal, February 2005, 620 (1): L51–L54, Bibcode:2005ApJ...620L..51L, arXiv:astro-ph/0502100 , doi:10.1086/428613  Luhman, K. L.; Allers, K. N.; Jaffe, D. T.; Cushing, M. C.; Williams, K. A.; Slesnick, C. L.; Vacca, W. D., Ophiuchus 1622-2405: Not a Planetary-Mass Binary, The Astrophysical Journal, April 2007, 659 (2): 1629–1636, Bibcode:2007ApJ...659.1629L, arXiv:astro-ph/0701242 , doi:10.1086/512539  Zechmeister, M.; Kürster, M.; Endl, M. The M dwarf planet search programme at the ESO VLT + UVES. A search for terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of M dwarfs. Astronomy and Astrophysics. October 2009, 505 (2): 859–871. Bibcode:2009A&A...505..859Z. arXiv:0908.0944 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912479.  "The Distance to the 2M1207 System" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Eric Mamajek, November 8, 2007. Accessed on line June 15, 2008. Demory, B.-O.; et al. Mass-radius relation of low and very low-mass stars revisited with the VLTI. Astronomy and Astrophysics. October 2009, 505 (1): 205–215. Bibcode:2009A&A...505..205D. arXiv:0906.0602 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911976.  SIMBAD query result HD 98230B. [2013-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-10）.  Mid-IR Observations of the Pleiades Brown Dwarfs Teide 1 & Calar 3 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Leech 2000) Research Consortium on Nearby Stars, Georgia State University. The 100 nearest star systems. RECONS. January 1, 2012 [2012-06-11]. （原始内容存档于2012年5月13日）.  2MASS J04151954-0935066 -- Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass). SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. [2012-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-14）.  Torres, Guillermo; et al. The Nearby Low-Mass Visual Binary Wolf 424. The Astronomical Journal. January 1999, 117 (1): 562–573. Bibcode:1999AJ....117..562T. doi:10.1086/300708.  Gliese 570 More Information Explained. [2013-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-21）.  The nearest stars: V1581 Cygni. [2013-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-14）.  Our Stellar Neighborhood: LHS 3003. [2013-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-15）.  Barbieri; De Marchi, G.; Nota, A.; Corrain, G.; Hack, W.; Ragazzoni, R.; MacChetto, D.; et al. First HST/FOC images of the low mass companion of the astrometric binary Gliese 623. Astronomy and Astrophysics (PDF)使用|format=需要含有|url= (帮助). 1996, 315 (1): 418–420. Bibcode:1996A&A...315..418B.  Determining the individual masses in triple system LHS 1070 (PDF). [2013-10-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-05）.  Pravdo; et al. An Ultracool Star's Candidate Planet (PDF). Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. June 2009 [2009-05-30]. Bibcode:2009ApJ...700..623P. arXiv:0906.0544 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/700/1/623. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-06-04）.  van Belle, Gerard T.; von Braun, Kaspar. Directly Determined Linear Radii and Effective Temperatures of Exoplanet Host Stars. The Astrophysical Journal. 2009, 694 (2): 1085–1098 [2013-10-21]. Bibcode:2009ApJ...694.1085V. arXiv:0901.1206 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/694/2/1085. （原始内容存档于2020-05-25）.  van Biesbroeck, G. The star of lowest known luminosity. The Astronomical Journal. August 1944, 51: 61–62 [2013-10-21]. Bibcode:1944AJ.....51...61V. doi:10.1086/105801. （原始内容存档于2021-12-23）.  Strassmeier, Klaus G., Starspots, The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, September 2009, 17 (3): 251–308, Bibcode:2009A&ARv..17..251S, doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0020-6  A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit, F. Pont, C. H. F. Melo, F. Bouchy, S. Udry, D. Queloz, M. Mayor, and N. C. Santos, Astronomy and Astrophysics 433, #2 (April 11, 2005), pp. L21–L24. Adams, F. C.; Laughlin, G.; Graves, G. J. M. Red Dwarfs and the End of the Main Sequence (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. 2004, 22: 46–49. Bibcode:2004RMxAC..22...46A. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-26）.  Qiu, H. M.; Zhao, G.; Chen, Y. Q.; Li, Z. W. The Abundance Patterns of Sirius and Vega. The Astrophysical Journal. 2001, 548 (2): 953–965. Bibcode:2001ApJ...548..953Q. doi:10.1086/319000.  Moravveji, Ehsan; Moya, Andres; Guinan, Edward F., Asteroseismology of the nearby SN-II Progenitor: Rigel. Part II. ε-mechanism Triggering Gravity-mode Pulsations?, The Astrophysical Journal, April 2012, 749 (1): 74–84, Bibcode:2012ApJ...749...74M, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/74  Remie H, Lamers HJGLM. Effective temperatures, and radii of luminous O and B stars - A test for the accuracy of the model atmospheres. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1982, 105 (1): 85–97 [2007-12-13]. Bibcode:1982A&A...105...85R.  Crowther, Paul A.; Schnurr, Olivier; Hirschi, Raphael; Yusof, Norhasliza; Parker, Richard J.; Goodwin, Simon P.; Kassim, Hasan Abu. The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M☉ stellar mass limit. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010, 408 (2): 731–751. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. arXiv:1007.3284 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x.