清齒齦塞擦音

清齒齦塞擦音（voiceless alveolar affricate）是塞音t和擦音s紧密结合形成的清塞擦音。汉语拼音的“z”（ㄗ）即表此音，而“c”（ㄘ）是對應送气音。 此音对应的浊音为浊齿龈塞擦音（[d͡z]） 調音方法是有噝塞擦音，即先完全阻止氣流，再將舌頭拉長，把氣流帶到牙齒的尖處造成更高頻率的湍流。 發聲類型是清音，意味着發音時聲帶並不顫動。 本輔音是口腔輔音（口音），表示調音時空氣只從口裡流出。 本輔音為中央輔音，調音時氣流在口腔的中央流過舌面，而不從兩側流過。 氣流機制是肺部氣流，即由肺與橫膈膜驱动空气。 精母、清母 Mangold (2005)，第50 and 52頁. Canepari (1992)，第75–76頁. Kozintseva (1995)，第6頁. Hualde, Lujanbio & Zubiri (2010:1頁)。尽管这论文主要讨论了戈伊苏埃塔方言，作者认为它"作为巴斯克语方言有一个典型而保守的辅音集"。 Padluzhny (1989)，第48-49頁. Lee & Zee (2003)，第109–110頁. Lin (2001)，第17–25頁. Palková (1994)，第234–235頁. Szende (1999)，第104頁. Jerzy Treder. Fonetyka i fonologia. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.  Kara (2002)，第10頁. Kara (2003)，第11頁. Nau (1998)，第6頁. Lunt (1952)，第1頁. Rocławski (1976)，第160頁. Ovidiu Drăghici. Limba Română contemporană. Fonetică. Fonologie. Ortografie. Lexicologie (PDF). [April 19, 2013]. [永久失效連結] Chew (2003)，第67頁. Kordić (2006)，第5頁. Landau et al. (1999)，第66頁. Pretnar & Tokarz (1980)，第21頁. S. Buk; J. Mačutek; A. Rovenchak. 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