神恩復興運動

神恩復興運動（Catholic Charismatic Renewal, CCR）是一個天主教會內主張復興聖神（即新教所稱的「聖靈」）恩寵的運動。神恩復興運動雖然名義上是復興中世紀以來不受天主教內主流認可的神恩，但實際上受到基督新教的靈恩派很深影響。1967年，杜肯大學的一些師生在參觀新教靈恩派教會後受到啓發，開始在天主教會內部推廣舌音祈禱（新教稱為「說方言」）、接受聖神的洗禮等概念。1975年，時任教宗保祿六世正式認可了神恩復興運動。截至2013年，大約有1.6億天主教徒參加了神恩復興運動。 神恩復興運動強調「在聖神內領受洗禮」。參與者常常在彌撒之外額外舉辦祈禱會。在這樣的祈禱會中，唱聖歌時教友會高舉雙手、用舌音禱告等等。此外，也會舉行覆手祈禱、聖神醫治等活動。一些神恩復興運動使用的聖歌因為較傳統的聖歌活潑，而被吸收到彌撒聖歌之中。 天主教會內部對神恩復興運動的看法不一。贊成派認為神恩復興有助於教友的靈修。保祿六世以來的歷任教宗都曾對神恩復興作出肯定，認為神恩復興在天主教教友的信仰生活中發揮了正面作用。 另外，贊成派認為神恩復興也有助於基督教合一運動。神恩復興能作為一個窗口（例如邀請新教的神職人員分享相關的體驗），加深天主教與其他新教派別的交流。 然而，也有反對意見認為神恩復興就是把靈恩派的理念搬進了天主教會，是披着天主教外殼的靈恩派，促使天主教徒逐步改宗為靈恩派新教。另外一些神恩復興運動者為了迎合當代信仰藝術而在教堂內移除了耶穌聖心和苦像等標誌也遭受了批評。 靈恩運動 神恩與靈恩在外語中是同一個詞，但是新教稱聖靈，而天主教稱聖神，因此中文產生了不同的名稱 Johnson, Todd M. Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity. Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary. 27 May 2020 [20 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-28） （English）. Charismatics usually describe themselves as having been ‘renewed in the Spirit’ and as experiencing the Spirit’s supernatural and miraculous and energizing power. They remain within, and also form organized renewal groups within, their historical non-Pentecostal denominations (Catholic, Orthodox or Protestant), instead of leaving to join Pentecostal denominations. The largest Charismatic movement today is the Catholic Charismatic renewal, found in significant numbers mainly across Latin America.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link) Hocken, Peter. The Challenges of the Pentecostal, Charismatic, and Messianic Jewish Movements: The Tensions of the Spirit. Ashgate Publishing. 2009: 58. ISBN 978-0-7546-6746-9 （English）. The spread of the charismatic movement to the Roman Catholic Church demonstrates most clearly both the distinctive character of charismatic renewal within historic churches and its major potential significance.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link) Csordas, Thomas J. Global religion and the re-enchantment of the world: The case of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal. Anthropological Theory. September 2007, 7 (3): 295–314. S2CID 144747312. doi:10.1177/1463499607080192.  Neitz, Mary Jo. Charisma and Community. New Jersey: Transaction. 1987: 214. ISBN 0887381308.  Ciciliot, Valentina. The Origins of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal in the United States: Early Developments in Indiana and Michigan and the Reactions of the Ecclesiastical Authorities. Studies in World Christianity. December 2019, 25 (3): 250–273. ISSN 1354-9901. doi:10.3366/swc.2019.0267  （英语）.  The Charismatic Renewal and the Catholic Church. www.catholicworldreport.com. [2023-06-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-17）.  王靜弘. 天主教內的神恩復興運動 (PDF). 神學論集. 1998, (117) [2023-06-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-06-17）.  Christ the King Catholic Church互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-05-07. The Holy See - Vatican web site. www.vatican.va. [2023-06-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-17）.  Wolfgang Vondey. Pentecostalism and Christian Unity: Ecumenical Documents and Critical Assessments. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 2010. ISBN 978-1-62189-716-3 （English）. The charismatic renewal is the most broadly-based ecumenical phenomenon in present-day Christianity that engages Christians of all traditions.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link) Hocken, Peter; Richie, Tony L.; Stephenson, Christopher A. (编). Pentecostal Theology and Ecumenical Theology: Interpretations and Intersections. Brill Publishers. 16 September 2019: 45. ISBN 978-90-04-40837-1 （English）.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link) Charismatics in Context （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Ignitum Today. Published: 30 January 2014. Charismatics in Context （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Ignitum Today. Published: 30 January 2014. Christian Millenarianism: From the Early Church to Waco （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） By Stephen Hunt, page 164 Pick and mix. The Economist. March 14, 2015 [January 24, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-01）.  Teresa Barrett, "Beware RENEW," Christian Order, February 2003. [2013-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-24）.