美国刑法领域重要判例列表

本条目收录美国法院作出的在刑法领域内具有里程碑意义的重大影响力判例。“具有里程碑意义”判例通常是对宪法及法律中富有争议性的法律问题作出了重要的解释和指引，其通过以下多种方式对法律的解释做出改变： 确立一项重要的新法律原则或新概念； 因某项在先案例中存在负面影响或缺陷而将其推翻； 从在先的法律原则中发展出更完善的新原则，在不违反尊重先例的原则下做出有区别的新判例； 确立一项可验证或可衡量的标准，供法院在未来的审判中应用。 美国绝大多数具有重要影响力的判例均来自美国联邦最高法院。如最高法院不受理上诉或决定直接采用下级法院的判例，美国上诉法院的一些判决也会具有里程碑意义（如史密斯诉柯林案）。而各州最高法院做出的不少判决尽管在本州范围内具有重要影响力，但只有极少数具有革命性意义的案例会被其他州的法院所借鉴参考。 以下判例按照所涉及的法律领域及权利分类。 美国公民权领域重要判例列表 判例法 美国最高法院 民权运动 种族歧视 女权主义 堕胎争议 美国宪法 232 US 383 Fremont Weeks v. United States | OpenJurist. Open Jurist. [2017-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-09） （英语）.  Killian, B. J. United States v. Crews: Fruit of the Poisonous Tree—A New Wrinkle?. Idaho Law Review. 1982, 18: 151. ISSN 0019-1205 （英语）.  Brown v. Mississippi, 297 U.S. 278 (1936). Justia US Supreme Court Center. 1936-02-17 [2019-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-06） （英语）.  Stewart, Potter. The Road to Mapp v. Ohio and beyond: The Origins, Development and Future of the Exclusionary Rule in Search-and-Seizure Cases. Columbia Law Review. 1983, 83 (6): 1365–1404. JSTOR 1122492. doi:10.2307/1122492 （英语）.  Aron Hogden, Reconciling A Split of Authority: A South Dakota Response to Recent Developments in Drunk Driving Law, 59 S.D. L. Rev. 372, 373 (2014) (describing Schmerber v. California as a "landmark case"); see also Kelsey P. Black, Undue Protection Versus Undue Punishment: Examining the Drinking & Driving Problem Across the United States （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 40 Suffolk U. L. Rev. 463, 469 (2007) (describing Schmerber v. California as a "watershed case" in the nation's Fourth Amendment jurisprudence). Kerr, Orin S. Four Models of Fourth Amendment Protection. Stanford Law Review. 2007, 60 (2): 503–52. JSTOR 40040415 （英语）.  Harris, David A. Frisking Every Suspect: The Withering of Terry. U.C. Davis Law Review. 1994, 28 (1): 1–52 [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-02） （英语）.  含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link) Mancusi v. DeForte. [2022-07-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-11） （英语）.  Frampton, T. Ward. Bivens's Revisions: Constitutional Torts After Minneci v. Pollard (PDF). California Law Review. 2012, 100 (6): 1711–1744 [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-07-02） （英语）.  The Story of the United States vs. United States District Court (Keith): The Surveillance Power. [2022-07-19]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-12）.  Epstein, Lee. . "Illinois v. Gates." Constitutional Law for a Changing America.Third Ed. 1998: 490 （英语）.  Arcila, Fabio. Special Needs and Special Deference: Suspicionless Civil Searches in the Modern Regulatory State. Administrative Law Review. 2004, 56: 1228 [2020-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-10） （英语）.  McFeatters, Ann Carey. Sandra Day O'Connor: Justice in the Balance. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. 2005: 162. ISBN 978-0-8263-3218-9 （英语）. O'connor v. Ortega.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Arnold, T. L. Constitutionality of Random Drug Testing of Student Athletes Makes the Cut…but Will the Athletes?. Journal of Law & Education. 1996, 25 (1): 190. ISSN 0275-6072 （英语）.  Ohio v. Robinette. [2022-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-14） （英语）.  Board of Ed. of Independent School Dist. No. 92 of Pottawatomie Cty. v. Earls. [2022-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-07） （英语）.  The Supreme Court, 2005 Term — Leading Cases, （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 120 Harv. L. Rev. 163 (2006). Rules of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, via Federation of American Scientists (PDF). [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-07-17）.  Department of Justice. United States v. Jones (Petition for Writ of Certiorari) (PDF). 2010 [2021-02-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-10-21） （英语）.  Adam Lamparello. Riley v. California: A Pyrrhic Victory for Privacy?. U. Ill. J.L. Tech. & Pol'y. 2015 （英语）.  Caminker, Evan. Location Tracking and Digital Data: Can Carpenter Build a Stable Privacy Doctrine?. Supreme Court Review. 2019-05-01, 2018: 411–481 [2020-11-09]. ISSN 0081-9557. doi:10.1086/702164. （原始内容存档于2020-11-22） （英语）.  Klarman, Michael J. The Racial Origins of Modern Criminal Procedure. Michigan Law Review. 2000, 99 (1): 48–97 [2023-04-04]. JSTOR 1290325. doi:10.2307/1290325. （原始内容存档于2022-07-03） （英语）.  Eric M. Albritton. Race-Conscious Grand Juror Selection: The Equal Protection Clause and Strict Scrutiny. American Journal of Criminal Justice. 2003, 31: 175–207 （英语）.  Betts v. Brady | law case. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2021-06-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-18） （英语）.  Gideon v. Wainwright. LII / Legal Information Institute. [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-12） （英语）.  Romans, Neil T. The Role of State Supreme Courts in Judicial Policy Making: Escobedo, Miranda and the Use of Judicial Impact Analysis. The Western Political Quarterly (University of Utah). 1974, 27 (1): 38–59. JSTOR 446394. doi:10.2307/446394 （英语）.  Baker, Liva. Miranda: Crime, law, and politics. New York: Atheneum. 1983. ISBN 978-0-689-11240-9 （英语）.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) In re Gault (PDF). [2022-07-07]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-27） （英语）.  Court questions Michigan v. Jackson. SCOTUSblog. 27 March 2009 [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-07） （英语）.  The Right to Counsel, Weakened (NYT Editorial). [2022-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-26） （英语）.  Rigg, Robert R. The T-Rex without Teeth: Evolving Strickland v. Washington and the Test for Ineffective Assistance of Counsel. Pepperdine Law Review. 2007, 35 (1): 77–105 （英语）.  Gabriel J. Chin & Margaret Colgate Love. Status as Punishment: A Critical Guide to Padilla v. Kentucky. Criminal Justice: 21. [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04） （英语）.  Charles Weisselberg and Stephanos Bibas. The Right to Remain Silent. 159 U. Pa. L. Rev. PENNumbra 69 (2010). [2016-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-19） （英语）.  Denniston, Lyle. Opinion recap: If you want to claim the Fifth .... SCOTUSblog. 2013-06-17 [2013-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-30） （英语）.  Dusky v. United States (PDF). [2022-07-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-27） （英语）.  Rogers v. Okin 478 F.Supp.1342(D.Mass.1979), 634. psychlaws.org. [2008-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-21） （英语）.  Executing the Mentally Ill: The Criminal Justice System and the Case of Alvin Ford. Sage. 1993-06-25 [2007-10-03]. ISBN 9780803951501. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04） （英语）.  Perlin, Michael L. 'Dignity was the First to Leave': Godinez v. Moran, Colin Ferguson, and the Trial of Mentally Disabled Criminal Defendants. Behavioral Sciences & the Law. 1996, 14 (1): 61–81 [2023-04-04]. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0798(199624)14:1<61::AID-BSL226>3.0.CO;2-G. （原始内容存档于2022-07-17） （英语）.  Application of Sell v. United States -- Etheridge and Chamberlain 34 (2): 248 -- Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online. www.jaapl.org. [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-28） （英语）.  Kahler v. Kansas (PDF). [2022-07-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-18） （英语）.  Raymond Bonner. Forever Guantánamo. The New York Review of Books. 2008-04-17 [25 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24） （英语）.  Supreme Court of the United States. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (Oral Argument Transcript) (PDF). 2004-04. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2004-06-16） （英语）.  George Clooney To Direct Matt Damon In Aaron Sorkin's War On Terror. MTV. September 23, 2009. （原始内容存档于September 23, 2009） （英语）.  RESPONDENTS' RESPONSE TO COURT'S AUGUST 7, 2006 ORDER (PDF). United States Department of Defense. August 15, 2006 [2008-06-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-06-27） （英语）.  Gilbert King. The Execution of Willie Francis: Race, Murder, and the Search for Justice in the American South,. New York: Basic Civitas. 2008 （英语）.  Hull, Elizabeth. Guilty On All Counts. Social Policy. January 2010, 39 (4): 11–25, 15p. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） （英语）.  Liebman, James S. Slow Dancing with Death: The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment, 1963–2006. Columbia Law Review. 2006, 107 (1): 1–130. JSTOR 40041708 （英语）.  Coker v. Georgia (PDF). [2022-07-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-27） （英语）.  Enmund v. Florida (PDF). [2022-07-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-27） （英语）.  Alvin Ford, 37, Dies; Stricken on Death Row. 1991-03-09 [2016-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-13） （英语）.  Member of infamous Tison gang in line for execution in Arizona. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Associated Press. 1997-01-20 [May 28, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-10） （英语）.  McCleskey v. Kemp (1987). New Georgia Encyclopedia on-line. 2004 （英语）.  Bradley, Curtis A. Breard, Our Dualist Constitution, and the Internationalist Conception. Stanford Law Review. 1999, 51 (3): 529–566 [2023-04-04]. JSTOR 1229264. doi:10.2307/1229264. （原始内容存档于2019-12-20） （英语）.  Cohen, Andrew. At Last, the Supreme Court Turns to Mental Disability and the Death Penalty. The Atlantic. 2013-10-22 [2013-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-07） （英语）.  Roper v. Simmons. [2022-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-20） （英语）.  Baze v. Rees (PDF). [2022-07-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-08-14） （英语）.  Joint Appendix, Kennedy v. Louisiana (Case 07-343) (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States: 3. [May 4, 2014]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-10-20） （英语）.  Malone, Linda A. The Death Knell for the Death Penalty and the Significance of Global Realism to Its Abolition from Glossip v. Gross to Brumfield v. Cain. Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy. 2016, 11 (1–2): 107–44 [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-18） （英语）.  Barnes, Robert. Divided Supreme Court rules against death-row inmate with rare condition. The Washington Post. April 1, 2019 [August 20, 2020]. （原始内容存档于August 20, 2020） （英语）.  Morrissey et al. v. Brewer, Warden, et al. Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit No. 71-5103 (PDF). US Supreme Court. 1972-06-29 [2019-05-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-27） （英语）.  Gagnon v. Scarpelli (PDF). [2022-07-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-27） （英语）.  Due Process: Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974). Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology. 1974, 65 (4): 476–82 [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-05） （英语）.  Kirby, David. When They Come for You: How Police and Government Are Trampling Our Liberties - and How to Take Them Back --> Chapter Debtors Prison V.S. U.S. Constitution. St. Martin's Press. 2019-10-29. ISBN 9781250064363. （原始内容存档于April 13, 2021） （英语）.  Apprendi v. New Jersey (PDF). [2022-07-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-27） （英语）.  Berman, Douglas; Chanenson, Steven. The Real (Sentencing) World: State Sentencing in the Post-Blakely Era (PDF). Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law. 2006, 4: 27. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-05-11） （英语）.  Liptak, Adam, Justices Limit Life Sentences for Juveniles, New York Times, 2010-05-17 [2023-04-04], （原始内容存档于2022-07-19） （英语）  Savage, David G. Supreme Court rules mandatory juvenile life without parole cruel and unusual. The Los Angeles Times. 2012-06-25 [2012-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-21） （英语）.  de Vogue, Ariana. Supreme Court says unanimous jury verdicts required in state criminal trials for serious offenses. CNN. 2020-04-20 [2020-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-26） （英语）.  Hartman, Gary; Mersky, Roy M.; Tate, Cindy L. Landmark Supreme Court Cases: The Most Influential Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. New York: Facts on File. 2004: 180 [2019-03-31]. ISBN 9781438110363. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04） （英语）.  Moore et al. v. Dempsey. [2022-07-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-05） （英语）.  Sorrells v. United States (PDF). [2022-07-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-27） （英语）.  Gilbert G. Garcia; Hunter J. White. Anniversary of Chambers v. Florida: Confessions through Duress must be Suppressed. The Gilbert G. Garcia Law Firm. 2018-02-12 [2020-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-20） （英语）.  Associate Professor David Wolitz. Georgetown Law Faculty Working Papers: "The Stigma of Conviction: Coram Nobis, Civil Disabilities, and the Right to Clear One’s Name" (July 2009), at pages 5 and 6.. Georgetown University Law Center. （原始内容存档于2020-12-26） （英语）.  Robinson v. California. law.jrank.org. Law Library - American Law and Legal Information. [2020-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-19） （英语）.  Kim, Jonathan. Brady Rule. Legal Information Institute. [2021-04-08]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-02） （英语）.  Brooks, Brian P. A New Speedy Trial Standard for Barker v Wingo: Reviving a Constitutional Remedy in an Age of Statutes. University of Chicago Law Review. 1994, 61 (2): 587–611. JSTOR 1600046 （英语）.  Friedman, Richard D. Adjusting To Crawford: High Court Restores Confrontation Clause Protection. Crim. Just. 2004, 19: 4. ISSN 0047-2352 （英语）.