SRY基因

SRY基因（sex-determining region of Y-chromosome，全称：Y染色体性别决定区），又名睪丸決定因子，（英語：Testis-determining factor，簡稱TDF）是人体Y染色体上的一段基因片段，该基因是决定男性睾丸发育的主要基因。存在于Y染色体的短臂末端上。 该基因由Sinclair在1990年发现。 有些人宣稱，SRY基因就是唯一一个性别决定基因，因此可以通过寻找该基因片段，达到判断测试者的性别的目的，若样本中存在该基因表示受试者是男性，否則为女性。然而一篇有一千六百餘名科學家簽名的聲明（包括700 名生物學者、100名遺傳學者、9名諾貝爾獎得主）指出：目前不存在任何方式可以準確地判斷生理性別，且即使有辦法判斷，也不應該因此限制人們追求不同的自我認同。 簡單來說，在懷孕期間，分佈於生殖嵴上的原基性腺的雙功能細胞同時具備分化成男性腺細胞或者女性腺細胞的能力。而睪丸決定因子就會啟動男性專用的轉錄因子，令這些細胞開始分裂，並分化成為睪丸。 TDF會上調表達SOX9這個具有同TDF相近的DNA結合位的轉錄因子。SOX9會上調成纖維細胞生長因子9，而成纖維細胞生長因子9反過來上調SOX9。这样，SOX9最終上升到合適的濃度，於是性腺上的雙功能細胞就會開始分化成塞爾托利氏細胞。另外，有表達TDF的細胞持續生長去形成原基睪丸。 Eif2s3y基因 CBX2基因（英语：CBX2 (gene)） GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000184895 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000069036 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.  Mouse PubMed Reference:. 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