吉茲語

吉茲語（英語：Geʽez，/ˈɡiːɛz/）或格厄茲語（吉茲語：ግዕዝ，Gəʿəz，國際音標：[ɡɨʕɨz]），又稱古典衣索比亞語，是一種古代的語言，現在只作宗教用途。這種語言在東非洲的非洲之角、衣索比亞高原之上發展。 /æ/ in the Amharic liturgical pronunciation, or /ɐ/ (as in Tigrinya). According to Lambdin. ä [æ] < Proto-Semitic *a u [u:] < Proto-Semitic *ū i [i:] < Proto-Semitic *ī a [a:] < Proto-Semitic *ā e [e:] < Proto-Semitic *ay ə [ɨ] < Proto-Semitic *i, *u o [o:] < Proto-Semitic *aw [ɨ]是閉央不圓唇元音，勿與閉前不圓唇元音[i]混淆。 Evans De Lacy O'Leary, 2000 "Comparative grammar of the semitic languages". Routledge. P 23. Gene Gragg 1997. "The Semitic Languages". Taylor & Francis. Robert Hetzron Ed. ISBN 978-0-415-05767-7. "No longer in popular use, Ge'ez has always remained the language of the Church", [CHA] "They read the Bible in Geez" (Leaders and Religion of the Falashas); "after each passage, recited in Geez, the translation is read in Kailina" (Festivals). [PER]. Note the publication date of this source. 唐作藩. 中国语言文字学大辞典. 中国大百科全书出版社. 2007: 6. ISBN 9787500076803.  簡明大英百科全書. 臺灣中華書局. 1988: 56, 625.  Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh Geez. 牛津英語詞典 (第三版). 牛津大學出版社. 2005-09 （英语）.  洪放. 死海古卷. 揭示二千年前聖經真貌（下）. 基督教週報. No. 2487 (香港華人基督教聯會). 2012-04-22 [2020-09-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-20） （中文（繁體））.  Gragg 1997a，第177頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGragg1997a (help): "/ä/ is low central front, higher and more forward than /a/, secondarily perhaps also shorter; approximates IPA [æ]." Lambdin 1978，第3頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLambdin1978 (help): "a [æ, ä]" Lambdin 1978，第3頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLambdin1978 (help): "ā [a, ɑ]" [BUD] Budge, E. A. Wallis. 1928. A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia, Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970. CHA Chain, M. Ethiopia transcribed by: Donahue M. in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V. Published 1909. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, May 1, 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. + John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York [DIR] Diringer, David. 1968. The Alphabet, A Key To The History of Mankind. [KOB] Kobishchanov, Yuri M. 1979. Axum in SomeCollectionOfWritings[來源請求], edited by Joseph W. Michels; translated by: Lorraine T. Kapitanoff. University Park, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. ISBN 978-0-271-00531-7. MAT Matara Aksumite & Pre-Aksumite City Webpage MUN（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Munro-Hay Stuart. 1991. Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh: University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-0106-6. [PAN68] Pankhurst, Richard K.P. 1968.An Economic History of Ethiopia, 1800-1935, Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press. PAN03 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pankhurst, Richard K.P. A Glimpse into 16th. Century Ethiopian History Abba 'Enbaqom, Imam Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim, and the "Conquest of Abyssinia". Addis Tribune. November 14, 2003. PER （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Perruchon, J. D. and Gottheil, Richard. Falashas in The Jewish Encyclopidia. 1901-1906. 語法 Aläqa Tayyä, Maṣḥafa sawāsəw. Monkullo: Swedish Mission 1896/7 (=1889 according to the Ethiopian calendar). Dillmann, August; Bezold, Carl, Ethiopic Grammar, 2nd edition translated from German by James Crichton, London 1907. ISBN 978-1-59244-145-7 (2003 reprint). (Published in German: ¹1857, ²1899). Kidanä Wäld Kəfle, Maṣḥafa sawāsəw wagəss wamazgaba ḳālāt ḥaddis ("A new grammar and dictionary"), Dire Dawa: Artistik Matämiya Bet 1955/6 (=1948 according to the Ethiopian calendar). Lambdin, Thomas O., Introduction to Classical Ethiopic, Harvard Semitic Studies 24, Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press 1978. ISBN 978-0-89130-263-6. Stefan Weninger, Ge'ez grammar, Munich, ISBN 978-3-929075-04-5 (1st edition), ISBN 978-3-89586-604-3 (2nd revised edition). Gene Gragg Ge`ez Phonology, in: Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Vol 1), ed. A. S. Kaye & P. T. Daniels, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, Indiana (1997). 文學 Taddesse Adera, Ali Jimale Ahmed (eds.), Silence Is Not Golden: A Critical Anthology of Ethiopian Literature, Red Sea Press (1995), ISBN 978-0-932415-47-9. Jon Bonk, Annotated and Classified Bibliography of English Literature Pertaining to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Atla Bibliography Series, Scarecrow Pr (1984), ISBN 978-0-8108-1710-4. 詞典 Dillmann, August, Lexicon linguæ Æthiopicæ cum indice Latino, Lipsiae 1865. Leslau, Wolf, Comparative Dictionary of Geez (Classical Ethiopic): Geez-English, English-Geez, with an Index of the Semitic Roots, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1987. ISBN 978-3-447-02592-8. idem, Concise Dictionary of Ge`ez (Classical Ethiopic), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1989. ISBN 978-3-447-02873-8. Ludolf, Hiob, Lexicon Aethiopico-Latinum, Ed. by J. M. Wansleben, London 1661. Wemmers, J., Lexicon Aethiopicum, Rome 1638. 吉茲語盲文（英语：Ge'ez Braille） 吉茲字母 阿克苏姆帝国 衣索比亞曆 衣索比亞聖歌（英语：Ethiopian chant）(Zema/Ethiopian liturgical chant) 厄利垂亞語言（英语：Languages of Eritrea） 厄利垂亞文學（英语：Eritrean literature） 塞格拉的吉約吉斯（英语：Giyorgis of Segla）(Giyorgis of Gesecha/Abba Giyorgis) 科普特音樂（英语：Coptic music） A blog on Classical Ethiopic (Ge'ez)（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） J. M.Harden, An Introduction to Ethiopic Christian Literature (1926) Unicode Chart（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Senamirmir Projects: Free Ethiopic Font (Win32, MacOS, Linux) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Bible in Ge'ez （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Researcher identifies second-oldest Ethiopian manuscript in existence in HMML’s archives （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Walta Information Center（英语：Walta Information Center） (10 December 2010) LIBRARY OF ETHIOPIAN TEXTS Äthiopische Texte Ethiopic Character Entry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Dr. Aberra Molla ዶ/ር ኣበራ ሞላ Collection of Ge'ez proverbs Collection of Ge'ez qine