环节动物门

环节动物门（學名：Annelida）是动物界的一个门，该门动物为两侧对称、同律分节的裂生体腔动物，有的具疣足和刚毛，多闭管式循环系统、链式神经系统。常见环节动物有：蚯蚓、蚂蟥（又称水蛭）、沙蚕等。 环节动物的消化系统由口，咽，食道，腺囊，肌肉胃，中肠和肛门组成，循环系统由心脏，腹背两套血管和滋养器官的小型侧边血管组成。 每一个体节里有两个后肾管，它们负责收集前一体节的体液。体液通过肾孔流到下一体节，途中经过盘曲的肾管，直到膀胱。然后通过肾孔排出体外。终尿里面是含氮的物质。而无机盐则会被肾管上皮重吸收回到血液。为了平衡通过皮肤吸收的水分，尿液会稀释得很厉害。每天可排出約体重的60%稀薄尿液。后肾管被腹膜“绑”着固定于体腔壁上。 环节动物的繁殖能力非常强：体节的分离和出芽生殖的无性生殖。但有性生殖也很重要。多毛纲的动物大多是雌雄异体。而原环虫纲则是雌雄同体。 见：环节动物分类表 本门包括以下纲： 环带纲 Clitellata 多毛纲 Polychaeta 纲和目的地位未定的科： Amphinomea Antillesomatidae Cloudinidae Hercolepadidae Hrabeiellidae Lepidocoelidae Lobatocerebridae Rhynchobdellae Siphonosomatidae 纲、目和科的地位未定的属： Acritobdella Ringuelet, 1978 Adaetobdella Ringuelet, 1978 Adenobdella Leidy, 1885 Albione Savigny, 1822 Ambalodus Branson & Mehl, 1933 Ancyrobdella Oka, 1917 Anoculobdella Weber, 1915 Anoigmaichnus Vinn, Wilson, Mõtus & Toom, 2014 Argyrobdella Cordero, 1937 Asabellarifex Klähn, 1932 Astacobdella Moquin-Tandon, 1846 Aulacodus Pander, 1856 Aulacostomum Grube, 1850 Aulozoon Gehling & Runnegar, 2022 Bakedebdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Barbarodina Stauffer, 1935 Belodus Pander, 1856 Blennobdella Blanchard, 1849 Bransonella Harlton, 1933 Cardiodus Branson & Mehl, 1933 Caribeobdella Ringuelet, 1976 Centrognathus Branson & Mehl, 1935 Cephalopus Gronov, 1762 Chenidrilus Song, 1994 Clepsinides Augener, 1926 Cololites Agassiz, 1836 Colombobdella Mane-Garzon, 1973 Conphytobdella Richardson, 1975 Crossopodia M'Coy, 1851 Cymatobranchus Selensky Dacnobdella Ringuelet, 1978 Dactylobdella van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Dagarobdella Finogenova & Snimschikova, 1991 Dartevellida Sciacchitano, 1939 Democedes Kinberg, 1866 Dermobdella Philippi, 1867 Dichognathus Branson & Mehl, 1933 Diplotuba Badve & Ghare, 1984 Dualigenys Courtinat, 1998 Dubichaetaspis Eriksson, 1998 Dundjibdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Epsteinia Utevsky, 1994 Erpobdelliformes Sawyer, 1986 Eubranchella Baird, 1869 Exochleius Rafinesque, 1819 Ganymedes Leigh-Sharpe, 1915 Glossobdella de Blainville, 1827 Glossophora Gray, 1831 Glossopora Johnson, 1817 Gnatho Goldfuss, 1820 Gnathodella Matern, 1933 Goel Oken, 1815 Granelia Harant & Verniéres, 1936 Gyrognathus Stauffer, 1935 Haemobdella Brandt, 1911 Haemocharis Savigny, 1822 Haemonis Bernouilli, 1849 Hararbdella Sciacchitano, 1941 Haughtonia Kinahan, 1859 Helluo Oken, 1815 Helminthodes Marsh, 1864 Herpetonites Otto, 1855 Heterognathus Stauffer, 1935 Hippobdella de Blainville, 1827 Hirudella Münster, 1842 Histioderma Kinahan, 1858 Huananoserpula Xu, Lin & Wang, 1992 Hybobdella Weyenbergh, 1879 Hylacobdella Sciacchitano, 1935 Hypsobdella Weber, 1915 Icthyodus Harris & Hollingsworth, 1933 Idiobdella Harding, 1913 Idrisobdella Leigh-Sharpe, 1933 Igriodus Branson & Mehl, 1933 Imbricina Rovereto, 1904 Ischyracanthus Marsh, 1865 Jatrobdella de Blainville, 1827 Jennaria Rieger, 1991 Lapillitubus Belaústegui & Belaústegui, 2017 Lapispira Lange, 1932 Lecthaylus Weller, 1925 Lepodus Branson & Mehl, 1933 Leptostoma Whitman, 1886 Lobina Moquin-Tandon, 1846 Lonchodus Pander, 1856 Lonchosaccus Ruedemann, 1925 Maghrebiella Baha & Berra, 2001 Maiabdella Ringuelet, 1980 Malayabdella Richardson, 1975 Matadibdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Meanderovaleichnus Cónsole-Gonella & Aceñolaza, 2014 Micrapium Thorell, 1870 Microstoma Whitman, 1885 Miskoia Walcott, 1911 Moluccabdella Richardson, 1975 Mongbwalubdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Monopus Gosse, 1855 Mooreotorix Lukin, 1976 Moquinia Blanchard, 1888 Multidentodus Harlton, 1933 Myrianites MacLeay, 1839 Nemapodia Emmons, 1846 Nosamia Rafinesque, 1814 Nothognathella Branson & Mehl, 1933 Oikobesalon Thomas & Smith, 1998 Oliveiriana Maury, 1927 Ophibdella Beneden & Hesse, 1863 Ornataporta Gardner, 1916 Ortonia Nicholson, 1872 Pachysomia Kilwinning-Smith, 1907 Palaeobdella Blainville, 1829 Palaeohirudo Kozur, 1970 Palaeonereis Eichwald, 1856 Palaeorbis Beneden & Coemans, 1867 Palmatodella Bassler, 1925 Paltodus Pander, 1856 Panderodella Ulrich & Bassler, 1926 Parapontobdella Harant, 1929 Paratorix Lukin & Epshtein, 1960 Pentabdella Llewellyn, 1966 Pharyngobdelliformes Caballero, 1952 Phormio Goldfuss, 1820 Pilothylakos Manum, Bose & Sawyer, 1991 Pinacobdella Diesing, 1850 Plagiodina Cooper, 1933 Plagiogmus Roedel, 1929 Plectospathodus Branson & Mehl, 1933 Podobdella Diesing, 1850 Podoclepsis Dequal, 1916 Polodorites Douvillé, 1907 Polycaulodus Branson & Mehl, 1933 Polygnathodella Harlton, 1933 Polyupsilon Howell, 1957 Prioniodella Bassler, 1925 Prionocanthus Pander, 1856 Pseudobdella Blainville, 1827 Pyrgopolopsis Rovereto, 1903 Sabellarites Dawson, 1890 Sabellarites Richter, 1920 Sanguisuga Bruguière, 1789 Schlegelia Weyenbergh, 1880 Sciobdella Richardson, 1971 Scolopodella Stauffer & Plummer, 1932 Scorpaenobdella Saint-Loup, 1886 Scotlandia Cossmann, 1909 Semiscoloides Sawyer, 1986 Serpulina Zborzevski, 1834 Serpuloides Murchison, 1839 Skolekichnus Ellenberger, 1974 Sphagodus Eichwald, 1854 Spinacoleus Schallreuter, 1985 Stephanodella Matern, 1933 Suabdella Subcordylodus Stauffer, 1935 Subprioniodus Smith, 1907 Sulcichnus Martinell & Domenech, 2009 Synprioniodina Bassler, 1925 Telumodina Cooper, 1931 Tentaculina Zborzewski, 1834 Tetralysis Eudes-DesLongchamps, 1878 Thartharella Elliot, 1980 Tortoniodus Stauffer, 1935 Trachelobdella Moore, 1957 Trachyderma Phillips, 1848 Tribothrynobdella Ringuelet, 1976 Trigonobdella Sciacchitano, 1939 Tristabdella Richardson, 1975 Trucherognathus Branson & Mehl, 1933 Trulliodbella Brinkmann, 1948 Typhlobdella Diesing, 1850 Urotheca Matthew, 1899 Valentia Smith, 1907 Vermicularis Borson Vermiculites Bronn, 1848 Virgulaxonia Yin, 1937 Wenghuiia Wang & Wang, 2008 Worthenella Walcott, 1911 Zhang, Zhi-Qiang. Animal biodiversity: An update of classification and diversity in 2013. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa. 2013-08-30, 3703 (1): 5 [2018-03-02]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.3. （原始内容存档于2019-04-24）.  Annelida. GBIF. [2023-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-29）.  维基共享资源中相關的多媒體資源：环节动物门（分類）