植物配種

植物配種（英語：Plant breeding）是指透過改變植物的特徵而產生所期望的特性的藝術和科學。植物配種現使用於為人類和動物改善產品中營養的品質。 植物育種的目標是培育出具有獨特和優越性狀、適合各種應用的作物品種。最常被提及的農業性狀是那些與生物和非生物脅迫耐受性、穀物或生物量產量、最終用途品質特徵（例如味道或特定生物分子（蛋白質、糖、脂質、維生素、纖維）的濃度）以及易於加工有關的特性。 植物育種可以透過許多不同的技術進行，從簡單地選擇具有所需繁殖特性的植物，到利用遺傳學和染色體知識的方法，再到更複雜的分子技術。植物中的基因決定了其具有何種類型的質量或數量性狀。植物育種者努力創造特定的植物結果和潛在的新植物品種，並在此過程中將該品種的遺傳多樣性縮小到特定的幾種生物型。 Breeding Field Crops. 1995. Sleper and Poehlman. Page 3 Hartung, Frank; Schiemann, Joachim. Precise plant breeding using new genome editing techniques: opportunities, safety and regulation in the EU. the plant journal. [2018-02-27]. doi:10.1111/tpj.12413. （原始内容存档于2019-12-14）.  Willy H. Verheye (编). Plant Breeding and Genetics. Soils, Plant Growth and Crop Production Volume I. Eolss Publishers. 2010: 185. ISBN 978-1-84826-367-3.  Hayes, Patrick M.; Castro, Ariel; Marquez-Cedillo, Luis; Corey, Ann; Henson, Cynthia; Jones, Berne L.; Kling, Jennifer; Mather, Diane; Matus, Ivan; Rossi, Carlos; Sato, Kazuhiro. Genetic diversity for quantitatively inherited agronomic and malting quality traits. Roland von Bothmer; Theo van Hintum; Helmut Knüpffer; Kazuhiro Sato (编). Diversity in Barley (Hordeum vulgare). Amsterdam Boston: Elsevier. 2003: 201–226. ISBN 978-0-444-50585-9. ISSN 0168-7972. OCLC 162130976. doi:10.1016/S0168-7972(03)80012-9. ISBN 1865843830.  McCouch, S. Diversifying Selection in Plant Breeding. PLOS Biol. 2004, 2 (10): e347. PMC 521731 . PMID 15486582. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020347 .  Briggs, F.N. and Knowles, P.F. 1967. Introduction to Plant Breeding. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York. Curry, Helen Anne. Evolution Made to Order: Plant Breeding and Technological Innovation in Twentieth-Century America (ISBN 9780226390116) U of Chicago Press, 2016. x, 285 pp. Gepts, P. A Comparison between Crop Domestication, Classical Plant Breeding, and Genetic Engineering. Crop Science. 2002, 42 (6): 1780–1790. doi:10.2135/cropsci2002.1780 .  The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication – The Harlan Symposium Schlegel, Rolf (2009) Encyclopedic Dictionary of Plant Breeding 2nd ed. (ISBN 9781439802427), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 584 Schlegel, Rolf (2007) Concise Encyclopedia of Crop Improvement: Institutions, Persons, Theories, Methods, and Histories (ISBN 9781560221463), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 423 Schlegel, Rolf (2014) Dictionary of Plant Breeding, 2nd ed., (ISBN 978-1439802427), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis Group, Inc., New York, USA, pp 584 Schouten, Henk J.; Krens, Frans A.; Jacobsen, Evert. Do cisgenic plants warrant less stringent oversight?. Nature Biotechnology. 2006, 24 (7): 753. PMID 16841052. S2CID 8087798. doi:10.1038/nbt0706-753 .  Schouten, Henk J.; Krens, Frans A.; Jacobsen, Evert. Cisgenic plants are similar to traditionally bred plants. EMBO Reports. 2006, 7 (8): 750–753. PMC 1525145 . PMID 16880817. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400769.  Sun. From indica and japonica splitting in common wild rice DNA to the origin and evolution of Asian cultivated rice. Agricultural Archaeology: 21–29.  Thro, A.M.; Spillane, C. (1999) Biotechnology assisted participatory plant breeding: Complement or contradiction? CGIAR Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis, Working Document No.4, CIAT: Cali. 150pp. Deppe, Carol. Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties. Chelsea Green Publishing. 2000.  Vaschetto, Luis M. (编). Cereal Genomics. Methods in Molecular Biology 2072. 2020. ISBN 978-1-4939-9864-7. ISSN 1064-3745. S2CID 82398463. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9865-4 （英国英语）.  Plant Breeding and Genomics eXtension Community of Practice – education and training materials for plant breeders and allied professionals Plant Breeding Updates Hybridization of Crop Plants – large practical reference on plant hybridization Infography about the History of Plant Breeding Glossary of plant breeding terminology by the Open Plant Breeding Foundation National Association of Plant Breeders (NAPB) The Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building – GIPB FAO/IAEA Programme Mutant Variety Database FDA Statement of Policy – Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties A Breed Apart: The Plant Breeder's Guide to Preventing Patents through Defensive Publication by Cydnee V. Bence & Emily J. Spiegel, 2019