雪马里战斗

雪马里战斗也称临津江战役，是朝鲜战争第五次战役期间发生在临津江下游的一次战斗，交战双方为中国人民志愿军和以英国第29步兵旅为主的联合国军。 根据不同的史料，雪马里战斗的范围和结果存在不同的解释。根据中国的官方历史，中国第63军消灭格洛斯特郡第1营被认为是一个重要的胜利，尽管由于韩国第一步兵师的防御，使得第64军和第65军未能消灭整个英国第29独立步兵旅并攻占首尔，这是一个严重的挫折。另一方面，韩国对雪马里战斗的贡献仅被韩国官方历史记载得很少，但历史学家 Allan R. Millet 认为，在经历了1950年至1951年间的严重失败之后，韩国第一步兵师在战斗中的表现证明了韩国军队的潜力。英国方面认为，第29旅面对中国第63军做出了不可避免的牺牲，最终阻止了中国占领首尔。不管这些解释如何，历史学家张曙光和安德鲁·萨尔蒙的独立研究得出的结论是，第29旅的行动扰乱了中国的前进，足以影响朝鲜战争第五次战役的结果。 Chinese Military Science Academy 2000，第317–18頁. Chae, Chung & Yang 2001，第xii頁. Farrar-Hockley 1990，第136頁. Salmon 2009，第317頁. Zhang 1995，第149–50頁. Villahermosa 2009，第125頁. Belgians Can Do Too! The Belgian-Luxembourg Battalion in the Korean War, Brussels: Museum of the Army and of Military History: 42, 2010, ISBN 978-2-87051-050-6  Villahermosa 2009，第104頁. Paik 1992，第138頁. Chinese Military Science Academy 2000，第375頁 Chinese Military Science Academy 2000，第312–13頁 Chae, Chung & Yang 2001，第613頁. Salmon 2009，第129頁. Salmon 2009，第262頁. Millett 2010，第434, 441頁，Excerpt reads: "Despite [a low estimate of] 30,000 casualties, most of them in the 19th Army Group on the approaches to Seoul, Peng Dehuai could not call off the ill considered offensive that he had never believed would be successful.". 3d Infantry Division, Section III, Narrative of Operations, American actions during the Battle of Imjin River (command report), The National Archives, April 1951 [15 April 2008], Catalogue reference WO 308/47, （原始内容 (précis)存档于2021-08-04） . Appleman, Roy, Ridgway Duels for Korea, Military History Series 18, College Station, TX: Texas A and M University, 1990, ISBN 0-89096-432-7 . Catchpole, Brian, The Korean War, London: Constance & Roninson, 2000, ISBN 1-84119-413-1 . Chae, Han Kook; Chung, Suk Kyun; Yang, Yong Cho, Yang, Hee Wan; Lim, Won Hyok; Sims, Thomas Lee; Sims, Laura Marie; Kim, Chong Gu; Millett, Allan R , 编, The Korean War, Volume II, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-8032-7795-3 . Chinese Military Science Academy, 抗美援朝战争史 [History of War to Resist America and Aid Korea], Volume II, Beijing: Chinese Military Science Academy Publishing House, 2000, ISBN 7-80137-390-1 （中文） . Cunningham, Cyril, No Mercy, No Leniency: Communist Mistreatment of British Prisoners of War in Korea, Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Leo Cooper, 2000, ISBN 0-85052-767-8 . Farrar-Hockley, Anthony, Official History: The British Part in the Korean War, I. A distant obligation, London, ENG, UK: HMSO, 1990, ISBN 0-11-630953-9 . ———, Official History: The British Part in the Korean War, II. An honourable discharge, London, ENG, UK: HMSO, 1995, ISBN 0-11-630958-X . ———, 15. The Post War Army 1945–1963, Chandler, David G; Beckett, IFW (编), The Oxford history of the British army, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-19280311-5 . Fehrenbach, T. R., This kind of war: the classic Korean War history, Brassey's, 2001, ISBN 1-57488-334-8 . Harding, E D, The Imjin Roll 4th, Rushden, Northamptonshire, England: Forces & Corporate Publishing, Jan 2011 [2021-07-12], ISBN 9780952959762, （原始内容存档于2021-08-03） . Hastings, Max, The Korean War 1st, Simon & Schuster, November 1987, ISBN 978-0-671-52823-2  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link). Malkasian, Carter, A History of Modern Wars of Attrition, Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002, ISBN 0-275-97379-4 . Millett, Allan R, The War for Korea, 1950–1951: They Came From the North, Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7006-1709-8 . Mossman, Billy C, Ebb and Flow: November 1950 – July 1951, United States Army in the Korean War, Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1990 [2021-07-12], ISBN 978-1-4102-2470-5, （原始内容存档于2021-01-29）  本文含有此來源中屬於公有领域的内容。 Paik, Sun Yup, From Pusan to Panmunjom, Riverside, NJ: Brassey, 1992, ISBN 0-02-881002-3  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Salmon, Andrew, To the Last Round: The Epic British Stand on the Imjin River, London, UK: Aurum Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1-84513-408-2  Salmon, Andrew, To The Last Round: The Epic British Stand on the Imjin River, Korea 1951, Aurum, 2010 [2021-07-12], ISBN 978-1-84513-831-8, （原始内容存档于2021-04-11） （英语）  Shrader, Charles R, Communist Logistics in the Korean War, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995, ISBN 0-313-29509-3  Stueck, William W, The Korean War: An International History, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-691-03767-1  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Villahermosa, Gilberto N, Honor and Fidelity: The 65th Infantry in Korea, 1950–1953, Washington, DC: United States Army Center of Military History, 2009 [9 November 2010], （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）  Xu, Yan (徐焰), 第一次较量：抗美援朝战争的历史回顾与反思 [First Confrontation: Reviews and Reflections on the History of War to Resist America and Aid Korea], Beijing: Chinese Radio and Television Publishing House, 1990, ISBN 7-5043-0542-1 （中文）  Zhang, Shu Guang, Mao's Military Romanticism: China and the Korean War, 1950–1953, Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1995, ISBN 0-7006-0723-4