舌形動物類

舌形动物類（學名：Pentastomida），又称五口动物類，是动物界的一个分類。属于無脊椎動物，介乎於环节动物和节肢动物之间，均為寄生性動物。其特徵是体软、扁而长，无色，透明，无足。身長從數毫米到十數厘米，体表分近百个清晰的节段，内部却并不分节。舌形動物均為雌雄异体的專性寄生物：牠們的身體没有呼吸系统、排泄系统（英语：Excretory system）和循环系统，虫体前端口部突出，呈椭圆形，周围有兩對可伸缩的钩，用以附着在寄主组织上。 本物種的名稱是因為從其部分物種的外型酷似脊椎動物的舌頭，因而為名；而其學名及另一名稱「五口動物」的來源，則是因為其口器的五個鈎，好像有五個口一樣，因而為名。這五個「鈎」，其實只有一個是真的口器、其餘四個只是顎足。過往由於對本分類物種的分類不明，單單從外形來判斷，所以將其歸類到門一層。後來到了2001年，研究證據顯示五口動物實為退化了的寄生性節肢動物，本物種生物跟其他物種的關係得到確認，所以被降至歸入成為顎足綱的一員，是為舌形亞綱。隨著顎足動物的分類被重組，舌形亞綱亦被重新分類，成為了寡甲總綱魚介形綱的成員。 現時本分類有物種約130個，皆為被動式寄生物，其部分解剖結果為退化性。成年的舌蟲長約1至14厘米（0.4至5.5英寸） ，多數於宿主的呼吸系統黏付着。 以下為这是马丁和戴维斯在2001年成立的分类，将五口动物置于甲壳亚门顎足綱。以下包含现存的目、超科、科、属和种： 頭行目 Cephalobaenida Heymons, 1935 Cephalobaenidae Heymons, 1922 Cephalobaena Heymons, 1922 Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922 孔头舌虫目 Porocephalida Linguatuloidea Linguatulidae Haldeman, 1851 Linguatula Frölich, 1789 Linguatula arctica Riley, Haugerud & Nilssen, 1987 Linguatula multiannulata Haffner & Rack in Haffner, Rack & Sachs, 1969 Linguatula recurvata (Diesing, 1850) Linguatula serrata Frölich, 1789 Neolinguatula Haffner & Rack in Haffner, Rack & Sachs, 1969 Neolinguatula nuttalli (Sambon, 1922) Subtriquetridae Fain, 1961 Subtriquetra Sambon, 1922 Subtriquetra megacephalum (Baird, 1853) Subtriquetra rileyi Junker, Boomker & Booyse, 1998 Subtriquetra shipleyi Hett, 1924 Subtriquetra subtriquetra (Diesing, 1836) 孔頭舌蟲總科 Porocephaloidea 孔头舌虫科 Porocephalidae Sambon, 1922 舌蟲屬 Armillifer Sambon, 1922 Armillifer aborealis Riley & Self, 1981 Armillifer agkistrodontis Self & Kuntz, 1966 Armillifer armillatus (Wyman, 1845) Armillifer australis Heymons, 1935 Armillifer grandis (Hett, 1915) Armillifer mazzai (Sambon, 1922) Armillifer moniliformis (Diesing, 1836) Armillifer yoshidai Kishida, 1928 Cubirea Kishida, 1928 Cubirea annulata (Baird, 1853) Cubirea pomeroyi (Woodland, 1921) Elenia Heymons, 1932 Elenia australis Heymons, 1932 Gigliolella Chabaud & Choquet, 1954 Gigliolella brumpti (Giglioli, 1922) Kiricephalus Sambon, 1922 Kiricephalus clelii Riley & Self, 1980 Kiricephalus coarctatus (Diesing, 1850) Kiricephalus constrictor Riley & Self, 1980 Kiricephalus gabonensis Riley & Self, 1980 Kiricephalus pattoni (Stephens, 1908) Kiricephalus tortus (Shipley, 1898) Parasambonia Stunkard & Gandal, 1968 Parasambonia bridgesi Stunkard & Gandal, 1968 Parasambonia minor Riley & Self, 1982 Porocephalus Humboldt, 1812 Porocephalus basiliscus Riley & Self, 1979 Porocephalus benoiti Fain, 1960 Porocephalus bifurcatus Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845) Porocephalus crotali Humboldt, 1812 Porocephalus dominicana Riley & Walters, 1980 Porocephalus stilesi Sambon in Vaney & Sambon, 1910 Porocephalus subuliferum (Leuckart, 1860) Porocephalus taiwana Qiu, Ma, Fan & Lu, 2005 Porocephalus tortugensis Riley & Self, 1979 Waddycephalus Sambon, 1922 Waddycephalus calligaster Riley & Self, 1981 Waddycephalus komodoensis Riley & Self, 1981 Waddycephalus longicauda Riley & Self, 1981 Waddycephalus porphyriacus Riley & Self, 1981 Waddycephalus punctulatus Riley & Self, 1981 Waddycephalus radiata Riley & Self, 1981 Waddycephalus scutata Riley & Self, 1981 Waddycephalus superbus Riley & Self, 1981 Waddycephalus teretiusculus (Baird, 1862) Waddycephalus vitiensis Heymons, 1932 Sebekidae Sambon, 1922 Alofia Giglioli in Sambon, 1922 Alofia ginae Giglioli in Sambon, 1922 Alofia indica (von Linstow, 1906) Alofia merki Giglioli 'in Sambon, 1922 Alofia nilotici Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1995 Alofia parva Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1995 Alofia platycephalum (Lohrmann, 1889) Alofia simpsoni Riley, 1994 Alofia travassosi (Heymons, 1932) Diesingia Sambon, 1922 Diesingia kachugensis (Shipley, 1910) Diesingia megastomum (Diesing, 1836) Selfia Riley, 1994 Selfia porosus Riley, 1994 Leiperia Sambon, 1922 Leiperia australiensis Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1996 Leiperia cincinnalis (Sambon in Vaney & Sambon, 1910) Leiperia gracilis (Diesing, 1836) Sambonia Noc & Giglioli, 1922 Sambonia clavata (Lohrmann, 1889) Sambonia parapodum Self & Kuntz, 1966 Sambonia solomenensis (Self & Kuntz, 1957) Sambonia varani (Self & Kuntz, 1957) Sambonia wardi (Sambon in Vaney & Sambon, 1910) Agema Riley et al., 1997 Agema silvaepalustris Riley et al., 1997 Pelonia Junker & Boomker, 2002 Pelonia africana Junker & Boomker, 2002 Sebekia Sambon, 1922 Sebekia cesarisi Giglioli in Sambon, 1922 Sebekia divestei Giglioli in Sambon, 1922 Sebekia johnstoni Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990 Sebekia microhamus Self & Rego, 1985 Sebekia minor (Wedl, 1861) Sebekia mississippiensis Overstreet, Self & Vliet, 1985 Sebekia multiannulata Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990 Sebekia novaeguineae Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990 Sebekia okavangoensis Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1995 Sebekia oxycephalum (Diesing, 1836) Sebekia purdieae Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990 Sebekia trinitatis Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990 Raillietiellida Almeida & Christoffersen, 1999 Raillietiellidae Sambon, 1922 Raillietiella Sambon, 1910 Raillietiella aegypti Ali, Riley & Self, 1982 Raillietiella affinis Bovien, 1927 Raillietiella agcoi Tubangui & Masiluñgan, 1936 Raillietiella ampanihyensis Gretillat, Brygoo & Domergue, 1962 Raillietiella amphiboluri Mahon, 1954 Raillietiella belohaensis McAllister, Riley, Freed & Freed, 1993 Raillietiella bicaudata Heymons & Vitzthum, 1935 Raillietiella boulengeri (Vaney & Sambon, 1910) Raillietiella bufonis Ali, Riley & Self, 1982 Raillietiella cartagenensis Ali, Riley & Self, 1985 Raillietiella chamaeleonis Gretillat & Brygoo, 1959 Raillietiella colubrilineati (Leuckart, 1860) Raillietiella congolensis Fain, 1961 Raillietiella crotali Ali, Riley & Self, 1984 Raillietiella freitasi (Motta & Gomes, 1968) Raillietiella furcocercum (Diesing, 1836) Raillietiella gehyrae Bovien, 1927 Raillietiella gigliolii Hett, 1924 Raillietiella gowrii Rajalu & Rajendran, 1970 Raillietiella hebitihamata Self & Kuntz, 1960 Raillietiella hemidactyli Hett, 1934 Raillietiella indica Gedoelst, 1921 Raillietiella kochi Heymons, 1926 Raillietiella mabuiae Heymons, 1922 Raillietiella maculatus Rao & Hiregaudar, 1962 Raillietiella maculilabris Ali, Riley & Self, 1984 Raillietiella madagascariensis McAllister et al., 1993 Raillietiella mediterranea (Hett, 1915) Raillietiella monarchus Ali, Riley & Self, 1984 Raillietiella morenoi Abreu-Acosta et al., 2006 Raillietiella mottae Almeida, Freire & Lopes, 2008 Raillietiella namibiensis Riley & Heideman 1998 Raillietiella orientalis (Hett, 1915) Raillietiella piscator Nair, 1967 Raillietiella rileyi Krishnasamy et al., 1995 Raillietiella schoutedeni Fain, 1960 Raillietiella scincoides Ali, Riley & Self, 1984 Raillietiella spiralis Hett, 1924 Raillietiella teagueselfi Riley, McAllister & Freed, 1988 Raillietiella tetrapoda (Gretillat, Brygoo & Domergue, 1962) Raillietiella trachea Riley, Oaks & Gilbert, 2003 Raillietiella venteli (Motta, 1965) Yelirella Spratt, 2010 Yelirella petauri (Spratt, 2010) Reighardiida Almeida & Christoffersen, 1999 Reighardiidae Heymons, 1926 Hispania Martínez et al., 2004 Hispania vulturis Martínez et al., 2004 Reighardia Ward, 1899 Reighardia lomviae Dyck, 1975 Reighardia sternae (Diesing, 1864) Boxshall, Geoff. 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