直布罗陀包围战

直布罗陀包围战（英语：Great Siege of Gibraltar）是美国独立战争期间的一場戰役，西班牙王國和法蘭西王國为从英国夺取直布罗陀而进行的一场战斗。在围困近四年后直布罗陀仍在英军的控制下，包围战并未能获得成功。 Syrret 2006，第105頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSyrret2006 (help) Chartrand & Courcelle 2006，第86頁. Chartrand & Courcelle 2006，第18–22頁. Norwich 2006，第394頁. Montero 1860，第339頁. Chartrand & Courcelle 2006，第63頁:‘Of 7,500 men in the Gibraltar garrison in September (including 400 in hospital), some 3,430 were always on duty’ Monti 1852，第133頁. Falkner 2009，第156頁. Montero 1860，第338頁. Montero 1860，第356頁. Chartrand & Courcelle 2006，第79頁. Chartrand & Courcelle 2006，第79 ‘some 30,000 sailors in the combined fleet’頁. Chartrand & Courcelle 2006，第49頁. Clodfelter, Micheal. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015, 4th ed. McFarland. 2017: 132. ISBN 978-0786474707.  Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy. Gibraltar: The Greatest Siege in British History. Hachette UK. 2017. ISBN 9781408708682.  Allison, David K; Ferreiro, Larrie D (编). The American Revolution: A World War. Smithsonian Institution. 2018 [2022-06-07]. ISBN 9781588346599. （原始内容存档于2022-06-15）.  Bemis, Samuel Flagg. The Diplomacy of the American Revolution. Read Books Ltd. 2012. ISBN 9781447485155.  Bond, Peter, Gibraltar's Finest Hour: The Great Siege, 1779–1783, 300 Years of British Gibraltar, 1704–2004, Peter-Tan, 2003  Chartrand, René; Courcelle, Patrice. Gibraltar 1779–1783: The Great Siege. Gibraltar: Osprey. 2006 [2022-06-07]. ISBN 978-1-84176-977-6. （原始内容存档于2007-09-27）.  Clodfelter, Micheal. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th ed. McFarland. 2017. ISBN 978-0786474707.  Cuhaj, George S; Michael, Thomas. 2012 Standard Catalog of World Coins 2001 to Date. Krause Publications. 2011. ISBN 9781440215759. [失效連結] Davenport, Frances Gardiner; Paullin, Charles Oscar. European Treaties Bearing On the History of the United States and Its Dependencies 2015. Andesite Press. 1917: 168. ISBN 978-1298827005.  Davis, Paul K. Besieged: 100 Great Sieges from Jericho to Sarajevo. Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 9780195219302.  Drinkwater, John. A history of the siege of Gibraltar: With a description and account of that garrison, from the earliest periods. T. Nelson. 1905.  Dupuy, Richard Ernest; Hammerman, Gay M; Hayes, Grace P. The American Revolution, a Global War. D. Mckay Company. 1977. ISBN 9780679506485.  Eggenberger, David. An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present Dover Military History, Weapons, Armor. Courier Corporation. 2012. ISBN 9780486142012.  Falkner, James, Fire Over The Rock: The Great Siege of Gibraltar 1779–1783, Pen and Sword, 2009, ISBN 9781473814226  Ferreiro, Larrie D. Brothers at Arms: American Independence and the Men of France and Spain Who Saved It. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2016. ISBN 9781101875254.  Finlayson, Darren. The fortifications of Gibraltar: 1068–1945. Oxford [u.a.]: Osprey. 2006. ISBN 978-1-84603016-1.  Gardiner, Robert. Gibraltar: the second relief and after, 1781−1782. Navies and the American Revolution, 1775−1783. Chatham Publishing. 1997. ISBN 1-55750-623-X.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link) Hagist, Don N. The Greatest Siege. Journal of the American Revolution. Bruce H. Franklin. 2014 [31 August 2020]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-13）. There were many sieges during the American Revolution …Yorktown … [beginning in 1779] Gibraltar.  Harding, Richard. The Emergence of Britain's Global Naval Supremacy: The War of 1739–1748. Boydell & Brewer. 2010. ISBN 9781843835806.  Harvey, Robert. A Few Bloody Noses: The American Revolutionary War. Robinson. 2004. ISBN 9781841199528.  Hoock, Holger. Empires of the Imagination: Politics, War, and the Arts in the British World, 1750–1850. Profile Books. 2010. ISBN 9781861978592.  Hughes, Quentin; Migos, Athanassios. Strong as the Rock of Gibraltar. Gibraltar: Exchange Publications. 1995. OCLC 48491998.  Kochin, Michael S; Taylor, Michael. An Independent Empire: Diplomacy & War in the Making of the United States. University of Michigan Press. 2020. ISBN 9780472054404.  Lavery, Brian. Nelson's Victory: 250 Years of War and Peace. Seaforth Publishing. 2015. ISBN 9781473854949.  Mackesy, Piers. The War for America: 1775–1783. Bison Books. 1992. ISBN 9780803281929.  Mahan, Arthur T. Major Operations of the Royal Navy, 1762–1783. Boston: Little, Brown. 1898: 449. OCLC 46778589. langara.  Miller, Hunter (编). Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America: 1776-1818  (Documents 1-40) II. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1931 [2022-06-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-07）.  Montero, Francisco Maria. Historia de Gibraltar y de su campo. Imprenta de la Revista Médica. 1860 （西班牙语）.  Monti, Ángel María. Historia De Gibraltar: Dedicada A SS. AA. RR., Los Serenisimos Señores Infantes Duques De Montpensier. Juan Moyano. 1852 [1 June 2020].  Morris, Richard Brandon (编). John Jay: The winning of the peace: unpublished papers, 1780-1784 Volume 2. Harper & Row. 1975. ISBN 9780060130480.  Murphy, Orville T. Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes: French Diplomacy in the Age of Revolution, 1719–1787. SUNY Press. 1982. ISBN 9780873954839.  Norwich, John Julius. The Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean. Random House. 2006.  Pratt, Julius William. A History of United States Foreign Policy. Prentice-Hall. 1971. ISBN 9780133923162.  Rodger, Nicholas. The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. London. 2006.  Richmond, Herbert William. The Navy in the War of 1739–48: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. 2012. ISBN 9781107690059.  Simms, Brendan. Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714–1783. Allan Lane. 2007. ISBN 978-0713-99426-1.  Stephens, Frederic. A history of Gibraltar and its sieges. Provost & Co. 1870.  Stockley, Andrew. Britain and France at the Birth of America: The European Powers and the Peace Negotiations of 1782-1783. University of Exeter Press. 2001. ISBN 9780859896153.  Sugden, John. Nelson: A Dream of Glory. London. 2004. ISBN 022406097X. OCLC 56656695.  Syrett, David. Admiral Lord Howe: A Biography. London. 2006.  Uxó, José Palasí. Referencias en torno al bloqueo naval durante los asedios. Almoraima. 2007, (34) （西班牙语）.  Continental Congress: Remarks on the Provisional Peace Treaty. U.S. National Archives. 1783 [15 July 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-21）.  British-American Diplomacy — Preliminary Articles of Peace; November 30, 1782. Yale Law School, Avalon Project. 1782 [15 July 2020]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-08）.  British-American Diplomacy, The Paris Peace Treaty 1783 and Associated Documents. The Avalon Project. Yale Law School. [30 July 2020]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-29）. His Brittanic Majesty acknowledges the said United States