粪锈伞科

粪锈伞科（學名：Bolbitiaceae），也稱糞傘科，是担子菌门伞菌目的一個科，於1948年由洛夫·辛格定義。截至2008年共有17個屬，包含287個物種。本科物種的蕈傘表面具有由拟子实层型（hymenoderm）的菌蓋皮。蕈傘形狀為圓形至鐘形，質地脆弱，顏色則白色、淺黃、褐色與棕色皆有，蕈柄一般為細長形，有些基部稍微膨大，某些物種具有內蓋膜。擔孢子為黃棕色、肉桂色或紅褐色，頂部有萌發孔，表面平滑或有飾物。。許多屬的子實體形狀與小菇屬的種類相似。 2002年一篇大規模的種系發生學研究以核糖體大次單元的基因序列分析傘菌目下各類群的親緣關係，結果顯示粪锈伞科與疣孢斑褶菇属、花褶傘屬（英语：Panaeolus）等斑褶菇亚科（Panaeoloideae）的類群關係較為接近。 本科包括以下属： 田头菇属 Agrogaster D.A.Reid, 1986 糞銹傘屬 Bolbitius Fr. 锥盖伞属 Conocybe Fayod, 1889 Cyphellopus Fayod Cyttarophyllopsis R.Heim, 1968 Descolea Singer, 1952 Descomyces Bougher & Castellano Galerella Earle 胄腹菌属 Galeropsis Velen. Gastrocybe Watling Gymnoglossum Massee, 1891 疣孢斑褶菇属 Panaeolina Maire 斑褶菇属 Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél., 1872 Pholiotella Speg. Pholiotina Fayod Pholiotina alba (Enderle) Hauskn. & Enderle Pholiotina altoandina Singer Pholiotina arnoldsii Hauskn. Pholiotina atrocyanea Esteve-Rav., Hauskn. & Rejos Pholiotina blattaria (Fr.) Fayod Pholiotina caricicola Singer Pholiotina cyanopus (G.F.Atk.) Singer Pholiotina cyanopus G.F.Atk. Pholiotina dasypus (Romagn.) P.-A.Moreau Pholiotina estevei Hauskn., 2011 Pholiotina flava (Peck) Hauskn., Krisai & Voglmayr Pholiotina galerinoides Contu Pholiotina glutinosa E.Horak & Hauskn. Pholiotina gracilenta (Watling & G.M.Taylor) J.A.Cooper Pholiotina indica K.A.Thomas, Hauskn. & Manim. Pholiotina longistipitata E.F.Malysheva & Kiyashko Pholiotina maireiaffinis Singer Pholiotina mediterranea Siquier & Salom Pholiotina microspora Singer Pholiotina peronata Kühner & Maire ex Singer, 1951 Pholiotina pilosa E.Horak, Hauskn. & Desjardin Pholiotina pleurocystidiata Hauskn. & Krisai Pholiotina plumbeitincta (G.F.Atk.) Hauskn., Krisai & Voglmayr Pholiotina pseudoampullaceocystis Karich Pholiotina resinosocystidiata E.Horak & Hauskn. Pholiotina rimosa (Velen.) Hauskn. & Svrček Pholiotina rostraticystidiata E.Ludw. Pholiotina sphagnicola Pholiotina striipes (Cooke) Singer Pholiotina sulcata Arnolds & Hauskn. Pholiotina teneroides (J.E.Lange) Singer Pholiotina veregregia Contu Pholiotina vesiculosa E.Horak & Hauskn. Pholiotina viscidula Contu Pluteolus (Fr.) Gillet, 1876 Ptychella Roze & Boudier, 1879 Rhodoarrhenia Singer, 1964 Setchelliogaster Pouzar Timgrovea Bougher & Castellano, 1993 Tubariella E.Horak & Hausknecht, 2002 Tubariopsis R.Heim, 1931 Tympanella E.Horak, 1971 Wielandomyces J.Raithelhuber, 1988 真菌主题 Singer R. New and interesting species of Basidiomycetes. II. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences. 1948, 32: 103–150 (see p. 147).  Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2008: 96. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.  Donald M. Huffman. Mushrooms and Other Fungi of the Midcontinental United States. University of Iowa Press. 2008: 55. ISBN 1587297256.  Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Redhead SA, Johnson JE, James TY, Catherine Aime M, Hofstetter V, Verduin SJ, Larsson E, Baroni TJ, Greg Thorn R, Jacobsson S, Clémençon H, Miller OK Jr. One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 23 (3): 357–400 [2018-10-21]. PMID 12099793. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. （原始内容存档于2018-03-24）.  G. BURENBAATAR, HAN-BING SONG & TOLGOR BAU. Pholiotina sphagnicola sp. nov. (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from Mongolia. Phytotaxa Vol. 649 No. 2: 20 May 2024