電腦裝置頻寬列表

這是一個電腦裝置頻寬列表，列出一般電腦裝置的信道容量，即轉輸數據的（理論上）最高轉送速度，以千位元每秒（kbit/s/kbps）、百萬位元每秒（Mbit/s/Mbps）、十億位元每秒（Gbit/s/Gbps）或兆位元每秒（Tbit/s/Tbps）表示。以下每按裝置的功能分組，按信道容量由小至大排列。 為方便非技術人員比較頻寬的大小，每類頻寬都有一個公用單位，例如電話頻寬為 1.2 kbit/s，其中一種舊式數據機的頻寬為 56 kbit/s。使用位元每秒（bit/sec）或位元組每秒（Byte/sec）則視乎一般人慣用哪一個。慣用的單位在列表中以粗體表示。一般來說，并行通訊介面用位元每秒（bit/sec），串行通訊則用位元組每秒（Byte/sec）。至於類似數據機的裝置中，基於用作分隔每一位元組（Byte）的 和 Stop bit，一位元組可能含有超過八個位元（bit），以下的列表已經有考慮這一點。而如果有像乙太網路、SATA，與PCI Express等使用到調變技術的通道，列出的頻寬速度則是表示調變後的訊號速度。 很多以下的數據只是例出理論上最快的傳送速度，有很多的因素都會令傳送速度減低。同時以下數據只表示半雙工傳送速度，可能與生產商聲稱的全雙工度有所出入。 附註：以下所有數據單位以公制（以10為基數）表示： 1 Bytes = 8 bits 1 kbit = 1,000 bits 1 kB = 1,000 Bytes 1 MB = 1,000,000 Bytes 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 Bytes 1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 Bytes 1 PB = 1,000,000,000,000,000 Bytes 1 EB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 Bytes 1 ZB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Bytes 1 YB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Bytes 如此類推。 需要注意的是這些數據是理論上能提供的最高速度，而實際上會因為像雜訊干擾等因素而會比較慢一些。如果有出現兩個頻寬，前者表示下載頻寬，後者則是表示上傳頻寬。 這些數據是理論上能提供的最高速度，而實際上會因為像雜訊干擾等因素而會比較慢一些。如果有出現兩個頻寬，前者表示下載頻寬，後者則是表示上傳頻寬。 這些數據是理論上能提供的最高速度，而實際上會因為像雜訊干擾等因素而會比較慢一些。如果有出現兩個頻寬，前者表示下載頻寬，後者則是表示上傳頻寬。 由於檔頭與其他因素，承載資料的吞吐量是小於實際資料傳輸量，所以不要將速度與實際資料傳輸率混為一談。「通常實際速度會因為當前流量而降至 1/3-2/3 的速度。而且，如果發生任何傳輸問題而使得實體層發生重新傳送的狀況時，吞吐量也會因而受影響。」 802.11 都是半雙工形式的網路。在存取點模式，所有的承載資料都要經過 AP。當兩台電腦要用同一台 AP 相互通訊時，所有的承載資料都要二次傳輸：第一次從發出者到 AP，再來從 AP 發送到接收者，這將使實際頻寬折半。 雙通道頻寬是理論上能夠達到的最大頻寬值，並不表示實際操作會有相等的效能提升。在許多方面，雙通道（2 倍頻寬）的效能與單通道的效能相近。 位元率 Comparison of latency and throughput 球鞋網路 TTY uses a Baudot code, not ASCII. This uses 5 bits per character instead of 8, plus one start and approx. 1.5 stop bits (7.5 total bits per character sent). Data communication over the telephone network. [2008-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-27）.  Morse can transport 26 alphabetic, 10 numeric and one interword gap plaintext symbols. Transmitting 37 different symbols requires 5.21 bits of information (25.21=37). A skilled operator encoding the benchmark "PARIS" plus an interword gap (equal to 31.26 bits) at 40 wpm is operating at an equivalence of 20.84 bit/s. WPM, or Words Per Minute, is the number of times the word "PARIS" is transferred per minute. Strictly speaking the code is quinary, accounting inter-element, inter-letter, and inter-word gaps, yielding 50 binary elements (bits) per one word. Counting characters, including inter-word gaps, gives six characters per word or 240 characters per minute, and finally four characters per second. All modems are wrongly assumed to be in serial operation with 1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit (2 stop bits for 110-鮑率 modems). Therefore, currently modems are wrongly calculated with transmission of 10 bits per 8-bit byte (11 bits for 110-鮑率 modems). Although the serial port is nearly always used to connect a modem and has equivalent data rates, the protocols, modulations and error correction differ completely. 數據機 Types and Timeline, Daxal Communications, 2003-12-16 [2009-04-16], （原始内容存档于2008-10-08）  ITU-T Recommendations: V Series: Data communication over the telephone network. ITU. [2008-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-27）.  56K modems: V.90 and V.92 have just 5% overhead for the protocol signalling. The maximum capacity can only be achieved when the upstream (service provider) end of the connection is digital, i.e. a DS0 channel. Note that effective aggregate bandwidth for an ISDN installation is typically higher than the rates shown for a single channel due to the use of multiple channels. A basic rate interface (BRI) provides two "B" channels and one "D" channel. Each B channel provides 64 kBit/s bandwidth and the "D" channel carries signaling (call setup) information. B channels can be bonded to provide a 128 kbit/s data rate. Primary rate interfaces (PRI) vary depending on whether the region uses E1 (Europe, world) or T1 (North America) bearers. In E1 regions, the PRI carries 30 B-channels and one D-channel; in T1 regions the PRI carries 23 B-channels and one D-channel. The D-channel has different bandwidth on the two interfaces. Massey, David, Timeline of Telecommunications, Telephone Tribute, 2006-07-04 [2009-04-16], （原始内容存档于2021-02-27）  Adam.com.au. [2017-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-07）.  Recommendation G.991.1 (10/98). ITU. [2017-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-04）.  DOCSIS 1.0 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-06-13. includes technology which first became available around 1995–1996, and has since become very widely deployed. DOCSIS 1.1 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-06-13. introduces some security improvements and Quality of Service (QoS). DOCSIS 2.0 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-09-04. specifications provide increased upstream throughput for symmetric services. DOCSIS 3.0 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-06-19. includes support for channel bonding and IPv6. G.983.2. ITU. [2017-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-05）.  DOCSIS 3.1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） is currently in development by the Cablelabs Consortium G.984.4 : Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (G-PON). ITU. [2017-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-16）.  G.987 : 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical network (XG-PON) systems. ITU. [2017-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-04）.  Most operators only support up to 9600bit/s SDSL is available in various speeds. ADSL connections will vary in throughput from 64 kbit/s to several Mbit/s depending on configuration. Most are commonly below 2 Mbit/s. Some ADSL and SDSL connections have a higher digital bandwidth than T1 but their rate is not guaranteed, and will drop when the system gets overloaded, whereas the T1 type connections are usually guaranteed and have no contention ratios. Satellite internet may have a high bandwidth but also has a high latency due to the distance between the modem, satellite and hub. One-way satellite connections exist where all the downstream traffic is handled by satellite and the upstream traffic by land-based connections such as 56K modems and ISDN. 引用错误：没有为名为DOCSIS 30的参考文献提供内容 Ethernet throughput. [2008-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-26）.  "MoCA 1.1 improves throughput" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） over coaxial cable to 175 Mbits/s versus the 100 Mbits/s provided by the MoCA 1.0 specification. FireWire natively supports TCP/IP, and is often used at an alternative to Ethernet when connecting 2 nodes. Tweaktown.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Data rate comparison between FW and Giganet shows that FW's lower overhead has nearly the same throughput as Giganet. Unibrain.com 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-02-07. InfiniBand SDR, DDR and QDR use an 8b/10b encoding scheme. InfiniBand FDR-10, FDR and EDR use a 64b/66b encoding scheme. Mac History. [2017-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-28）.  VAW: Apple IIgs Specs 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-01-10. The Zorro II bus use 4 clocks per 16-Bit of data transferred. See the Zorro III technical specification （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） for more information. C-Bus（日语：Cバス）, Bus used in early NEC PC-9800 series and compatible systems STD 32 Bus Specification and Designer's Guide (PDF). [2017-05-16]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-12-26）.  Local Area Networks Newsletter by Paul Polishuk, September 1992, Page 7 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (APbus used in Sony NeWS and NEC UP4800 workstations and NEC EWS4800 servers after VMEbus and before switch to PCI) Dave Haynie, designer of the Zorro III bus, claims in this （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） posting that the theoretical max of the Zorro III bus can be derived by the timing information given in chapter 5 of the Zorro III technical specification （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Dave Haynie, designer of the Zorro III bus, states in this （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） posting that Zorro III is an asynchronous bus and therefore does not have a classical MHz rating. A maximum theoretical MHz value may be derived by examining timing constraints detailed in the Zorro III technical specification （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, which should yield about 37.5 MHz. No existing implementation performs to this level. Dave Haynie, designer of the Zorro III bus, claims in this （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） posting that Zorro III has a max burst rate of 150 MB/s. Note that PCI Express 1.0/2.0 lanes use an 8b/10b encoding scheme. PCIe 2.0 effectively doubles the bus standard's bandwidth from 2.5 GT/s to 5 GT/s PCIe 3.0 increases the bandwidth from 5 GT/s to 8 GT/s and switches to 128b-130b encoding 存档副本. [2017-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-22）.  SCSI-1, SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 are signaling protocols and do not explicitly refer to a specific rate. Narrow SCSI exists using SCSI-1 and SCSI-2. Higher rates use SCSI-2 or later. minimum overhead is 38 byte L1/L2, 14 byte AoE per 1024 byte user data minimum overhead is 38 byte L1/L2, 20 byte IP, 20 byte TCP per 1460 byte user data Fibre Channel 1GFC, 2GFC, 4GFC use an 8b/10b encoding scheme. Fibre Channel 10GFC, which uses a 64B/66B encoding scheme, is not compatible with 1GFC, 2GFC and 4GFC, and is used only to interconnect switches. minimum overhead is 38 byte L1/L2, 14 byte AoE per 8192 byte user data minimum overhead is 38 byte L1/L2, 20 byte IP, 20 byte TCP per 8960 byte user data SATA and SAS use an 8b/10b encoding scheme. minimum overhead is 38 byte L1/L2, 36 byte FC per 2048 byte user data proprietary serial version of IEEE-488 by Commodore International 存档副本. [2017-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-19）.  FireWire (IEEE 1394b) uses an 8b/10b encoding scheme. Dent, Steve. USB 3.2 doubles your connection speeds with the same port. Engadget. 26 July 2017 [26 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-25）.  Shilov, Anton. USB4 Specification Announced: Adopting Thunderbolt 3 Protocol for 40 Gbps USB. www.anandtech.com. [2019-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-09）.  Scott Mueller. Upgrading and Repairing PCs. Que Publishing. Mar 7, 2013. Table 6.11: JEDEC Standard DDR4 Module (284-PIN DIMM) Speeds and Transfer Rate Interconnection Speeds Compared （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Need for Speed: Theoretical Bandwidth Comparison （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） — Contains a graph illustrating bandwidth speeds