双古堆遗址

双古堆是中国安徽省阜阳市附近的一处西汉早期墓葬遗址。1号墓葬属于汝陰侯夏侯灶，封于公元前165年。在1977年的发掘中，发现了大量汉简，内容有《诗经》与《楚辞》片断、年表、异于传世本的《易经》等。与马王堆和郭店这两处位于古楚国的墓葬一样，双古堆遗址的发掘为西汉早期的文化与习俗提供了重要资料。 夏侯灶墓遗址被称为双古堆，位于安徽省阜阳市，于1977年7月在扩建阜阳机场时发现。双古堆位于阜阳市外约3km处，人们知道此处有古墓，但不能确定发掘工作有否计划，还是临时进行。发掘工作由安徽省文物考古队的两名考古学家监督，发现了两座墓，东面的1号墓有带字文物。宽4.1m的斜道通向一个南北长9.2m、东西宽7.65m的墓室，大约是1973年发现的马王堆汉墓3号墓面积的一半。 1号墓中发现的一些青铜器上记有墓主人女［汝］陰侯的名字。汝阴侯是西汉初设立的新封爵，最早授予给夏侯婴（？-172 BC）。考古学家确定该墓属于夏侯婴之子夏侯灶，也就是第二任汝阴侯。关于他的情况知之甚少，可以确定卒于汉文帝十五年（公元前165年）。 双古堆遗址有已知最早的式盘，是汉代广泛使用的一种占卜器具。这两块漆面星盘包含一个直径9.5cm的可动圆盘，代表天球，装在一个13.5×13.5cm的方形底座上，代表地面。圆顶中心描绘着北斗七星，圆盘和底座边缘都刻有助于占卜的星象。 《楚辞》《韩非子》《淮南子》及一些兵书都提到了式盘的使用。 楚帛书 放马滩遗址 郭店楚简 马王堆帛书 睡虎地秦简 清华简 银雀山汉墓 张家山汉简 Shaughnessy 2014，第190頁. Shaughnessy 2014，第190–91頁. Shaughnessy 2014，第189–90頁. Greatrex 1994，第98頁; Shaughnessy 2014，第191頁. Shaughnessy 2014，第191頁. Lewis 2006，第275 (earliest)頁; Dorofeeva-Lichtmann 2007，第294 ("cosmograph")頁; Tseng 2011，第47 (widely used)頁; Shaughnessy 2014，第190–91 ("two well-preserved diviner's boards")頁. 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