擬星螺屬

擬星螺屬（學名：Bolma）是一個包括有中型到大型海螺的一個屬，其物種都有鈣質的螺厣，皆為蠑螺科的海洋腹足纲软体动物。 本屬物種已知從始新世開始就已經出現到現在（範圍：3390萬年前到現在）。這個物種的化石螺殻曾於以下地區發現： 地中海的：奧地利、塞浦路斯、法國、希臘、意大利、摩洛哥、斯洛伐克及西班牙 太平洋的：日本、瓦努阿图、關島、紐西蘭、澳大利亞及湯加。 印度洋的：南非 本物種的舌齒的中央齒have no cusps. They have a narrow long basal plate, which is produced above the body of the tooth. The latter is wide, oval, and not reflected above. Its lower margin is not well-defined in my specimens which are, however, not stained. The laterals are of the usual form and bear cusps. The imperforate shell has a turbinate shape. The spire is conic with whorls rounded at the periphery. The upper whorls are spiny. The base of the shell is convex. The operculum is nearly round with an excentric nucleus. The outside of the shell is polished, concave in the middle, with a convexity or rib upon the center of the spiral. This marine genus has a wide distribution. It occurs in the Red Sea, the Eastern Indian Ocean, the West Pacific, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and off South Africa, Indo-China, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland). 截至2018年3月5日 (2018-03-05)[update]，本屬現時在WoRMS紀錄有45個物種： Bolma anacanthos Beu & Ponder, 1979 † Bolma andersoni (E. A. Smith, 1902) 黄金蝾螺 Bolma aureola (Hedley, 1907) Bolma austroconica Beu & Ponder, 1979 † Bolma bartschii Dall, 1913 Bolma bathyraphis (E. A. Smith, 1899) 布氏擬星螺 Bolma boucheti Alf & Kreipl, 2011 Bolma castelinae Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010 Bolma crassigranosa (Tenison Woods, 1877) † Bolma exotica (Okutani, 1969) Bolma flava Beu & Ponder, 1979 Bolma flindersi (Tenison Woods, 1877) † Bolma fuscolineata Alf & Kreipl, 2009 雷神星螺 Bolma girgyllus (Reeve, 1861) Bolma granosa (Borson, 1821) † 细粒蝾螺 Bolma guttata (A. Adams, 1863) 榮光星螺 Bolma henica (R. B. Watson, 1879) Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957) Bolma johnstoni (Odhner, 1923) Bolma kermadecensis Beu & Ponder, 1979 Bolma kiharai Kosuge, 1986 Bolma kreipli Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010 Bolma maestratii Alf & Kreipl, 2009 Bolma mainbaza Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010 Bolma marshalli (Thomson, 1908) † Bolma martinae Kreipl & Alf, 2005 Bolma massieri Bozzetti, 1992 Bolma microconcha Kosuge, 1985 Bolma midwayensis (Habe & Kosuge, 1970) Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958) Bolma minuta Neubert, 1998 Bolma minutiradiosa Kosuge, 1983 塔星螺 Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843)，塔蝾螺 Bolma myrica Okutani, 2001 Bolma opaoana Bouchet & Métivier, 1983 红沙蝾螺 Bolma persica (Dall, 1907) Bolma pseudobathyraphis Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010 Bolma recens (Dell, 1967) Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767) Bolma sabinae Alf & Kreipl, 2004 Bolma somaliensis Beu & Ponder, 1979 Bolma tamikoana (Shikama, 1973) Bolma tantalea Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010 泰勒氏蝾螺 Bolma tayloriana (E. A. Smith, 1880) Bolma venusta (Okutani, 1964) 異名 Bolma christianeae Nolf, 2005：为Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)的异名。 Bolma clemenceae Bozzetti, 2010：为Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)的异名。 Bolma erectospina Kosuge, 1983：为Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)的异名。 Bolma formosana (Shikama, 1977)：为Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)的异名。 Bolma macandrewii (Mørch, 1868)：为Anadema macandrewii (Mörch, 1868)的异名。 Bolma sunderlandi Petuch, 1987：为Cantrainea sunderlandi (Petuch, 1987)的异名。 下列物种也列在印度洋-太平洋软体动物数据库中 'Bolma (Galeoastraea) asteriola (DALL, 1925) Risso A. (1826). H.N. Europe 4: 117. Bolma Risso, 1826. WoRMS. 2017-03-17 [2018-03-08].  Bolma Risso 1826 (snail). Paleobiology Database. [2018-03-11].  G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. [2018-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-11）.  OBIS : Bolma. [2018-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-08）.  Risso, 1826, Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale, 4: 117 Sacco, 1896, I Molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria, Parte 21: 19 Schepman, 1908, Siboga Expeditie, 49a: 27 Finlay, 1926, Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 57: 367, 373 Beu A. G. & Ponder W. F. (1979). A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 32 (1): 1-68[永久失效連結] Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592 Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1–82, pls 104-245. 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：擬星螺屬 Biodiversity occurrence data provided by: (Accessed through GBIF Data Portal, www.gbif.net, 2009-10-13)[1][永久失效連結] Beu A.G. & Ponder W.F. (1979) A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 32(1): 1-68. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）