Raft: log storage interface and multinode integration

This branch introduces a pluggable interface for on-disk storage of logs, and brings MultiNode up to date with some upstream changes in the Node interface (the new Advance method). It's still something of a work in progress, but the next step is to implement this interface in cockroach to make sure it meets our needs before pushing it back upstream.

@spencerkimball @cockroachdb/developers 
i guess this is unnecessary. we can just panic if the storage is nil. the application needs to append the unstable to the storage anyway. if we create a storage here, how will the application get it? so let's just assume application will do the right thing?