Define a mapping between REST resource name and kind/apiVersion

Allows clients to abstractly map user input to generic resource
paths as per docs/api-conventions.md

Extracted from #2000 and supports #1958
In this case this implementation is for "latest" which is all Kubernetes versions.  I think the way we would implement this as soon as we have component plugin is that we would create a RESTMapper that takes the compiled versions (everything in api.Scheme plus any other info) along with the dynamic versions.