[Console] Add method to know parsed option

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | yes
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | https://github.com/symfony/symfony/issues/12769
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | -
@samsonasik `array_key_exists` is different from `isset`.