HHWheelTimer - fix scheduling timeouts within callbacks

Summary:
This one is a little tricky, but it explains what happened in t5388156. Basically what we observed in the stack traces is that the HHWheelTimer count_ is 0, but there is still a timeout scheduled on the AsyncTimeout.

How I can see this happening is the following:
- SASL times out
- We fall back to insecure mode in the callback and schedule a send of a real message to the server. Here we schedule another timeout on the same HHWheelTimer object. Since count_ is 0 at this point, we schedule a timeout in AsyncTimeout.
- Now the initial SASL timeout was late, so the HHWheelTimer is in a catchup state. This means that it's possible for the callback on the timeout that was just scheduled to fire on the same "tick".
- This callback invokes SR's callbacks which try to detach the event base from the channel. But it can't detach because we have something scheduled on the AsyncTimeout.
- We crash.

Test Plan:
- will wait for contbuild
- Something like this repros the problem: https://phabricator.fb.com/P17220063. Note I hacked the catchup part to get it to work. Now running loadgen with security = permitted causes the crash.

// hphp tests are stalled, have to do this...

Reviewed By: mshneer@fb.com

Subscribers: bmatheny, mshneer, sandeepkk, trunkagent, njormrod, folly-diffs@, alandau, mhorowitz, srenfro, hitesh, wstefancik

FB internal diff: D1680735

Tasks: 5388156

Signature: t1:1680735:1416252123:e76668860ccda9380a87996b4fa3de957e129404
folly/io/async documentation

Summary: Documentation brain-dump.  The sources already have pretty good doxygen-style comments, but could use a good high-level overview.

Test Plan: Reviewers get to edit

Reviewed By: jsedgwick@fb.com, afrind@fb.com, dcsommer@fb.com, alandau@fb.com

Subscribers: fugalh, subodh, kmdent, seanc, vloh, sjenkins, kparton, doug, net-systems@, njormrod, folly-diffs@, sgolemon, alikhtarov, andrii, tudorb

FB internal diff: D1690976

Tasks: 5648428

Signature: t1:1690976:1416419706:3894976c32904f040d518b9a4ce26ccb40d7ed80
Bump version to 17:0