Restore Ruby 1.8.7 compatibility

I'm unsure if the drop in 1.8 compatibility was intentional or not in 2.1.0, but it was pretty easy to restore.  Most of the noise is from minor updates to the appraisals to ensure the Gemfile's valid on 1.8, then a handful of syntax fixes.

We rely on 1.8.7 compatibility at the moment for [Foreman](http://theforeman.org), else we'll pin the version at < 2.1.0.