Logger: Add possibility to send sync requests.

In this PR was done:
 - `*.coffee` -> `*.js`;
 - added possibility to set request parameters;
 - fixed and added new jasmine tests;
 - removed unnecessary `Courseware.prefix`.

@mulby, @andy-armstrong  please review.
> Is this simply the result of compiling the coffee script file?

No, it was rewritten by me. Missing tests were added.