Python 3 support

Following discussion on PR #32, this adds Python 3 support without any external dependencies. Python 2.6 and above and Python 3.3 and above should work; older versions will not.

The tests are passing on Python 2 and 3; I haven't tried the examples.
It doesn't look like they need to be there. I'll experiment with them moved outside, I was just aiming to change as little as possible to make review simple.