[#2339] Reduce memory usage in ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender

Motivation:

Reduce memory usage in ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender.

Modifications:

Explicit set the buffer size that is needed for the header (between 1 and 5 bytes).

Result:

Less memory usage in ProtobufVarint32LengthFieldPrepender.
Deleting redundant needsFlush boolean

Motivation:

In ChunkedWriteHandler, there is a redundant variable that servers
no purpose. It implies that under some conditions you might not want
to flush.

Modifications:

Removed the variable and the if condition that read it. The boolean
was always true so just removing the if statement was fine.

Result:

Slightly less misleading code.
Adding origins whitelist support for CORS

Motivation:
Currently the CORS support only handles a single origin, or a wildcard
origin. This task should enhance Netty's CORS support to allow multiple
origins to be specified. Just being allowed to specify one origin is
particulary limiting when a site support both http and https for
example.

Modifications:
- Updated CorsConfig and its Builder to accept multiple origins.

Result:
Users are now able to configure multiple origins for CORS.

[https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2346]
[#2349] Correctly handle cancelled ChannelPromise in DefaultChannelHandlerContext

Motivation:
At the moment an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown if a ChannelPromise is cancelled while propagate through the ChannelPipeline. This is not correct, we should just stop to propagate it as it is valid to cancel at any time.

Modifications:
Stop propagate the operation through the ChannelPipeline once a ChannelPromise is cancelled.

Result:
No more IllegalArgumentException when cancel a ChannelPromise while moving through the ChannelPipeline.
[#2358] SslHandler.safeClose(...) may not notify the ChannelPromise

Motivation:
In SslHandler.safeClose(...) we attach a ChannelFutureListener to the flushFuture and will notify the ChannelPromise which was used for close(...) in it. The problem here is that we only call ChannelHandlerContext.close(ChannelPromise) if Channel.isActive() is true and otherwise not notify it at all. We should just call ChannelHandlerContext.close(ChannelPromise) in all cases.

Modifications:
Always call ChannelHandlerContext.close(ChannelPromise) in the ChannelFutureListeiner

Result:
ChannelPromise used for close the Channel is notified in all cases
[#2361] Native.epollCreate(...) fails on systems using a kernel < 2.6.27 / glibc < 2.9

Motivation:
Native.epollCreate(...) fails on systems using a kernel < 2.6.27 / glibc < 2.9 because it uses epoll_create1(...) without checking if it is present

Modifications:
Check if epoll_create1(...) exists abd if not fall back to use epoll_create(...)

Result:
Works even on systems with kernel < 2.6.27 / glibc < 2.9
[#2362] AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe.write(...) is slow

Motivation:
At the moment we do a Channel.isActive() check in every AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe.write(...) call which gives quite some overhead as shown in the profiler when you write fast enough. We can eliminate the check and do something more smart here.

Modifications:
Remove the isActive() check and just check if the ChannelOutboundBuffer was set to null before, which means the Channel was closed. The rest will be handled in flush0() anyway.

Result:
Less overhead when doing many write calls
[#2359] EpollSocketChannel.remoteAddress0() is always null on accepted EpollSocketChannels

Motivation:
EpollSocketChannel.remoteAddress0() is always null on accepted EpollSocketChannels as we not set it excplicit.

Modifications:
Correctly retrieve the local and remote address when accept new channel and store it

Result:
EpollSocketchannel.remoteAddress0() and EpollSocketChannel.localAddress0() return correct addresses
[#2363] SelectedSelectionKeySet may hold strong reference to SelectionKey after Channel is closed

Motivation:
Because we not null out the array entry in the SelectionKey[] which is produced by SelectedSelectionKeySet.flip() we may end up with a few SelectionKeyreferences still hanging around here even after the Channel was closed. As these entries may be present at the end of the SelectionKey[] which is never updated for a long time as not enough SelectionKeys are ready.

Modifications:
Once we access the SelectionKey out of the SelectionKey[] we directly null it out.

Result:
Reference can be GC'ed right away once the Channel was closed.
Allow the user to call slice().retain() or duplicate.retain() in his/her ByteToMessageDecoder.decode(...) method.

Motivation:
At the moment a user can not safetly call slice().retain() or duplicate.retain()in the ByteToMessageDecoder.decode(...) implementation without the risk to see coruption because we may call discardSomeReadBytes() to make room on the buffer once the handling is done.

Modifications:
Check for the refCnt() before call discardSomeReadBytes() and also check before call decode(...) to create a copy if needed.

Result:
The user can safetly call slice().retain() or duplicate.retain() in his/her ByteToMessageDecoder.decode(...) method.
[#2353] Use a privileged block to get ClassLoader and System property if needed

Motivation:
When using System.getProperty(...) and various methods to get a ClassLoader it will fail when a SecurityManager is in place.

Modifications:
Use a priveled block if needed. This work is based in the PR #2353 done by @anilsaldhana .

Result:
Code works also when SecurityManager is present
[#2370] Periodically check for not alive Threads and free up their ThreadPoolCache

Motivation:
At the moment we create new ThreadPoolCache whenever a Thread tries either allocate or release something on the PooledByteBufAllocator. When something is released we put it then in its ThreadPoolCache. The problem is we never check if a Thread is not alive anymore and so we may end up with memory that is never freed again if a user create many short living Threads that use the PooledByteBufAllocator.

Modifications:
Periodically check if the Thread is still alive that has a ThreadPoolCache assinged and if not free it.

Result:
Memory is freed up correctly even for short living Threads.
[#2371] Fix Potential data corruption in EpollSocketChannel when writing to the Channel

Motivation:
We sometimes see data corruption when writing to the EpollSocketChannel.

Modifications:
Correctly update the position of the ByteBuffer after something was written.

Result:
Fix data-corruption which could happen on partial writes
Add a Example for Memcache Binary Codec

Motivation:
Currently, there exists no example which shows how to use the memcache binary
protocol.

Modifications:
Add an example client and client handler to show how to utilize the binary
protocol in a memcache client with a simple interactive shell.

Result:
Users looking for an example can now start off with the provided one.
[example-memcache] fix formatting introduced by the memcache examples.
[#2390] Minimize memory usage of NioDatagramChannel

Motivation:
At the moment we create a HashMap that holds the MembershipKeys for multicast with every NioDatagramChannel even when most people not need it at al

Modifications:
Lazy create the HashMap when needed.

Result:
Less memory usage and less object creation
Fix error that causes (up to) double memory usage

Motivation:

PoolArena's 'normalizeCapacity' function was micro-optimized some
time ago to remove a while loop. However, there was a change of
behavior in the function as a result. Capacities passed into it
that are already powers of 2 (and >= 512) are doubled in size. So
if I ask for a buffer with a capacity of 1024, I will get back one
that actually uses 2048 bytes (stored in maxLength).

Aligning to powers of two for book keeping ease is reasonable,
and if someone tries to expand a buffer, you might as well use some
of the previously wasted space. However, since this distinction
between 'easily expanded' and 'costly to expand' space is not
supported at all by the APIs, I cannot imagine this change to
doubling is desirable or intentional.

This is especially costly when using composite buffers. They
frequently allocate components with a capacity that is a power of
2, and they never attempt to expand components themselves. The end
result is that heavy use of pool-backed composite buffers wastes
almost half of the memory pool (the smaller / initial components are
<512 and so are not affected by the off-by-one bug).

Modifications:

Although I find it difficult to believe that such an optimization
is really helpful, I left it in and fixed the off-by-one issue by
decrementing the value at the start.

I also added a simple test to both attempt to verify that the
decrement fixes the issue without introducing any other change, and
to make it easy for a reviewer to test the existing behavior. PoolArena
does not seem to have much testing or testability support though so
the test is kind of a hack and will break for unrelated changes. I
suggest either removing it or factoring out the single non-static
portion of normalizeCapacity so that the fragile dummy PoolArena is
not required.

Result:

Pooled allocators will allocate less resources to the highly
inefficient and undocumented buffer section between length and
maxLength.

Composite buffers of non-trivial size that are backed by pooled
allocators will use about half as much memory.
SPDY: refactor frame codec implementation

Motivation:

Currently, the SPDY frame encoding and decoding code is based upon
the ChannelHandler abstraction. This requires maintaining multiple
versions for 3.x and 4.x (and possibly 5.x moving forward).

Modifications:

The SPDY frame encoding and decoding code is separated from the
ChannelHandler and SpdyFrame abstractions. Also test coverage is
improved.

Result:

SpdyFrameCodec now implements the ChannelHandler abstraction and is
responsible for creating and handling SpdyFrame objects.
Fix buffer leaks in SPDY test

Motivation:

Fix leaks reported during SPDY test.

Modifications:

Use ReferenceCountUtil.releaseLater(...) to make sure everything is released once the tests are done.

Result:

No more leak reports during run the tests.
Fix buffer leaks in SpdyFrameDecoderTest

Motivation:

Fix leaks reported during running SpdyFrameDecoderTest

Modifications:
Make sure the produced buffer of SpdyFrameDecoder is released

Result:

No more leak reports during run the tests.