Fix stream closing when sending file with `ActionController::Live` included.

Fixes #12381
Adding Hash#compact and Hash#compact! methods

  * Adding Hash#compact and Hash#compact! methods
  * Using Ruby 1.9 syntax on documentation
  * Updating guides for `Hash#compact` and `Hash#compact!` methods
  * Updating CHANGELOG for ActiveSupport
  * Removing unecessary protected method and lambda for `Hash#compact` implementations
  * Performing `Hash#compact` implementation - https://gist.github.com/tinogomes/8332883
  * fixing order position
  * Fixing typo
Merge pull request #13632 from tinogomes/master

Adding Hash#compact and Hash#compact! methods
Check `respond_to` before delegation due to: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/d781caaf313b8649948c107bba277e5ad7307314
Revert "ask the fixture set for the sql statements"

This reverts commit 026d0555685087845b74dd87a0417b5a164b1c13.

Conflicts:
	activerecord/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb

Fixes #13383
Merge branch 'master' into ruby-2.2

* master:
  Revert "ask the fixture set for the sql statements"
Ensure Active Record connection consistency

Currently Active Record can be configured via the environment variable `DATABASE_URL` or by manually injecting a hash of values which is what Rails does, reading in `database.yml` and setting Active Record appropriately. Active Record expects to be able to use `DATABASE_URL` without the use of Rails, and we cannot rip out this functionality without deprecating. This presents a problem though when both config is set, and a `DATABASE_URL` is present. Currently the `DATABASE_URL` should "win" and none of the values in `database.yml` are used. This is somewhat unexpected to me if I were to set values such as `pool` in the `production:` group of `database.yml` they are ignored.

There are many ways that active record initiates a connection today:

- Stand Alone (without rails)
  - `rake db:<tasks>`
  - ActiveRecord.establish_connection
 
- With Rails
  - `rake db:<tasks>`
  - `rails <server> | <console>`
  - `rails dbconsole`


We should make all of these behave exactly the same way. The best way to do this is to put all of this logic in one place so it is guaranteed to be used.

Here is my prosed matrix of how this behavior should work:

```
No database.yml
No DATABASE_URL
=> Error
```

```
database.yml present
No DATABASE_URL
=> Use database.yml configuration
```

```
No database.yml
DATABASE_URL present
=> use DATABASE_URL configuration
```

```
database.yml present
DATABASE_URL present
=> Merged into `url` sub key. If both specify `url` sub key, the `database.yml` `url`
   sub key "wins". If other paramaters `adapter` or `database` are specified in YAML,
   they are discarded as the `url` sub key "wins".
```

### Implementation

Current implementation uses `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` to resolve and merge all connection information before returning. This is achieved through a utility class: `ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::MergeAndResolveDefaultUrlConfig`.

To understand the exact behavior of this class, it is best to review the behavior in activerecord/test/cases/connection_adapters/connection_handler_test.rb though it should match the above proposal.
Merge pull request #13582 from schneems/schneems/preserve-connection-behavior

Ensure Active Record connection consistency
[ci skip] - error_messages_for has been deprecated since 2.3.8 - lets reduce any confusion for users
Clarify behavior of json_escape, update examples

The behavior of json_escape was fixed in 2f1c5789, but the doc
changes and example in that commit incorrectly indicated that the
return value would be html-safe. Since quotation marks are
preserved, the raw value is not safe to use in other contexts
(specifically HTML attributes).
Restore DATABASE_URL even if it's nil in connection_handler test

- We have to restore DATABASE_URL to its previous state irrespective of
  previous value is nil or not
Merge pull request #13659 from prathamesh-sonpatki/fix-build

Restore DATABASE_URL even if it's nil in connection_handler test
Merge pull request #13657 from leriksen/master

[ci skip] - error_messages_for has been deprecated since 2.3.8 - lets re...
doc, API example on how to use `Model#exists?` with multiple IDs. [ci skip]

Refs #13658
Merge branch 'ruby-2.2'

* ruby-2.2:
  Check `respond_to` before delegation due to: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/d781caaf313b8649948c107bba277e5ad7307314
Merge branch 'master' into laurocaetano-fix_send_file

* master: (536 commits)
  doc, API example on how to use `Model#exists?` with multiple IDs. [ci skip]
  Restore DATABASE_URL even if it's nil in connection_handler test
  [ci skip] - error_messages_for has been deprecated since 2.3.8 - lets reduce any confusion for users
  Ensure Active Record connection consistency
  Revert "ask the fixture set for the sql statements"
  Check `respond_to` before delegation due to: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/d781caaf313b8649948c107bba277e5ad7307314
  Adding Hash#compact and Hash#compact! methods
  MySQL version 4.1 was EOL on December 31, 2009 We should at least recommend modern versions of MySQL to users.
  clear cache on body close so that cache remains during rendering
  add a more restricted codepath for templates fixes #13390
  refactor generator tests to use block form of Tempfile
  Fix typo [ci skip]
  Move finish_template as the last public method in the generator
  Minor typos fix [ci skip]
  make `change_column_null` reversible. Closes #13576.
  create/drop test and development databases only if RAILS_ENV is nil
  Revert "Speedup String#to"
  typo fix in test name. [ci skip].
  `core_ext/string/access.rb` test what we are documenting.
  Fix typo in image_tag documentation
  ...

Conflicts:
	actionpack/CHANGELOG.md
Removing without_thor_debug

a1d0c0fa3d8ca97edc8f2a1d6ba96af19221dbad

as bundler 1.5.2 is out now
use enum labels as form values. Achieved by `_before_type_cast`.

Closes #13650, #13672

This is an alternate implementation to solve #13650. Currently form fields
contain the enum value (eg. "1"). This breaks because the setter `enum=`
expects the label (eg. "active").

ActiveRecord::Enum allows you to use labels in your application but store numbers.
We should make sure that all parts after AR are dealing with labels and not the
underlying mapping to a number.

This patch defines `_before_type_cast` on every enum column to return the label.
This method is later used to fetch the value to display in form fields.

I deliberately copied the implementation of the enum getter instead of delegating to it.
This allows you to overwrite the getter and for example return a `Value Object` but have it
still work for form fields.
Merge pull request #13671 from arunagw/upgrade-bundler

Removing without_thor_debug
Fix iterating over DateTime by doing strict checking for Time objects

- Fixes #13667