[SPARK-1808] Route bin/pyspark through Spark submit

**Problem.** For `bin/pyspark`, there is currently no other way to specify Spark configuration properties other than through `SPARK_JAVA_OPTS` in `conf/spark-env.sh`. However, this mechanism is supposedly deprecated. Instead, it needs to pick up configurations explicitly specified in `conf/spark-defaults.conf`.

**Solution.** Have `bin/pyspark` invoke `bin/spark-submit`, like all of its counterparts in Scala land (i.e. `bin/spark-shell`, `bin/run-example`). This has the additional benefit of making the invocation of all the user facing Spark scripts consistent.

**Details.** `bin/pyspark` inherently handles two cases: (1) running python applications and (2) running the python shell. For (1), Spark submit already handles running python applications. For cases in which `bin/pyspark` is given a python file, we can simply call pass the file directly to Spark submit and let it handle the rest.

For case (2), `bin/pyspark` starts a python process as before, which launches the JVM as a sub-process. The existing code already provides a code path to do this. All we needed to change is to use `bin/spark-submit` instead of `spark-class` to launch the JVM. This requires modifications to Spark submit to handle the pyspark shell as a special case.

This has been tested locally (OSX and Windows 7), on a standalone cluster, and on a YARN cluster. Running IPython also works as before, except now it takes in Spark submit arguments too.

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>

Closes #799 from andrewor14/pyspark-submit and squashes the following commits:

bf37e36 [Andrew Or] Minor changes
01066fa [Andrew Or] bin/pyspark for Windows
c8cb3bf [Andrew Or] Handle perverse app names (with escaped quotes)
1866f85 [Andrew Or] Windows is not cooperating
456d844 [Andrew Or] Guard against shlex hanging if PYSPARK_SUBMIT_ARGS is not set
7eebda8 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into pyspark-submit
b7ba0d8 [Andrew Or] Address a few comments (minor)
06eb138 [Andrew Or] Use shlex instead of writing our own parser
05879fa [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into pyspark-submit
a823661 [Andrew Or] Fix --die-on-broken-pipe not propagated properly
6fba412 [Andrew Or] Deal with quotes + address various comments
fe4c8a7 [Andrew Or] Update --help for bin/pyspark
afe47bf [Andrew Or] Fix spark shell
f04aaa4 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into pyspark-submit
a371d26 [Andrew Or] Route bin/pyspark through Spark submit
(cherry picked from commit 4b8ec6fcfd7a7ef0857d5b21917183c181301c95)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>
[SPARK-1824] Remove <master> from Python examples

A recent PR (#552) fixed this for all Scala / Java examples. We need to do it for python too.

Note that this blocks on #799, which makes `bin/pyspark` go through Spark submit. With only the changes in this PR, the only way to run these examples is through Spark submit. Once #799 goes in, you can use `bin/pyspark` to run them too. For example,

```
bin/pyspark examples/src/main/python/pi.py 100 --master local-cluster[4,1,512]
```

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>

Closes #802 from andrewor14/python-examples and squashes the following commits:

cf50b9f [Andrew Or] De-indent python comments (minor)
50f80b1 [Andrew Or] Remove pyFiles from SparkContext construction
c362f69 [Andrew Or] Update docs to use spark-submit for python applications
7072c6a [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into python-examples
427a5f0 [Andrew Or] Update docs
d32072c [Andrew Or] Remove <master> from examples + update usages
(cherry picked from commit cf6cbe9f76c3b322a968c836d039fc5b70d4ce43)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>