Fix bug in HTTP/2 outbound flow control

Motivation:

The outbound flow controller logic does not properly reset the allocated
bytes between successive invocations of the priority algorithm.

Modifications:

Updated the priority algorithm to reset the allocated bytes for each
stream.

Result:

Each call to the priority algorithm now starts with zero allocated bytes
for each stream.
@nmittler - Do we have to do anything special to protect (and/or detect) against `ConcurrentModificationException` scenarios?