(FOR REVIEW) (PUP-3521) Fix Puppet's exception swallowing

# FOR REVIEW

This PR attempts to fix Puppet's exception swallowing. It does this by changing places where Puppet rescues and swallows an exception to have a more granular `rescue` clause. 

This PR is going to need some review to ensure these changes are sane.
Hmm...it sounds like I should revert this change unless @hlindberg, @cprice404, or @pcarlisle have any objections.