SPARK-2686 Add Length and Strlen support to Spark SQL

Syntactic, parsing, and operational support have been added for LEN(GTH) and STRLEN functions.
Examples:
SQL:
import org.apache.spark.sql._
case class TestData(key: Int, value: String)
val sqlc = new SQLContext(sc)
import sqlc._
val testData: SchemaRDD = sqlc.sparkContext.parallelize(
(1 to 100).map(i => TestData(i, i.toString)))
testData.registerAsTable("testData")
sqlc.sql("select length(key) as key_len from testData order by key_len desc limit 5").collect
res12: Array[org.apache.spark.sql.Row] = Array([3], [2], [2], [2], [2])
HQL:
val hc = new org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveContext(sc)
import hc._
hc.hql
hql("select length(grp) from simplex").collect
res14: Array[org.apache.spark.sql.Row] = Array([6], [6], [6], [6])
As far as codebase changes: they have been purposefully made similar to the ones made for for adding SUBSTR(ING) from July 17:
SQLParser, Optimizer, Expression, stringOperations, and HiveQL were the main classes changed. The testing suites affected are ConstantFolding and ExpressionEvaluation.

We can just use `String#codePointCount`, which can do the same thing as Hive's implementation.

`OctetLenUtils.len` implementation is not the same as Hive's one.
Hive uses `o.a.h.io.Text` as an argument of the method, which returns UTF-8 bytes by `getBytes()` but `java.lang.String#getBytes` returns platform-dependent bytes.

The reason why Hive checks one by one here is not to decode string from UTF-8 bytes.
Doing encode/decode is heavy, so we should do it as less as possible.