Pyfilesystem support+refactor

This adds file system support, and is a refactor of the XBlock codebase as per a longer discussion with Cale, etc. Specifically, 

* We add a directory to XBlocks for reference implementations of standard services, blocks, and fields. In the future, runtimes may provide their own implementations instead (if we decide to do this for fields, this will be a major backwards-compatibility breaking change). 
* We add a process for prototyping services. 
* We add a prototype service+field type which adds pyfilesystem support. We explicitly mark this as a prototype implementation. We'll build this out, and see if there are issues. If there are, we will switch to an interface along the lines of one suggested by @ormsbee 
* We restructure the code such that only some fields are JSONifable, which does not make sense for things like blobs. This will break backwards-compatibility if we decide to do this, but for now, just shows deprecation warnings. 
I changed the IDs in the scope_key function, as per Cale's request. The old ones worked. The new ones are not fully tested. The next PR will build on top of this code, and test them implicitly.