Git 2.0: git svn: Set default --prefix='origin/' if --prefix is not given

git-svn by default puts its Subversion-tracking refs directly in
refs/remotes/*. This runs counter to Git's convention of using
refs/remotes/$remote/* for storing remote-tracking branches.

Furthermore, combining git-svn with regular git remotes run the risk of
clobbering refs under refs/remotes (e.g. if you have a git remote
called "tags" with a "v1" branch, it will overlap with the git-svn's
tracking branch for the "v1" tag from Subversion.

Even though the git-svn refs stored in refs/remotes/* are not "proper"
remote-tracking branches (since they are not covered by a proper git
remote's refspec), they clearly represent a similar concept, and would
benefit from following the same convention.

For example, if git-svn tracks Subversion branch "foo" at
refs/remotes/foo, and you create a local branch refs/heads/foo to add
some commits to be pushed back to Subversion (using "git svn dcommit),
then it is clearly unhelpful of Git to throw

  warning: refname 'foo' is ambiguous.

every time you checkout, rebase, or otherwise interact with the branch.

The existing workaround for this is to supply the --prefix=quux/ to
git svn init/clone, so that git-svn's tracking branches end up in
refs/remotes/quux/* instead of refs/remotes/*. However, encouraging
users to specify --prefix to work around a design flaw in git-svn is
suboptimal, and not a long term solution to the problem. Instead,
git-svn should default to use a non-empty prefix that saves
unsuspecting users from the inconveniences described above.

This patch will only affect newly created git-svn setups, as the
--prefix option only applies to git svn init (and git svn clone).
Existing git-svn setups will continue with their existing (lack of)
prefix. Also, if anyone somehow prefers git-svn's old layout, they
can recreate that by explicitly passing an empty prefix (--prefix "")
on the git svn init/clone command line.

The patch changes the default value for --prefix from "" to "origin/",
updates the git-svn manual page, and fixes the fallout in the git-svn
testcases.

(Note that this patch might be easier to review using the --word-diff
and --word-diff-regex=. diff options.)

[ew: squashed description of <= 1.9 behavior into manpage]

Suggested-by: Thomas Ferris Nicolaisen <tfnico@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
Signed-off-by: Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
t5801 (remote-helpers): cleanup environment sets

Commit 512477b (tests: use "env" to run commands with temporary env-var
settings) missed some variables in the remote-helpers test. Also
standardize these.

Signed-off-by: Felipe Contreras <felipe.contreras@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Merge branch 'ep/shell-command-substitution'

* ep/shell-command-substitution:
  t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-tag.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-revert.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-resolve.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-repack.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-merge.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-ls-remote.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-fetch.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-commit.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-clone.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  git-checkout.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  install-webdoc.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
  howto-index.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution
Merge branch 'km/avoid-non-function-return-in-rebase'

Work around /bin/sh that does not like "return" at the top-level
of a file that is dot-sourced from inside a function definition.

* km/avoid-non-function-return-in-rebase:
  Revert "rebase: fix run_specific_rebase's use of "return" on FreeBSD"
  rebase: avoid non-function use of "return" on FreeBSD
Merge branch 'jx/i18n'

* jx/i18n:
  i18n: mention "TRANSLATORS:" marker in Documentation/CodingGuidelines
  i18n: only extract comments marked with "TRANSLATORS:"
  i18n: remove obsolete comments for translators in diffstat generation
  i18n: fix uncatchable comments for translators in date.c
Merge git://bogomips.org/git-svn

* git://bogomips.org/git-svn:
  Git 2.0: git svn: Set default --prefix='origin/' if --prefix is not given
Update draft release notes to 2.0

Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Merge branch 'db/make-with-curl' into jch

Ask curl-config how to link with the curl library, instead of
having only a limited configurability knobs in the Makefile.

* db/make-with-curl:
  Makefile: allow static linking against libcurl
  Makefile: use curl-config to determine curl flags
Merge branch 'fc/transport-helper-sync-error-fix' into jch

Make sure the marks are not written out when the transport helper
did not finish happily, to avoid marks file that is out of sync
with the reality.

As I had to resolve some conflicts with the recent code, will wait
until getting an OK from Felipe on the conflict resolution and then
hopefully can be merged to 'next' and then later to 'master'.

* fc/transport-helper-sync-error-fix:
  t5801 (remote-helpers): cleanup environment sets
  transport-helper: fix sync issue on crashes
  transport-helper: trivial cleanup
  transport-helper: propagate recvline() error pushing
  remote-helpers: make recvline return an error
  transport-helper: remove barely used xchgline()
### keep in next
Merge branch 'ks/tree-diff-nway' into jch

Instead of running N pair-wise diff-trees when inspecting a
N-parent merge, find the set of paths that were touched by walking
N+1 trees in parallel.  These set of paths can then be turned into
N pair-wise diff-tree results to be processed through rename
detections and such.  And N=2 case nicely degenerates to the usual
2-way diff-tree, which is very nice.

* ks/tree-diff-nway:
  mingw: activate alloca
  combine-diff: speed it up, by using multiparent diff tree-walker directly
  tree-diff: rework diff_tree() to generate diffs for multiparent cases as well
  Portable alloca for Git
  tree-diff: reuse base str(buf) memory on sub-tree recursion
  tree-diff: no need to call "full" diff_tree_sha1 from show_path()
  tree-diff: rework diff_tree interface to be sha1 based
  tree-diff: diff_tree() should now be static
  tree-diff: remove special-case diff-emitting code for empty-tree cases
  tree-diff: simplify tree_entry_pathcmp
  tree-diff: show_path prototype is not needed anymore
  tree-diff: rename compare_tree_entry -> tree_entry_pathcmp
  tree-diff: move all action-taking code out of compare_tree_entry()
  tree-diff: don't assume compare_tree_entry() returns -1,0,1
  tree-diff: consolidate code for emitting diffs and recursion in one place
  tree-diff: show_tree() is not needed
  tree-diff: no need to pass match to skip_uninteresting()
  tree-diff: no need to manually verify that there is no mode change for a path
  combine-diff: move changed-paths scanning logic into its own function
  combine-diff: move show_log_first logic/action out of paths scanning
Merge branch 'as/grep-fullname-config' into jch

Add a configuration variable to force --full-name to be default for
"git grep".

This may cause regressions on scripted users that do not expect
this new behaviour.

* as/grep-fullname-config:
  grep: add grep.fullName config variable
Merge branch 'jc/apply-ignore-whitespace' into jch

"--ignore-space-change" option of "git apply" ignored the
spaces at the beginning of line too aggressively, which is
inconsistent with the option of the same name "diff" and "git diff"
have.

* jc/apply-ignore-whitespace:
  apply --ignore-space-change: lines with and without leading whitespaces do not match
Merge branch 'mt/patch-id-stable' into jch

Introduce a new way to compute patch-id for a patch that is not
affected by the order of the paths that appear in the input.

This changes the generated patch-id unless the users add an extra
option to their command lines, but I deliberately queued the series
to 'next' without reverting that compatibility breakage to see if
people complain.  It could be that we do not have to worry about
the default flipping at all.  We'll see.

* mt/patch-id-stable:
  patch-id-test: test --stable and --unstable flags
  patch-id: document new behaviour
  patch-id: make it stable against hunk reordering
Merge branch 'mh/ref-transaction' into jch

Update "update-ref --stdin [-z]" and then introduce a transactional
support for (multi-)reference updates.

* mh/ref-transaction: (27 commits)
  ref_transaction_commit(): work with transaction->updates in place
  struct ref_update: add a type field
  struct ref_update: add a lock field
  ref_transaction_commit(): simplify code using temporary variables
  struct ref_update: store refname as a FLEX_ARRAY
  struct ref_update: rename field "ref_name" to "refname"
  refs: remove API function update_refs()
  update-ref --stdin: reimplement using reference transactions
  refs: add a concept of a reference transaction
  update-ref --stdin: harmonize error messages
  update-ref --stdin: improve the error message for unexpected EOF
  t1400: test one mistake at a time
  update-ref --stdin -z: deprecate interpreting the empty string as zeros
  update-ref.c: extract a new function, parse_next_sha1()
  t1400: test that stdin -z update treats empty <newvalue> as zeros
  update-ref --stdin: simplify error messages for missing oldvalues
  update-ref --stdin: make error messages more consistent
  update-ref --stdin: improve error messages for invalid values
  update-ref.c: extract a new function, parse_refname()
  parse_cmd_verify(): copy old_sha1 instead of evaluating <oldvalue> twice
  ...

# Conflicts:
# 	builtin/update-ref.c
Merge branch 'ym/fix-opportunistic-index-update-race' into jch

Read-only operations such as "git status" that internally refreshes
the index write out the refreshed index to the disk to optimize
future accesses to the working tree, but this could race with a
"read-write" operation that modify the index while it is running.
Detect such a race and avoid overwriting the index.

Duy raised a good point that we may need to do the same for the
normal writeout codepath, not just the "opportunistic" update
codepath.  While that is true, nobody sane would be running two
simultaneous operations that are clearly write-oriented competing
with each other against the same index file.  So in that sense that
can be done as a less urgent follow-up for this topic.

* ym/fix-opportunistic-index-update-race:
  read-cache.c: verify index file before we opportunistically update it
  wrapper.c: add xpread() similar to xread()

# Conflicts:
# 	cache.h
Merge branch 'nd/index-pack-one-fd-per-thread' into jch

Enable threaded index-pack on platforms without thread-unsafe
pread() emulation.

* nd/index-pack-one-fd-per-thread:
  index-pack: work around thread-unsafe pread()

# Conflicts:
# 	builtin/index-pack.c
Merge branch 'ef/send-email-absolute-path-to-the-command' into jch

* ef/send-email-absolute-path-to-the-command:
  send-email: recognize absolute path on Windows
Merge branch 'sk/svn-parse-datestamp' into jch

* sk/svn-parse-datestamp:
  SVN.pm::parse_svn_date: allow timestamps with a single-digit hour
Merge branch 'rs/ref-update-check-errors-early' into jch

* rs/ref-update-check-errors-early:
  commit.c: check for lock error and return early
  sequencer.c: check for lock failure and bail early in fast_forward_to