rados: Parse command-line arguments strictly

Many integers were parsed with functions that silently ignored junk at
the end of the string.  Extra characters now cause errors.

Fixes: 8983
Signed-off-by: Adam Crume <adamcrume@gmail.com>
test: Fix rmpool in test_rados_tool.sh

Signed-off-by: Adam Crume <adamcrume@gmail.com>
rados: Add tests for CLI strict parsing

Fixes: 8983
Signed-off-by: Adam Crume <adamcrume@gmail.com>
rados: Use strict_strtoll instead of strtoll

Signed-off-by: Adam Crume <adamcrume@gmail.com>
Merge pull request #2678 from ceph/wip-8983

rados: Parse command-line arguments strictly

Reviewed-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Loic Dachary <loic-201408@dachary.org>