fs/sync: Make sync() satisfy many requests with one invocation

Dave Jones reported RCU stalls, overly long hrtimer interrupts, and
amazingly long NMI handlers from a trinity-induced workload involving
lots of concurrent sync() calls (https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/7/23/369).
There are any number of things that one might do to make sync() behave
better under high levels of contention, but it is also the case that
multiple concurrent sync() system calls can be satisfied by a single
sys_sync() invocation.

Given that this situation is reminiscent of rcu_barrier(), this commit
applies the rcu_barrier() approach to sys_sync().  This approach uses
a global mutex and a sequence counter.  The mutex is held across the
sync() operation, which eliminates contention between concurrent sync()
operations.  The counter is incremented at the beginning and end of
each sync() operation, so that it is odd while a sync() operation is in
progress and even otherwise, just like sequence locks.

The code that used to be in sys_sync() is now in do_sync(), and sys_sync()
now handles the concurrency.  The sys_sync() function first takes a
snapshot of the counter, then acquires the mutex, and then takes another
snapshot of the counter.  If the values of the two snapshots indicate that
a full do_sync() executed during the mutex acquisition, the sys_sync()
function releases the mutex and returns ("Our work is done!").  Otherwise,
sys_sync() increments the counter, invokes do_sync(), and increments
the counter again.

This approach allows a single call to do_sync() to satisfy an arbitrarily
large number of sync() system calls, which should eliminate issues due
to large numbers of concurrent invocations of the sync() system call.

Changes since v1 (https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/7/24/683):

o	Add a pair of memory barriers to keep the increments from
	bleeding into the do_sync() code.  (The failure probability
	is insanely low, but when you have several hundred million
	devices running Linux, you can expect several hundred instances
	of one-in-a-million failures.)

o	Actually CC some people who have experience in this area.

Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Curt Wohlgemuth <curtw@google.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
decompressor: Add LZ4 decompressor module

Date	Tue, 26 Feb 2013 15:24:27 +0900

This patch adds support for LZ4 decompression in the Linux Kernel.
LZ4 Decompression APIs for kernel are based on LZ4 implementation
by Yann Collet.

LZ4 homepage : http://fastcompression.blogspot.com/p/lz4.html
LZ4 source repository : http://code.google.com/p/lz4/

Signed-off-by: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>

v2:
- Clean up code
- Enable unaligned access for ARM v6 and above with
  CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
- Add lz4_decompress() for faster decompression with
  uncompressed output size

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
lib: Add support for LZ4-compressed kernel

Date	Tue, 26 Feb 2013 15:24:28 +0900

This patch adds support for extracting LZ4-compressed kernel images,
as well as LZ4-compressed ramdisk images in the kernel boot process.

This depends on the patch below
decompressor: Add LZ4 decompressor module

Signed-off-by: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>

v2:
- Clean up code
- Use lz4_decompress() for LZ4-compressed kernel during boot-process

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
arm: Add support for LZ4-compressed kernel

Date	Tue, 26 Feb 2013 15:24:29 +0900

This patch integrates the LZ4 decompression code to the arm pre-boot code.
And it depends on two patchs below

lib: Add support for LZ4-compressed kernel
decompressor: Add LZ4 decompressor module

Signed-off-by: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com>

v2:
- Apply CFLAGS, -Os to decompress.o to improve decompress
  performance during boot-up process

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
lib: Add lz4 compressor module

From	Chanho Min <>

This patch adds support for LZ4 compression in the Linux Kernel.
LZ4 Compression APIs for kernel are based on LZ4 implementation
by Yann Collet and changed with kernel coding style.

LZ4 homepage : http://fastcompression.blogspot.com/p/lz4.html
LZ4 source repository : http://code.google.com/p/lz4/
svn revision : r90

Two APIs are added:
lz4_compress() support basic lz4 compression whereas lz4hc_compress() support
high compression or CPU performance get lower but compression ratio get higher.
Also, we require the pre-allocated working memory with the defined size and
destination buffer must be allocated with the size of lz4_compressbound.

Signed-off-by: Chanho Min <chanho.min@lge.com>

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
crypto: Add lz4 Cryptographic API

From	Chanho Min <>

This patch adds support for lz4 and lz4hc compression algorithm
using the lib/lz4/* codebase.
Signed-off-by: Chanho Min <chanho.min@lge.com>

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
lib/lz4/lz4_compress: fix macro usage error

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
LZ4: compression/decompression signedness mismatch (v2)

LZ4 compression and decompression functions require different
in signedness input/output parameters: unsigned char for
compression and signed char for decompression.

Change decompression API to require "(const) unsigned char *".

v2: minor coding style fix.

Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
staging: zram: add Crypto API support

Date	Tue, 30 Jul 2013 14:30:48 +0200

Current version of zram does not allow any substitution of a default
compression algorithm. Therefore, I decided to change the existing
implementation of page compression by adding Crypto API compability.

All direct calls to lzo1x compression/decompression methods are now
replaced by calls consistent with Crypto. Also, I removed "workmem"
field from struct zram_meta, as it was there for lzo1x purposes only
and is no longer needed. Finally, I added a set of functions required
by Crypto API to work properly.

In order to substitute the default algorithm (lzo), change the value
of zram.compressor module parameter to a proper name (e.g. lz4).

Signed-off-by: Piotr Sarna <p.sarna@partner.samsung.com>
Acked-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>

backported to Linux 3.4 by faux123

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
staging: zram: add per-cpu support to Crypto

Date	Tue, 30 Jul 2013 14:30:49 +0200

Since original zram code did not implement any per-cpu operations,
my previous patch (staging: zram: add Crypto API support) did not
include them either.

This patch complements the first one with per-cpu support for Crypto,
allocating tfms buffer separately for each online processor.
Changes are based on zswap and zcache per-cpu code.

Basic tests (concurrent writing several 10-40MB chunks to zram) performed
on an ARM-based EXYNOS4412 Quad-Core showed that per-cpu code provides
noticeable time saving, ranging between 30-40% for LZO and LZ4 compressors.
Sample data (LZO): writing 160MB, 40MB per thread took 0.60s with per-cpu
code included and approximately 0.80s without per-cpu support.

Signed-off-by: Piotr Sarna <p.sarna@partner.samsung.com>
Acked-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>

backported to Linux 3.4 by faux123
Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
zram_drv: switch default compressor to new lz4

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
zcache-main.c: use MACRO define instead of hardcoded default of lzo

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>
zcache-main: switch to lz4 as default

Signed-off-by: Paul Reioux <reioux@gmail.com>