Add tests for E-needstest issues
auto merge of #18555 : jakub-/rust/e-needstest, r=alexcrichton

Closes #7268.
Closes #10396.
Closes #10501.
Closes #11382.
Closes #11771.
Closes #12741.
Closes #13058.
Closes #15063.
Closes #15734.
Closes #16774.
Closes #18110.