[SPARK-1460] Returning SchemaRDD instead of normal RDD on Set operations...

... that do not change schema

Author: Kan Zhang <kzhang@apache.org>

Closes #448 from kanzhang/SPARK-1460 and squashes the following commits:

111e388 [Kan Zhang] silence MiMa errors in EdgeRDD and VertexRDD
91dc787 [Kan Zhang] Taking into account newly added Ordering param
79ed52a [Kan Zhang] [SPARK-1460] Returning SchemaRDD on Set operations that do not change schema
(cherry picked from commit 967635a2425a769b932eea0984fe697d6721cab0)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>
SPARK-1579: Clean up PythonRDD and avoid swallowing IOExceptions

This patch includes several cleanups to PythonRDD, focused around fixing [SPARK-1579](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-1579) cleanly. Listed in order of approximate importance:

- The Python daemon waits for Spark to close the socket before exiting,
  in order to avoid causing spurious IOExceptions in Spark's
  `PythonRDD::WriterThread`.
- Removes the Python Monitor Thread, which polled for task cancellations
  in order to kill the Python worker. Instead, we do this in the
  onCompleteCallback, since this is guaranteed to be called during
  cancellation.
- Adds a "completed" variable to TaskContext to avoid the issue noted in
  [SPARK-1019](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-1019), where onCompleteCallbacks may be execution-order dependent.
  Along with this, I removed the "context.interrupted = true" flag in
  the onCompleteCallback.
- Extracts PythonRDD::WriterThread to its own class.

Since this patch provides an alternative solution to [SPARK-1019](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-1019), I did test it with

```
sc.textFile("latlon.tsv").take(5)
```

many times without error.

Additionally, in order to test the unswallowed exceptions, I performed

```
sc.textFile("s3n://<big file>").count()
```

and cut my internet during execution. Prior to this patch, we got the "stdin writer exited early" message, which was unhelpful. Now, we get the SocketExceptions propagated through Spark to the user and get proper (though unsuccessful) task retries.

Author: Aaron Davidson <aaron@databricks.com>

Closes #640 from aarondav/pyspark-io and squashes the following commits:

b391ff8 [Aaron Davidson] Detect "clean socket shutdowns" and stop waiting on the socket
c0c49da [Aaron Davidson] SPARK-1579: Clean up PythonRDD and avoid swallowing IOExceptions
(cherry picked from commit 3308722ca03f2bfa792e9a2cff9c894b967983d9)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>
[SQL] Fix Performance Issue in data type casting

Using lazy val object instead of function in the class Cast, which improved the performance nearly by 2X in my local micro-benchmark.

Author: Cheng Hao <hao.cheng@intel.com>

Closes #679 from chenghao-intel/fix_type_casting and squashes the following commits:

71b0902 [Cheng Hao] using lazy val object instead of function for data type casting

(cherry picked from commit ca43186867f0120c29d1b27cfee0c7ff4a107d84)
Signed-off-by: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>
Nicer logging for SecurityManager startup

Happy to open a jira ticket if you'd like to track one there.

Author: Andrew Ash <andrew@andrewash.com>

Closes #678 from ash211/SecurityManagerLogging and squashes the following commits:

2aa0b7a [Andrew Ash] Nicer logging for SecurityManager startup

(cherry picked from commit 7f6f4a1035ae0c9fa2029fe991f621ca263d53e0)
Signed-off-by: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>
Typo fix: fetchting -> fetching

Author: Andrew Ash <andrew@andrewash.com>

Closes #680 from ash211/patch-3 and squashes the following commits:

9ce3746 [Andrew Ash] Typo fix: fetchting -> fetching

(cherry picked from commit d00981a95185229fd1594d5c030a00f219fb1a14)
Signed-off-by: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>
[SPARK-1688] Propagate PySpark worker stderr to driver

When at least one of the following conditions is true, PySpark cannot be loaded:

1. PYTHONPATH is not set
2. PYTHONPATH does not contain the python directory (or jar, in the case of YARN)
3. The jar does not contain pyspark files (YARN)
4. The jar does not contain py4j files (YARN)

However, we currently throw the same random `java.io.EOFException` for all of the above cases, when trying to read from the python daemon's output. This message is super unhelpful.

This PR includes the python stderr and the PYTHONPATH in the exception propagated to the driver. Now, the exception message looks something like:

```
Error from python worker:
  : No module named pyspark
PYTHONPATH was:
  /path/to/spark/python:/path/to/some/jar
java.io.EOFException
  <stack trace>
```

whereas before it was just

```
java.io.EOFException
  <stack trace>
```

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>

Closes #603 from andrewor14/pyspark-exception and squashes the following commits:

10d65d3 [Andrew Or] Throwable -> Exception, worker -> daemon
862d1d7 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into pyspark-exception
a5ed798 [Andrew Or] Use block string and interpolation instead of var (minor)
cc09c45 [Andrew Or] Account for the fact that the python daemon may not have terminated yet
444f019 [Andrew Or] Use the new RedirectThread + include system PYTHONPATH
aab00ae [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into pyspark-exception
0cc2402 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into pyspark-exception
783efe2 [Andrew Or] Make python daemon stderr indentation consistent
9524172 [Andrew Or] Avoid potential NPE / error stream contention + Move things around
29f9688 [Andrew Or] Add back original exception type
e92d36b [Andrew Or] Include python worker stderr in the exception propagated to the driver
7c69360 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into pyspark-exception
cdbc185 [Andrew Or] Fix python attribute not found exception when PYTHONPATH is not set
dcc0353 [Andrew Or] Check both python and system environment variables for PYTHONPATH
6c09c21 [Andrew Or] Validate PYTHONPATH and PySpark modules before starting python workers

(cherry picked from commit 5200872243aa5906dc8a06772e61d75f19557aac)
Signed-off-by: Aaron Davidson <aaron@databricks.com>