Adds Interval Tree Clocks and Vector Clocks with an algebraic approach

I've been geeking out on this for the past few nights.

1) implementing Interval Tree Clock was really fun.

2) I noticed a new concept: a partial semigroup. It seems useful to build operations that are robust to duplication.

3) I think with this, we can make storehaus work with Partial semigroups, which means if we store a value with type (C, T) where we have a clock for C and a semigroup for T we can get duplication tolerance. This is still a little vague to me, but I'd appreciate feedback.
Good point. I don't know yet. Maybe we should remove it from the base trait.