Another attempt at cleaning up the project file. This time, copied all child elements into all eight configuration/platform combinations.
Went through each of the combinations in the project's options, and set them all to "Link SDK assemblies only". This results in the <MtouchLink> child being removed. The three options are <MtouchLink>None</MtouchLink> == 'Don't link', [null] == 'Link SDK assemblies only', and <MtouchLink>Full</MtouchLink> == 'Link all assemblies'.

Also set Debug/iPhone, Debug/iPhoneSimulator, Alpha//iPhone, and Alpha/iPhoneSimulator to "Enable Debugging". This resulted in the other four having the <MtouchDebug>true</MtouchDebug> child removed.
Corrected for consistency with Active/Build/Deploy targets.
Removed reference to System.EnterpriseService (again).
Commented out the pre-build event (it doesn't apply on Mac OS).
Edited target for .XML files. Now doc/ instead of bin/doc/.
Builds and ran in debug on Dev-iPad2-tag-A0361.

Crashes if New button is clicked. Search for 22222222 returned results.