replace variable length arrays with std::vector

I have prepared the most direct version of std::vector-instead-variable-c99-array, intentinally not changing the signatures. I hope you'll introduce vector parameters etc. in more  consistent way than I can.

The final steps to support Windows is the described array change and https://github.com/openstreetmap/osm2pgsql/commit/7d780c931c209f539c84e7d02a8f12f2a81e4d67 inclusion (done in master but not here).

Could you please run ``make check`` on Linux? On Windows I have 8 rounding errors, one UTF8 error and one ``Projection code failed to initialize`` (will solve it by configuring environment).
Using `push_back` on empty `std::vector` means it's likely to [re-allocate often](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11560904/vector-memory-allocation-strategy). Might be better to do the same as the old code and call `std::vector::reserve()` before the loop.