Fix ScalarEvolutionExpander when creating a PHI in a block with duplicate predecessors

It seems that when I fixed this, almost exactly a year ago, I did not quite do
it correctly. When we have duplicate block predecessors, we can indeed not have
different incoming values for the same block, but we *must* have duplicate
entries. So, instead of skipping the duplicates, we explicitly add the
duplicate incoming values.

Fixes PR20442.