avoid using alias in generators

Ruby's alias produces public methods, causing a spurious Thor task
to be created.  For example, this is the reason MigrationGenerator
currently has two tasks:

    > ActiveRecord::Generators::MigrationGenerator.all_tasks.keys
    => ["singular_name", "create_migration_file"]

singular_name was meant to be an attribute, not a task.  Because it's
public, it gets called as a task every time the generator is invoked.

The fix is to ensure all generator methods have the correct
visibility.
Fix migrations with enable_extension

When using ActiveRecord::Base.table_name_prefix and/or
table_name_suffix, extension names got the same treatment as table names
when running migrations. This led to migrations that tried to call, for
example, enable_extension("prefix_hstore") on the connection.
Hash#deep_*_keys(!) recurse into nested arrays.

Following methods now recursively transform nested arrays, too.

* Hash#deep_transform_keys
* Hash#deep_transform_keys!
* Hash#deep_stringify_keys
* Hash#deep_stringify_keys!
* Hash#deep_symbolize_keys
* Hash#deep_symbolize_keys!
Check authentication scheme in Basic auth

`authenticate_with_http_basic` and its families should check the authentication
schema is "Basic".

Different schema, such as OAuth2 Bearer should be rejected by basic auth, but
it was passing as the test shows.

This fixes #10257.
Run login_procedure only when the auth_scheme is valid
Fixed `columns_for_distinct` of postgresql adapter
Added partial days support to `DateTime`'s `advance` method.

You can now add partial days (e.g. 2.5.days) to `DateTime` with the advance method.
This was acheived by mimicing the `advance` implementation in `Time`.
Fixed changelog
Refactor AR's validations_test.rb

The `:context` switch feature is implemented in
ActiveRecord::Validations#valid? method, so we should rename the test
names, and execute `valid?` in the test.

Change test name in AR's validations_test.rb

This test is testing save method's code
Fix bugs with changed attributes tracking when transaction gets rollback
Fix Hash#deep_merge bug and improve documentation — resolves #12738

Previously merging into a hash with a falsy value would not result in
the merge-block being called. The fix is simply to check for presence
of the key in the hash.

The documentation example for `deep_merge` now appropriately
demonstrates what a deep merge does.
Fix serialized field returning serialized data after update_column
Added documentation for the :param option for resourceful routing
Fixes Issue #13466.

Changed the call to a scope block to be evaluated with instance_eval.
The result is that ScopeRegistry can use the actual class instead of base_class when
caching scopes so queries made by classes with a common ancestor won't leak scopes.
Swallow bundler exceptions when running tests

Let's avoid useless output when testing stuff related to Bundler.
Fix Formatting in AR Readme

Don't make free form text appear in code blocks [ci skip]
fix guides mobile nav issue [ci skip]
Merge pull request #15000 from gregmolnar/guides_fix

fix guides mobile nav issue
add a test for the parameters sent to the url helper for new records
make sure url_for works similar to polymorphic_url