rustc: Start "stabilizing" some flags

This commit shuffles around some CLI flags of the compiler to some more stable
locations with some renamings. The changes made were:

* The `-v` flag has been repurposes as the "verbose" flag. The version flag has
  been renamed to `-V`.
* The `-h` screen has been split into two parts. Most top-level options (not
  all) show with `-h`, and the remaining options (generally obscure) can be
  shown with `--help -v` which is a "verbose help screen"
* The `-V` flag (version flag now) has lost its argument as it is now requested
  with `rustc -vV` "verbose version".
* The `--emit` option has had its `ir` and `bc` variants renamed to `llvm-ir`
  and `llvm-bc` to emphasize that they are LLVM's IR/bytecode.
* The `--emit` option has grown a new variant, `dep-info`, which subsumes the
  `--dep-info` CLI argument. The `--dep-info` flag is now deprecated.
* The `--parse-only`, `--no-trans`, and `--no-analysis` flags have
  moved behind the `-Z` family of flags.
* The `--debuginfo` and `--opt-level` flags were moved behind the top-level `-C`
  flag.
* The `--print-file-name` and `--print-crate-name` flags were moved behind one
  global `--print` flag which now accepts one of `crate-name`, `file-names`, or
  `sysroot`. This global `--print` flag is intended to serve as a mechanism for
  learning various metadata about the compiler itself.

No warnings are currently enabled to allow tools like Cargo to have time to
migrate to the new flags before spraying warnings to all users.
Reform power_of_two methods for perf increase & semantic change to consider 0 not a power of 2.

Vec panics when attempting to reserve capacity > int::MAX (uint::MAX / 2).
auto merge of #19640 : aliblong/rust/power_of_two_reform, r=Gankro

The `is_power_of_two()` method of the `UnsignedInt` trait currently returns `true` for `self == 0`. Zero is not a power of two, assuming an integral exponent `k >= 0`. I've therefore moved this functionality to the new method `is_power_of_two_or_zero()` and reformed `is_power_of_two()` to return false for `self == 0`.

To illustrate the usefulness of the existence of both functions, consider `HashMap`. Its capacity must be zero or a power of two; conversely, it also requires a (non-zero) power of two for key and val alignment.

Also, added a small amount of documentation regarding #18604.
Remove feature(import_shadowing) from all crates.
rustc: don't allow(non_camel_case_types) in resolve.
middle: resolve: fix inconsistencies around ExportMap and remove the 2 suffix.
rustc: middle: move DefMap from resolve to def.
rustc: middle: move TraitMap from resolve to ty.
rustc: middle: use cheaper Name in resolve::Export instead of String.
rustc: middle: move Export and ExportMap from resolve to def.
rustc: middle: move TraitItemKind from resolve to def.
rustc: middle: move some types from resolve to privacy.
Split resolve from rustc::middle into rustc_resolve.
rustc_resolve: move unused import checking into its own module.
rustc_resolve: move export recording into its own module.
Fix the fallout of removing feature(import_shadowing).
Fix more import_shadowing fallout in collections.
Fix fallout of removing import_shadowing in tests.
auto merge of #19995 : eddyb/rust/split-resolve, r=nikomatsakis

r? @nikomatsakis
auto merge of #19511 : eddyb/rust/no-shadow, r=alexcrichton

r? @erickt