Front-matter defaults inside documents of a collection

This PR adds support for frontmatter-defaults inside collections. 

Currently you can specify default values in pages, posts and drafts only. With this PR it is possible to pass a collection to the the `defaults/scope/type` key in `_config.yml`.

Example:

You have a collection with two documents:
```
_slides/
  slide-1.html
  slide-2.html
```

And a _config.yml with this content:
```yml
...
collections:
  slides:
    output: true

defaults:
  -
    scope:
      path: ""
      type: slides   # <= here you can specify a collection now!
    values:
      layout: slide
      test: Value
 ```
You can use `{{ page.test }}` inside `_slides/slide-1.html` which will result to `Value`.
I have also written a few tests, but I like to write a few more.

Open issues:
- [x] Implementation
- [x] Add a few more tests, especially to make sure the `defaults/scope/path` key works with this PR
- [x] Create documentation
- [x] Rebase

See also: #2405
/cc @parkr @benbalter