test: Add tests for closed issues

Closes #5518
Closes #7320
Closes #8391
Closes #8827
Closes #8983
Closes #10683
Closes #10802
Closes #11515
auto merge of #13811 : alexcrichton/rust/closed-issues, r=sfackler

Closes #5518
Closes #7320
Closes #8391
Closes #8827
Closes #8983
Closes #10683
Closes #10802
Closes #11515