CovarianceMatrix function

As discussed previously in #15, this implements a two-pass covariance calculation for mat64.Matrix.  I'm wondering if we should require BLAS to calculate covariance or if I should write an implementation with and without it.  Also, with better knowledge of the mat64 package I believe some of the memory allocations can be eliminated.

Currently a WIP, this pull request isn't anywhere near ready for merge.  Also, the .travis.yml file will have to be updated to get the BLAS dependency.  PTAL @kortschak, @btracey, I could use your advice.
Change SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE and HUGE to lowercase.